GEF Strategic Priorities Biodiversity

John HoughJohn Hough

RBEC Environment & Energy Practice WorkshopRBEC Environment & Energy Practice Workshop

Almaty, Kazakhstan. 6-9 October 2004Almaty, Kazakhstan. 6-9 October 2004

Why the Strategic Priorities?

• GEF 4 year funding cyclesGEF 4 year funding cycles

• Replenishment negotiationsReplenishment negotiations

• Overall Performance Study - OPS 2Overall Performance Study - OPS 2

• End of GEF 3 (2002)End of GEF 3 (2002)

• More than $1 billion spent on BiodiversityMore than $1 billion spent on Biodiversity

• Impact UnknownImpact Unknown

• GEF/C.21/Inf.11 Strategic Business Planning: Directions and Targets.GEF/C.21/Inf.11 Strategic Business Planning: Directions and Targets.

(GEF Council. May 14-16, 2003.)(GEF Council. May 14-16, 2003.)

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Not Addressing Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss4 (a) Narrowly focused individual site-4 (a) Narrowly focused individual site-

specific projects have largely failed to specific projects have largely failed to address root causes such as economic address root causes such as economic and social policies and lack of political and social policies and lack of political will within the development agenda.will within the development agenda.

Project links to social and political Project links to social and political aspects of sustainable development aspects of sustainable development have been poorly developed and have been poorly developed and mainstreamed.mainstreamed.

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Weak Sectoral Linkages

4 (b) Weak links to other sectors of the 4 (b) Weak links to other sectors of the economy that influence project success.economy that influence project success.

The portfolio is overly structured towards The portfolio is overly structured towards individual projects with a tendency for individual projects with a tendency for biodiversity to be stand alone, resulting biodiversity to be stand alone, resulting in poor mainstreaming within other in poor mainstreaming within other sectors.sectors.

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Incompatible Funding Patterns

4 (c) Funding patterns that are 4 (c) Funding patterns that are incompatible with the absorptive incompatible with the absorptive capacity of project areas or capacity of project areas or implementing or partner institutions and implementing or partner institutions and long term needs.long term needs.

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Little Project Sustainability

4 (d) Only about 10% of projects have 4 (d) Only about 10% of projects have substantially addressed sustainability.substantially addressed sustainability.

… … it is difficult to establish whether or not it is difficult to establish whether or not results and institutional gains continued results and institutional gains continued after project completionafter project completion

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Little Private Sector Involvement

4 (f) Failure to fully realize and 4 (f) Failure to fully realize and disseminate innovative financing disseminate innovative financing mechanisms and to strengthen private mechanisms and to strengthen private sector involvement in biodiversity.sector involvement in biodiversity.

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Overall Strategic Approach for the Biodiversity Focal Area in

FY04-06

5 (a) Place greater emphasis on 5 (a) Place greater emphasis on sustainability of results and the potential sustainability of results and the potential for replication;for replication;

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5 (b) Move beyond the current projects-5 (b) Move beyond the current projects-based emphasis … to more strategic based emphasis … to more strategic approaches that systematically targets approaches that systematically targets [sic] country enabling environments to [sic] country enabling environments to address biodiversity conservation over address biodiversity conservation over the long termthe long term

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5 (d) Engage with the private sector more 5 (d) Engage with the private sector more effectivelyeffectively

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5 (g) Continue to strengthen IA’s role as 5 (g) Continue to strengthen IA’s role as brokers in the development agenda brokers in the development agenda within the context of country-driven within the context of country-driven Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), Country Assistance (PRSPs), Country Assistance Strategies (CASs) and other such tools;Strategies (CASs) and other such tools;

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5 (h) Improve dissemination of tools, 5 (h) Improve dissemination of tools, lessons learned and best practices lessons learned and best practices among broader audiences.among broader audiences.

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6 (b) Better placing individual projects 6 (b) Better placing individual projects within the context of strengthening within the context of strengthening country or regional natural resource country or regional natural resource policy frameworks, management policy frameworks, management programs and financing strategies;programs and financing strategies;

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Four major themes run across the above priorities:

(a) Capacity building(a) Capacity building

(b) Participation of government agencies (b) Participation of government agencies beyond “green” agenciesbeyond “green” agencies

(c) Enhancing and sustaining participation of (c) Enhancing and sustaining participation of local and indigenous communities and the local and indigenous communities and the private sectorprivate sector

(d) Enhancing linkages with other focal areas of (d) Enhancing linkages with other focal areas of the GEFthe GEF

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1994-2002 : GEF1 and GEF 2

Operational Programmes

OP1: Arid and semi-arid ecosystemsOP1: Arid and semi-arid ecosystems

OP2: Coastal, freshwater & marine ecosystemsOP2: Coastal, freshwater & marine ecosystems

OP3: Forest ecosystemsOP3: Forest ecosystems

OP4: Mountain ecosystemsOP4: Mountain ecosystems

OP13: Agro-ecosystemsOP13: Agro-ecosystems

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Strategic Approach for GEF3 (2003-2006)

• Sustainability of results and potential for Sustainability of results and potential for replicationreplication

• Longer term strategic approaches to raise capacity Longer term strategic approaches to raise capacity / enabling environments/ enabling environments

• Mainstreaming in other sectorsMainstreaming in other sectors

• Engaging the private sectorEngaging the private sector

• Sustainable use and benefit sharingSustainable use and benefit sharing

• Integration into the development agendaIntegration into the development agenda

• Dissemination of tools, lessons, best practisesDissemination of tools, lessons, best practises

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Biodiversity Programming GEF 3:Strategic Priorities

• BD1. Catalyzing the Sustainability of Protected BD1. Catalyzing the Sustainability of Protected Area Systems ($260m)Area Systems ($260m)

• BD2. Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Production BD2. Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Production Systems ($207m)Systems ($207m)

• BD3. Capacity Building for the Cartagena Protocol BD3. Capacity Building for the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety ($45m)on Biosafety ($45m)

• BD4. Generation and Dissemination of Best BD4. Generation and Dissemination of Best Practises for addressing current and emerging Practises for addressing current and emerging issues in Biodiversity ($40m)issues in Biodiversity ($40m)

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BD1. Catalyzing the Sustainability of Protected

Areas ($260m)

• Catalyze theCatalyze the

• sustainablesustainable

• expansion,expansion,

• consolidation, andconsolidation, and

• rationalizationrationalization

• of protected area systemsof protected area systems

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BD1. Targets & IndicatorsTarget (coverage)Target (coverage) Performance IndicatorPerformance Indicator

> 15 countries supported> 15 countries supported x (y%) countries show x (y%) countries show improvements in management improvements in management

effectiveness (policy, legislation, effectiveness (policy, legislation, capacity , budgets)capacity , budgets)

> 400 pa’s supported, 20% new > 400 pa’s supported, 20% new additionsadditions

x (y%) PA’s supported show x (y%) PA’s supported show improved management improved management

effectivenesseffectiveness

>70 million ha. pa’s supported>70 million ha. pa’s supported x replications reported & verifiedx replications reported & verified

>30% resources to capacity >30% resources to capacity building (special attention building (special attention

indigenous & local communities)indigenous & local communities)

no. of pa’s and area on “global no. of pa’s and area on “global priority lists” (increases?) priority lists” (increases?)

2020

BD1: Sustainability of Protected Area Systems

Examples:Examples:

• Demonstration and implementation of Demonstration and implementation of innovative financial mechanismsinnovative financial mechanisms

• Legal, policy & regulatory changesLegal, policy & regulatory changes

• Institutional developmentInstitutional development

• Community-indigenous initiativesCommunity-indigenous initiatives

• Removing barriers to public-private Removing barriers to public-private partnershipspartnerships

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BD2. Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Production

Systems ($207m)

• Facilitate the mainstreaming of Facilitate the mainstreaming of biodiversity within production systems biodiversity within production systems (systemic and institutional capacities)(systemic and institutional capacities)

• Developing market incentive measuresDeveloping market incentive measures

• Demonstration (not replication)Demonstration (not replication)

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Increasing focus on barriers

• Increasing focus on production Increasing focus on production system/sector-wide barriers as opposed to system/sector-wide barriers as opposed to site based threatssite based threats

• Consider what are the barriers that prevent Consider what are the barriers that prevent sustainable use/maintenance of biodiversity sustainable use/maintenance of biodiversity in production landscapes or sectors?in production landscapes or sectors?

• Increased focus on systemic and institutional Increased focus on systemic and institutional capacitycapacity

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Sector vs Site• BD2 allows us to focus on a select number of root causes BD2 allows us to focus on a select number of root causes

to biodiversity loss and hence we can have projects to biodiversity loss and hence we can have projects focusing just on one sector without securing specific site focusing just on one sector without securing specific site biodiversity benefitsbiodiversity benefits

• Focus on landscape (spatial) or sector / industry / businessFocus on landscape (spatial) or sector / industry / business

• Engagement of key sectors: NRM based (Agriculture, Engagement of key sectors: NRM based (Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries), others (Tourism, Infrastructure, Oil, Forestry, Fisheries), others (Tourism, Infrastructure, Oil, Gas etc.) Gas etc.)

• Partnerships with range of actors: government, industry, Partnerships with range of actors: government, industry, SMEs, local communities etc.SMEs, local communities etc.

• Enabling environment (legislation, policy, barrier removal, Enabling environment (legislation, policy, barrier removal, institutional structures).institutional structures).

• Focus on production, supply chain reform and markets, Focus on production, supply chain reform and markets, whilst retaining linkages to habitats.whilst retaining linkages to habitats.

• Demonstration valueDemonstration value

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Engagement with Business

• Partner with production businesses directly to build their Partner with production businesses directly to build their capacity to change production systems/ service deliverycapacity to change production systems/ service delivery

• Partner with large companies who purchase significant Partner with large companies who purchase significant shares of global production to influence supply and shares of global production to influence supply and production systemsproduction systems

• Partner with financial institutions to influence lending to Partner with financial institutions to influence lending to specific types of businessesspecific types of businesses

• Develop market incentives (certification) to motivate Develop market incentives (certification) to motivate changes in the market place and productionchanges in the market place and production

• A “business” can be a single family farmA “business” can be a single family farm

• Business is the bottom lineBusiness is the bottom line

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BD2. Targets & IndicatorsTarget (coverage)Target (coverage) Performance IndicatorPerformance Indicator

> 5 projects in each production sector > 5 projects in each production sector (forestry, fisheries, agriculture, (forestry, fisheries, agriculture,

tourism)tourism)

x (y%) projects have incorporated bd x (y%) projects have incorporated bd aspects into policies & plans, aspects into policies & plans,

regulations, & implemented theseregulations, & implemented these

> 20 million ha in production > 20 million ha in production landscapes or seascapes contribute landscapes or seascapes contribute

to bd conservation or sust. useto bd conservation or sust. use

x ha of production systems contribute x ha of production systems contribute to bd cons or sust useto bd cons or sust use

> 5 countries promote cons & sust. > 5 countries promote cons & sust. use of wild species & land races as a use of wild species & land races as a

contribution to food security contribution to food security

x people (y% total beneficiaries) show x people (y% total beneficiaries) show improved livelihoodsimproved livelihoods

x replications reported & verified of x replications reported & verified of applying incentive measures & applying incentive measures &

instruments beyond project instruments beyond project boundariesboundaries

x% projects mainstream bd into IA x% projects mainstream bd into IA workwork

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Some examples of BD2 projects

• Bulgaria: Rhodope MountainsBulgaria: Rhodope Mountains

– Mainstreaming BD across multiple use landscape, Mainstreaming BD across multiple use landscape, working with agriculture, forestry, tourism, water working with agriculture, forestry, tourism, water management etc. Promoting forest certification, organic management etc. Promoting forest certification, organic farming, ecotourism. Increasing sectoral coordination at farming, ecotourism. Increasing sectoral coordination at national level, promoting private sector involvement.national level, promoting private sector involvement.

• Mongolia: Altai-SayanMongolia: Altai-Sayan

– Pastoralism forms mainstay of economy (about 70% of Pastoralism forms mainstay of economy (about 70% of GDP). Project advances the integration of BD in sector GDP). Project advances the integration of BD in sector policies and land-use planning at national, provincial policies and land-use planning at national, provincial and district levels. Works with local herder communities and district levels. Works with local herder communities at local level to improve herd management and mobility at local level to improve herd management and mobility with ecosystem benefits.with ecosystem benefits.

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Some examples of BD2 projects• Middle East/Africa: Soaring BirdsMiddle East/Africa: Soaring Birds

– Focus on threats to soaring birds across a flyway, Focus on threats to soaring birds across a flyway, especially at “bottleneck sites” and efforts to make especially at “bottleneck sites” and efforts to make production activities “bird-friendly” by influencing production activities “bird-friendly” by influencing development activities, especially siting of infrastructure, as development activities, especially siting of infrastructure, as well as agriculture, water, tourism etc.well as agriculture, water, tourism etc.

• West Africa: Endemic LivestockWest Africa: Endemic Livestock

– Endemic ruminant livestock embodies resistance to Endemic ruminant livestock embodies resistance to trypanosomosis, resilience and hardiness. Agricultural trypanosomosis, resilience and hardiness. Agricultural policies favour crop production over livestock resulting in policies favour crop production over livestock resulting in loss of natural habitat, and favour exogenous over loss of natural habitat, and favour exogenous over indigenous breeds. Project addresses barriers including indigenous breeds. Project addresses barriers including policies, subsidies, poorly developed markets, and limited policies, subsidies, poorly developed markets, and limited knowledge. knowledge.

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Private Sector Projects

• Certified Niche Shade Coffee (LAC)Certified Niche Shade Coffee (LAC)

• Mainstream Shade Cocoa (Ghana)Mainstream Shade Cocoa (Ghana)

• Forest certification – tropical (Vietnam) and Forest certification – tropical (Vietnam) and temperate (Lithuania)temperate (Lithuania)

• Responsible Tourism (Chile, Malaysia)Responsible Tourism (Chile, Malaysia)

• Ecotourism (Nepal)Ecotourism (Nepal)

• Organic agricultural products (Croatia)Organic agricultural products (Croatia)

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BD3. Capacity Building for the Cartagena Protocol on

Biosafety ($45m)

• Development of systemic and Development of systemic and institutional capacities for Biosafetyinstitutional capacities for Biosafety

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BD3. Targets & Indicators

Target (coverage)Target (coverage) Performance IndicatorPerformance Indicator

All signatories or interested All signatories or interested parties to protocol have base parties to protocol have base

level capacity buildinglevel capacity building

x countries enacted domestic x countries enacted domestic legislation / regulations re. legislation / regulations re.

protocolprotocol

All parties to protocol have All parties to protocol have advanced capacity building for advanced capacity building for

implementationimplementation

x countries have institutional x countries have institutional arrangements at local levels for arrangements at local levels for

protocolprotocol

% of countries with draft % of countries with draft biosafety frameworks and biosafety frameworks and

started implementationstarted implementation

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BD4. Generation and Dissemination of Best Practises for addressing current and emerging issues in Biodiversity

($40m)

• Improve analysis, synthesis and disseminationImprove analysis, synthesis and dissemination

• Scientific and technical cooperation – Scientific and technical cooperation – knowledge networksknowledge networks

• Demonstration projects generating synergies Demonstration projects generating synergies between focal areasbetween focal areas

– Vulnerability and adaptation to global changeVulnerability and adaptation to global change

– Ecosystem approachesEcosystem approaches

• Identified themesIdentified themes

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BD4. Targets & Indicators

Targets (coverage)Targets (coverage) Performance IndicatorsPerformance Indicators

Improved compilation and Improved compilation and dissemination of best practice dissemination of best practice

on specific themeson specific themes

> 3 demonstration projects > 3 demonstration projects between bd and other focal between bd and other focal

areas demonstrating “win-win” areas demonstrating “win-win” solutions (eg. adaptation, solutions (eg. adaptation, rangeland rehabilitation, rangeland rehabilitation,

transboundary contamination)transboundary contamination)

Successful demonstrations with Successful demonstrations with quantitative gains (eg. ha. land quantitative gains (eg. ha. land

with improved carbon with improved carbon sequestration potential)sequestration potential)