genetics
DESCRIPTION
Genetics. the study of inheritance. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVk0twJYL6Y&feature=related. There are 2 types of cell division:. Mitosis- growth and repair involved in cells replicating themselves and all of their DNA into exact copies of original cells - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Geneticsthe study of
inheritancehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVk0twJYL6Y&feature=related
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There are 2 types of cell division:● Mitosis- growth and repair involved in cells
replicating themselves and all of their DNA into exact copies of original cells
● Meiosis- sexual reproduction combining sperm & egg to produce an new and original organism that has half of it’s DNA from each parent into a original and unique combination of traits
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Gregor Mendel
• Father of Genetics• Austrian monk• discovered heredity
principles• studied pea plants
http://science.discovery.com/tv-shows/greatest-discoveries/videos/100-greatest-discoveries-shorts-genetics.htm
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What Is Heredity?
Crossing Pea PlantsMendel devised a way to cross-pollinate pea plants.
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Common traits Mendel identified in Pea Plants:
• seed shape- round vs. wrinkled • seed color-yellow vs. green• pod shape-pinched vs. smooth• pod color-green vs. yellow• flower color-purple vs. white• flower position-top of stem vs. side of stem• stem height- tall vs. short
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Alleles in Pea PlantsMendel studied the inheritance of seven different traits in pea plants.
What Is Heredity?
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Results of a CrossIn Mendel’s crosses, some forms of a trait were hidden in one generation but reappeared in the next. What was surprising about the offspring in the F2 generation?
What Is Heredity?
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Vocabulary/Term List
• asexual reproduction• sexual reproduction• heredity• trait• genetics• purebred• parental P1 generation• First filial F1 generation• Second filial F2 generation• offspring• gene • allele• dominant • recessive • hybrid• probability• Punnett square• phenotype• genotype• homozygous• heterozygous
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Sample Crosses
If a purebred tall pea plant with was cross pollinated with a purebred short pea plant describe it's offspring:
Parent (P) Generation-
First Filial (F1) Generation-
Second Filial (F2) Generation-
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Sample Crosses Part 2
If a purebred pea plant with purple flowers was cross pollinated with a purebred pea plant with white flowers describe it's offspring in each:
Parent (P) Generation-
First Filial (F1) Generation-
Second Filial (F2) Generation-
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Sample Crosses Part 3
If a purebred pea plant with wrinkled seeds was cross pollinated with a purebred pea plant with round seeds describe it's offspring in each:
Parent (P) Generation-
First Filial (F1) Generation-
Second Filial (F2) Generation-
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A GREAT visual representation!http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/genetics/mendels-experiments.html
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How to Make a Punnett Square What are the steps in using a Punnett Square to find the probabilities of a genetic cross?
Probability and Heredity
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Describing InheritanceAn organism’s phenotype is its physical appearance. Its genotype is its genetic makeup. Complete the missing information in the table.
Probability and Heredity
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Punnett squares
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Punnett Square-draw, label & complete
Y
Y
y y
A homozygous pea plant with yellow seeds is crossed with a homozygous pea plant with green seeds.
Describe the results in: percentages, ratios and fractions & use the terms heterozygous and homozygous in your resultsPhenotypes of each plant:Genotype of each plant
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Punnett Square- Draw, label & complete
Y
y
Y y
Describe the results in: percentages, ratios and fractions & use the terms heterozygous and homozygous in your resultsPhenotypes of each plant:Genotype of each plant
A heterozygous pea plant is crossed with another heterozygous pea plant with both with yellow seeds.
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Punnett Square Practice:For each sample question fill in the Punnett square and describe the offspring in the F1 generation. Include:· Genotypes (Percentages, ratios, fractions of alleles)· Phenotypes (Percentages, ratios, fractions of each physical appearance)
Sample #1: In Guinea pigs black fur color is dominant over white fur color. Suppose a homozygous black male guinea pig mated with a heterozygous black female guinea pig.
(P) Parent Alleles:F1 Generation:
Sample #2: In Guinea pigs Smooth fur is dominant over Cow licked fur. Suppose a heterozygous smooth male guinea pig mated with a homozygous cow licked female guinea pig.
(P) Parent Alleles: F1 Generation:
Sample #3: In Guinea pigs Solid fur color is dominant over Calico fur color. Suppose a homozygous Solid male guinea pig mated with a Calico female guinea pig.
(P) Parent Alleles:F1 Generation:
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Dihybrid crossesSample #4: In Guinea pigs Black fur color is dominant over White fur color & Solid fur color is dominant over Calico fur color. Suppose a homozygous Solid black male guinea pig mated with a heterozygous Calico black female guinea pig. What would the offspring be like?(P) Parent Alleles:F1 Generation:
Sample #5: In Guinea pigs Smooth fur is dominant over Cow licked fur and Black fur color is dominant over white fur color. Suppose a heterozygous Black & Smooth haired Male mated with a White & Cow licked haired female guinea pig. What would the offspring be like?(P) Parent Alleles:F1 Generation:
Sample #6: In Guinea pigs Black fur color is dominant over White fur color & Solid fur color is dominant over Calico fur color. Suppose a heterozygous Solid black male guinea pig mated with a homozygous Calico black female guinea pig. What would the offspring be like?
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DiHYbrid Crosses
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/problem_sets/dihybrid_cross/03t.html
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Vocabulary/Terms List Part 2:• Mendel’s experiments with pea plants led to an
understanding of how traits are controlled by genes. However, some traits are not controlled by genes with only 2 possible alleles.
• There are 4 other complex patterns of inheritance: Give an explanation of each below: Include examples!!!o Incomplete dominance-o Codominance-o Multiple alleles-o Polygenic inheritance-
Define: Meiosis-
What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?
Compare and Contrast the processes of Mitosis and Meiosis: be sure to include when/what each is used for and in what types of cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGVBAHAsjJM
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BlingwingsAn imaginary insect called the blingwing has three alleles for wing color: R (red), B (blue), and Y (yellow).
1. What are the 6 possible allele pairs that can be inherited?
2. Suppose the 3 alleles are codominant, what wing color would each pair of alleles produce?
Patterns of Inheritance
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Nature:DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
• Genes make you who you are.
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Genes hold the key to heredity
• A gene is a short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for how to make one (or more) proteins.
• Each protein carries out a specific function within our body.
MS, HS – LS3A
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Chromosomes and Inheritance
Paired UpSutton studied grasshopper cells through a microscope. He concluded that genes are carried on chromosomes.
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A Pair of ChromosomesChromosomes in a pair may have different alleles for some genes and the same alleles for others. Is the organism homozygous or heterozygous?
Chromosomes and Inheritance
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Chromosomes and InheritanceMeiosisDuring meiosis, a cell produces sex cells with half the number of chromosomes. The correct number is restored when sperm and eggs combine!