bio- genetics - genetics homework pack

8/10/2019 Bio- Genetics - Genetics Homework Pack

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Name: ____________________________________

Genetics Homework Pack Vocabulary

1. gamete2. probability3. Punnett square

4. homozygous5. heterozygous6. phenotype7. genotype8. test cross9. incomplete ominance1!. co ominance11. multiple alleles12. monohybri cross13. ihybri cross"#$%14. locus

15. carrier 16. polygenic traits "#$%17. &aryotype18. se' chromosome19. autosome2!. pe igree21. ( 1 generation22. ( 2 generation23. se')lin&e gene24. non is*unction25. gene mutation

26. homologous27. iploi28. haploi29. gametes3!. meiosis31. crossing)o+er32. here ity33. genetics34. ,ertilization35. trait36. hybri37. gene38. allele39. ominant4!. recessi+e41. segregation42. -n epen ent assortment "#$%43. $in&age group "#$%44. /0 pro,iling45. el electrophoresis46. Polymerase chain reaction "P %


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47. genome48. restriction enzyme49. restriction ,ragment5!. plasmi51. +ector 52. ligation53. gene therapy54. recombinant /055. clone56.

Basics

1. The following pairs of letters represent alleles of di erent genotypes. Indicate whichpairs are Heterozygous and which are Homozygous . Also indicate whether thehomozygous pairs are Dominant or Recessive ( note heterozygous pairs don!t needeither dominant nor recessi"e la#els.$

A. %% homozygous, dominant %. ss ______________________ &. %d _ heterozygous______ '. y ______________________ ). dd __________________ *. ++ ____________________

,. In humans- #rown eye color (&$- is dominant o"er #lue eye color (#$. +hat are thephenotypes of the following genotypes

A. && ________________________ &. ## ________________________ ). ________________________

Monohybrid Crosses with Complete Dominance

3. A heterozygous smooth pea pod plant is crossed with a wrinkled pea podplant. There are two alleles for pea pod, smooth and wrinkled. Use R for seed texture.Predict the ofspring rom this cross.

a. +hat is the genotype of the parents ________

#. /et up a 0unnett s uare with possi#le gametes.

c. *ill in the 0unnett s uare for the resultant o spring.

d. +hat is the predicted genotypic ratio for the o spring ___________________

e. +hat is the predicted phenotypic ratio for the o spring __________________

f. If this cross produced 23 seeds how many would you predict to ha"e a wrin4ledpod ______


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!. "n humans# achondroplasia $dwar%sm& 'D( is dominant over normal 'd(. Ahomozygous dominant 'DD( person dies )e ore the age o one. A heterozygous'Dd( person is dwar ed. A homozygous recessive individual is normal. Aheterozygous dwar man marries a heterozygous dwar woman*

a. +hat is the pro#a#ility of ha"ing a normal child ++++++++++++++

#. +hat is the pro#a#ility that the ne5t child will also #e normal __________

c. +hat is the pro#a#ility of ha"ing a child that is a dwarf __________

d. +hat is the pro#a#ility of ha"ing a child that dies at one from this disorder

__________

,. "n humans# ree earlo)es '-( is dominant over attached earlo)es ' (. " oneparent is homozygous dominant or ree earlo)es# while the other hasattached earlo)es# can they produce any children with attached earlo)es

/. "n humans widow0s peak '1( is dominant over straight hairline 'w(. Aheterozygous man or this trait marries a woman who is also heterozygous.

a. 6ist possi#le genotypes of their o spring.

_____________________________________

#. 6ist the phenotypic ratio for their children. ___________________ _________________

1orking 2ackwards 4est 5ross/ome times we only 4now a#out the o spring and we want to learn a#out the parents. Ifyou ha"e #een paying attention- you should ha"e started to notice a pattern. ou #egin#y listing the 4nown genotype of the o spring (usually the recessi"e trait #ecause you


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should 4now those letters$. 7eep in mind that one letter (allele$ came from each parent.8emem#er that your prediction for the parent!s genotypemust also wor4 with any

gi"en phenotypic information (i.e. the letters should #e a#le to match the physicalappearance of the parent$.

+hen an organism has the dominant phenotype- then its genotype can #e eitherheterozygous or homozygous dominant (you can!t tell #y loo4ing at it$. This type ofpro#lem re uires that we do a test cross using a homozygous- recessi"e organism.67ample8 In Dalmatian dogs, the gene for bla k spots is dominant to the gene for li!er

olored spots. If a breeder has a bla k spotted dog, how an she "nd out whether it ishomozygous or heterozygous spotted dog#

$% & bla k spots and b & li!er spotsIf the breeder "nds a bla k spotted dog, whose an estry is not known, she annot tell bylooking at the dog if it is %% or %b. 'he should "nd a li!er spotted dog, whose genotypemust be (bb) and mate it with the bla k spotted dog in *uestion.+st is the ross of a heterozygous indi!idual

- nd is the ross of a homozygous dominant indi!idual.

If any of the breed o spring has li!er spots, then she an say that she had aheterozygous bla k spotted dog. If all the o spring had bla k spots then she an saythat the suspe t dog was homozygous. /rossing the heterozygous o spring to see if there essi!e trait shows up in the next generation as indi ated with the "rst 0unnett s*uare

ould rea1rm this.

1orking 2ackwards94est 5rosses

9. In pea plants- yellow seeds ( $ are dominant and green seeds (y$ are recessi"e. A peaplant with yellow seeds is crossed with a pea plant with green seeds. The resultingo spring ha"e a#out e ual num#ers of yellow and green seeded plants. +hat are thegenotypes of the parents

. In another cross- a yellow seeded plant was crossed with another yellow seeded plantand it produced o spring of which a#out ,2; were green seeded plants.+hat are the genotypes of #oth parents


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. In humans straight hair (@ / @/ $ and curly hair (@ ) @) $ are incompletely dominant- thatresult in hy#rids who ha"e wa"y hair (@ / @) $. )ross a curly hair female with a wa"y hairedmale.

a. )omplete a 0unnett s uare for this cross.

#. +hat are the chances of ha"ing a curly haired child

________________________________________


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c. +hat genotype(s$ would you need to produce a curly haired child

_______________________________

Codominance

1=.A #lac4 chic4en () &) &$ is crossed with a spec4led chic4en () &) + $.a. /how the 0unnett s uare for the cross.

#. +hat is the predicted genotypic ratio for o spring

________________________________________

c. +hat are the chances of ha"ing a white chic4

________________________________________

Codominance & Multiple Alleles

12. @uman #lood types:a. +hat possi#le genotypes will produce & type of #lood ____________________

#. +hat is the only genotype that will produce type of #lood __________

c. +hat is the only genotype that will produce A& type of #lood __________

1B. ou are #lood type and you marry a person with #lood type A&.a. )omplete a 0unnett s uare for this cross.

#. 6ist the possi#le #lood types (phenotypes$ of your o spring.

____________________________

19. In the 1


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#. The Eudge ruled in fa"or of the mother and ordered )harlie )haplin to pay childsupport costs of the child. +as the Eudge correct in his decision #ased on #loodtyping e"idence '5plain why or why not. $refer to any 0unnett s*uares to support

your answer.

1 . /uppose two new#orn #a#ies were accidentally mi5ed up in the hospital. In an e ortto determine the parents of each #a#y- the #lood types of the #a#ies and the parentswere determined.

&a#y 1 had type Frs. &rown had type & Frs. /mith had type &&a#y , had type A Fr. &rown had type A& Fr. /mith had type &a. %raw 0unnett s uares for each couple (you may need to do more than 1 s uareDcouple$

#. To which parents does #a#y G1 #elong +hy 2int you may want to refer to your 0unnett s*uares.

Sex !in"ed #raits1


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c. '5plain the family relationship that G 1, has with G ,.

,=. '5amine the following pedigree chart of colorH#lindness. In humans- color #lindness iscaused #y a recessive se7=linked allele. n the diagram- la)el the genotypes of theindi"iduals 1H1B.

,2. 6ist the possi#le genotypes of the following hemophilia pedigree chart #elow.Remem)er hemophilia is a se7 linked trait that is caused #y a recessive allele#therefore you must denote the indi"iduals se5 chromosomes as well as the hemophiliaallele (e5: J @J h - J h M.$.


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Genetic 6ngineering and 2iotechnology%NA 0roCling


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0olymerase )hain 8eaction


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el 'lectrophoresis


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Genetic >odi%cation and 5loning

IB Topic 4.4 continued"1% hoose one e'ample o, a genetically mo i,ie crop.

"a% iscuss hat has been change " ,rom here%"b% iscuss potential bene,its"c% iscuss possible harm,ul e,,ects.

"2% hoose one e'ample o, a genetically mo i,ie animal."a% iscuss hat has been change " ,rom here%"b% iscuss potential bene,its"c% iscuss possible harm,ul e,,ects.

"3% "a% e,ine clone "t o meanings%"b% escribe "clearly% ho un i,,erentiate cells can be use to pro uce

clones."c% iscuss ethical issues o, therapeutic human cloning.

"4% $abel the iagram o, ene herapy at the en o, the pac&et.

se,ul :ebsites to the complete the tas&s abo+e an to ans er the ,ollo ing syllabus points.Gene Transfer3.4.10: utline a basic technique ,or gene trans,er in+ol+ing plasmi s; a host cell "bacterium; yeast orother cell%; restriction enzyme "en onuclease% an /0 ligase

http


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http


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Diagram o gene therapy

0 la els to the ri!ht hand dia!ram to ma&e this into a goo e'ample o, gene trans,er

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bio- genetics - genetics homework pack

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