GENERAL AGRICULTURE and CURRENT AFFAIRS-2013

For ICAR - JRF, SRF, ARS-NET, IARI-Ph.D, BHU entrance exams

Compiled and Prepared by:

Mr. Jaba Jagdish, Ph.D. Scholar (Entomology)

Mr. Srinivasraghavan, Ph.D. Scholar (Plant pathology)

G.B.P.U.A & T- Pantnagar, Uttarakhand

PART- I: AGRICULTURE

1. WORLD AGRICULTURAL SCENARIO (FAO, 2008-09)

RICE: CHINA > INDIA > INDONESIA

MAIZE: USA >CHINA >BRAZIL

WHEAT: CHINA > INDIA >USA

GROUNDNUT: CHINA > INDIA>NIGERIA

SUGARCANE: BRAZIL > INDIA>CHINA

TOTAL CEREALS: CHINA > USA > INDIA

COARSE CEREALS: USA > CHINA > BRAZIL > INDIA

TOTAL PULSES: INDIA – 1st

MUSTARD & RAPESEED: CHINA > CANADA > INDIA

FRUITS & VEG: CHINA > INDIA

COTTON: CHINA > USA > INDIA

TOBACCO: CHINA > BRAZIL > INDIA

TEA, JUTE & ALLIED FIBRES: INDIA – 1st

COFFEE-INDIA- 6th

CATTLE POPULATION: 1st (16.5%)

BUFFALO POPULATION: 1st (56.7%)

MILK PRODUCTION: 1st (15%)

EGG PRODUCTION: CHINA>USA>JAPAN>INDIA

TOTAL AREA OF INDIA- 329 m ha-2.4% of world-7th

position

TOTAL ARABLE LAND- 162 m ha-2nd

after USA

TOTAL IRRIGATED AREA- 58 m ha-21% OF WORLD-1st position

HUMAN POPULATION- 121CRORE-17% of world-2nd

after CHINA

International comparisons of yield of selected commodities (Metric tons/ha)

Position Rice Wheat Maize Sugarcane

I Egypt UK USA Guatemala

II USA France Italy Cuba

III China Egypt Egypt Australia

2. INDIAN AGRICULTURAL SCENARIO (DACNET, 2012)

Crops Area

(Mha)

Area

(Mha) Production (MT)

Three largest

producing states

(2009-10)

2009-10 2011-12 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 I –II –III

1. Food grains

Total 121 218 241.56 257.50 UP-PB-AP

Cereals 98 204 UP-PB-WB

Pulses 23 15 16.5 17.28 MP-UP-RAJ

Oilseeds 26 26.4 25 27.8 30.52 MP-RAJ-GUJ

Rice 42 89 94 102.75 WB-AP-UP

Wheat 29 81 81 88.31 UP-PB-HAR

Maize 8 17 AP-KA-RAJ

Jowar 8 7 MH-KA-MP

Bajra 9 7 Raj-UP-MH

Bengal gram 8 8.3 7 7.5 MP-MH-RAJ

Red gram 4 4 3 2.65 MH-UP-KA

Coarse cereals - - 40.8 RAJ-KA –MH

2. Commercial Crops

Groundnut 5.4 5.3 6.9 GUJ-AP-TN

Rapeseed and Mustard 5.5 5.9 6.7 RAJ-UP-HAR

Soybean - 10.1 12.1 MP-MH-RAJ

Cotton 10.3 12.1 34.7 35.2 GUJ-MH-AP

Jute and Mesta 0.9 0.9 11.5 WB-BIHAR-ASSAM

Sugarcane (t/ha) 4.2 5.9 334 357.69 UP-MH-TN

Potato (t/ha) - - UP-WB-PUJ

3. Area and production of Horticulture crops (2011-12) 4.

Fruits Area(mha) Production (mt) Vegetables Area (mha) Production (mt)

Mango 2.3 15.7 Potato 1.8 41.3

Apple 0.3 2.2 Onion 1 15.4

Banana 0.7 26.64 Tomato 0.8 17.4

Citrus 0.8 8.5 Brinjal 0.6 11.9

Guava 0.2 2.6 Cabbage 0.3 8.4

Grapes 0.11 2.77 Cauliflower 0.37 7

Pineapple 0.1 1.54 Total Veg 8.8 150.5

Pomegranate 0.1 0.9

Sapota 0.16 1.3

Total fruits 21.2 239.6

5. Area and production of major Horticultural crops (2010-11) and 2011-12 (provisional data)

respectively

Crops Area (mha) Production (mt) Area (mha) Production (mt)

Fruits 6.3 74.8 6.5 75.29

Vegetables 8.5 146.5 8.8 150.5

Spices 2.9 5.3 3.0 5.7

Plantation crops 3.3 12.0 3.3 15.3

Flowers 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.7

Total 21.2 239.6 21.8 248.49

6. Irrigated area (2008-09)

Crop Area (mha) % Irrigated area to the total area

Rice 26.5 58.7

Wheat 25.5 91.3

Maize 2.0 25.2

Sugarcane 4.5 93.7

Cotton 3.3 35.3

Total cereals 56.2 55.9

Oil seeds 8.2 27.1

Total pulses 3.8 16.0

Total food grains 60.0 48.3

Some Important facts about Irrigation in INDIA

Punjab (97.7%)>Haryana (87.2%)>UP (73.2%)

All India (46.3%)

National water award (2007)- Hiware Bazar Gram Panchayat, Ahamadnagar, Maharastra

Area under micro irrigation system in India (2008-09): 3.88 Mha.

Area under drip irrigation in India (2008-09): 1,42 Mha (Highest area Maharastra)

Area under sprinkler in India (2008-09): 2.45 Mha (Highest in Haryana)

Artificial Recharge of Ground Water Advisory Council (ARGWC)- constituted in 2006

Water Year-2007

National Institute of Hydrology- Roorkee, Uttarkhand.

World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, 2009-held at New Delhi

Production and Consumption of Fertilizers (in lakh tonnes)

Fertilizers 2011-12 2012-13 (estimated)

Urea 219.84 223.87

DAP 39.63 37.10

Complex 77.7 79.47

Consumption

NPK 277.39

For India standard ratio for fertilizers has been assumed to be 4: 2: 1.

At present only urea constituting more than 60% of the total fertilizer consumption.

Per hectare consumption of fertilizers is highest in Puducherry accounts for 1126 kg/ha

Per ha consumption (kg) for the year 2011-12: 141.30

Fertilizer consumption states wise (2006-07)

1st

is Punjab – 212 kg/ ha ,

2nd

is Andhra Pradesh – 204 kg/ ha,

3rd

is Tamil Nadu – 184kg/ ha,

4th

is Haryana -170kg/ha

All India average is 113.25 kg/ha.

Lowest fertilizer consumption states are Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim.

U.P has highest total fertilizer consumption

Largest imported fertilizer is potash.

Pesticide consumption 2010-11

1st is Andhra Pradesh (23%), 2

nd Punjab followed MH

Crop- 1st Paddy (25.9%), 2

nd Cotton

32 % of Indian population is under below poverty line-2012

The parameter to group under BPL is

In urban area less than 2100 cal/day

In rural area less than 2400 cal/day

Per capita availability of food grains per day in India (As on 27-07-2009)

Cereals – 374.6 g/day

Pulse - 48 g/day

Rice - 175.4g/day

Wheat - 145.1g/day

Other cereals - 54.1g/day

Gram - 10.6g/day

Food grains – 462.9 g/day-2011

Milk: 263g/day (2009-10)

FAO recommendation of Milk: 279g/day

Per capita availability of fruits & vegetable- 466g/day (2008-09)

3.7% total outlay for the agriculture in 11th

FYP.

Institutional credit flow to agriculture (2009-10):

Commercial banks- 74%

Co-operative banks- 17%

RRBs- 9%

India ranks 1st in

Milk production

Tea production and consumption

Cashew production and export

Mango , Banana, lime, Black pepper, Turmeric

Cauliflower production

Grapes productivity

Horticulture in INDIA

COCONUT: Kerala>Karnataka>TN (area) and Kerala>TN>Karnataka (production)

CASHEW: Kerala>MH>TN (area) and MH>Kerala>AP (production)

TRACTORS: India in 4th

position (highest in UP)

Transgenic crops

Final approval committee on release of transgenic in India – is GEAC(Genetic Engineering Approval

Committee)

Leading countries in transgenic use - USA>Argentina >Canada>Brazil

Leading transgenic crops - Soybean >Maize >Cotton > Canola

Leading traits - Herbicide resistance >Insect resistance > both HR and IR combined

First transgenic developed is Tobacco

First transgenic commercialized is Tomato (Flavr sour), using Anti-sense RNA technology released for

commercial cultivation in 1994 by Calgene (Compony)

Area under transgenic plants in India (2008)-125Mha.

India 4.th position in Transgenic plants cultivation (USA>Mexico>Argentina)

Area under Bt- cotton: 7.5 Mha (2008), 8.4 Mha (2009) and 9.2Mha (2011)

First genetic Engineering company est. Genentech

FAO/WTO:

FAO Established on Oct. 16, 1945 head quarter located at Rome (Italy)

DG of FAO – Jose Graziano Desilva (Brazilian)

International food policy research Institute (Washington)- DG- Shenggen Fan

Oct 16 is called as World Food Day

WTO Established on Jan 1st, 1995

Head quarter of WTO- Geneva. Its DG –Pascal Lamy

India is founder member of WTO

Rio Summit/Earth Summit/Rio Declarations- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1992

o Lead to Convention on Biological Diversity (December 29, 1992 CBD came into force)

Kyoto protocol → First used in Kyto, Japan on 1997 and Aims at cutting global emissions of green house

gases (GHG‟s) this agreement and came in to force on Feb. 16, 2005

Nagoya Protocol enforced at Nagoya, Japan in 2010 : It concern with Biological diversity and till now 61

countries signed the agreement.

Cartagena protocol : Biosafety (Adopted on January 29, 2000 at Montreal, Canada and)

o September 11, 2003 the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety came into force

World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) or the Johannesburg Summit- September, 2002

Nanotechnology in Agriculture

Coined by – Nario Taniguichi (1974), at Univ. of Tokyo, Japan

Nanotechnology is understanding and control of matter at dimension of 1-100 nm.

Example of nano based Delivery System- Halloysite

Nano Pesticide(NPs) of ZnO,SiO2 and TiO2 used for Bacteria & Green Algae

Nano Particles used for reclamation of heavy particles- Amphiphylic Polyurethane, Zeravalent Iron

(nZVI), and nano sized Zeolite.

Indians Who Secured World Food Prizes

1987 - Dr. MS Swaminathan → architect of India‟s “green revolution”

1989 – Dr. Verghese Kurien → Milk cooperatives

Dr. Gurudev S Kush →improved yield potential of rice

1998 – Mr B R Barwale →Founder of MAHYCO

2000 – Dr Surinder K vassal → Developed quality protein maize

2005 – Modaduga V gupta → For Aquaculture

2006- Edson Lobato, Dr. A. Collins Mc clung and H.E. Alysson – Pioneering work in soil science and

policy implementation that opened the vast Cerrado region of Brazil to agricultural and food production

2007- Phillip E. Nelson- Revolutionizing food processing, packaging, transportation, and distribution by

perfecting bulk aseptic packaging technology and spreading the technology worldwide

2008- Robert Dole and George McGovern – Contributions in the production of sorghum, one of the

world‟s five principal grains

ICAR-HISTORY

ICAR estd. On 16 July 1929 under the societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the

Royal Commission on Agriculture. ICAR- headquarters at New Delhi.

Increase in production of food grains by 4 times, horticulture crops by 6 times, fish by 9 times (marine 5

times and inland 17 times),milk 6 times and eggs 27 times since 1950-51.

ICAR-Milestones:

Initiation of the first All-India Co-ordinated Research Project on maize in 1957.

Status of Deemed University accorded to IARI in 1958.

Establishment of the first Agricultural University on land grant pattern at Pantnagar in 1960.

Creation of Department of Agriculture Research and Education (DARE) in the Ministry of Agriculture in

1973.

Opening of Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) at Puducherry (Pondicherry) in 1974.

Establishment of Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board

(ASRB) IN 1975.

Lunching of Lab to Land Program and the National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) in 1979

Initiation of Institution-Village Linkage Program (IVLP) IN 1995.

Establishment of National Gene Bank at New Delhi in 1996.

The ICAE was bestowed with the King Baudouin Award in 1989 for its valuable contribution in ushering

in the Green Revolution. Again awarded King Baudouin Award in 2004 for research and development

efforts made under partnership in Rice Wheat Consortium.

Launching of National Agricultural Technology Project (NAIP) IN 1998 and National Agricultural

Innovation Project (NAIP) in July 2006 with 3 components.

Organizational Setup of ICAR : ( Present scenarios-2009-10)

Union Minister of Agriculture is the ex-office President of the ICAR society (President-Sharad Pawar)

Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research &Education Ministry of Agriculture, Govt, of India &

Director General, ICAR-the Principal Executive Officer of the Council. (Present DG – Dr. S. Ayyappan)

Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board ,Chairman-Dr. Gurubachan Singh (Agronomist)

Deputy Directors-General (8)

Additional Secretary (DARE) and Secretary (ICAR).

Additional Secretary and Financial Advisor

Assistant Directors-General (24).

Directorates of information and publication of Agriculture, New Delhi.

Directorates /Project Directorates -25 (with upgradation of 12 NRCs).

National Bureaux-6 (New- NBAII, Bengaluru and NBAIM, Mau (UP).

Deemed Universities status-6 (New-NAARM, Hyderabad and NIASM, Malegaon, Maharashtra).

State Agriculture Universities- 53.

National Research Centers (NRCs) – 17.

AICRPs- 61

National Institutes- 6

Central Institutes- 49

Directorate of Women in Agriculture- Bhuweneshwar, Orissa

Directorate of Floricultural Research- New Delhi.

Directorate of Information and Publication in Agriculture- New Delhi

AICRP, Arid Zone fruits- Bikaner

AICRP, NSP- Vegetables, Varanasi

AICRP, Pesticide residues, New Delhi

AICRP, Agro meteorology, Hyderabad

Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) with centers at Ludhiana in Punjab, Pusa (Samastipur) in

Bihar and Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh on Oct 2011 with collaboration of ICAR and CIMMYT(2011)

2011, Febuary :Launched National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture of worth 350 corers

head quarter CRIDA Hyderabad

Deputy Chairman, Planning Commissions- Montek Singh Ahulwalia.

Chairman of National Commission for Farmers- Dr. M.S. Swaminathan

GENERAL AGRICULTURE

1. MSP increase in 2008-09 over last year

Wheat- 8% (lowest)

Ragi – 58% (highest)

2. India shares (of world‟s);

Total geographical area – 2%.

Population – 18%.

Livestock – 15%.

Forest- 1.5%.

3. Total geographical area (TGA) – 329 Mha.

4. Potential for biological production- 265 Mha.

5. Per capita Land availability- 0.37 ha (1991-92).

6. Per-capita agriculture land availability- 0.16 ha (1991-92).

7. Net cultivated area – 143 Mha.

8. Total irrigated area – 56.3 Mha.

9. Total Irrigation potential in India- 108.2 Mha by March-2010.

10. All India avg. fertilizer consumption – 116.5 Kg/ha.

11. Highest avg. fertilizer consumption- Punjab (212 Kg/ha).

12. Nutrient consumption ratio (NPK) - 5.5:2.1:1.

13. Total Number of soil testing laboratories (STL‟s) in India – 750 (2008-09).

14. 2012-13- India Food grain production: 250.3mt (second advance estimate)

15. 2011-12- India Food grain production: 259.3mt

16. 2011-12 Bt cotton acreages in India about 9.2 mha

Some other Facts

1. Total production of milk

In 2010-11 is 112.5 mt and per capita availability is 263 g /day

In 2011-12 is 127.9

2. Total production of coffee in 2008-09 was 2.62 lakh tones and consumption was 0.94 lakh tones.

3. Production of natural rubber in 2006-07 was 852.89 thousand tones and consumption was 820.3 thousand

tones and productivity was 1879 kg/ha.

4. Total egg production – In 2011-12 is 66.45 billion numbers.

5. Total fish production in 2011-12 is 8.7 million tons (India is 3rd

largest producer of fish and 2nd

largest

producer of inland fishes)

6. Total wool production in 2009-10 is 43.3 million kg

7. Total meat production in 2009-10 is 4 million tons

8. Buffer stock as on Aug-2012: 76Mt (Wheat: 47.5mt and Paddy:28.5mt)

9. Poverty of India: 29.8% (2010-11)

10. The Livestock Census (2007) has placed total livestock population at 529.7 million and poultry birds at

648.8 million

11. 1st Biodiversity heritage site in India, “Tamarind Site” at NALLUR, Devanahalli, Bengaluru.

Some Important Facts about Agriculture

The contribution of agriculture in Grass domestic product was 54.5% in 1950-51 and is reduced to 14.2% in

2010-11.

Agriculture provides livelihood to 65-70% of the total population. The sector provides employment to 58%

of countries work force.

Agriculture accounts for about 10.59 % of the total export.

Agriculture accounts for about 4.38 % of the total import.

Government procurement prices are based on support prices recommended by CACP (Commission for

Agriculture costs & prices).

Food stocks are maintained by the central government for 3 purpose

o Meeting the prescribed minimum buffer stock norms for food security.

o For monthly release of food grains for supply through PDS.

o For market intervention to augment supply so as to help moderate the open market Prices.

The buffer stock position of food grains in India as on OCT 2010 was 46.2 Mt

A new scheme „National Project on Organic Farming‟ has been taken up in October 2004.

The „National Horticulture Mission‟ aims at doubling horticulture production by 2012.

Total geographical area of India is about 328.7 million hectares .But statistical information regarding land

classification available for only about 305 million hectares.

Cropping intensity of India is 136%

Land reforms programmes in India include –

Elimination of intermediaries.

Tenancy reforms.

Determination of ceiling of holdings per family & to distribute surplus land among landless people.

Consolidation of holdings

TRIFED (Tribal Co- Operative Marketing Development Federation of India Ltd.) established in 1987.

NAFED (National Agricultural Co- Operative Marketing Federation of India).

National Co-operative Development & warehousing Board started in 1956.

Central warehousing corporation started in 1957.

No land is declared as surplus under land ceiling laws in the states of Bihar, Karnataka Orissa, and

Rajasthan.

According to 2000-01 data

62.3% of the total operational holdings were of size Less than 1 hectare – marginal holdings (75408

number of holdings)

19.0% of size between 1-2 hectares-small holdings (22695 number of holdings)

11.8% of size between 2-4 hectare- semi medium holdings (14021 number of holdings)

5.5% of size between 4-10 hectare- medium holdings (6577 number of holdings)

1% of size more than 10 hectares-large holdings (1230 number of holdings)

National Agriculture Policy-2000

Union government has announced new national agriculture policy in July 28th

, 2000.

The salient features of this policy are:

4% growth rate per annum for next two decades.

Land reforms to provide land to poor farmers.

Consolidation of holdings in all states of the nation.

To provide insurance for crops to farmers.

Promoting research for developing new varieties and ensuring protection

New agriculture policy has been described as “Rainbow Revolution” which Includes following

revolutions

Green Food grain production

White Milk

Yellow Oil seeds

Blue Fisheries

Red Meat/Tomato

Golden Fruits – Apple

Grey Fertilizers

Black/ Brown Non-conventional energy sources

Silver Eggs

Round Potato

Pink Shrimp/Onion

During 1958 for the first time wheat production increased from 120 lakh tons to 170 lakh tons. Scientist

William Gaud termed it as Green Revolution.

“Second Green Revolution” strategy Adapted in 11th

FYP. Some of the salient features are:

1. Doubling the rate of growth of irrigated area.

2. Promoting animal husbandry and fishery.

3. Providing easy access to credit at affordable rates.

4. Improving incentive structure and functioning of the market.

“Flood” is the world‟s largest integrated dairy development Operation program.

Animal husbandry output constitutes about 30% of the countries agricultural out put.

In comparison to world India accounts 14% cattle population and 56% of the buffalo population.

Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was introduced in 1998 - 1999 to facilitate access to credit from

commercial Banks and regional Rural banks.

Latest ICAR News & Schemes, etc…

ICAR, it was established on 16 July, 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act,

1860.

NDRI successfully clones a male buffalo calf named „Shresth‟

World‟s 3rd

Cloned Buffalo „GARIMA-II‟ born at Karnal

Mahima” born from cloned buffalo “Garima” at NDRI-2013

Swarn‟: A Male cloned buffalo calf born at NDRI, Karnal -2013

Minister of State for Agriculture, Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Prof. KV Thomas.

2010- The Best Institution Award has gone to the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar.

2010- The Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, has been adjudged as the Best ICAR institution

for its achievements in reclamation and management of salt-affected soils of India.

2010- Chaudhary Devi Lal Outstanding AICRP Award has been bagged by All India Coordinated

Research Project for Dry Land Agriculture, Hyderabad, for developing location-specific technologies in

rainwater management

Dr. Mangala Rai, President, of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi

Pusa Basmati 1121 was released for commercial cultivation in 2003 and presently 60% of the total area

under Basmati rice cultivation.

International Buffalo Conference on „Optimizing Buffalo Productivity Through Conventional and Novel

Technologies‟ was inaugurated on 1st February 2010, to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of the Central

Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar

Buffalo is BLACK GOLD OF INDIA

India is the largest milk producer in the world producing about 105 million metric tons per annum.

Per capita milk availability to 241 g per day from a meager 124 g per day in 1950

“Hyderabad Haleem” gets Geographical Indication certification.

New Rice Variety „Azad Basmati‟ and Wheat „Golden Halna‟ Released.

World‟s First cloned Pashima goat-“Noori” developed by sher-re 9ashmir agri.university in 2011

First International School of Agriculture launched at G.B.P.U.A & T, Pantnagar.

ICAR received two times ICAR was awarded the prestigious King Boudouin Development Prize

International in 1988 for the best agricultural institution in the world

ICAR again received the King Boudouin Award in 2004 as the Chair of the Rice-wheat consortium.

National institute for research on Climate and environment soon come in force at Bangalore

Some Important National Programmes (Related to Agriculture)

1. NRAA –National Rain-fed Area Authority, since 03-11-2006.

2. RADP- Rainfed Area Development Program, since 20-03-2008.

3. NPMFS- National Project on management of Soil Health and fertilizers in2008-09.

4. ISOPOM- Integrate Scheme of Oil Seeds, Pulses, oil-palm and maize started since 1st April -2004.

5. MMA- The Macro Management of Agriculture Scheme was formulated in 2000-01.

6. NBM- National Bamboo Mission started in 2006-07.

7. NFSM- National Food Security mission has been launched for the rabi 2007-08 to enhancing the

production of rice, wheat and pulses by 10, 8 and 2million tons respectively by the end of the 11th

plan.

8. KCC- Kisan Credit Card Scheme was started in August 1998.

9. RKVY- Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana launched in August 1998.

10. NCPAH- National Committee Plasticulture Application in Horticulture.

11. PPV & FR- the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Authority, established in November- 2005

at New Delhi.

12. AIBP-Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program started since 1996-97.

13. NAFED-National Agricultural co-Operative Marketing Federation of India Limited.

14. CCI-Cotton Cooperation of India.

15. AGMARKNET-Agricultural Marketing Information Network.

16. NADAMS-national Agricultural Drought Advisory and Management System.

17. AGRISNET- “Indian Agricultural On-line”, was submitted to ministry of Agriculture to establish Indian

Agriculture on-line and revised in 2009.

18. AgRIS – Resource Information System.

19. APHNET-Animal Production and Health Informatics Network.

20. ACINET-Agricultural Credit Informatics Networks.

21. VERCON-Virtual Extension, research and communication Network developed by FAO, in 2001.

22. ICT-Information and Communication Technology.

23. ARIS-Agriculture Research Information System.

24. 2011-National Rural Livelihood mission new version Swarnajayanthi Grameena Swarojagar Yojana in

Rajsthan.

25. 2011- National Advisory council headed by Ms. Soniya Gandhi

26. 2011-Janani Shishu Surkahsa Karyakaram (Mother-child protection programme) at Haryana

27. 2011-Rajiv awas yojana for slum free area launched 1st Phase.

28. 2011-Rashtriya Madhyamic Shikshya Abiyaan free education upto X class

29. 2011-Swabhimaan-credit loans at lower rates to farmers.

30. 2010:National Mission on Micro irrigation

31. 2010:Integrated nutrient based subsidy scheme

32. National Agricultural Innovation Project → July 2006 (world bank aided Objective : To boost research and

development in agriculture and to create skilled scientific human resource)

33. 2010: Saffron mission

34. 2010: Accelerated pulse Production Programme (under National Food security mission)

35. 2011: Vegetable Initiative for Urban Cluster (Under RKVY)

36. Vishesha Krishi Upaj Yojana (Objective –Promote agricultural exports in fruits vegetables and flowers)

India‟s position in World Agriculture Rank

Irrigated Area First

Total pulses First

Milk First

Livestock (Cattles & Buffaloes) First

Population Second

Arable land Second

Pulses Second

Economically active population Second

Wheat Second

Rice Second

Oil-seeds Second

Fruits & vegetables Second

Total Cereals Third

Implements (Tractors) Third

Total Area Seventh

Milestones in Agricultural Development

Green Revolution (1968)

Ever Green revolution (1996)

Blue revolution (Fish) and White revolution (Milk)

Yellow revolution (Flower and Edible oil)

World Green Revolution

Increasing the wheat production that begins in Mexico in 1945.

The term Green Revolution was first used in 1968 by former USAID, Director William Gaud.

CIMMYT, The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, Mexico.

HYVs or “High Yielding Varieties “A Japanese dwarf Wheat Cultivar (Norin10 wheat) which yield 10 times

more than that of the traditional wheat.

Father of Green Revolution-Norman Ernest Borlaug (Birth March 25th

1914 & death September 12th

2009, age

95 years) Dallas, Texas (USA). An American Agronomist and Nobel Laureate. He received his Ph.D in Plant

Pathology and Genetics.

Father of Green Revolution in India- Dr. M.S. Swaminathan (Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan), born on

August 7th

1925 in Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu.

Punjab was selected by the Indian Govt. To be the first site to try the new crops for Green Revolution.

The landmark of Indian Green Revolution – IARI, New Delhi.

“Miracle Rice”- IR-8 a semi-dwarf rice Variety developed by IRRI, Cuttack.

Crossed between Indonesian Variety named “Peta” and a Chinese variety named “Dee-geo-woo-gen”.

General Agriculture

National Biodiversity Board- New Delhi

National Biodiversity Authority- Chennai

National Fisheries Development Board- Hyderabad

National Seed Research and Training Centre- Varanasi

Camel Crop- Sorghum

Natural genetic Engineer- Agrobacterium tumefacience

Pashmina (winter cloth) obtained from- Goats

Law of tolerance – Shepherd

Oleoresin – Chilli

Keshar (Saffron) belongs to family- Iridaceae

World Food Prize, 2007- Phylips Nelson

World Food Prize, 2008- R. Dole & George McGovern

Mycorrhiza increases availability of – Phosphorus

Water requirement of irrigated wetland rice – 1500 mm

Nutrient mobility concept – Bray

PUFA content is highest in - Sunflower

Pseudo cereal- Buckwheat

First Agricultural Chemist of ICAR – J W Leather

Pulse crop doesn`t fix nitrogen- Rajma

Avg. Milling recovery of rice- 60%

Father of hybrid rice in India- Dr. E. A.SIDDIQI

Shabhagi Dhan- new varieties of rice capable of withstanding drought

Water submergence variety of rice- Swarna-Sub 1, can survive for 14 days under water

To ward off threat to wheat production from globally spreading menace of resistant varieties of wheat stem

rust – Ug 99, DBW 17, PBW 550, Lok 1 and Turraja identified.

In potato, dry matter rich variety Kufri Frysona developed for making French Fries.

Growth Rate in agriculture (per cent)

Share of Agriculture & allied sectors in total GDP is 14.1 per cent in 2011-12

12th

five year plan (2012-2017)- Focus on „Inclusive Growth

Year Growth rate of agriculture and allied sectors Overall GDP (Growth Rate)

2011-12 3.6 6.2

2012-13 1.8 5.0

PART II: SPORTS, Important EVENTS and AWARDS

Sports events: Host Country and Location

2010: Commonwealth Game, New Delhi

2010: 16th

Asian game, Guanazoh, China

2010: Hockey World Cup, India

2011- ICC World Cup, India

2012: Olympics, London

2016- Olympics, Brazil

2014- Commonwealth Games, Glasgow, Scotland

2014: Aisan Game, Inchem, South Korea

2014: FIFA, Brazil

2014: Olympics, Brazil

2015: ICC World Cup Cricket, Australia & New Zealand

2011: World Athletics held at Daiegao, South Korea

Nobel prize – 2012

Area Scientists Contribution

Physics Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland

“Ground-breaking experimental methods that enable

measuring and manipulation of individual quantum

systems"

Chemistry Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K.

Kobilka “Studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"

Medicine Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya

Yamanaka

“Discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed

to become pluripotent"

Literature Mo Yan "Who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales,

history and the contemporary"

Peace European Union (EU)

“Over six decades contributed to the advancement

of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human

rights in Europe"

Economics Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley "The theory of stable allocations and the practice of

market design"

Nobel prize – 2011

Area Scientists Contribution

Physics Saual Permullter, Brain Schmidst &

Adam Resiss

“Expanding stars that reveals expansion of universe

is according”

Chemistry Daniel Schechtamen “Quasicrystal, a mosaic like chemical structure”

Medicine Bruce Beulter, Jules Hoffamann &

Ralph Steinmen “Two-tier system of Immune system”

Literature Tomas Trastromer -

Peace Ellen Johnson Sirleef, Leymch Gobwee

& Tawakal Karman “Rights activity”

Economics Tomas Sargent & Christopher Sim “Empirical research cause & effect and Macro-

economics”

Nobel award given by: Royal Swedish Academy Sciences, SWIDEN

ICC AWARDS - 2011

ICC Cricketer Of Year- Jonatham Trott

ICC Test Cricketer of the Year- Alastair Cook

ICC ODI Cricketer of Year- Kumar Sangakar

ICC Spirit Cricketer Award- M.S. Dhoni

Best Bowling Debut- Devendra Bhishoo

ICC T20 performer of the year - Tim Southee

ICC WORLD CUP- 2011 at glance

Host countries- India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

Final match held at Wankhede stadium, Mumbai.

Final: Man of the match: M. S. Dhoni

Man of the series: Yuvarj Singh (362 runs & 15 wickets)

Final teams: India Vs Sri Lanka

Winner: India won ICC world cup on 2nd

April, 2011 (after 28 years)

India became 3rd

team to receive world cup second time other in list are West indies and Australia

Highest run scorer: 500 runs by Dilshan, Sri Lanka

Highest wicket taker: 21 wickets by Zaheer (India) & Sahid Afridi (Pak)

58th

National film Awards

Best film- “Adaminte Makantibu” (Malayalam) and selected for Oscar nomination

Best director- Vetrimaran for film “Aadukalam” (Tamil)

Best actor- Dhanush (Aadukalam) & Salim Kumar (Adaminter Makantibu)

Best actress – Mitalee Jaglatap (Film- Baboo band baaja”) and Sarnya Ponavannan (Film- Themerku

Paruvkanm)

Best children film- Hejjegalu (Kannada)

12th

IIFA AWARD held at Toronto, Canada

Best film award: Dabangg

Best Actor: Shahrukh Khan

Best actress: Anushka Sharma

Oscar awards

Particulars 2012(84th

) 2013(85th

)

Best film The artist Argo

Best director Ang Lee for "Life of Pi

Best actor Jean Dujardin-The artist Daniel Day-Lewis for "Lincoln

Best actress Meryl streep-Iron lady Jennifer Lawrence for "Silver Linings Playbook

Asian games- 2010 (CHINA) & Commonwealth game- 2010 (India)

Event Gold Silver Bronze Total

Asian games 14 17 33 64

Commonwealth games (2nd

position) 38 27 36 101

Tennis championship winner for the year- 2011

Event Men‟s Women‟s

Australian Novak Djokovik Kim Clijsters

Wimbledon Novak Djokovik Petra Kvitova

US Open Novak Djokovik Samantha Stosur

French open Rafal Nadal Li Na

Tennis championship winner for the year- 2012

Event Men‟s Women‟s

Australian Novak Djokovic Victoria Azarenka

Wimbledon Roger Federer Serena Williams

US Open Andy Murray Serena Williams

French open Rafael Nadal Maria Sharapova

2011: World cup Kabbadi held at Punjab - - - India is Winner

Awards in Sports/Science & Technology/ film/Culture/Arts etc.

2010-Dr.M.S.Swaminathan award to Dr. Sanjay Rajaram wheat breeder

2010-Dadasaheb Palke award to Tamil director K. Balachandran

2011- World food prize: John A. Kufor farmer president of Ghana and Lula dosilva farmer president of

Brazil.

2012- Daniel Hillel, Israeli scientist who pioneered a radically innovative way of bringing water to crops in

arid and dry-land regions

2011-Miss Universe: Angola Leila Lopes from BENGUELA held at Brazil.

2011-Miss world: Ivina Lunasol sarcos,Venezulea

2010-Jyanapeeth award to Chandrsheakr Kumbar (Karnataka) for Literature

2011-Man booker prize: Julian Barnes for “Fiction for the sense of ending”

2010-ICAR First Norman Borlaug award to Dr. T.K. Adhya, Director of Central Rice Research Institute

(CRRI), Cuttack

2011: Dr. M. C. Saxena bags the Swaminathan award for leadership in Agriculture (Award by TAAS-Trust

for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences)

2011: Dadasaheb Palke award to Soumitra chatterjee

Till date Number crop plant genome sequenced

1st plant Arabidopsis thaliana-weed mouse-model plant

Rice, sorghum, Maize, Wheat, Soyabean, Pigeonpea, Chickpea, Black cotton wood, Barrel clover, , ,

Potato, Peach

Per Capita Availability and Production of Fruits and Vegetables

Per capita availability Production of fruits & vegetables

(Gram / per person / day) (million tonnes)

Fruit Vegetables Total Fruit Vegetables Total

2001-02 114 236 350 43 89 132

2007-08 158 309 467 66 128 194

2008-09 163 306 469 68 129 197

2009-10 167 313 480 71 134 205

2010-11 170 332 502 75 147 222

2011-12 172 350 522 76 156 232

PART III: INDIA AT A GLANCE

Geography of India

India (7th largest country) 3,287,263 Sq km (329mha)

Largest State Rajasthan 342,239 Sq km

Smallest State Goa 3,702 Sq km

Largest Union Territory Andaman & Nicobar Islands 8,249 Sq km

Smallest Union Territory Lakshadweep 32 Sq km

Largest District Kachchh (Gujarat) 45,652 Sq km

Smallest District Mahe ( Puducherry ) 9 Sq km

India share 17.5% of world population II- most populous country in world

Total number district (2011) 640

Position Of India In World

S. No Particulars Rank

1. National Security Index 5th

2. Internet Speed 143rd

3. Hunger Index(2012) 65th

4 Corruption Perception Index (2012) 94th

5. World arms/weapons importer 1st

6. Global Economic Report (2011) 56th

7. Human Development Index (2010) 119th

8. Human Development Index (2011) 134th

9. Area 7th

10. Population 2nd

11. Economy (GDP) 10TH

12. Plant Biodiversity 10th

13. Irrigated area (57 mha) 1st

14. Purchase Power Parity (PPP) 4th

15. Environmental Performance Index-2012 125th

16. The Global Competitiveness Index-2011-12 56

Some Important Facts About India

Largest state in area - Rajasthan

Largest state in population – UP

Smallest state in area – Goa

Smallest state in population – Sikkim

India has 2 biodiversity hotspots – Western Ghats & Eastern Himalayas

World has 25 biodiversity hotspots.

First in irrigated area (57 m ha) in the world

India is in 4th

position in PPP (Purchasing Power Parity).

Important Acts, Policies and Bills

Biological diversity act 2002

National Food safety and standard Act 2006

National food safety and standard act cum in force 2011

Forest Rights Act 2006

Pesticide management bill 2008

National Food Security Bill, 2011 introduced in the Lok Sabha on 22.12.2011 (75% rural population &

50% Urban population in PDS system) : Targeted Public Distribution System, besides provisions for

nutritional support to women and children

Communal violence bill 2011

Environmental act 1986

Environmental rules 1986

Prevention of food adulteration act 1955

Children to free and compulsory education act 2009

Protection of Plant varieties and Farmers Rights Authority-2005

Protection of Plant varieties and Farmers Rights Act-2001

Biotechnology regulatory authority bill-2011

RTI act-2005

„Urea Investment Bill-2012‟ – To enhance Urea Production in India

15th

Census of India-2011

(Note: M: Male, F:Female and UT: Union territory)

Important note on 15th

Census 2011

17.6% growth from 2001-2011 as compared to 21.5% growth was recorded during 1991-2001.

Rise in Sex ratio from 931 (2001) to 940 (2011).

Decline in child sex ratio from 927 (2001) to 914 (2011).

According UN India projected population will be 1.71 billion at 2060.

Density : Persons / Sq. Km(2011) India 382

State with Highest Population Density Bihar * (WB-2001) 1102

State with Lowest Population Density Arunachal Pradesh 17

UT with Highest Population Density Delhi 11,297

UT with Lowest Population Density Andaman & Nicobar Islands 46

District with Highest Population Density North East (Delhi)District with Lowest Population Density Lahul

& Spiti (Himachal Pradesh

Important International/National Conferences (Year and Place)

85rd

Foundation day of ICAR 16th

July, 2011

United Climate Change Conference 2012, Doha,Qutar

United Climate Change Conference 2013, Bonn, Germany

5th

National conference on KVK, Udaipur, 2010

2012- G20 Agriculture ministers summit held at Mexico

2013-G20 leaders‟ summit will be held at St. Petersburg, Russia

2013-World Economic Forum held at Davos, Switzerland.

2013- 100th

Indian Science Congress held at Kolkata.

2012- 1st International Conference on Biodiversity & Sustainable Energy Development held at, Hyderabad,

2013-2nd

International Conference on Biodiversity & Sustainable Energy Development will be held on

Sl. No Particulars India Highest state Lowest state

1. Population 1.21billoion UP>MH>Bihar Sikkim>Mizoram>Arunachal Pradesh

2. Literacy

74% (Total)

M:82% F:65.5%

Kerala (93.9%)

M:96%

F: 92%

Bihar (63.8%)

M: 73.4%

F: 53.3%

3. Child sex ratio 914 Chhattisgarh (964) Haryana (830)

4. Sex ratio 940 Kerala (1084) JK > Harayana (887)> Sikkim (889)

Aug 12-14, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

2011-18th

International Botanical congress held at Paris,

„Doha‟ Climate gateway-2012, Qatar (to discuss achievements and future prospects of Kyoto protocol)

Chief/Director of Institutes of National and International bodies

ICAR : DG- Dr. S. Ayyappan

ASRB: Dr. Gurubachan Singh (Agronomist)

BICON Chairman/MD: Kiran Mazhumdar

PepsiCo Chairman: Indira Noyi

UN Secretary: Mr. Ban Ki Moon

UN Members- 193 countries

Indian foreign service for US: Nirupma rao

International Monetary Fund New chief : Christine Lagarde

New DG of FAO: Jose Graziano Desliva

New chairman of NABARD: Prakash Bakshi

Wikileaks head: Jullian Assaunge (UK)

Face book founder: Mark Zuckerberg

FIFA president: Sepp Blatter

ICC president: Alan Isaac

IFPRI: DG: Shengeen Fan

National security Advisor of INDIA: Shivashankar Menon

DRDO (Defense Research and Development Organization)

Agni-I: 700 km surface to surface ballistic missile

Agni-II: 2000km

Agni-III : 3500km missile

Agni-IV : Intermediate-range ballistic missile RANGE 3500-5000km

Agni-IV: >5000km (Latest)

Prthvi-II – 350km surface to surface missile

Dhanush & Akash : surface to air missile

“Nag” 3rd

generation anti tank missile

Nishanth & Rustom- Unmanned Aerial Vechile (UAV)

Brahmos Supersonic Crussie missile

Lakshya: pilotless target aircraft

Divya Drishti: Integrated signal intelligence system

„Balasya mulam vigyanam‟ tag line of DRDO

IMPORTANT RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES

Command Area Development and Water Management →1974 -05

National Horticultural mission →2005 May

Marine Fishing Policy →2004

National Commission on Farmers →2004 (head M.S. Swaminathan)

Bharath Nirman → 2005-06

National Rural employment guarantee scheme → 2006

Kissan Credit Card Scheme →1998-99

National Agriculture Insurance Scheme →1999-2000

NMM: National Monsoon mission in 12th

FYP estimated budget of 400corers

FAO International year

2013- International year Water Cooperation (UN)

2013- International Year of Quinoa (FAO and UN)

2014- International Year of Small Island Developing States(UN)

International Year of Crystallography(UN)

International Year of Family Farming(UN)

2012-International Year of Cooperatives

International Year of Sustainable Energy for All

2010- Wettest year (NASA Report -2011)

2005- Hottest year (NASA Report -2011)

2012-17- 12th

five year plan

2011- Tiger population of India-1706

IMPORTANT DAYS

S. No Particulars Month & date

1 World forest day March 21

2 Water day March 22

3 Meteorology day March 23

4 World health day April 17

5 Earth day April 22

6 Biodiversity day May 22

7 Environment day June 5

8 Ocean day June 8

9 Population day July 11

10 International day of Ozone Sept 16

11 Food day Oct 16

12 Farmers day Dec 23

SOME IMPORTANT PROGRAMMES

Sl. No Program Year Objective

1. National Bamboo Mission 2006-07 To increase area & production of Bamboo,

particularly in N-E region

2. National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme Feb, 2

nd 2006

To provide at least 100 days wage employment

in rural areas for non-technical work

3. Bharat Nirman Dec. 16th

2005

Development of rural infrastructure including 6

components, namely Irrigation, Water supply,

Housing, Road, Electricity, Telephone

4. National Food for Work Nov. 14th

2004 Program to intensify generation &

Some Varieties released from IARI

Crops Varieties Crops Varieties

Cowpea

Pusa Phalguni Cotton Pusa Ageti

Pusa Basanthi Mungbean Pusa Baisaki

Pusa Dofasli Bean Pusa parvathi

Pusa Puturaj Marigold Pusa Narangi gaida

Papaya

Pusa Majestic Guava Pusa Srijan

Pusa Giant Walnut Pusa Khorh

Pusa Nanha Mango Pusa Arunima

Grapes Pusa Seedless Rice Pusa Sughandh

Pusa Urvashi Brassica carinata Pusa Aditya

Program supplementary wage employment

5. Samporna Grameena Rojgar

Yojana Sept. 25

th 2001 Providing employment and food security

6. Pradhana Mantri Gram

Sadak Yojana Dec. 25

th 2000 To link all villages with Pucca roads

7. Pradhana Mantri

Gramodaya Yojana 2000 To provide food security to poor

8. Swarna Jayanthi Gram

Swarojagar Yojana Apr,1999

For eliminating rural poverty and

unemployment

9. Hariyali Apr, 2003

Empowering Panchayathi Raj institutions both

financially and administratively in

implementation of watershed development

program

10. Swajaldhara Dec, 2002 To formulate, implement, operate and maintain

drinking water projects by village community

11. Central rural Sanitation

Programme Mar, 2002

To improve quality of life of rural people and

provide privacy & dignity to women

12 Rashtriya Madyamitic

Shiksha Abhiyan ( RYSA ) Mar, 2009

Enhancing access to secondary education and

improving its quality

13. Antyodaya Anna Yojana

(AAY) 2000

providing them 35 kilos of rice and wheat at

Rs.3 & Rs.2 per kg. respectively.

14. Rajiv Gandhi Grameen

Vidyutikaran Ypjana Mar, 2005 For complete rural electrification

Pusa Navrang Pegionpea Pusa 2001

Apple

PSM-1 Pusa Seb Mooheri Sorghum Pusa Chari

Pusa Gold Kabuli chickpea Pusa Shubra

Pusa Amartara Pride Radish Pusa Chetki

Brinjal

Pusa Upaghar

Cauliflower

Pusa Sharadh

Pusa Upaghar Pusa Synthetic

Pusa Purple long Pusa Katki

Pusa Kranthi Snow ball

Pusa Purple round Pusa Deepthi

Tomato

Pusa Upahar Pusa Shubra

Pusa Ruby Cabbage

Pusa Mukhtar

Pusa Divya Pride of India

Pusa Lal Bottle guard

Pusa Meghadhooth

Pusa Shethal Pusa Manjari

Bhendi Pusa Sawami

Onion Pusa Red

Pusa Makhamali Pusa Ratnar

Minimum support price of Agriculture products (Rs/Quintal) – 28 commodities

Crops 2011-12 2012-13(26-12-12)

Wheat 1120 1350

Barley 780 980

Gram 2100 3000

Rapeseed/Mustard 2500 3000

Sunflower 2800 3700

Cotton (Long staple) 2800 3600

Cotton (Short staple) 3300 3900

Bajra 980 1175

Jowar-Hybrid 980 1500

Niger seed 2900 3500

Paddy- Common 1080 1250

Paddy- Grade A 1110 1280

Soybean- yellow 1690 2240

Ground nut 2700 3700

Maize 980 1175

Pigeonpea 3700 3850

Ragi 1050 1500

Sesame 3400 4200

Lentil(Massor) 2800 2900

Safflower 2500 2800

Green gram 4000 4400

Black gram(URD) 3800 4300

Sugarcane (Statutory

Minimum Price) 145 139

Source : Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

References

Economic survey 2012-13, Agriculture today

The Hindu, Times of India News Paper

CSR Magazine, Down to Earth & Yojana

ICAR Website, Wikipedia

Compiled and Prepared by:

Mr. Jaba Jagdish, Ph.D. Scholar (Entomology)

Mr. Srinivasraghavan, Ph.D. Scholar(Plant pathology)

G.B.P.U.A & T- Pantnagar, Uttarakhand