gen okajima - central japan railway company - key safety issues in japan’s high speed rail network
DESCRIPTION
Gen Okajima, General Manager, Central Japan Railway Company delivered this presentation at the Rail Safety Conference 2014. Rail Safety 2014 brought together the key national decision-makers to deliver new ideas and develop innovative ways to leverage technology for safer outcomes. For more information, please visit http://www.railsafetyconference.com.au/rs14TRANSCRIPT
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Gen Okajima Central Japan Railway Co. Sydney
The Japanese Experience: 50 years of safe high speed rail operation
Rail Safety 2014 26/03/2014
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Tokaido Shinkansen • The World’s FIRST High-Speed Rail - In operation since 1964 funded by World Bank (*French TGV since 1981, German ICE since 1991)
• Even now, the Leading High Speed Rail in the World
Series 0 (1964) 1st Generation
Series N700 (2007) 5th Generation
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Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
ZERO passenger injuries or fatalities from train accidents
- Safety
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Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
- Punctuality
minutes / train *1 *2
*1 : Including delays due to uncontrollable causes, such as natural disasters
*2 : Standard for train delays; JR Central : “delay” = >1 minute, Europe : “delay” = >15 minutes
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6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 ・・・ Tokyo
Shinagawa
Nagoya
Shin-Osaka
Shin-Yokohama
Kyoto
Train Schedule Diagrams as of March 2012
*1:Excluding extra service
- Mass Transport
Key Features of the Tokaido Shinkansen
323 trains/day*1 386,000 3 min. intvl at peak time
passengers / day
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Safety in the Shinkansen
Technology (Hardware)
Core Concepts
Management/ Workforce (Software)
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Safety in the Shinkansen
Technology (Hardware)
Core Concepts
Management/ Workforce (Software)
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研究施設概要(現在)
Test Track
Test Facilities Building C
Real Scale Test Structure
New technology- Komaki Research Center
! Opened July 2002 Site area: Approx. 73ha Use area: Approx. 20ha
Employees Research & Development Division: Approx. 120 Planning & Project Division: Approx. 30
Ground area
The Facilities Building A
Track & Structural Dynamics Simulator
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Inner fastening brake disk (Series N700)
・ Reduces the extent of disk deformation caused by friction heat when brakes are operated and also obtains higher frictional force
・ Shortened stopping distance in overhead-line failure (caused by earthquakes, etc.) by improving deceleration
■Employing the central fastening brake disc to shorten braking distance
Central fastening brake disc (Series N700A)
Improved Safety
long linings short
Large deformation Small
deformation
wheel wheel axle axle
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Improved Safety
■New decision support tool for measuring flood erosion
Vibration tester (automated)
Vibration tester (manual)
Weight
Automated impact vibration device
Change in natural vibration
No damage Damage
Vibration: large Shakes quickly
Vibration: small Shakes slowly
Vibration tester
Vibration tester
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Improved Safety
■Large-scale renovation program
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Safety in the Shinkansen
Technology (Hardware)
Core Concepts
Management/ Workforce (Software)
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- The use of dedicated tracks exclusively for high-speed passenger rail service
- A fail-safe, reliable, proven Automatic Train Control
(ATC)
Concept of Crash Avoidance on a dedicated track is characterized by two key cornerstones:
Crash Avoidance Concept
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Shinkansen
- Complete separation from: • Freight traffic (pulled by heavy locomotives with lower braking performance)
• Lower speed passenger traffic (poor running performance)
• Road traffic
Road Traffic
Zero possibility of catastrophic collision with freight, lower speed passenger and road traffic
Crash Avoidance Concept- dedicated tracks
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Brake Pattern
Speed (Running Curve)
Preceding Train
(ii) Information regarding Location of Preceding Train
(iii) On-board ATC System calculates Brake Pattern
ATC Ground Facility
(iv) When Speed > Brake Pattern Applying Brake Command
(i) Detecting the Preceding Train
ATC Ground Facility
- Eliminates possibility of collision with the preceding train - 100% safety record in Japan for over 50 years
Crash Avoidance Concept- ATC System
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Crash Avoidance Concept- lighter load, lower cost
Less sturdy structure with light body t
Axle load
* Source : ”World High Speed Rolling Stock,” UIC Website, May 2009
5 10 15 20
1
2
3
17
16
11.2
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軌道中心間隔4.3m 軌道中心間隔4.5m
R=4,750
R=6,250
TGV
Size of lanes Small Large
Shinkansen 63㎡
100㎡
Tunnel Cross Section
Source: Japanese Government, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism
Smaller Infrastructure • Smaller tunnels • Less land acquisition
4.3m 4.5m TGV-POS LGV Est
<320km/h
Crash Avoidance Concept- cost effective
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N700 TGV-POS ICE-3JRC simulation based on public data assuming 50km level tracks between stations the simulation used data from. TGV: “TGV POS PREPARES to enter service,” Railway Gazette International, Dec. 2006, P784-785 ICE: “ ICE Multiple Unit for the European High-Speed Rail Services of German Rail (DB AG) and Netherlands Railways (NS),” Technical Information, Siemens AG
Energy Consumption per Seat (Wh/km/seat)
26
57 55
Crash Avoidance Concept- Eco Friendly
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Crash Avoidance concept- reliability
Mixed tracks :
Dedicated tracks :
!!
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Reliability/Safety- how can we achieve it?
Technology (Hardware)
Core concepts
Management/ Workforce (Software)
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Software - how can we develop it?
Training
Kaizen
Culture moulding
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Training
Kaizen
Culture moulding
Software - how can we develop it?
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《Skill development》
We regularly reassess the knowledge and skills of train crews to maintain safe operations.
Simulator for Shinkansen Drivers Simulator for Shinkansen Conductors
Software - training
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Catenary wire recovery
Evacuation of passengers
General training sessions simulating actual accidents
Repair of derailed rolling stock.
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Employee General Training Centre
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Training: employee education
Supervisor Driver
Supervisors
All front staff
Dialogue / Mutual respect
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Learning System (CJR e-Learning system) -Started in 1996 -30 courses -8,000 employees / yr
Training: Self Development
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Training
Kaizen
Culture moulding
Software - how can we develop it?
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Software - Kaizen
Identify the
problem
Analyse the
problem
Apply way to
improve process
Check the
results
Standardise
Kaizen for
-safety
-reliability
-better service
-efficiency
-satisfying intellectual curiosity
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Software - Kaizen in action Background:
• Mechanical door requires constant maintenance including washing mechanical parts
• Washing oil costs tens of millions of yen
Before:
• Replacement cycle of the washing oil varied by staff
• Staff changed the washing oil when the colour looked ugly
Analysis:
• Dirty oil still has ability to clean the mechanism.
• Impurities are needed to be removed
Critical issue for reliable, safe operation if the door does not open/close as operated
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Software - Kaizen in action
New method:
• Reuse the washing oil
• Introduce foreign matter separator
After:
• Cost saved
• Washing quality is more standardised
More reliable, safe rail services with less costs
Cock
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Training
Kaizen
Culture moulding
Software - how can we develop it?
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Software - culture moulding
• The processes, values and assumptions developed by a group over time, that is then passed on to new members of the group
• How is culture moulded?
1. Primary: Management behaviour; resources and awards; promotions
2. Secondary: Organisational structures; design; ceremonies, rituals and stories; formal mission and value statements
Schein 2004.
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Software - Culture Moulding (2ndary)
3 Safety requires absolute confirmation and thorough communication.
4 Safety requires cooperation as one beyond assigned tasks.
5 When in doubt, take the action deemed safest and ensure that nothing is missed.
1 Safety is the number one priority of our transportation service.
2 Safety starts with strict adherence to rules and fulfillment of duties, and rests on continual self improvement.
Keep sending the safety-1st message everywhere
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《sleeping management》
Encouraging catnap at their break time in dedicated areas
Data input
Output: advise from medical doctor
• Work at better condition
• Draw attention to health management (safety culture)
Software - Culture Moulding (2ndary)
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Primary means make safety culture sustainable
Software - Culture Moulding (Primary)
Management which
• Respond properly against critical safety incidents
• Allocate human/capital resources for making secondary means
• Find and reward staff who pay attention to safety issues
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Conclusion
Safety
Core concepts
Technology (Hardware)
Manage ment /
Workforce (Software)
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Thank you for your attention.
Please feel free to contact us at:
Central Japan Railway Company-‐-‐Sydney Suite 501, Level 5
20 Hunter Street, Sydney 2000 E-‐mail: info@jr-‐central-‐au.com
Phone: (02) 9221 6922