geomodeller_casestudyh_trainingchecklist

Memorandum

GeoModeller Training Checklist1 GeoModeller Workspace ..................................................................................................................... 2

2 Project .................................................................................................................................................. 3

3 Sections (including Topography) ........................................................................................................ 4

4 Geology Basics .................................................................................................................................... 5

4.1 Types of Geology Data ................................................................................................................. 5

4.2 Create Geology Objects, Stratigraphic Pile and Relationships .................................................... 5

5 Geology Data ....................................................................................................................................... 6

5.1 2D (Section) Data and 2D Viewers (Sections) ............................................................................. 6

5.1.1 2D Section Properties ............................................................................................................ 6

5.1.2 Geo-registration of Images on Sections ............................................................................... 6

5.1.3 Create/Edit Geology Data ..................................................................................................... 6

5.1.4 Create/Edit Geology Orientation Data .................................................................................. 7

5.1.5 Points List and Points List Editor (PLE) ............................................................................... 7

5.1.6 Graphical Editing Tools (2D Mouse Modes) ........................................................................ 7

5.1.7 Managing 2D Data Display see later .................................................................................. 7

5.1.8 Managing 2D Viewer Display see later ............................................................................. 7

5.2 3D Data ......................................................................................................................................... 7

5.3 Drillhole Data ............................................................................................................................... 8

6 Importing Geology Data ...................................................................................................................... 9

7 Visualising Geology Data ................................................................................................................. 11

8 Using Geology Data .......................................................................................................................... 12

9 Deleting Geology Data ...................................................................................................................... 13

10 Export Geology Data ....................................................................................................................... 14

11 Model Compute ............................................................................................................................... 14

12 Model Results: Plot in 2D - Lines and Polygons ............................................................................ 14

13 Model Results: Build 3D Shapes ..................................................................................................... 14

14 Model Results: Exports ................................................................................................................... 14

15 Full Project Presentation ................................................................................................................. 14

16 Geophysics: Forward Model ........................................................................................................... 14

17 Geophysics: Inversion ..................................................................................................................... 14

1 GeoModeller WorkspaceFive main components

Main Menu

Toolbars

Project Explorer tree structure of data and results objects in the Project

2D Viewer showing one or more 2D Sections; associated 2D Toolbar on the left side

3D Viewer showing data and results in 3D; associated 3D Toolbar on the right side

Can re-arrange the layout of the Workspace 2D and 3D Viewers

For display management within the 2D and 3D Viewers see later sections.

GeoModeller_TrainingCheckList_0905.doc Page 2

2 Project


Z is up

North

East

3 Sections (including Topography)

2D Sections are a traditional concept in geology, and are important components in GeoModeller.

A section in GeoModeller is some defined surface which intersects the 3D space of a Project

typically a vertical, planar section or a horizontal slice at a specified elevation

may be inclined

can be curved

can be multiple segments A to B to C

the Project topography loaded from a DTM - is a special section

GeoModeller Project: Uses 3D (x, y, z) coordinates

GeoModeller Section: Uses 2D (u, v) coordinates

Every section has a defined 2D (u, v) coordinate framework vertical section: u is along the section, v is up (and same as z of the 3D x, y, z coordinates) topography, or horizontal slice section: u is east, v is north

The location of any data point on a Section is defined in terms of the Section (u, v) coordinate.

For every section, a function of (u, v) maps onto the true 3D (x, y, z) coordinate of any point

thus, a Section in GeoModeller is a function: P(x, y, z) = f (u, v) the special topography (map) Section is a function

Use the Points List Editor (see later) to enter points in a 2D Viewer to define the trace of a Section.

Points can be edited to create a Section between exact coordinates.

Click left-to-right on the Topo-Map 2D Viewer to create a traditional west-to-east vertical Section.Main Menu | View | Points List Visualisation to set Spline degree to 0 to create a section withmultiple straight-line segments (Otherwise the Section is created along the Points Lists curvedspline line)


4 Geology Basics

4.1 Types of Geology DataTwo main types of geology data (geology observations) in GeoModeller

Contacts points defining the position of a geology surface (formation top/bottom, or fault)(x, y, z, formation-or-fault-name)

Orientation Data points defining the attitude of a geology surface i.e. strike & dip(x, y, z, dip, dip-direction, polarity, formation-or-fault-name)

As noted above, position is typically described in terms of (u, v) on a specified Section, which thenmaps onto a corresponding true 3D (x, y, z) coordinate via the Section-position-function.

There are also

Fold Axial Surface Position, Orientation and Hingeline Data

Comment on Orientation Data and Normal/Overturned (Polarity) Normal dip measured between 0-90deg

Overturned measured between 0-90deg

Field Terminology How dip is recorded GeoModeller Dialogs Polarity in Files

Normal Dip 0-90 towards specified azimuth Normal 1Overturned 0-90 towards specified azimuth Reverse (Overturned) -1

Use care with orientation data. In effect, orientation data describe a facing vector to geologysurfaces and your orientation data must properly define that facing direction for geologysurfaces

For typical, non-overturned, sub-horizontal sedimentary strata, the facing of such strata isupwards. For this case, orientation data are defined between 0-90 and normal. (Considera pole-to-the-geology-surface inclined between 0-90 from vertical)

Where geology surfaces are overturned, orientation data in that vicinity should have theconventional 0-90 dip traditionally recorded by geologists but with reverse polarity.

When describing the attitude of geology-intrusion-surfaces, typically consider a facingwhich is oriented inwards into the intrusion and define your orientation data pointsaccordingly. ( and set the rock-relationship in the pile to be erode).

Note that a fault may dip one way at some location, and dip in the reverse direction at someother point; you will need to use the reverse or overturned terminology for some of the faultsorientation data. It does not matter which way you do this the fault can be facing one wayor the other you just need to describe it so that it has a consistent facing.

4.2 Create Geology Objects, Stratigraphic Pile and Relationships Create Formation, Fault, Axial Surface Objects

Stratigraphic Pile Create, Edit

Tops or Bottoms of Formations


Onlap/Erode Relationships

Link Series to Faults, Link Faults to Faults (Fault Network)

Define Limited Faults

5 Geology DataIntroduce the various types of geology data

2D Data on 2D Sections extensive editing and display management tools

3D Data import, visualise, use in model-building, delete but no editing Drillhole data

Introduce the idea of different data structures

each Section is a data structure that contains the data on that Section

3D Data and Drillhole data are stored in different data structures

thus Drillholes dont belong on a Section but can be projected onto a Section

5.1 2D (Section) Data and 2D Viewers (Sections)

5.1.1 2D Section Properties Sections have 2D (u, v) coordinates which map onto true 3D (x, y, z) coordinates Topography is a Section

Sections are displayed individually in 2D Viewer windows

Where am I? What distance in this Section?

Cursor tracking shows 2D (u, v) and 3D (x, y, z) coordinates Tape Measure tool (see also Mouse Modes)

5.1.2 Geo-registration of Images on Sections Geo-registration of images onto Section (u, v) space a source of geology data

5.1.3 Create/Edit Geology Data Introduce Mouse Modes Create Mode > Create

Auto-selection and right-mouse pop-up menu > Edit

Create/Edit Geology Data dialog (formations, faults)


Details of the dialog, associated, etc

Can also import geology data to a Section more later

5.1.4 Create/Edit Geology Orientation Data Create/Edit Geology Orientation Data dialog (formations, faults)

Details of the dialog

Can also import geology orientation data to a Section more later

5.1.5 Points List and Points List Editor (PLE) Introduce the Points List Start, End, Order, Current Point, Current Segment, Angle

Points List Editor (PLE) Toolbar docked and floating

Floating PLE Table Views, editing data values in the PLE

Manage the display of the Points List (the green spline line, etc) in the 2D Viewers

5.1.6 Graphical Editing Tools (2D Mouse Modes) Comment on each mode

Note on cursor tracking feed-back while editing

5.1.7 Managing 2D Data Display see later

5.1.8 Managing 2D Viewer Display see later

5.2 3D DataSometimes we know the full (x, y, z) position of geology data points - contacts and orientation data but these data do not belong on a Section we can load these to the 3D Data data structure.

Cannot create 3D data Can only import 3D Data (see below) The only way to create data (i.e. digitise, interpret) is on Sections in 2D Viewers

Cannot edit 3D Data 3D Data is the same as 2D Data (stored on Sections). They are

points of geology observation at known (x, y, z) location for a named geology Formation or Fault

for geology contacts, they must be points that define a top (or bottom) of Formation

for orientation data - dip, dip direction and polarity must be defined


they are used in Model Compute, just like any other geology data

Delete - Manage via Project Explorer

2D View Show, Hide, Manage display attributes


5.3 Drillhole DataThere are two important differences with Drillhole Data

we need to define the location of the drillhole trace i.e. the collar position, and surveys we simply specify the drilled geology intervals - not need to interpret tops or bottoms

GeoModeller examines the drilled geology intervals, in the context of the order of formationsdefined in the stratigraphic column, and the rock relationships and deduces valid geology contacts.

These drillhole deduced geology contacts are just like any other geology contact This process is done on-the-fly at the start of a Model-Compute

GeoModeller gets this right even for cases of a drilled interval through overturned geologyBUT

GeoModeller gets it wrong when Formation A is juxtaposed to Formation B due to faulting The solution when assessing and preparing drillhole data files for import, specify the drilled

geology interval data such that there is a small (1cm) gap wherever a fault has brought twogeology formations into juxtaposition.

Drillhole data files

The industry standard ASCII CSV collars, surveys and geology-from-to files are supported,and the interface allows flexibility to read a wide variation of data files in this general format

Two other formats but these are less flexible at this stage: BRGMs GDM format, andanother simple ASCII format


6 Importing Geology Data

Type of data BRGM ASCII Format

If I have a data in the special BRGM ASCIIformat the same format that is used to dump alldata and plotted geology lines from a 2D Section then those data have (u, v) coordinates andbelong on a Section (see format description)

Import to 2D Data Sections

Main Menu | Import | Import 2D Data

Opens a simple dialog; browse to the *.data filein BRGM format; Press [OK]

Type of data contact data in ASCII CSV with (u, v) coordinates

If I have an ASCII CSV file containing columnsfor (u, v) location and geology/fault name these data can be imported provided they belongon a 2D Section, and that Section exists in theProject, and the Sections (u, v) coordinate spacecorrespond with the (u, v) coordinate space of thedata in the file.

There is at present no Import for a generalisedASCII CSV file. First re-format the file


You must massage the file into the same formatas the INTERFACES portion of the aboveBRGM ASCII format then


(In setting up the BRGM format file, do notattempt to set ASSOCIATEDORIENTATIONSvalues; those are only valid when dumped outfrom a GeoModeller 2D Section)

Type of data orientation data in ASCII CSV with (u, v) coordinates

Data as above but now also with dip (0-90), dipdirection and polarity (1=normal, -1=overturned)

Again there is no generalised ASCII CSVimporter yet


You must massage the file into the same formatas the FOLIATIONS portion of the aboveBRGM ASCII format then


Type of data - contact data in ASCII CSV with (x, y, z) coordinates

If I have an ASCII CSV file containing columnsfor (x, y, z) location and geology/fault name and these data are variably distributed through3D space

Import to 3D Data

Main Menu | Import | Import 3D Data | Import3D Geology Interface Data

Opens a generalised ASCII import tool, selectwhich columns you require as X, Y, Z and thegeology/fault code. Allows ft>m conversion ofX, Y & Z. Allows geology codes from file to bemapped to geology codes in Project.


If I have the above and I know that data areclosely aligned to a section and the requiredsections exists in the GeoModeller Project

Import and Project to 2D Sections

Main Menu | Import | Import 3D Data | Import3D Geology Data and Project to Sections

Opens a generalised ASCII import tool asabove

Type of data orientation data in ASCII CSV with (x, y, z) coordinates

If I have an ASCII CSV file containing columnsfor (x, y, z) location and geology/fault name but now also with dip (0-90), dip direction andpolarity (1=normal, -1=overturned)

Import to 3D Data

Main Menu | Import | Import 3D Data | Import3D Geology Orientation Data

Opens a generalised ASCII import tool, selectwhich columns you require as X, Y, Z, dip, dip-direction, polarity and the geology/fault code.Allows ft>m conversion of X, Y & Z. Allowsgeology codes from file to be mapped to geologycodes in Project.

Type of data Drillhole data in three files ASCII CSV collars, surveys and geology files

Import to Drillholes data structure

Main Menu | Import | Import Drillhole Data |Import Collars, Surveys, Geology (3 files)

Opens a dialog that allows you to browse to eachof the three files, and select which columns touse from each file as the required input fields


7 Visualising Geology Data

Type of data Show / Hide on a 2D Section

2D Section Data - contact and orientation. Y shown by default. To Show/Hide

In 2D Viewer (2DV), Popup Menu | Displayparameters, check on or off

3D contacts Y Project Data Onto Sections (Ctrl + I)

3D orientation data N

Drillhole intervals Y Project Data Onto Sections (Ctrl + I)

DH deduced contacts Y Project Data Onto Sections (Ctrl + I)

Type of data Show / Hide on another Section

2D Section Data - contact (not orientation) Y Project Data Onto Sections (Ctrl + I)

Type of data Show / Hide in 3D Viewer

All 2D and 3D contacts data for all Formations From the Project Explorer Formations object,Popup Menu | Show 3D Interfaces

(toggles to Hide 3D Interfaces)

All 2D and 3D contacts data for selectedFormations

Main Menu | View | 3D Viewer | Show interfacedata; select formations/faults in the dialog, [OK]

Re-use to Show data for an alternative selection(and thus Hide data previously Shown).

All 2D and 3D orientation data for selectedFormations

Main Menu | View | 3D Viewer | Showorientation data; select formations/faults in thedialog, press [OK]

Re-use to Show data for an alternative selection(and thus Hide data previously Shown).

This dialog also controls the size and thickness ofthe displayed orientation data disc symbols


8 Using Geology DataGeology data are used in GeoModellers Model-Compute process. The compute-process is a co-kriging solution which derives the mathematical equations that define interpolated geology surfacesfor each geology formation and fault. The equations are the geology model. All geology plots and3D surfaces are then derived from that set of equations, taking into account the order defined in thestratigraphic pile, and the rock relationships, and the links between formations and faults.

At this stage once data are loaded into a Project there is only limited control over whether thedata are used or not in the model-compute process. Most forms of geology data in the Project arealways used.

Type of data Used in the Model-Compute process?

2D Section Data - contact andorientation

Select which Sections are used in the Model-Compute dialog;all data on the selected Section(s) are used.

3D Data contact and orientation Always used

Drillhole intervals used to deduce

Drillhole deduced contacts Always used

For those data which are always used in the Model-Compute process, the only option for not usingsuch data is to delete them from the Project.


9 Deleting Geology Data

There is currently NO UNDO!

Type of data How to delete

2D Section Data - contact and orientation. Deleteselected interface points, orientation data, andobjects (grouped interface points)

In 2D Viewer (2DV), in all edit mouse modes,auto-select, Popup Menu, Delete

In 2DV, in all edit mouse modes, auto-select,press Delete key, confirm Y to delete

In 2DV, Delete objects mouse mode, mouse dragrectangle to lasso points, confirm Y to delete

In 2DV, Delete points mouse mode, click onpoint immediate delete (no confirmation)

2D Section Data contact and orientation

delete all contacts from a Section, OR

delete all orientation data from Section

This Delete dialog is also available from ProjectExplorer Popup Menu on each Section object.

In 2DV, Popup Menu | Data | Delete | Geologydata, confirm Y to delete all

In 2DV, Popup Menu | Data | Delete | Geologyorientation data, confirm Y to delete all

From the Project Explorer Section object, PopupMenu as above

2D Section Data - contact and orientation various delete combinations, including

Delete all interface data for a geologyformation or fault

Delete all orientation data for a geologyformation or fault

Delete all interface data for a geologyformation or fault on a specified section

Delete all orientation data for a geologyformation or fault on a specified section

Navigate from the Project Explorer Formationobject down to either the interface object,orientation data object or the section objectsbelow those

Popup Menu, Delete, confirm Y to delete

3D Data - contact and orientation variousdelete combinations, including

Delete all interface data for a geologyformation or fault

Delete all orientation data for a geologyformation or fault

Navigate from the Project Explorer Formationobject down to the 3D Data object


2D Section Data and 3D Data - contact andorientation various delete combinations,including

Delete all 2D and 3D Data for a geologyformation

Delete all 2D and 3D Data for a fault

Navigate from the Project Explorer Formationobject down to a specific geology series orgeology formation or fault object



10 Export Geology DataTypes of Data 1: Formation, Fault, Orientation, Axial Surface Data

Types of Data 2: 2D Section Data, 3D Data and Contacts deduced from Drillholes

Export:

2D Section Data to ASCII 2D (u, v)

All Data to ASCII 3D (x, y, z)

2D Section Data to GIS

11 Model Compute

12 Model Results: Plot in 2D - Lines and PolygonsPlot Model in 2D sections


3D View of 2D Section Model-Plots

13 Model Results: Build 3D ShapesBuild 3D Shapes

3D View and Project Explorer to Manage Display

14 Model Results: ExportsLines and polygons as ASCII (2D export; BRGM format)

Lines and polygons as GIS (2D export)

Lines and polygons as 3D vector data (3D export)

Model as Shapes: T-Surf

Model as Shapes: other formats?

Model as Shapes: VRML (see below)

Model as Voxets:

15 Full Project PresentationVRML Export of data, drillholes and geology/fault shapes in 3D

16 Geophysics: Forward Model

17 Geophysics: Inversion


geomodeller_casestudyh_trainingchecklist

Documents