Translation of:

„Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zur Kennzeichnung von Luftfahrthindernissen“

(“Deutsche Flugsicherung – NfL I 143 / 07 NACHRICHTEN FÜR LUFTFAHRER – TEIL I – Langen,

24. Mai 2007“ / Nichtamtliche Übersetzung erstellt durch den Bundesverband WindEnergie e.V.)

General Administrative Regulation

for the Marking and Lighting of Obstacles to Air Navigation

Part 1

General

1. Subject of the General Administrative Regulation

1.1.

The subject of this General Administrative Regulation is the applications of § 12 para. 4 and §§ 14 to

17 of the German Aviation Act (LuftVG) by the competent aeronautical authorities of the Länder

entrusted by the German Aviation Act (§ 31 para. 2 no. 6 to 10) with the task of approving permissions

concerning the erection of structures constituting obstacles to air navigation, and their day and night

marking and / or lighting. It shall also apply to obstacles which have already been erected if they

become obstacle-relevant by redefinition or extension of a restricted construction zone. The General

Administrative Regulation takes account of the relevant requirements of Annex 14 to the Convention

of International Civil Aviation (ICAO Annex 14, Volume I, Chapter 6), edited on July 4, 2004.

1.2.

In exercising their consent-giving function, the aeronautical authorities of the Länder shall also apply

this General Administrative Regulation to the renewal of existing markings / lighting of obstacles lo air

navigation.

2.Annexes

The annexes shall form part of this General Administrative Regulation and relate to the following

provisions:

Annex 1: "Specifications for obstacle lights”

Annex 2: "Specifications for blade-tip obstacle lights"

Annex 3: “Specifications for "W, red" lights”

Annex 4: "Visual range measurement"

Annex 5: "Graphical representation"

2a Figures

The figures in Annex 5 give an account in abridged form of the

contents of Parts 1 to 5 of this General Administrative Regulation. An interpretation of the figures is

admissible only in connection with the corresponding texts.

Part 2

General Obstacles to Air Navigation

Section 1

Marking / Lighting Requirements

3. General marking / lighting requirements

3.1

Obstacles to air navigation shall be marked and / or lighted

a) in the vicinity of aerodromes

- on the strips

- above the approach and the take-off climb surfaces as well as the lateral transitional

surfaces

- along the sides of taxiways and aprons into which parts of aeroplanes may extend

- above the horizontal surface as well as above the upper transitional surface if the obstacles

constitute a hazard

b) outside the vicinity of aerodromes

- in towns and other densely populated areas in accordance with Art. 6 of the German

Aviation Regulation (LuftVO) if the highest point of the structure exceeds a height of 150 m

above ground or water level

- outside towns and other densely populated areas if the highest point of the structure exceeds

a height of 100 m above ground or water surface.

3.2

If only part of a structure is regarded as an obstacle to air navigation which must be marked or

lighted, at least the upper third of the structure shall be marked and / or lighted. In the case of

obstacles with a height of not more than 100 m above ground or water level, it shall be sufficient to

mark / light the upper third or, in the case of high-voltage lines, the top of the pylon including the upper

cross arm.

3.3

In connection with the marking of obstacles to air navigation in

coastal areas and the adjoining interior waters and the Exclusive Economic Area it is to be made sure

that there will be caused neither disturbance of the security nor interference with the ease of navigation

nor - especially – with the functioning of aids to marine navigation.

4. Special marking / lighting requirements

4.1

For the protection of low-flying aircraft, in particular in connection

with aerial work, military and rescue flights, it may be required on the basis of Art. 16 of the German

Aviation Act (LuftVG) to mark and / or light individual obstacles with a height of 20 m or more above

ground or water level (e.g. overhead wires, aerial cableways, masts, wind generators etc.).

4.2

The aeronautical authorities may demand that additional obstacle lights or hazard beacons be

operated also during the daytime if the day marking is not regarded as sufficiently effective or if

special hazards exist.

Section 2

Marking and Lighting of Obstacles at Day-time

5. Obstacles with unbroken surfaces and cable-like obstacles

5.1

The day marking shall consist of a paint-coating for obstacles with unbroken surfaces and of cable-

markers for cable-like obstacles (overhead wires, aerial cableways. guy wires of masts etc). Obstacles

that are sufficiently conspicuous by their shape and colour when viewed against the background need

not be otherwise marked.

5.2

The colours for markings shall be traffic white (RAL 9016) and traffic orange (RAL 2009). Alternatively,

the colour traffic red (RAL 3020) may be used in combination with grey white (RAL 9002), agate grey

(RAL 7038) or light grey (RAL 7035). The corresponding fluorescent colours may also be used.

5.3

The colour pattern shall consist of alternating contrasting bands or chequerboard rectangles in white

and orange. In the case of very slender obstacles (such as transmitting masts), the alternating

contrasting bands shall be oriented horizontally. The pattern shall be arranged in such a manner that

the corners or edges are orange. The pattern of alternating contrasting bands shall consist of at least

three bands, the chequered pattern of at least nine rectangles. Obstacles that are less than 3 m wide

and tall, as well as obstacles in the form of a lattice mast or a similar constructions, may be painted

completely in orange.

5.4

Cable-markers shall be orange or while and orange. Where multiple cables are involved, the markers

shall be mounted on the highest cable. If it is impracticable to install the markers directly on the cables

to be marked, they shall be mounted on carrier cables installed above them for his purpose. Markers

located above inland waterways may be equipped with radar reflectors as navigation aids for ships. If it

is impracticable to install the radar reflectors on the highest cable, they shall be coloured olive-green.

The markers shall have the form of a double cone with a diameter of 1 m and a length of 1.5 m from

one tip to the other (cone marker). The spacing between two adjacent markers shall not exceed 60 m.

At least two markers shall be provided per cable section.

5.5

As an alternative to the cone markers the use of spherical markers with a diameter of 0,6 m, arranged in

pairs (orange or orange-white distance between centres of 1,2 m) at a distance of max. 30 m is

admissable.

6. Use of white flashing lights

6.1

Depending on the obstacle situation, white flashing lights of medium intensity (20.000 cd ± 25%,

medium-intensity lights, Type A, in accordance with ICAO Annex 14, Volume 1. Table 6.3) may be ap-

proved for daytime use. They shall be operated during the daytime outside the times of operation of the

nighttime lighting. A twilight switch with a threshold of 50 to 150 lux shall be provided for this purpose.

The effective intensity shall be demonstrated in accordance with the standards and guiding rules and

directions in force.

6.2

The white (lashing light may be shielded downwards so that it does not emit more than 5% of the

nominal intensity at an angle of -5° or more below the horizontal plane if this does not constitute a

hazard to air traffic.

6.3

Flashing white lights shall normally be located at the highest points of obstacles. If, for technical

reasons, it is not possible to mount the lights at the highest points, the unlighted part of the obstacles

shall not extend by more than 50 m. and in the vicinity of aerodromes by more than 3 m, above the light.

6.4

The lights shall not be totally shielded by the obstacle in any direction. It shall be ensured (for

example, by dual lights) that at least one light is visible at any time from any direction.

6.5

For lights where the lamp (e.g. LED) has a very long service life, it shall not be necessary to provide a

backup lamp, provided that the operating time is recorded and the lamp is replaced when its pro-

bability of failure reaches 5%. Malfunctions of the lights which cannot be corrected at once have to be

made known immediately to the NOTAM-central by way of telephone message. The blackout of the

markings and lightings is to be repaired as quickly as possible. As soon as the malfunctions have

been corrected, the NOTAM-central has to be informed about it without delay. If the malfunctions

cannot be corrected within two weeks, the NOTAM-central has to be informed again after two weeks.

6.6

The necessary capacity to be provided by a secondary power supply shall be calculated on the basis

of the time required by the system operator to restore the power supply. In the permission procedure,

the system operator shall provide evidence of this to the authorising authority. The time of interruption

should not exceed 2 minutes.

7. Temporary obstacles

Temporary obstacles (such as construction cranes or mobile telescopic cranes) shall be marked by

means of the colours yellow, red or orange or by flags in accordance with ICAO Annex 14, Volume I,

Chapter 6, items 6.2.11 to 6.2.14, or, as appropriate, by means of suitable warning panels.

Section 3

Marking and Lighting of Obstacles at Nighttime

8. General

8.1

At night, obstacles shall be lighted by obstacle lights and / or hazard beacons. Operation of lights

during the daytime shall be permitted but shall not replace day markings. Outside the hours of

aerodrome operations, obstacle lighting in the vicinity of the aerodrome may be deactivated: this shall

not apply to obstacles subject to the provisions of Art. 14 of the German Aviation Act (LuftVG).

Automatic twilight switches with a threshold of 50 to 150 lux shall be used; this shall not apply to

obstacle lights located on the strip of instrument runways where the lighting has to be operated from

sunset to sunrise.

8.2

The colour of obstacle lights and hazard beacons shall be red in accordance with ICAO Annex 14,

Volume I, Appendix 1, Figure 1.1., "Colours for aeronautical ground lights".

8.3

Items 6.4 to 6.6 shall apply accordingly.

9. Obstacle lights

9.1

Obstacle lights shall be omnidirectional red lights or partial / sectional lights of a minimum luminous

intensity of 10 cd in the vertical angle range from -2° to +10° according to Annex 1. The luminous

intensity of the overall system shall be demonstrated according to the standards and guiding rules /

directives in force.

9.2

Obstacle lights shall normally be located at the highest points of obstacles. For extensive obstacles,

several obstacle lights shall be arranged in such a manner as to indicate the general definition and ex-

tent of the obstacle; if required, obstacle lights shall be mounted at different levels. For slender

obstacles, at least two obstacle lights of a minimum luminous intensity of 10 cd at each level shall be

visible from any direction. If, for technical reasons, it is not possible to mount the obstacle light at the

highest point of the object, the unlighted part of the obstacle shall not extend by more than 15 m, and in

the vicinity of aerodromes by more than 3 m, above the light.

9.3

On the strip of instrument runways, obstacle lights shall be operated as dual lights with automatic

switch-over in the case of failure. For lights where the lamp (e.g. LED) has a long service life, it shall

not be necessary to provide a backup lamp, provided that the operating lime is recorded and that the

lamp is replaced when its probability of failure reaches 5%.

10. Hazard beacons

10.1

Hazard beacons shall be red flashing omnidirectional lights in accordance with ICAO Annex 14,

Volume I, Table 6-3, Medium-intensity, Type B (2,000 cd). The flash rate shall be between 20 and 60

per minute. The effective intensity shall be demonstrated in accordance with the standards and

guidelines / directives in force. The white flashing light may be shielded downwards so that it does not

emit more than 5% of the nominal intensity at an angle of -5° or more below the horizontal.

10.2

Hazard beacons shall only be used where obstacle clearance is gravely impaired; they shall always

be used for structures with a height of more than 100 m above ground or water level if, for technical

reasons, the highest point of the object cannot be lighted and the unlighted part of the object extends by

more than 15 m, or in the vicinity of an aerodrome by more than 3 m, above the hazard beacon (e.g.

chimneys, towers with rod antennas or similar). Such an unlighted part shall not be taller than 50 m or,

in the vicinity of an aerodrome, not taller than 15 m. If the width of the object is more than 150 m, the

corners of the object shall also be provided with hazard beacons. The distance between the

extremities of the object and the hazard beacon shall not be more than 75 m. Hazard beacons

mounted on lattice masts shall not be totally shielded by lattices in any direction.

Part 3

Wind Generators

Section 1.

General

11. Basic principle

Wind generators shall be regarded as general obstacles to air navigation (part II of the General

Administrative Regulation), unless provided otherwise in the following.

12. Wind farms

Several wind generators installed in a certain area may be combined into one wind farm. As a rule, all

wind generators of a farm shall be marked and / or lighted. The competent aeronautical authorities may

specify in individual cases that only the turbines located at the periphery of a wind farm shall be marked

and / or lighted and not those located in the centre of the wind farm. All lights shall be synchronised with

respect to cycle times and flash sequence.

Section 2

Marking and Lighting at Day-time

13. Use of colours

13.1

Item 5.2. shall apply to the colours for markings.

13.2

As a rule, turbine blades shall be white or grey and their tips shall be marked by three 6 m wide

coloured bands, beginning at the t ip with 6 m orange / red, followed by 6 m white/grey, followed by 6 m

orange / red. If the turbine has a height of more than 150 m above ground or water level, the middle of

the generator housing shall be marked with a 2 m wide orange / red band on each side and the tower

with a 3 m wide coloured ring in orange / red, beginning at 40 m +/-5 m above ground or water level. In

the case of lattice masts, this band shall be 6 m wide.

13.3

If it becomes necessary in special cases to mark wind generators with a height of up to 100 m above

ground or water level, the second orange / red band may be omitted if the turbine is located outside a

circular area with a radius of 5 km around the aerodrome reference point. The orange or red band may

be omitted if a white flashing light is approved in accordance with item 14.

13.4

For wind generators with a height of more than 100 m and up to 150 m above ground or water level for

which white flashing lights have been approved according to item 14, the orange / red marking of the ro-

tor blades may be omitted if a coloured ring is provided in accordance with item 13.2.

13.5

For wind generators with a height of more than 150 m above ground or water level for which white

flashing lights have been approved according to item 14, the second orange / red band and the

marking of the generator housing may be omitted. In this case, the distance between the white flashing

light and rotor blade tip may be up to 65 m.

14. White flashing lights

14.1

White flashing lights may be permitted as day marking. Item 6 shall apply accordingly.

14.2

If the visibility is more than 5000 m, the nominal luminous intensity may be reduced to 30%, and if the

visibility is more than 10 km, it may be reduced to 10%. The visual range shall be determined in ac-

cordance with Annex 4.

Section 3

Marking and Lighting of Obstacles at Night

15. General

15.1

At night, wind generators shall be denoted by obstacle lights (Annex 1), hazard beacons, bladetip

obstacle lights (Annex 2) or "W, red" lights (Annex 3).

15.2

For wind generators with a height of more than 150 m above ground or water level, additional obstacle

lights shall be provided at intermediate level(s) of the tower. At least two obstacle lights shall be visible

from any direction. When hazard beacons or "W, red" lights are used, the level(s) where the lights are

mounted on the tower shall not be shielded by rotor blades that are at standstill.

15.3

It shall be ensured (for example, by dual lights) that at least one light is visible by a pilot approaching

from any direction, even if the rotor is at standstill or if the rotational speed is synchronous with the

flash rate.

16. Bladetip obstacle lights

16.1

When wind generators are equipped with bladetip obstacle lights, the generator housing shall be

provided with additional obstacle lights.

16.2

It shall be ensured by means of the control units that the tip of the highest blade is lighted and the

lighting is switched on over an angle of rotation of ±60° (±90° in the case of 2-blade rotors) with

respect to the vertical position of the blade. The radiation angle of an obstacle light shall be 360°

around the rotor tip; the radiation angle within which the minimum luminous intensity of 10 cd is

guaranteed shall not be less than ±60° perpendicular to the narrow side of the object, and ±10°

perpendicular to the broad side of the object (Annex 2). All rotor tips shall be lighted when the rotor is

at a standstill or when the rotational speed is less than 50 % of the lowest design speed.

17. Hazard beacons

17.1

When hazard beacons (2000 cd) are used, the unlighted part of the obstacle shall not extend by more

than 15 m above the hazard beacon, if the obstacle is located in the vicinity of an aerodrome, or by

more than 50 m, if the obstacle is not located within the vicinity of an aerodrome. Hazard beacons shall

not be totally shielded by the rotor blades in any direction.

17.2

Alternatively, dual "W, red" lights may be mounted on top of the generator housing; the specifications of

"W, red" lights are contained in Annex 3. In this case, the unlighted part of the obstacle may extend by

up to 65 m above the "W, red" light.

17.3

The "W, red" light may be shielded downwards; the minimum luminous intensity specified in Annex 3

shall, however, be met.

17.4

If the visibility is more than 5000 m, the nominal luminous in tensity of the hazard beacons and of the

“W, red” lights may be reduced to 30%, and if the visibility is more than 10 km it may be reduced to

10%. The visual range shall be determined in accor-dance with Annex 4.

Section 4

Marking and Lighting of Structures / Systems in Seashore Areas

18. Range of application

The following provisions for day marking and night marking apply to wind generators located in coastal

waters, the adjoining inner waters and the Exclusive Economic Area.

19. Marking and lighting at day-time

19.1.

For the marking and lighting of wind generators and other systems, unless provided otherwise in the

following. When using white flashing lights according to the provisions as laid down under item 6, it is to

be made sure that these will not affect the security and the ease of navigation, and, especially, that a

mistake with sea marks / aids to maritime navigation is excluded.

19.2

The rotor blades of wind generators and other systems shall be marked by three 6 m wide bands in the

colours orange / white / orange or red / grey / red respectively in accordance with item 5.2, beginning at

the rotor tip. The tower shall be marked / lighted according to the regulations and provisions of the

German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration about the design, the marking and the

management of wind farms and other systems for the maintenance of the security and the ease of mari-

time navigation.

20. Marking and lighting at nighttime

20.1

At nighttime, wind generators shall be lighted by a (dual) "W, red" light or blade-tip lighting. Items

15.2, 15.3, 16 and 17.3 shall be applied accordingly.

20.2

The cycle times and the flash sequences (marking) of all the beacons within wind farms shall be

coordinated (synchronized with or at least adjusted to) with the aids to navigation / signals for shipping.

In this connection the regulations and provisions of the German Federal Waterways and Shipping

Administration about the design, the marking and the management of wind farms and other systems in

maritime areas for the maintenance of the security and the ease of maritime navigation shall be

observed.

Part 4

Marking and Lighting of Vehicles on Aerodrome Operating Areas

21. Marking and lighting at day-time

21.1

Apron vehicles shall be coloured conspicuously. Additional use of emblems or letters in fluorescent or

retroreflective colours shall be permitted.

21.2

Fire-fighting and other rescue vehicles shall, as a rule, be red or red and while; ambulances do not

require any additional marking. Fuelling vehicles shall be marked as such; normally, the large company

liveries will be sufficient. Snow- and ice removal, rescue and similar vehicles shall be fully orange or

yellow. Follow-me vehicles shall bear a chequered yellow-black pattern: the sides of the individual

rectangles shall have a length of 30 to 60 cm.

22. Marking and lighting at nighttime

22.1

Service vehicles operating on the apron shall turn on their headlights when it gets dark. The lights of

the vehicles shall comply with the German Road Traffic Licensing Regulation (StVZO). The hazard

warning lights of vehicles shall only be switched on in the case of danger but never in normal

operations.

22.2

When performing operational functions,

- snow and ice removal, recovery and similar vehicles shall display a yellow flashing light

which can be seen from any direction,

- follow-me vehicles shall display a yellow flashing light and / or a red flashing light which

can be seen from any direction,

- ambulances, fire-fighting and other rescue vehicles shall display a blue flashing light which

can be seen from any direction. At the sides and at the back of such vehicles, blue flashing lights may

additionally be displayed for better conspicuity.

22.3

The luminous intensity of the flashing lights and other light sources shall be selected such that the

lights are conspicuous without outshining each other or dazzling.

Part 5

Procedures and Final Provisions

23. Participation of DFS German Air Traffic Control (Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH) and German

Administration of Waterways and Navigation (Wasser- und Schiffahrtsverwaltung).

23.1

The decision concerning the marking / lighting of obstacles to air navigation shall be made on the

basis of an expert statement to be provided by the body entrusted with the provision of the air navigation

services under Art. 31 para 3 of the German Aviation Act (LuftVG). If requirements specified in this

statement are to be waived, the aeronautical authority of the Land shall obtain the consent of the

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS). DFS shall be informed

without delay of all new obstacles to air navigation so that their data and specifications can be included

in the Aeronautical Information Publication (A1P). Appropriate answers shall be provided if DFS has any

questions concerning existing obstacles.

23.2

If obstacles to air navigation according to item 3.3 or wind generators according to item 18 are put up,

decisions concerning the markings have to be taken according to the expert´s opinion of the competent

authorities of the German Administration of Waterways and Navigation which are in charge of the

security and ease of navigation according to § 31 Federal Waterways Act (= “Bundeswasser-

straßengesetz”) and § 3 section 1 of the Federal Waterways Operating Act (= “Seeaufgabengesetz”).

The competent air navigation authorities can overrule the requirements of these respective expert´s

opinion only with the consent of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development.

24. Usability of lights

All lights used shall have to meet the requirements established by these Administrative Regulation.

The Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development publishes such authorities as to

be authorized to give respective expert´s opinions.

25. Transitional provisions

Existing markings / lightings shall be adapted to comply with the standards of this regulation when they

are replaced. Exemptions concerning existing markings / lighting of obstacles to air navigation granted

by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development shall remain valid

notwithstanding the coming into force of this General Administrative Regulation.

26. Exemptions

Any deviations from the provisions of this General Administrative Regulation which may be accepted in

individual cases shall be subject to the consent of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban

Development.

27. Coming into force

The General Administrative Regulation shall come into force on the date of its publication in the

Federal Gazette (Bundesanzeiger).

Annex 1

Specifications for Obstacle Lights

Obstacle lights are omnidirectional lights with a horizontal angle range of 360° or sectional lights with

a horizontal angle range of < 360 °. The colour of the lights shall be in compliance with the require-

ments of ICAO Annex 14, Volume 1, Appendix 1, item 2.1. “Colours for Aeronautical Ground Lights”.

The luminous intensity shall be demonstrated in accordance with the current standards and ad-

ministrative regulations.

With respect to the horizontal, the luminous intensity shall be at least 10 cd in a vertical angle range

from +10 ° (upward radiation) to –2 ° (downward radiation) and for each horizontal direction (0 ° m Ф <

360 °)

Unobstructed view of a lamp shall be ensured from all horizontal directions at a vertical angle range

from – 5 ° to 50 °.

Additional requirements for sectional lights:

For the marking and lighting of a level with sectional lights the number of lights to be installed shall

meet the requirements as laid down in item 9.2.

Example:

A windgenerator – i.e. a slender obstacle – has to be equipped with at least four sectional lights with a

horizontal angle range of > 180°, because unobstructed view of two lights with a minimum luminous

intensity of 10 cd must be ensured from all direction. When using sectional lights with a horizontal

angle range of < 180 °, the number of lights has to be adjusted accordingly.

Upward radiationφ

Unobstructed sight of lamp in thetotal angle range of -5° bis 50°

Horizon

Downward radiation

10°

5° 2°

55°

Luminous intensity:

The luminous intensity for all angles <Ф> shall be above the hatched area.

Vertical radiation angle+5° +10°-5°-10° 0°

Upwardradiation

Downwardradiation

10 cd

Luminous intensity

Annex 2

Specifications for Blade-tip Obstacle Lights

The colour of the lights shall be in compliance with the requirements of ICAO Annex 14, Volume I,

Appendix 1, item 2.1, "Colours for aeronautical ground lights". The luminous intensity shall be demon-

strated in accordance with IEC.

The luminous intensity of a rotor blade pointing straight upward shall be at least 10 cd in the following

angle ranges.

For three-blade rotors:

- perpendicular to the narrow side in a vertical angle range of ±60°,

- in all other horizontal directions, and thus also perpendicular to the broad side in a

vertical angle range of ±10°.

For two-blade rotors:

- perpendicular to the narrow side in a vertical angle range from + 90° to - 60°,

- in all other horizontal directions, and thus also perpendicular to the broad side in a

vertical angle range of ±10°.

Geometry for the angles of radiation perpendicular to the narrow side:

+60°

-60°

+60°Horizon

-60° -60°

Horizon

-60°

+90°+90°

Three-blade rotor Two-blade rotor

Geometry for the angles of radiation perpendicular to the broad side:

Horizon

-10°-10°

+10°+10°

Switching times for rotating blades:

The highest rotor blade shall be switched on in the angle range of

±60° around the apogee, in the case of a three-blade rotor; and

±90° around the apogee, in the case of a two-blade rotor.

Horizon

Three-blade rotor Two-blade rotor

60°60°

Switching time Switching time

90°90°

All tips shall be lighted when the rotor is at a standstill.

Annex 3

Specifications for Lights “W, red”

The colour of the lights shall be in compliance with the requirements of ICAO Annex 14. Volume I,

Appendix 1, item 2.1, "Colours for aeronautical ground lights". The luminous intensity shall be

demonstrated in accordance with EEC.

With respect to the horizontal, the luminous intensity shall achieve the required minimum values in the

angle ranges given below and for each horizontal direction (0° <Ф< 360°).

Geometrie:

φ

Horizon

Downward radiation

Upward radiation+/-5°:100 cd

+/-10°:20 cd

+/-15°:2 cd

Luminous intensity:

The effective operating intensity for all horizontal angles Ф shall be above the hatched area.

Vertical radiation angle+5° +10°-5°-10° 0°

Effective operating intensity

+15°-15°

Upward radiationDownward radiation

100 cd

20 cd

2 cd

The "W, red" light shall be operated as a rhythmic light.

The rhythm shall be:

1 s on - 0.5 s off - 1 s on - 1.5 s off.

The threshold value for the determination of the on-times shall be 50% of the maximum intensity.

I

time

1 s

50%

The effective operating luminous intensity Ioperating is calculated from the photometrically measured

values by converting the duration of light I into an effective intensity Ieffective according to DIN V / ENV

50234 (European preliminary standard) and by multiplying the result by the factor 0.75.

Alternatively, the effective intensity may also be converted by means of the Schmidt-Clausen method

specified in the Administrative Regu-lation VV-WSV 2405 of the German Federal Waterways and

Shipping Administration.

If it is possible, for example, for photometric purposes, to operate a new light in continuous mode, the

relationship between the photome-tric intensity Iphoto and the effective operating intensity Ioperating

can be estimated as follows.

I operation in cd I photo in cd

100 170

20 34

2 3,4

Annex 4:

Visual Range Measurement

Visual range shall be determined as meteorological visibility in keeping with the German standard DIN

5037 Sheet 2 by means of a device accepted by the German meteorological service DWD. In the case

of wind parks, the distance between a wind generator with visual range measuring equipment and wind

generators without visual range measuring equipment shall not be more than 1500 m. The measuring

devices shall be installed close to the generator housing. The worst value measured by one of the

measuring devices shall be used for the entire park. In the case of failure of one measuring device, all

lights shall be operated at an intensity of 100%. The data concerning the correct operation and the

results of the measuring devices shall be continuously recorded. The records shall be retained for a

minimum of four weeks.

The correct operation of the lighting controls shall be tested by an independent institute / institution

before the lighting system is put into service. The test protocol shall be submitted to the authorising

authority.

Annex 5 Graphical Representation

Figure 1

Day Marking and / or Lighting

Figure 2

Lighting of Obstacles at Night

Figure 3

Figure 4