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DNA MUTATIONS MUTATION = _________________ to the genetic material of a living organism Anything that causes a mutation is called a __________________________ ex) Some types of mutations that could occur: Example: Substitution – one base (letter) is substituted for another Normal DNA: T A C A G T C T C C A T A T T Mutated DNA: T A C T G T C T C C A T A T T Protein: Protein Example: Deletion/Addition – one base is left out or added Normal DNA: T A C A G T C T C C A T A T T Mutated DNA: T A C A T C T C C A T A T T Protein: Protein: Notice that in both of the examples above, there is a change in the amino acid sequence and therefore a different protein will be made. This could cause a variety of effects: (1) POSITIVE MUTATIONS a _________________ in DNA that causes the production of a ________ protein, which ___________________ the organism ex) (2) NEGATIVE MUTATIONS a ________________ in DNA that causes the production of a ________ protein, which __________________ the organism ex) (3) NEUTRAL MUTATIONS a change in DNA that does _______ change the _________________ that is produced. Normal DNA: T A C A G T C T C C A T A T T Mutated DNA: T A C A G G C T C C A T A T T Protein: Protein: SICKLE CELL ANEMIA Mutation causes red blood cells to change from their normal round- shape to a sickle shape. The sickle cells block the veins and arteries. As fewer and fewer normal red blood cells are able to pass through the congested blood vessels, the tissue and cells become starved for oxygen and other nutrients.

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Page 1: DNA MUTATIONS · DNA MUTATIONS MUTATION = _____ to the genetic material of a living organism Anything that causes a mutation is called a _____ ex) Some types of mutations that could

DNA MUTATIONS

MUTATION = _________________ to the genetic material of a living organism

Anything that causes a mutation is called a __________________________

ex)

Some types of mutations that could occur:

Example: Substitution – one base (letter) is substituted for another

Normal DNA: T A C A G T C T C C A T A T T Mutated DNA: T A C T G T C T C C A T A T T

Protein: Protein

Example: Deletion/Addition – one base is left out or added

Normal DNA: T A C A G T C T C C A T A T T Mutated DNA: T A C A T C T C C A T A T T

Protein: Protein:

Notice that in both of the examples above, there is a change in the amino acid sequence and therefore a different protein will be made. This could cause a variety of effects:

(1) POSITIVE MUTATIONS

a _________________ in DNA that causes the production of a ________ protein, which

___________________ the organism

ex)

(2) NEGATIVE MUTATIONS

a ________________ in DNA that causes the production of a ________ protein, which

__________________ the organism

ex)

(3) NEUTRAL MUTATIONS

a change in DNA that does _______ change the _________________ that is produced.

Normal DNA: T A C A G T C T C C A T A T T Mutated DNA: T A C A G G C T C C A T A T T

Protein: Protein:

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

Mutation causes red blood cells to change from their normal round-shape to a sickle shape. The sickle cells block the veins and arteries. As fewer and fewer normal red blood cells are able to pass through the congested blood vessels, the tissue and cells become starved for oxygen and other nutrients.

Page 2: DNA MUTATIONS · DNA MUTATIONS MUTATION = _____ to the genetic material of a living organism Anything that causes a mutation is called a _____ ex) Some types of mutations that could

Practice:

1. The following DNA sequence is a gene that codes to make a particular protein in your cells. Separate the sequence into groups of 3.

C A T G C C T G A C G T C T G A T G C C A

2. The DNA sequences below each contain a different mutation. Separate each sequence into groups of 3 and determine whether each is an example of a substitution, a deletion, or an addition of a base. Write this in the space to the right of each sequence.

a. C A T G C C T G A C C T C T G A T G C C A _______________

b. C A T G C C T G A C G T C T G A G C C A _______________

c. C A T G C C T G A C G T C TG A T G G C C A _______________

3. Label above where you think each mutation occurred and write in what happened.

4. a) Complete the amino acid sequence (protein) below for both the normal and mutated DNA sequence.

Normal DNA: T A C G C T C T T C G T A A A Mutated DNA: T A C G C T C T T C G C A A A

Protein: Protein:

b) Will this mutation have a damaging effect on the cell? Explain.

5. Which type of gene mutation do you think would be the most damaging to cells? Explain.


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