geog5839.06, the principle of cross dating
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Source: Baillie (1982)
September 20
The principle of cross-dating
![Page 2: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
GEOG5839FROM LIMITS TO PATTERNS
![Page 3: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
h!p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li!le/
![Page 4: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
xx
x
Isolated populations
Extinct populations
MAIN RANGE DISCONTINUOUS RANGE
TEMPORARYPOPULATIONS
Individual adults (not reproducing)
**
*
**
* *
![Page 5: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
h!p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li!le/
![Page 6: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Source: Elroy
![Page 7: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Source: Bryant Olsen
![Page 8: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Source: Phil Camill
![Page 9: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Growth is controlled by the scarcest resource (limiting factor), not the total amount of resources available
LAW MINIMUMTHE OF THE
![Page 10: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Average temperatures are remarkably consistent at treeline locations around the world.
Source: Körner and Paulsen, Journal of Biogeography, 2004
![Page 11: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
temperature water day length
![Page 12: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
h!p://esp.cr.usgs.gov/data/atlas/li!le/
![Page 13: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“COMPLACENT”
![Page 14: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“SENSITIVE”
![Page 15: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Weather and climate act to synchronize growth rates at the level of the cell, the tree, the forest and beyond.
![Page 16: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RINGS IN THE BRANCHES OF SAWED TREES SHOW
THE NUMBER OF YEARS AND, ACCORDING TO THEIR
THICKNESS, THE YEARS WHICH WERE
MORE OR LESS
DRY.
“ ”
Leonardo da Vinci
![Page 17: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tree-ring width is not just a function of wet and dry
![Page 18: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Same environmental forcings
Similar growth pa!erns
![Page 22: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
GEOG5839CHRONOLOGY
![Page 23: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
THE PRINCIPLE OF CROSS-DATING
Matching pa!erns in tree-ring widths or other ring characteristics (such as ring density) among several trees allow the identification of the exact year in which each ring was formed.
![Page 24: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Photograph: Dan Gri"n
![Page 26: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3Di!erent approaches
![Page 29: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
T H E ‘ L I S T ’ M E T H O D
![Page 30: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1900 1910 1920 1930
Two Douglas-fir cores from Eldorado Canyon, CO
Source: Je# Lukas, INSTAAR
THE PRINCIPLE OF CROSS-DATING
![Page 31: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
S K E L E T O N P L O T T I N G
![Page 33: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Compare rings to their neighbors.
![Page 35: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
R I N G M E A S U R E M E N T
![Page 36: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Source: Hughes and Brown, 1992
![Page 37: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
GEOG5839PROBLEMS WITH DATING
![Page 39: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Why can’t you just count the rings back in time?
![Page 40: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
COMPLICATION #1
“Micro” rings
![Page 41: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Source: Peter Brown
Ponderosa pinePinus ponderosa
![Page 42: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
COMPLICATION #2
Partial rings
![Page 43: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Limber pinePinus flexilis
![Page 44: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
COMPLICATION #3
Missing rings
![Page 45: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Picture not available.
![Page 46: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
A “missing ring” is a term used to describe the phenomenon where a tree does not form wood around its trunk during a single growing season.
AT THE POSITION WHERE THE TREE-RING SAMPLE
WAS COLLECTED!
![Page 47: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
COMPLICATION #4
False rings
![Page 48: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Source: Peter Brown
Ponderosa pinePinus ponderosa
![Page 49: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Source: Peter Brown
Arizona cypressCupressus arizonica
![Page 50: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Falsering boundary
Annualring boundary
gradual
sharp
![Page 51: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Why can’t you just count the rings back in time?
![Page 52: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
GEOG5839PUZZLES IN TIME
![Page 53: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Widespread drought caused narrow rings to form across the southwest USA during 1748 and 1750.
Source: Kurt Kipfmueller
![Page 55: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
COMPLICATION #5
No outer date
![Page 57: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) is a common tree along rivers in Minnesota and the upper Midwest.Select trees of this species can live for up to 450 years.
![Page 58: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Photo: Erik Nielsen
![Page 60: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
68Photo: Erik Nielsen
![Page 61: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
69
![Page 62: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
What kind of trees have rings that can be dated?
• They have distinct and detectable rings.
• Their rings must be reliably annual.
• The formation of their rings must be sensitive to environmental conditions.
• That sensitivity must cause the rings to vary from year to year.
• Several trees must share common pa!erns in tree-ring width, wood density or some other wood variable.
![Page 64: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
‘Complacent’
![Page 67: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
‘Complacent’ tree-ring series: • exhibit very li!le year-to-year variation. • grow in se!ings where the limiting growth
factor doesn’t change much.• are tough to cross-date.
![Page 68: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Tucson AZ
![Page 69: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
‘Sensitive’
![Page 72: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
‘Complacent’ tree-ring series: • exhibit very li!le year-to-year variation. • grow in se!ings where the limiting growth
factor doesn’t change much.• are tough to cross-date.
‘Sensitive’ tree-ring series: • have wide and narrow rings that are
intermixed through time.• Found in environments where the limiting
factor is highly variable year to year• Matching ring pa!erns across trees is
easier.
![Page 73: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Source: Baillie (1982)
September 20
The principle of cross-dating
![Page 74: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: GEOG5839.06, The principle of cross dating](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110306/554eec07b4c905d51b8b53f4/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
GEOG8280NEXT CLASS