geographic information systems (gis) use in › epi › faculty › detels › epi220 ›...

3/4/2014

GIS use in Public Health1

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)use in Public Health

Douglas Morales, MPHEpidemiologist/GIS CoordinatorOffice of Health Assessment and EpidemiologyEpidemiology Unit

Objectives

• Define GIS and justify its use

• Analyze data spatially and temporally

• Apply GIS to Public Health and health outcomes

• Review historical medical mapping examples in disease outbreaks

• Introduce to LA County Department of Public Health (DPH)

– Use of GIS in DPH

– Career Options

My first map – “El Norte”

3/4/2014


Corona Virus

VB

4

Disclaimer!

What is GIS?

• Integration of:

– Hardware, Software & Data

• Purpose:

– capture, manage, analyze and display geographically referenced information

• Cartographic, graphic and statistical approach

5

3/4/2014


Why use GIS?

• To visualize, understand, question and interpret data

• To reveal spatial and temporal relationships, patterns and trends

• Facilitates the integration and analysis of data from different sources for better decision‐making

• Tobler’s First Law of Geography“Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things”

‐Waldo Tobler

Why use GIS in Public Health?

Epidemiology

• The basic science of public health

• Epi – means “upon”

• Demos – means “people” as in “democracy”

• Logos – “the study of”

• “the study of what is upon the people”

• Definition (Last, JM)

– The study of the distribution and determinants of health‐related states or events in specified populations and the application of control of health problems

7

8

Why use GIS in Public Health?

• To reveal relationships, patterns and trends about the interaction between host, agent, vector and the environment

• Epidemiology Triad

• Demographic and Geographic

characteristics of host and

pathogenic communities

encourage and inhibit

disease

3/4/2014


9

GIS in Public Health: Dengue

Medical Mapping Examples

10

Arrieta: Bubonic Plague (Bari, 1694)

11

10 miles

Districts where plague had be active

3/4/2014


Bubonic Plague Pandemic (1347‐1900)

• Spatiotemporal distribution of 6,929 documented plague outbreaks.

12

Leonhard Ludwig Finke, 1792

• Nosological Map of the World

– Drawn but not published because Finke was afraid that work would be too expensive

• Attempted to describe a broad topography of disease in Germany

• First use of phrase “Medical Geography”

13

14

Seaman: Yellow Fever (New York, 1798)

2

3

46

S S S

S

7

8

1

3/4/2014


Shapter – Cholera (Exeter, 1832)

15

16

Edwin Chadwick (Leeds, 1842)

John Snow and Spot Maps (1854)

17

• “Father” of Modern Epidemiology

• Cholera

• London Broad Street Pump

• Chlorine in Water

3/4/2014


John Snow – Cholera (London, 1854)

• 13 water pumps

• 574 cholera fatalities in 10 days

• Multiple deaths at single address‐ stacked black line

• Snow proved those affected drank water from the Broad Street Pump

18



3/4/2014





3/4/2014


Polio Distribution, 1910

24

25

2000

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 2000, 2010

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)

2010

1990

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

3/4/2014


27

2010 State Obesity Rates

State % State % State % State %

Alabama 32.2 Illinois 28.2 Montana 23.0 Rhode Island 25.5

Alaska 24.5 Indiana 29.6 Nebraska 26.9 South Carolina 31.5

Arizona 24.3 Iowa 28.4 Nevada 22.4 South Dakota 27.3

Arkansas 30.1 Kansas 29.4 New Hampshire 25.0 Tennessee 30.8

California 24.0 Kentucky 31.3 New Jersey 23.8 Texas 31.0

Colorado 21.0 Louisiana 31.0 New Mexico 25.1 Utah 22.5

Connecticut 22.5 Maine 26.8 New York 23.9 Vermont 23.2

Delaware 28.0 Maryland 27.1 North Carolina 27.8 Virginia 26.0

District of Columbia

22.2 Massachusetts 23.0 North Dakota 27.2 Washington 25.5

Florida 26.6 Michigan 30.9 Ohio 29.2 West Virginia 32.5

Georgia 29.6 Minnesota 24.8 Oklahoma 30.4 Wisconsin 26.3

Hawaii 22.7 Mississippi 34.0 Oregon 26.8 Wyoming 25.1

Idaho 26.5 Missouri 30.5 Pennsylvania 28.6

“Where” does GIS fit within the Department of Public Health

28

29

3/4/2014


Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology (OHAE)

http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/ohae/ 30

• Units

– Epidemiology

– Health Assessment

– Data Collections and Analysis

– IRB

Epidemiology Unit

• Epidemiology Support & Training

• Demographic, Childhood Obesity, Life Expectancy Data

• Special Studies & Health Reports

• Geographic Information Systems

31http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/index.htm

32

• Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology

– Epidemiology Unit

• GIS Unit– Aida Angelescu/Douglas Morales

– Data Requests/Web GIS

– Officially the Unofficial GIS Unit

– Quarterly Health GIS meetings

Next meeting: May 28

3/4/2014


• 8 Service Planning Areas (SPA)

• 4 Area Health Officers

– One per 2 SPAs

• 26 Health Districts (HD) with the 8 SPAs

– Built upon Census Tracts

• 14 Public Health Centers (PHC)

• 88 Incorporated Cities in Los Angeles County

• Is Panorama City a City? East LA? Lennox?

GIS Data RequestsSpatio‐Temporal Analysis

35

3/4/2014


36

37

38

• Results consistent with Study that showed three LA restaurant hubs

• Who is more likely to complain?

• First time these data were “spatially enabled”

3/4/2014


39

• What are potential Sites for a Warehouse

• Median Center is downtown LA

• Standard Deviational Ellipses

• Can factor in traffic conditions and routing

40

• Eliminating downtown LA as a candidate

– Pasadena location a good alternative?

41

3/4/2014


42

43

Skid Row Project Guidelines

• Map locations of:

– Los Angeles City Public Restrooms

– Trash cans

– Rodent Burrows

– Feces

– Urine

• Problem!

– No GPS device

44

3/4/2014


45

46

47

3/4/2014


WNV + Animal DistributionLegend

WNV+ Birds

Year

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Mean Center

Median Center

StandardDevational Ellipse

WNV + Geographic Distribution2008 2009 2010

2011 2012Legend

WNV+ Birds

Year

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Mean Center

Median Center

StandardDevational Ellipse

3/4/2014


SPA 6 – Demographics (Census 1990)

SPA 6 – Demographics (Census 2010)

3/4/2014


MLK, Jr. PHC – Demographics (Census 1990)

MLK, Jr. PHC– Demographics (Census 2010)

Web GIS Application

56

3/4/2014


DPH GIS Map Viewer

http://gis.lacounty.gov/dph

• Internet application

– Open to the public

• Interactive experience

• Latitude Geographics

– Geocortex Essentials

– Geocortex Viewer for Silverlight (v. 1.2)

57

LA County Health View

• Under development

• Added tools

• New/Updated data

• Latitude Geographics

– Geocortex Essentials

– Geocortex Viewer for Silverlight (v. 1.9)

• HTML5 Viewer (TBD)iOS/Android compatible

58

59

3/4/2014


60

61

62

3/4/2014


63

Corona Virus

VB

65

Experience using geographic information systems (GIS) software to create thematic maps and conduct spatial analysis.

3/4/2014


Career Options

66

**New** GIS Job Series – Not Public yet

67

Recommended GIS Books

68

3/4/2014


GIS Classes, Degrees and Certificate Programs

69http://www.esri.com/what‐is‐gis/learn‐gis

70

http://mappingideas.sdsu.edu/geotech/

Think Spatially!

Douglas Morales, [email protected]

213‐989‐7223

http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/

https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=273605976 71

geographic information systems (gis) use in › epi › faculty › detels › epi220 ›...

Documents