GGender issues ender issues inin Poland Poland

Dr. Maria Aleksandrovich, PhDDr. Maria Aleksandrovich, PhDDepartment of PsychologyDepartment of Psychology

Pomeranian University, Slupsk, PolandPomeranian University, Slupsk, Poland

Presented on the 21st of October 2013Presented on the 21st of October 2013At the Scientific Seminar in the University in UstAt the Scientific Seminar in the University in Ustii nad Labem nad Labem

“Women and men in the Polish Republic have equal rights in family, politics, society and economics. Women and men have equal rights, in particular to education, employment and promotion, equal pay for work of equal value, to social security, to hold onces, and to receive public honours and decorations.No one shall be discriminated against in political, social or economic life for any reason.”

Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, art. 32.2, 33.1/2

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Polanduntil the end of the 19th until the end of the 19th

centurycentury In Polish history we can see ‘mild In Polish history we can see ‘mild

patriarchalism’ in the relations patriarchalism’ in the relations between people of different genders between people of different genders and respect to women from the men’s and respect to women from the men’s side from Middle Age;side from Middle Age;

Lower class: Women played a Lower class: Women played a significant role only as wives;significant role only as wives;

Upper class: Women had strong social Upper class: Women had strong social position.position.

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Polandin the 19th beginning of 20th in the 19th beginning of 20th

centurycentury In 1810 ‘The regulation of girls boarding

schools and schools for girls’, prepared by the Chamber of Education;;

In 1825 in Warsaw the Governesses’ Institute was opened, which was later transformed into the State Institute for Female Education;

In 1840 Julia Molińska opened the first secondary school for girls;

In 1891 the State Dental School for Women was opened in Warsaw;

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Polandin the 19th beginning of 20th in the 19th beginning of 20th

centurycentury In Poland women first gained the right to

study at university level at the end of the 19th century.

In 1919 the Education Programme for Secondary Schools gave a solid basis for the reconstruction of Polish secondary education;

In 1920 the new curricula came with the same terms in education for girls and boys.

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Polandin the 20th centuryin the 20th century

In October of 1939, a Secret Teaching Organization was created;

In 1940 the Department of Education and Culture of the Government Delegation for Poland was created;

The development of the education system was approved by the act on 16th July 1961, this act agreed the political system and organisational structure of schools: schools became uniformed, free, public and secular.

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Polandin the 20th centuryin the 20th century

Since 1990 many individuals or organizations have opened schools at all levels. Private schooling is not well developed and constitutes a small percentage of all schools. The percentage of gender division is basically insignicant.

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Poland today todayFrom the address by Ms Elzbieta Radziszewska Government

Plenipotentiary for Equal Treatment at the 55th session of the Commission on the Status of Woman,

New York, 22 February – 4 March, 2011.

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Poland today today

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Poland today today

Gender issuesGender issues: : PolandPoland in EU in EU Thanks to girls’ great strides in education in recent years,

today’s 15-year-old girls are, on average, more ambitious than boys. However, boys’ and girls’ decision to pursue certain careers, and make the most of their potential, is still driven by factors that are not necessarily related to their actual skills.

On average, girls are 11 percentage points more likely than boys to expect to work as legislators, senior officials, managers and professionals;

Only 5% of girls in OECD countries, on average, expect a career in engineering and computing, while 18% of boys expect a career in these fields;

In every OECD country, more girls than boys expect a career in health and medicine.

Gender issuesGender issues: : PolandPoland in EU in EU

Gender issuesGender issues: P: Polandoland in EU in EU

Gender issuesGender issues: : PolandPoland in EU in EU

Gender issues in PolandGender issues in Poland today today

Thank you very much for your Thank you very much for your attention!attention!