genetic mutations muytatogns?. insertion a mutation in which extra base pairs are inserted into a...

Genetic Mutations Muytatogns?

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Genetic MutationsMuytatogns?

Insertion

• A mutation in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA.

CTGGAGCTGGTGGAAG

Deletion

• A mutation in which a section of DNA (or at least one base) is lost.

CTGGAG

CTAG

Possible Results of Insertions or Deletions? “Frameshifts”

• Since DNA mRNA and mRNA is read in codons (triplets), insertions and deletions can create amino acid sequences that are meaningless.

• Consider the message:

The fat cat ate the hat

hef atc ata tet heh at

Page 5: Genetic Mutations Muytatogns?. Insertion A mutation in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA. CTGGAG CTGGTGGAAG

Substitution

• A mutation that exchanges one base for another.

• Possible Results:– Change in codon change in amino acid.– Change in codon no change in amino acid. “silent mutation”– Change in codon to become a stop codon. “nonsense

mutation”

CTGGAGCTGGGG

Chromosomal Alterations• Can also lead to changes in DNA sequence new traits• Breakage of a chromosome may lead to four types of

changes

Page 7: Genetic Mutations Muytatogns?. Insertion A mutation in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA. CTGGAG CTGGTGGAAG

The boy cut his lip and ate the hot dog

Your tasks:1. Copy the sequence and place a large box around it

2. Using the original sequence, insert two bases anywhere.

Write the resulting message as it would be read.

3. Using the original sequence, delete one base anywhere.

Write the resulting message as it would be read.

3. Using the original sequence, substitute one base to another.

Write the resulting message as it would be read.

Challenge: Write a DNA sequence and create a substitution that would result in a silent mutation.

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