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Created By

● A Panggo Wahyu P 

● Ahmad Tohir S 

● I Nyoman Giri S 

● Yulianus Prasetyo

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF 

YOS SUDARSO METRO

2010-2011

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 Daftar isi :

1. Recount 

2. Report 

3. Analitical Exposition4. News Item

5. Anecdote

6. Procedure

7. Discription

8. Hotatory Exposition

9. Narrative

10. Explanation11. Discussion

12. Review 

13. Commentary

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 RECOUNT TEXT 

Recount text is a recount is a text which list and describe past experiences

 by retelling events in the order in which they happened (chronological order). The

  purpose of the Recounts text is to retell events with the purpose of either 

informing or entertaining their audience (or both).

Example :

Earthquake

I was driving along the coast road when the car suddenly lurched to one side. At

first, I thought a tyre had gone but then I saw telegraph pholes collapsing like

mathcsticks. The rocks came tumbling across the road and I had to abandon the

car. When I got back to the town, well, as I said, there wasn’t much left.

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 REPORT TEXT 

Definition of Report

Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a

result of systematic observation and analysis

Generic Structure of Report

1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal,

 public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general

2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part

, customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

Language Feature of Report

• Introducing group or general aspect

• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc

• Using simple present tense

Komodo Dragon

Do you know what is the largest lizard? This lizard is called komodo. It lives in

the scrub and woodland of a few Indonesian islands.

Komodo dragon is the world's heaviest lizard, weighing 150 pounds or more. The

largest Komodo ever measured was more than 10 feet (3 meters) long andweighed 366 pounds (166 kg) but the average size of komodo in the wild is about

8 feet (2.5 meters) long and 200 pounds (91 kg)

Komodo has gray scaly skin, a pointed snout, powerful limbs and a muscular tail.

They use their keen sense of smell to locate decaying animal remains from several

miles away. They also hunt other lizards as well as large mammals and are

sometimes cannibalistic.

The Komodo dragon's teeth are almost completely covered by its gums. When it

feeds, the gums bleed, creating an ideal culture for virulent bacteria. The bacteria

that live in the Komodo dragon's saliva causes septicemia, or blood poisoning, in

its victims. A dragon will bite its prey, then follow it until the animal is too weak 

to carry on.

This lizard species is threatened by hunting, loss of prey species and habitat loss.

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 ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT 

Definition of Analytical ExpositionExposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon

surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important

matter.

Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition

1. Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s position

2. Arguments: Explaining the arguments to support the writer’s position

3. Reiteration: Restating the writer’s position

Language Features of Analytical Exposition

• Using relational process

• Using internal conjunction

• Using causal conjunction

• Using Simple Present Tense

Jakarta as a Bad Working Place for Expatriates

Jakarta is the second-worst place for expatriates to work in outside of the United

States of America, Canada and Western Europe. It is according to a recent report

 published by Businessweek.The Businessweek report ranked emerging markets

that might be challenging to move into due to their level of pollution, disease,

 political violence and availability of good and services.The report ranked Jakarta

second, just below lagos in Nageria and above Riyadh Saudi Arabia, saying the

threat of violence from extremest, in particular, was serious drawback to living in

Jakarta. Bombings targeting foreign interests in Jakarta, such as the JW Marriot

hotel bombing in 2003, have been repeated elsewhere in the city.The report said

despite problem common to many developing cities such as the risk of disease,

 poor sanitation, and excessive pollution, Indonesia can be an enticing location.In

response, the Jakarta administration took the report positively, saying it could spur 

the administration to improve its performance.

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 NEWS ITEM TEXT 

1. Definition of News Item: News item is a text which informs readers aboutevents of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

2. Generic Structure of News Item:

1. Newsworthy event

2. Background Events

3. Source

3. Language Feature of News Item

1. Using Action Verbs

2. Using Saying Verbs

3. Using Passive Sentence

4. Examples and structures of the text:

Town Contaminated

Newsworthy events: Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of 

another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an

entire town.

Background Events:Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to

 people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of 

shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock.

The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread

radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up byofficials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of 

the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear 

explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600

tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Source:Sources A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst

accident in the history of the Soviet Navy. 

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 ANECDOTE TEXT 

Definition and Social Function of Anecdote

Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Anecdote

1. Abstract

2. Orientation

3. Crisis

4. Reaction

5. Coda

  Language Feature of Anecdote

1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it's wonderful!, etc2. Using imperative; listen to this

3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?

4. Using action verb; go, write, etc

5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward

6. Using simple past tense

Snake in the Bath

Abstract How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!

Orientation We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so

long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we would clean

the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.Crisis Suddenly to my horror, a snake’s head appeared in the plug-hole. Then out

slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery

 bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.

Incident For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I yelled for my

husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a

 broom. Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole

 business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she’d probably have leant over 

the bath to get a better look!

Coda Ever since then I’ve always put the plug in firmly before running the bath

water.

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 PROCEDURE 

A term (or research) paper is primarily a record of intelligent reading in several

sources on a particular subject. The task of writing such is not as

formidable as it seems if it is thought out in advance as a definite

 procedure with systematic perpetration.

The procedure for writing such a report consists of the following steps:

1. Choosing a subject

2. Finding sources of materials

3. Gathering the notes

4. Outlining the paper 

5. Writing the first draft6. Editing the paper 

 Now let's look at each of them.

CHOOSING A SUBJECT

Most good papers are built around questions. You can find subjects in any

textbook. Simply take some part of the text that interest you and examine it

carefully. Ask yourself the following things about it to see if you can locate a

question to answer in your paper. Does it tell you all you might wish to learnabout the subject? Are you sure it is accurate? Does the author make any

assumptions that need examining? Can two of the more interesting sections in the

text be shown to be interrelated in some useful way? Your paper is an attempt to

write a well-organized answer to whatever question you decide upon, using facts

for the purpose of proving (or at least supporting) your contention.

The most common error made by students in choosing a subject for a term paper 

is to choose one that is too general. (The most specific subject will always have

enough aspects to furnish a long paper, if you think about it for a while.)

 DESCRIPTION 

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Description is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as modes of discourse),

along with exposition, argumentation, and narration. Each of the rhetorical modesis present in a variety of forms and each has its own purpose and conventions.

Description is also the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a mental image of the

 particulars of a story.

Contents

[hide]

• 1 Description as a rhetorical mode

o 1.1 Examples of description writing

• 2 Description as a fiction-writing mode

• 3 Purple prose

• 4 Physics

• 5 References

• 6 See also

• 7 External links

• 8 References

 [ edit  ] Description as a rhetorical mode

The purpose of description is to re-create or visually present a person, place,

event, or action so that the reader may picture that which is being described.

Descriptive writing may be found in the other rhetorical modes.

[edit] Examples of description writing

• Journal writing

• Poetry

 [ edit  ] Description as a fiction-writing mode

Fiction is a form of  narrative, one of the four  rhetorical modes of discourse.

Fiction-writing also has distinct forms of expression, or modes, each with its own

 purposes and conventions. Agent and author Evan Marshall identifies five fiction-

writing modes: action, summary, dialogue, feelings/thoughts, and background

(Marshall 1988, pp. 143-165). Author and writing-instructor  Jessica Page Morrell 

lists six delivery modes for fiction-writing: action, exposition, description,

dialogue, summary, and transition (Morrell 2006, p. 127). Author Peter Selgin

refers to methods, including action, dialogue, thoughts, summary, scene, and

description (Selgin 2007, p. 38). Currently, there is no consensus within the

writing community regarding the number and composition of  fiction-writing 

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modes and their uses. [1] Description is the fiction-writing mode for transmitting a

mental image of the particulars of a story. Together with dialogue, narration,

exposition, and summarization, description is one of the most widely recognized

of the fiction-writing modes. As stated in Writing from A to Z , edited by Kirk 

Polking, description is more than the amassing of details; it is bringing somethingto life by carefully choosing and arranging words and phrases to produce the

desired effect. (Polking, p. 106) The most appropriate and effective techniques for 

 presenting description are a matter of ongoing discussion among writers and

writing coaches. [2]

 HORTATORY EXPOSITION 

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A Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to

explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be

done. To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some argumentsas the fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can

 be called as argumentation. Hortatory exposition text can be found in scientific

 books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures,

research report etc. Hortatory expositions are popular among science, academic

community and educated people. The generic structure of Hortatory exposition

usually has three components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3)

Recommendation.

A.Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition

1. Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern2. Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation

3. Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done

 based on the given arguments

B.Generic Features of Hortatory Exposition

1.A Hortatory exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants,

except for speaker or writer referring to self.

2.It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or 

feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.

3.It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. ….has

 polluted… etc.

4.It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.

5.Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments:

Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.

 Now read this text of Hortatory Exposition!

A Campaign of the Importance of Reading

Thesis:

Reading habit is poor among Indonesians because most people haven’t realized

the importance of reading

Argument 1

Reading is important to transform knowledge and technology. By reading, one

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knows the world. He or she will understand what he doesn’t see by himself or 

herself. The lines of the paragraphs in an article contain pieces of knowledge. The

knowledge is needed to improve the quality of human’s life. Technology

transformation from other country can only be done by reading a lot various

sources of literature. Valuable books in libraries and bookstores mean nothing if they are not read.

Argument 2

Realizing the importance of reading will make someone motivated to read. When

we know that something is very important because it can give us valuable

information, we will try to get or do the thing. For example, a businessman who

always follows latest information or news, will know what to do in his/ her 

 business. He will make a good decision to make a transaction. Most people in all

developed countries have realized the importance or reading and they have good

reading habits. In bus and train stations, vehicles, waiting rooms, parks, peoplelike reading. They enjoy reading which gives them valuable knowledge and

inspiration.

Argument 3

A good understanding toward the importance of reading can be achieved by well

organized and effective campaign. To plant an understanding in a generation’s

minds is not an easy job. It needs a hard work from all components of the nation,

especially the government. A serious campaign which is organized by the central

and local government can help common people wake up and stand to face the real

competition. The campaign can be done through various kinds of mass media

such as TV, radio, booklets, bulletins, newspapers, magazines. It can also be

conducted by teachers, parents and all people who care.

Recommendation

Therefore, a nation-wide effective campaign of the importance of reading by all

components of the nation should be done, facilitated by the government, to face

the tighter competition. The world has forced globalization. Those people with

little knowledge will be left behind. To speed up the better change in this country,

a good reading habit is really important.Written by Cahyono KD

 NARRATIVE 

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 Narrative Text adalah teks yang berisi tentang sebuah cerita atau dongeng (bisa

 berupa cerita rakyat ( folktale), cerita binatang ( fable), Legenda (legend ), cerita

 pendek, dll). Di dalamnya terdapat konflik/puncak masalah yang diikuti dengan

 penyelesaian. Fungsi utama teks ini adalah untuk menghibur pembaca.

 

Generic Structure:

Orientation - Complication - Evaluation (optional) – Resolution

 

Orientation:

 berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan

dan dimana)

Complication:

Berisi puncak masalah/konflik dalam cerita. Sebuah cerita boleh memiliki

complication lebih dari satu

Evaluation:

ini merupakan optional (boleh ada boleh tidak), biasanya dipakai untuk membuat

 jalan cerita lebih menarik.

Resolution:

Pemecahan masalah. Bisa berakhir dengan kegembiraan (happy ending) bisa pula

 berakhir dengan kesedihan (sad ending).

 EXPLANATION Text 

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Explanation text is written to explain how or why something happens, eg how

river valleys are formed or why the Romans built roads. Typically such text

consists of a description of the phenomenon and an explanatory sequence. The

writer will normally need to use connectives expressing cause and effect (eg so,therefore, as a result) and time (eg la…

Social Function: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working

of natural or sociocultural phenomena.

Generic Structure

• A general statement to position the reader 

• A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features

• Focus on generic, non-human Participants

• Use mainly of Material Processes and Relational Processes

• Use mainly of Temporal and causal Circumstances and Conjunctions

Tsunami

The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbour ("tsu") and

wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a

sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.

A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically

displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust

can occur at plate boundaries.

Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunami, and

occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.

As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its

equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.

Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge

mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps risingfast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.

 DISCUSSION 

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Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas. It is

important to to get the understanding between the two differences. In many social

activities, discussion is the effective way to calm down any friction and differencein thought, perception and recommendation.

Social Function

To present (at least) two points of view about an issue.

Generic Structure

1. Issue:

• Statement• Preview

2. Arguments for against or statement of differing points of view:

• Point

• Elaboration

3. Conclusion or recommendation

Significant Lexicogrammatical Features

1. Focus on generic human and generic non-human Participants

2. Use of:

• Material Processes, e.g. has produced, have developed, to feed

• Relational Processes, e.g., is, could have, cause are

• Mental Processes, e.g., feel.

3. Use of Comparative, contrastive and Consequential conjunctions

4. Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns (abstraction).

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

 Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various

 part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at

Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.

Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear 

 power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge

amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil

fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.

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It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the

greenhouse effect.

It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.

It produces small amount of waste.

It is reliable.On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up

and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore,

although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does

go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.

People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power 

was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

 REVIEW 

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A review is an evaluation of a publication, such as a movie (a movie review),

video game, musical composition (music review of a composition or recording),

book (book review); a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, orcomputer; or an event or performance, such as a live music concert,a play,

musical theater show or dance show. In addition to a critical evaluation, the

review's author may assign the work a rating to indicate its relative merit. More

loosely, an author may review current events, trends, or items in the news. A

compilation of reviews may itself be called a review.

Online Shopping Software

Internet makes great impacts on the way we do something, including running

 business. Formerly, business had to be physically conducted by face to face. Now

days, it has changed. It may be conducted by computer to computer. This way is

then what we call electronic commerce, or in short e-commerce.Since internet has spreaded and appeared trustful, many businessmen rely on it.

They have ability to run their business in easy way, flexible place and time. They

can sell and buy good and service from others in any scale, small or big business.

The e-commerce software which merchants and buyer possibly do transactions

through internet is shopping software. It is designed specially to run online store

  business. It helps merchants to manage their store through internet; from any

where, any time and any internet connection. Commonly shopping cart software is

completely supported with web optimization. It has been designed to have top

 page rank in any search engine tool. Besides that, the facilities such; customer 

support, security tool, fraud protection, web customization and handful operation

will be included in a package of a good shopping cart software.

COMMENTARY 

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Commentary is defined by The American Century Dictionary as "1) [a]

descriptive account of an event or performance as it happens or 2) explanatory

notes". Although when I use the word commentary, I mean written comments

about the paper by a teacher, tutor, or Writing Fellow to help create a better writer 

(and hopefully better writing as well); both of the definitions presented in thedictionary help to explain commentary. Writing is an on-going process, usually

stopped only by a deadline. Commentary, especially from a Fellow or tutor, is a

"descriptive account" of where the reader is in the writing "as it happens".

Commentary can also be explanatory notes; commentary explains where the

reader (i.e. tutor, Fellow, or teacher) became confused or required more proof to

convince him or her.

Commentary is more that scribbled notes in red pen or a note at the end of a paper 

written by a teacher to prove he or she read the whole paper. Commentary is a

dialogue with the reader on paper. There are two types of commentary (directive 

and facilitative) as well as many ways to approach writing commentary. With

time and practice your own style will develop; however, this website will giveexplanations about commentary, including: definition and example of end 

comments,  examples of commentary,  reflections on commentary, my

personal struggles with commentary, dos and don'ts of commentary, and

commentary techniques. This site will also refer you to other sources to learn

more about commentary and the theory surrounding it.

Commentary on Craig left Robsmacked

Due to my strong interest in music and knowledge of teenage music magazines, I

decided to write my article about the recent Brit Awards, with the intention of 

informing an audience of 12 – 15 year old girls.

I decided that my first draft was too long and so readers would lose interest. I

shortened it and included pictures to make it more appealing to the reader.The

short, striking headline “Craig left Robsmacked” is fun and flatters the audience

as it uses inside knowledge. It appeals to the reader, who is likely to know that

Craig David didn’t win anything while Robbie Williams won three awards. If the

reader was not aware of this, however, it is explained in the sub-heading “Sing

when you’re winning” and Craig David’s single “Walking Away”. I included

these as readers would be able to relate to it as they are likely to be fans.There is a

close, friendly relationship between reader and writer, largely due to the informal,

colloquial and often non-standard lexis

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