geol 751 lecture 6: cementation & diagnesis geol 751: carbonate petrography university of south...
TRANSCRIPT
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751: Carbonate PetrographyUniversity of South Carolina
Spring 2005
Professor Chris KendallProfessor Chris KendallEWS 304 EWS 304
[email protected] [email protected] 777.2410777.2410
Precipitated Cements & Diagenesis of CarbonatesPrecipitated Cements &
Diagenesis of Carbonates
Limestones & DolomitesLimestones & Dolomites
Tango!Tango!
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Carbonate Cement Fabrics Carbonate Cement Fabrics
Crust or rims coat grains Syntaxial overgrowth – optical continuity with
skeletal fabricEchinoid single crystalsBrachiopod multiple crystals
Blocky equant - final void fill
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
Carbonate Cement Fabrics Carbonate Cement Fabrics
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall after RL Folk
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Botryoidal AragoniteBotryoidal AragoniteMarine CementMarine Cement
Belize Reef - Belize Reef - CementationCementationBelize Reef - Belize Reef - CementationCementation
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Belize Reef - Belize Reef - CementationCementationBelize Reef - Belize Reef - CementationCementation
Botryoidal AragoniteBotryoidal AragoniteMarine CementMarine Cement
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
EniwetokAtoll
–Pleistocene
EniwetokAtoll
–Pleistocene
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine Isopachus Marine Aragonite CementAragonite Cement
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
Eniwetok Atoll – PleistoceneEniwetok Atoll – Pleistocene
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Marine Cement Fabrics
-Aragonite Needles
&Magnesium
Calcite Blades
Marine Cement Fabrics
-Aragonite Needles
&Magnesium
Calcite Blades
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Eniwetok – Marshal Eniwetok – Marshal IslandsIslandsEniwetok – Marshal Eniwetok – Marshal IslandsIslands
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Dry Canyon – Almagordo, Dry Canyon – Almagordo, NMxNMxDry Canyon – Almagordo, Dry Canyon – Almagordo, NMxNMx
Stromotacti
s Cavity
Stromotacti
s Cavity
Internal Sedim
ent
Internal Sedim
ent
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana GorgeCanning Basin – Winjana Gorge
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning
Basin–
Winjana
Gorge
Canning
Basin–
Winjana
Gorge
Encrusting RenalcisEncrusting Renalcis
Amphipora
Amphipora
Internal Sedim
ent
Internal Sedim
ent
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana GorgeCanning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Encrustin
g Renalcis
Encrusti
ng Renalcis
Amph
ipor
a
Amph
ipor
a
Internal Sedim
ent
Internal Sedim
ent
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana GorgeCanning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Renalcis Drape
Internal Sediment
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana GorgeCanning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Renalcis Drape
Amphipora CoreCement Fill
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana GorgeCanning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Renalcis Drape
Amphipora Core
Cement Fill
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Eniwetok – PleistoceneEniwetok – Pleistocene
Isopach
us
Isopach
us
Calcite C
ement
Calcite C
ement
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Renalcis Drape
Brchiopod Core
Final Cement Fill
IsopachusMarine Cement
Canning Basin – Winjana GorgeCanning Basin – Winjana Gorge
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
Canning Basin – Winjana GorgeCanning Basin – Winjana Gorge
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
Canning Basin – Winjana GorgeCanning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Renalcis Drape
Internal Sediment
Spongue
IsopachusMarine Cement
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
Final Cement FillRenalcis Drape
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After Phil Playford
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Sediment Fill
Final Cement Fill
IsopachusMarine Cement
Amphipora Core
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis After Phil Playford
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine CementIsopachus Marine Cement
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Meniscus CementMeniscus Cement
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Arab D – JurassicArab D – Jurassic
Pendent Cement
Pendent Cement
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Eniwetok Atoll – PleistoceneEniwetok Atoll – Pleistocene
HalimedaHalimeda
Isopachus Cement
Isopachus Cement FW after Marine?
FW after Marine?
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Seven Rivers
-Permian
-Marine Cavity
Cements&
Sediment
Seven Rivers
-Permian
-Marine Cavity
Cements&
Sediment
Pendent Cement
Pendent Cement
Internal Sediment
Internal Sediment
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Seven Rivers
-Permian
-Marine Cavity
Cements&
Sediment
Seven Rivers
-Permian
-Marine Cavity
Cements&
Sediment
Pendent Cement
Pendent Cement
Internal Sediment
Internal Sediment
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
Settings Settings of of
Carbonate Carbonate DiagenesiDiagenesi
ss--
Flow Flow ChartChart
Settings Settings of of
Carbonate Carbonate DiagenesiDiagenesi
ss--
Flow Flow ChartChart
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Meniscus CementMeniscus Cement
Ooids - Calcite Fresh Water Ooids - Calcite Fresh Water CementCement
Ooids - Calcite Fresh Water Ooids - Calcite Fresh Water CementCement
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Ooids – Aragonite DissolutionOoids – Aragonite DissolutionOoids – Aragonite DissolutionOoids – Aragonite Dissolution
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Radial Ooids – Marine CementRadial Ooids – Marine CementRadial Ooids – Marine CementRadial Ooids – Marine Cement
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Gastropod – Test Preserved Gastropod – Test Preserved Gastropod – Test Preserved Gastropod – Test Preserved
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Gastropod – Aragonite Marine Gastropod – Aragonite Marine CementCement
Gastropod – Aragonite Marine Gastropod – Aragonite Marine CementCement
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Gastropod – Dissolution of Gastropod – Dissolution of Test StartsTest Starts
Gastropod – Dissolution of Gastropod – Dissolution of Test StartsTest Starts
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Gastropod – Solution Ghost of Gastropod – Solution Ghost of TestTest
Gastropod – Solution Ghost of Gastropod – Solution Ghost of TestTest
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Gastropod – Cement Fill of Gastropod – Cement Fill of TestTest
Gastropod – Cement Fill of Gastropod – Cement Fill of TestTest
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
DiagnesisC. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Pleistocene – Pleistocene – EniwetokEniwetok
Pleistocene – Pleistocene – EniwetokEniwetok
Isopachus CementIsopachus Cement
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopach
us
Isopach
us
Marine Cement
Marine Cement
Tertiary – FusilinidsTertiary – Fusilinids
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Guadalupian – West TexasGuadalupian – West Texas
Isopach
us
Isopach
us
Marine Cement
Marine Cement
Fusu
linid
Fusu
linid
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Influx of Influx of MagnesiumMagnesium
Rich Rich ContinentalContinental
Ground Ground WatersWaters
Influx of Influx of sea watersea water
Evaporation Evaporation of mixed of mixed WatersWaters
1. 1. AragoniteAragonite2. 2. GypsumGypsum3. 3. AnhydriteAnhydrite4. 4. DolomiteDolomite5. Halite5. Haliteaccumulaaccumulatetein this in this orderorder
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
SmackoverJurassic
SmackoverJurassic
Dolomitized Ooids
Dolomitized Ooids
Dissolve
d
Dissolve
dOoi
ds
Ooids
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
DiagnesisC. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
DiagnesisC. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Smackover – AlabamaSmackover – Alabama
Note Ghosts
Note Ghosts
Of Grains
Of Grains
Dolim
ite R
hom
bs
Dolim
ite R
hom
bs
C. G. St. C. C. G. St. C. KendallKendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
DiagnesisC. G. St. C. Kendall
Carbonate Porosity
-After
Choquette&
Pray
Carbonate Porosity
-After
Choquette&
Pray
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
DiagnesisC. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Smackover – AlabamaSmackover – Alabama
Blue Epoxy
Blue Epoxy
Ooid
Corte
x co
llaps
e
Ooid
Corte
x co
llaps
e
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Ooid Dissolution with Burial Ooid Dissolution with Burial
Ooid Dissolutio
n
Ooid Dissolutio
n
Ooid
Dissolut
ion
Ooid
Dissolut
ion
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Ooid Cortex Collapse with Burial
Ooid Cortex Collapse with Burial
Ooid
Colla
pse
Ooid
Colla
pse
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
StylolitesStylolites
Dissolution seam(A), Stylolite (B), Highly serrate stylolite (C) Deformed stylolite (D). A few grains are shown schematically to emphasize the change in scale from the previous figure (after Bruce Railsback)
Two-dimensional cross-sectonal views of
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
StylolitesStylolites
Tangential (A) flattened (B) concavo-convex (C) sutured (D) (after Bruce Railsback)
Intergranular contacts as seen in thin section
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
StylolitesStylolites
After Bruce Railsback
StylolitesStylolites
After Bruce Railsback
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Lecture ConclusionsLecture Conclusions Photosynthesis, warm temperatures & low pressures in shallow water
enhance carbonate distribution Carbonate cementation takes place in the depositional setting Carbonate cementation takes place from water pumped by tides, waves and
evaporation of sea water CCD controls dissolution of carbonate and its recirculation as a cement Most diagenesis, dolomitization, & cementation of carbonates takes place at
the near surface & trace elements can be used in this determination Carbonate cementation and diagenesis can take place through the burial
cycle Mineralogy & fabric of cements varies with setting and mineralogy of the
substrate Stylolites develop through burial & solution/compaction
End of the LectureEnd of the Lecture
Lets go for lunch!!!