gender in value chain: ilri/ipms experience in ethiopia
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Ephrem Tesema at the Multi-Stakeholder’s Symposium on Empowering Women in Value Chains, Beshale Hotel, Addis Ababa, 15 March 2012.TRANSCRIPT
Gender in Value Chain: ILRI/IPMS Experience in Ethiopia
Multi-Stakeholder’s Symposium on Empowering Women in Value Chains Beshale Hotel, Addis Ababa, 15 March 2012
Ephrem Tesema
Outline
Background ObjectiveTarget PLWObjective of Gender AnalysisMethods & ProcessesFindings & LearningConclusion
Background to ILRI/IPMS Project
Market Oriented Agricultural Productivity (Crop & Livestock)
Gender Sensitive ApproachInnovative ApproachTargeted Smallholder men & women
FarmersCommodity Based
Objective of ILRI/IPMS
Increased Productivity
Ensured Market Success
Capacity Building and Partnership
Target PLW
10 PLW in 4 regions4PAS/woreda10-28 community members/PA1/3-1/2 are women participantsSeparate discussions held with M&W4 communities involved in the analysis
Objective IPMS Gender Analysis
To understand the role of men & women in rural communities:
-Production
-Marketing
-Decision Making
- Benefit Sharing
Gender Objective Cont’d
To identify potential barriers:
-For men’s and women’s participation in market led development initiative
To identify
-The required action by the project
-potential partners
Methods and Processes
Focus of the Analysis
Division of labor in commodity productionGender roles in marketing commoditiesAccess, control and benefits of resourcesControl of income from the sale of
commoditiesDecision making roles…
Sharing & Dissemination
Using various events Using various communication Mediums Publication
-Working papers
-Participatory toolkits
-Training manuals
-IEC Materials
Findings/Learning (Gender in Rural Population)
Gender Characteristics of Rural populations Women
-Workload of rural women In Ethiopia
-Most rural women work 10-12 hours/day
-Vary b/n wet & dry season
-Have little time for leisure or socializing
-Major source of labor in agriculture
Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Engaged in diverse off-farm activities,
-Influenced by the local farming systems
-Resource endowments
-Wealth in rich and middle wealth hhs
-Half less time to participate in formal dev.
Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Sell fuel wood, sorghum/maize stalk -Engaged in cotton spinning or injera making for sell-Brewing and selling local alcohol
Men-Work as casual laborer on farm and in the home of rich HHs
Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Men also undertake a wide range of off- farm activities influenced by wealth -Rich men involved in activities that require capital -Trading in agricultural product -Investing in processing equipments-Lending money -Poor HHs work as casual laborers -Migrate temporarily for work
Findings/Learning Cont’d
-In rain fed farming systems, men’s workload is lightest during the dry season compared to HHs with access to irrigated land
FHH-15-35% average in Ethiopia
-Belongs to poorer HH in most communities
Findings/Learning Cont’d
-Few FHH in the rich or middle wealth categories
-The challenges of FHHs are different from those MHHs
-Often overlooked by development partners
Findings/Learning Cont’d
Production (skill, input & Technology)
Men
-Dominate decisions HH /information
-Higher access for technology/Skills
-Higher control for productive assets
-Dominate decision in Technology uptake
Findings/Learning Cont’d
WomenLack of access for formal information
sourcesLack of access for skills trainingLack of access for extensions servicesLess involved in uptake of improved T.But situations vary ( HH types, region etc.)
Key Lessons from IPMS
Couples Training Enforce gender balanced involvement in
Trainings Taking skills to the village (FTC) Capacitate front line development agents Women’s involvement: - field day, visits, exhibitions etc. Linkage with GO,NGO and PS
Key Lessons from IPMS
Women Dominated commoditiesMen Dominated commoditiesCommodities done by both sexesTraining Composition (%)Ways of Information Dissemination
Findings/Learning Cont’d
Market( men, women, poor, middle & rich)
-Men from R & M HH sell major crops
-Travel distant markets/secure better prices
-Women & poor farmers accept prices at local markets
-Same directly sell to consumers
-Men in better off HH sell P. to P. traders & cooperatives
Key Lesson from Marketing
Market engagement differs for men & women (wealth & HH category)
Women have little control over high value crops
Of 13 crop commodities men controls income from 11crops
Women controls & share income only from 2 crops
Challenges
Partnership Availability of Technology Partner staff mobility Gender balance in partner public org. Capital scarcity stands as a major barrier
-women farmers - poor - tends to leave them out of the technology development process
Conclusion
While designing projects-Gender diagnostic analysis-women potentials not part of the problems
It is also relevant to consider -input preferences of women in the
value chain analysis (market/home consumption)
-Mapping men and women roles -Its relevance in gender in value chain
Conclusion
- Challenges of men/women in technology uptake
-Challenges in accessing financial and other productive resources
-Mapping institutions along the value chain and its gender aspect
Conclusion
Emphasis:It is required to conduct site and commodity specific analysis to understand gender roles and relations in livestock and crop value chain:Diagnostic…Gender in V C.
Thanks
W/ro Elfinesh Bermeji, a successful women farmer sharing her experience on beekeeping for AGP-gender Trainees, from Tigrai, Amhara, Oromiya and SNNP Regional State,Denkaka PA, Adaa IPMS Pilot Learning Woreda, Oromia,Photo by Ephrem Tesema,Nov.18,2011.