gd&t basics
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Geometric Dimensioning andTolerancing
Chapter 6, Form, Orientation,Profile, and Runout
Tolerances
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Geometric Characteristics
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Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Straightness
Straightness can be applied to a surface either flat orc!lindrical"#
Straightness can also be applied to an a$is#
%
straightness applied to aflat surface
straightness applied to ac!lindrical surface
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Straightness
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's !ou measure along a line, the height must be bet(een )2 and )% mm and the *ariation ma! not be
more than +# mm from a straight line#
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Straightness
Straightness applied to a c!lindrical surface#
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Straightness
Straightness can also be applied to an a$is#
6
)2# +#2
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Geometric Characteristics
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Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Flatness
Flatness is the condition of a surface (here all elementsare in one plane#
.
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Flatness
The surface could be chec/ed b! translating the partunder a dial indicator#
0
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Geometric Characteristics
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Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Circularit!
Circularit! is roundness# 't an! cross1sectional measurement during one
complete re*olution of the feature, all points of thesurface are perpendicular at an e ual distance from acommon a$is#
))
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Geometric Characteristics
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Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
C!lindricit!
C!lindricit! is the condition of an entire feature surfaceduring one re*olution in (hich all surface points are ane ual distance from a common a$is#
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Geometric Characteristics
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Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Perpendicularit!
Perpendicularit! is the condition of an entire surface,plane, or a$is at a right angle to a datum plane or a$is#
)
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Perpendicularit!
Perpendicularit! is the condition of an entire surface,plane, or a$is at a right angle to a datum plane or a$is#
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Geometric Characteristics
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Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
'ngularit!
'ngularit! is the condition of an a$is or plane other than0+ degrees to another datum plane or a$is#
).
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Geometric Characteristics
)0
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Parallelism
Parallelism is the condition of a surface, center plane, ora$is that is an e ual distance at all points from a datumplane or a$is#
2+
bilateral tolerance 3one
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Parallelism
4$ample of a c!linder being parallel to another surface#
2)
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Parallelism
4$ample of a c!linder being parallel to another c!linder#
22
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Geometric Characteristics
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Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Profile5 line , surface
Profile tolerance is specified for designs (here thesurface is to be controlled (ithin a gi*en basic shape#
Specified for irregular features that are difficult to control(ith other form or orientation tolerances#
2&
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Profile5 line , surface
2
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Geometric Characteristics
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Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Circular Runout and Total Runout
The (orst circular runout occurs at the slice (ith thegreatest *ariation +#+% mm in this case"#
Total runout is the difference bet(een the highest andlo(est readings found o*er the entire feature# +#)) mmin this case"#
2-
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 2.
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Circularit! *s# Runout
Can an!one e$plain the difference bet(een the t(o and
can the! be used on a print interchangeabilt! http577(((#eng1tips#com7*ie(thread#cfm id8).6%00 tp577communities#ptc#com7message7)-%)0
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http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=186399http://communities.ptc.com/message/173195http://communities.ptc.com/message/173195http://communities.ptc.com/message/173195http://communities.ptc.com/message/173195http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=186399http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=186399http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=186399 -
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Circularit! *s# Runout
%+
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Geometric Characteristics
%)
Form, Orientation, Profile, and Runout Tolerances
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering %2
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EML 2023Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering %%