Presented by:

Steve Cavanaugh, PEPrincipal in Charge, Georgia Water Loss Program

Member IWA, Water Loss Specialist Group

Member, Georgia Water Loss Control Committee

Outreach Chair, AWWA Water Loss Control Committee

Co-author:

Jason BodwellGeorgia Environmental Finance Authority

Georgia Statewide Water Loss Program

M R S

Audience Participation !

3

Auditing

Requirement

Drivers

Technical

AssistanceValidation

Planned Use of

Audits

Training

Timeline

2008-2010

Severe Drought in Georgia…

Water Stewardship Act of 2010

requires annual water loss

audits

March 2012

Large water systems submit

first AWWA water loss audit

2012-13

State hires experts to

provide free 10-month training to small utilities

on water auditing; small systems submit their first audits

(Phase 1)

Early 2013

State commissions

3rd party validation for

all audits (large and small systems)

Late 2013 & 2014

State provides free technical assistance to small utilities for water loss

field work

(Phase 2, 2A)

Auditing

Requirement

Drivers

Technical

AssistanceValidation

Planned Use of

Audits

Training

Drivers that Compel Change

10

Water Audit Regulatory Drivers in GA

Landscape of Water Loss Auditing, Reporting & Performance Targets

WA

OR

TX

WI

MN

IL INWV

MDPA

NH

TN

GA

FL

CA

NM

MOKY

VA

NC

SC

NY

Requirements or References to AWWA M36 Methodology for Water Auditing & Loss Control

WA

OR

TX

WI

MN

IL INWV

MDPA NJ

MANH

TN

GA

FL

CA

NM

MOKY

VA

NC

SC

NY

DE

RealLosses

ApparentLosses

UnbilledAuthorized

Consumption

BilledAuthorized

Consumption

Non-Revenue

Water

RevenueWater

Leakage & Overflows at Storage

Billed Unmetered Consumption

Billed Metered Consumption

Billed Water Exported

Leakage on Service Lines

Leakage on Mains

Systematic Data Handling Errors

Customer Metering Inaccuracies

Unauthorized Consumption

Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

Unbilled Metered Consumption

WaterImported

OwnSources

TotalSystemInput

( allowfor

knownerrors )

WaterLosses

AuthorizedConsumption

WaterExported

WaterSupplied

IWA/AWWA Standard Water Balance

15

Unaccounted

For Water

Unaccounted

For Water

Percentage

16

2003

Inconsistent use and

interpretation

Unreliable indicator of

performance

Fails to segregate loss into

its components for effective

management

17

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

22%

24%

26%

28%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

MG

DWater Loss as a Percentage of Supply is not an Indicator of Performance

Water Supplied (MGD)

Authorized Consumption (MGD)

Water Loss (MGD)

Water Loss (Percent of Supply)

Unaccounted-For No More

Auditing

Requirement

Drivers

Technical

AssistanceValidation

Planned Use of

Audits

Training

20

Large

>10,000 population

Small

3300 - 10,000 population

108 118

Water Audit Report for:

Reporting Year: 2013 1/2013 - 12/2013

Data Validity Score: 77

Water Exported

5,484.580

Billed Metered Consumption (water

exported is removed)Revenue Water

49,907.000

Own SourcesAuthorized

Consumption49,907.000 Billed Unmetered Consumption 49,907.000

0.000

51,866.000 Unbilled Metered Consumption

0.000

86,113.080 1,959.000 Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

1,959.000

Water Supplied Unauthorized Consumption 30,721.500

Apparent Losses 2,425.500

80,628.500 7,495.000 Customer Metering Inaccuracies

1,490.200

Systematic Data Handling Errors

Water Losses 3,579.300

Water Imported 28,762.500Leakage on Transmission and/or

Distribution Mains

Real Losses Not broken down

0.00021,267.500

Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage

Tanks

Not broken down

Leakage on Service ConnectionsNot broken down

AWWA Free Water Audit Software: Water Balance

Non-Revenue Water

(NRW)

Billed Authorized Consumption

Unbilled Authorized Consumption

(Adjusted for

known errors)

Billed Water Exported

Philadelphia Water Department

WAS v5.0

American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.

Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department

Reporting Year:

System Attributes:

Apparent Losses: 7,495.000 MG/Yr

+ Real Losses: 21,267.500 MG/Yr

= Water Losses: 28,762.500 MG/Yr

Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): 2,497.30 MG/Yr

Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $54,788,450

Annual cost of Real Losses: $7,368,338 Valued at Variable Production Cost

Performance Indicators:

Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 38.1%

Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 25.2% Real Losses valued at Variable Production Cost

Apparent Losses per service connection per day: 38.95 gallons/connection/day

Real Losses per service connection per day: 110.52 gallons/connection/day

Real Losses per length of main per day*: N/A

Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: 1.70 gallons/connection/day/psi

From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL): 21,267.50 million gallons/year

8.52

* This performance indicator applies for systems with a low service connection density of less than 32 service connections/mile of pipeline

Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]:

2013 1/2013 - 12/2013

Return to Reporting Worksheet to change this assumpiton

AWWA Free Water Audit Software:

System Attributes and Performance Indicators

*** YOUR WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE IS: 77 out of 100 ***

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American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.

WAS v5.0

Financial:

Operational Efficiency:

AWWA Tools for Water Loss Control

Water Audit Report for:

Reporting Year:

All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR

Master Meter Error Adjustments

WATER SUPPLIED Pcnt: Value:

Volume from own sources: 5 1,000.000 MG/Yr 1 MG/Yr

Water imported: MG/Yr MG/Yr

Water exported: 1 100.000 MG/Yr 9 MG/Yr

Enter negative % or value for under-registration

WATER SUPPLIED: 825.000 MG/Yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration.

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION

Billed metered: 8 700.000 MG/Yr

Billed unmetered: 9 50.000 MG/Yr

Unbilled metered: MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:

Unbilled unmetered: 9 10.313 MG/Yr 1.25% MG/Yr24061

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 760.313 MG/Yr

WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 64.688 MG/Yr

Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:

Unauthorized consumption: 10 3.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr

Customer metering inaccuracies: 5 7.071 MG/Yr 1.00% MG/Yr

Systematic data handling errors: 4 5.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr

Apparent Losses: 15.071 MG/Yr

Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)

Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 49.617 MG/Yr

WATER LOSSES: 64.688 MG/Yr

NON-REVENUE WATER

NON-REVENUE WATER: 75.000 MG/Yr

= Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered

SYSTEM DATA

Length of mains: 7 100.0 miles

Number of active AND inactive service connections: 6 1,000

Service connection density: 10 conn./mile main

Yes

Average length of customer service line: ft

Average operating pressure: 6 60.0 psi

COST DATA

Total annual cost of operating water system: 5 $1,000,000 $/Year

Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 7 $3.50

Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 7 $3,000.00 $/Million gallons

WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:

PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION:

1: Volume from own sources

2: Customer metering inaccuracies

3: Total annual cost of operating water system

Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components:

$/1000 gallons (US)

100.000

<----------- Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' ---------->

Unauthorized consumption volume entered is greater than the recommended default value

5.000

*** YOUR SCORE IS: 60 out of 100 ***

A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score

100.000

3.000

25.000

Average length of customer service line has been set to zero and a data grading score of 10 has been applied

Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property line?

AWWA Free Water Audit Software:

Reporting Worksheet

Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed

1.000

2013 1/2013 - 12/2013

Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)

?

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?

?

? Click to access definition

?

?

?

?

?

?

Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades

?

?

?

?

?

?

(length of service line, beyond the property boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility)

Use buttons to selectpercentage of water

suppliedOR

value

?Click here:

for help using option buttons below

?

?

?

?

+

+ Click to add a comment

WAS v5.0

+

+

+

+

+

+

American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.

?

?

?

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+ Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses

?

To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below it.

AWWA Free Water Audit Software

Water Audit Report for:

Reporting Year:

All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR

Master Meter Error Adjustments

WATER SUPPLIED Pcnt: Value:

Volume from own sources: 5 1,000.000 MG/Yr 1 MG/Yr

Water imported: MG/Yr MG/Yr

Water exported: 1 100.000 MG/Yr 9 MG/Yr

Enter negative % or value for under-registration

WATER SUPPLIED: 825.000 MG/Yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration.

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION

Billed metered: 8 700.000 MG/Yr

Billed unmetered: 9 50.000 MG/Yr

Unbilled metered: MG/Yr Pcnt: Value:

Unbilled unmetered: 9 10.313 MG/Yr 1.25% MG/Yr24061

AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION: 760.313 MG/Yr

WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) 64.688 MG/Yr

Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value:

Unauthorized consumption: 10 3.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr

Customer metering inaccuracies: 5 7.071 MG/Yr 1.00% MG/Yr

Systematic data handling errors: 4 5.000 MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr

Apparent Losses: 15.071 MG/Yr

Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL)

Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: 49.617 MG/Yr

WATER LOSSES: 64.688 MG/Yr

NON-REVENUE WATER

NON-REVENUE WATER: 75.000 MG/Yr

= Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered

SYSTEM DATA

Length of mains: 7 100.0 miles

Number of active AND inactive service connections: 6 1,000

Service connection density: 10 conn./mile main

Yes

Average length of customer service line: ft

Average operating pressure: 6 60.0 psi

COST DATA

Total annual cost of operating water system: 5 $1,000,000 $/Year

Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): 7 $3.50

Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): 7 $3,000.00 $/Million gallons

WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE:

PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION:

1: Volume from own sources

2: Customer metering inaccuracies

3: Total annual cost of operating water system

Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components:

$/1000 gallons (US)

100.000

<----------- Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' ---------->

Unauthorized consumption volume entered is greater than the recommended default value

5.000

*** YOUR SCORE IS: 60 out of 100 ***

A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score

100.000

3.000

25.000

Average length of customer service line has been set to zero and a data grading score of 10 has been applied

Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property line?

AWWA Free Water Audit Software:

Reporting Worksheet

Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed

1.000

2013 1/2013 - 12/2013

Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District (0007900)

?

?

?

?

?

? Click to access definition

?

?

?

?

?

?

Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades

?

?

?

?

?

?

(length of service line, beyond the property boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility)

Use buttons to selectpercentage of water

suppliedOR

value

?Click here:

for help using option buttons below

?

?

?

?

+

+ Click to add a comment

WAS v5.0

+

+

+

+

+

+

American Water Works Association.Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved.

?

?

?

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+ Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses

?

To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below it.

Defaults provided

Free

awwa.org/waterlosscontrol

Industry Standard

(M36)

~10 Volume Inputs

~7 System Data Inputs

Auditing

Requirement

Drivers

Technical

AssistanceValidation

Planned Use of

Audits

Training

25

Small System Water Loss Audit Training – Phase I

26

Water Audit Training –Phase 1 Program Overview

Kickoff Webinar& Workshop Round 1:

Fundamentals

Homework Step 1:

Practice Audit

Workshop Round 2:

Reinforce & Next Steps

Homework Step 2:

Launch Data Protocols &

Monthly Team Meetings

Workshop Round 3:

Reinforcement & Continuous Improvement

Homework Step 3:

Final Validation

with Trainers:

Program Completion

Submittal of Validated

2012 Audit

JUN

2012

JULY

2012

AUG

2012

SEPT - DEC

2012

JAN - FEB

2013

FEB

2013

MARCH

2013

Utility Feedback: Discoveries

“Massive amounts of “unbilled” usage”

“Found accounts being metered and billed in different units (gallons vs. CCF)”

“Water meters are our cash registers and our cash registers need to be functioning properly”

“Discovered production numbers were significantly off, even though they were “calibrating” the production meters”

Utility Feedback: Some of the Biggest Surprises

“Amount of money we do not collect”

“Impact of water loss on finances”

“Apparent vs Real Loss - didn't realize how much could be lost through faulty meters.”

“The more money/water will find, the less we may need to borrow for capital projects”

“Performing the audit was easier than we originally thought.”

Utility Feedback: Common Themes

“We should have been doing this all along”

“We got it over time”

Auditing

Requirement

Drivers

Technical

AssistanceValidation

Planned Use of

Audits

Training

31

Critical Importance of ValidationCalifornia

Texas

Georgia:

Database of 230 Utilities Number of Audits (est)

Erroneous Units 15

Negative Water Supplied 4

Negative Water Loss 6

>100% Water Loss 3

ILI <0.5 30

2,046

34%

130

35%

230

25%

32

Critical Importance of Validation

• Quality control for input errors

• Verification of data grading

• Uniform adherence to grading matrix definitions

• Consistent definitions and calculations

33

Validated Audit Results

>200 Validated

Water Loss Audits

Auditing

Requirement

Drivers

Technical

AssistanceValidation

Planned Use of

Audits

Training

Small System Water Loss Technical Assistance –Phase II & IIA

100

Projects

Small Water Systems Technical Assistance –Leak Detection

Utility

#

Utility Total

Miles of

Main in

the

system

Actual

Miles

Surveyed

# of

Leaks

Found

Total

Estimated

Leak Water

Loss (gpm)

Leak Type

1 Butler 44 30 3 21 fire hydrant

2 Byron 50 30 2 4 valve; service (svc) connection

3 Cochran 62 29 2 7 fire hydrant

4 Vienna 77 25 2 7 fire hydrant; valve

5 McRae 43 28 1 3 fire hydrant

6 Sylvester 76 30 6 28 fire hydrant; svc connection; main

7 Adel 74 30 4 14 fire hydrant; svc connection

8 Swainsboro 96 30 10 42 fire hydrant; svc connection; main

9 Rincon 65 30 3 10 fire hydrant; svc connection; main

10 Walthourville 30 27 1 3 fire hydrant

11 Savannah 54 22 2 4 fire hydrant; svc connection

Total: 671 311 36 143

Utility

#

Utility Total

Miles of

Main in

the

system

Actual

Miles

Surveyed

# of

Leaks

Found

Total

Estimated

Leak Water

Loss (gpm)

Leak Type

1 Blue Ridge 100 30 3 21 main; svc connection; meter

2 Clarkesville 50 30 4 22 main; svc connection; meter; valve

3 Cornelia 47 30 11 70 hydrant; main; svc; meter; valve

4 Clayton 153 30 12 46 hydrant; main; svc; meter; valve

5 Commerce 125 30 8 38 hydrant; main; meter; svc connection

6 Towns County 400 60 6 21.5 hydrant; svc connection

7 Washington 115 30 5 28 blow-off; hydrant; svc connection

8 Cave Spring 87 30 7 35 hydrant; svc connection

9 Heard County 400 60 7 23 svc connection

10 Madison 84 30 9 35 hydrant; main; meter; svc connection

11 Palmetto 35 30 5 16 hydrant; svc connection

12 Tallapoosa 40 30 5 13 main; valve; svc connection

Total: 1,636 420 82 369

Small Water Systems Technical Assistance –Phase II Project Summary

Production costs include chemical and energy

costs – often times these are forgotten

Phase II Technical Assistance –Customer Meter Testing (CMT)

66

91

4440

16

47

6 4

0102030405060708090

100

Displacement Compound/Fireline/Ultrasonic

CMT Global Statistics Summary

total # meters Pass Fail N/A

54%40%

6%

Customer Meter Testing

FAIL

UNTESTABLE

PASS

39

7

19

2

11

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

FWMFV Global Statistics Summary

total # meters

Pass

Fail

Inconclusive

total # meters not tested18%

49%

33%

Finished Water Meter Flow Verification

Phase II Technical Assistance –Finished Water Meter Testing

FAIL

UNTESTABLE

PASS

Auditing

Requirement

Drivers

Technical

AssistanceValidation

Planned Use of

Audits

Training

41

Planned Use of Water Audit Results

42

Planned Use of Water Audit Results

Georgia’s water loss initiatives

are gaining national attention

44

Phase 1

Establish Annual M36 Water Auditing

Achieve Minimum Standard of Audit

Reliability

Manage Water Loss Performance for Long-

Term Reduction

Phase 2 Phase 3

Require-ment

Outreach

Training & Tech Asst

Data Manage-

ment

Validation

Certification

Benchmarking

Compliance

Statewide Data Validity

Statewide Water Loss

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7

Resource Management Grade C Resource Management Grade B Resource Management Grade A

Implement established

requirement for annual M36

Water Audits

Educate Regulatory

Community on M36 Method

and appropriate use of

performance indicators

Establish Statewide Water

Loss Control Committee

Develop State Manual and

Training Framework

Provide extended, progressive

training to utilities (funded)

Develop and implement data management system

Establish posting system and communication protocols

Establish minimum standards of validation for quality assurance

Determine by Agency or 3rd Party

Establish validation program until certification program is in place

Design and implement a Certified Water Audit program for sustained quality control

Statewide Water Loss Control Committee administers certification of individuals

Suite of Performance and Process Measures

System specific improvement over time in a cost-effective manner

No universal targets

Excessive thresholds established

Annual audit submission threshold exceedances

System specific progress review at permit renewals and extensions

Statewide Water Loss Management Program – Model Implementation

Jason BodwellGeorgia Environmental Finance Authority

Lebone Moeti, PhDGeorgia Environmental Protection Division

Brian Skeens, PECH2M HILL

Will Jernigan, PE - Cavanaugh

Acknowledgements

M R S

Audience Participation !