GCSE Core Science Human Biology

Key WordsKey Words

TOXIC, SIDE EFFECTS, THALIDOMIDETOXIC, SIDE EFFECTS, THALIDOMIDE

GCSE Core Science Human BiologySTARTER

1. Which one is 1. Which one is not not used by white blood cells to protect us used by white blood cells to protect us against pathogens?against pathogens?

AA Production of antibodies to destroy bacteriaProduction of antibodies to destroy bacteriaBB Sealing of wounds to prevent infectionSealing of wounds to prevent infectionCC Production of antitoxins to counteract poisons Production of antitoxins to counteract poisons

released by pathogensreleased by pathogensDD Ingestion of pathogens.Ingestion of pathogens.

2. MRSA is a bacterium that kills around a thousand hospital 2. MRSA is a bacterium that kills around a thousand hospital patients each year. Which one of the following has led to these patients each year. Which one of the following has led to these MRSA infections?MRSA infections?

AA Ineffective vaccinesIneffective vaccinesBB Overcrowding in hospitalsOvercrowding in hospitalsCC Antibiotic resistanceAntibiotic resistanceDD Shortage of hospital equipmentShortage of hospital equipment

3. Which of the following would not help control the spread 3. Which of the following would not help control the spread of MRSA?of MRSA?

AA Medical staff having regular health checksMedical staff having regular health checksBB Medical staff washing their hands between Medical staff washing their hands between

seeing seeing patientspatientsCC Visitors washing their hands as they enter and Visitors washing their hands as they enter and

leave the hospitalleave the hospitalDD Cleaning hospitals with antisepticsCleaning hospitals with antiseptics

4 New drugs are thoroughly trialled and tested to ensure they 4 New drugs are thoroughly trialled and tested to ensure they have certain features that make them good medicines. When have certain features that make them good medicines. When tested on human volunteers, it is not possible to keep every tested on human volunteers, it is not possible to keep every control variable constant. So how can researchers make their control variable constant. So how can researchers make their data reliable?data reliable?

AA Use only animals instead of humans in tests.Use only animals instead of humans in tests.BB Only test people over the age of 65.Only test people over the age of 65.CC Use as large a sample of people as possible.Use as large a sample of people as possible.DD Calculate the mean age of the people tested.Calculate the mean age of the people tested.

GCSE Core Science Human BiologyObjectives

By the end of the lesson I will:

•Know that a new medicine must be effective, safe and be able to be stored for a period of time

•Know that new medicines are tested in laboratories to see if they Know that new medicines are tested in laboratories to see if they are toxic. This testing is often on animalsare toxic. This testing is often on animals

•Know that new medicines are tested on human volunteers to see Know that new medicines are tested on human volunteers to see if they workif they work

•Be able to explain the process involved in testing a

new medicine

•Explain why it is important to test new medications Explain why it is important to test new medications

thoroughlythoroughly

•Be able to provide a balanced argument for the use Be able to provide a balanced argument for the use

of animals in testing new medicinesof animals in testing new medicines

GCSE Core Science Human Biology

It costs a lot of money and a lot of time to It costs a lot of money and a lot of time to develop new medicines.develop new medicines.

New medicines must be tested to see if they are New medicines must be tested to see if they are toxic (poisonous) and effective (cure the toxic (poisonous) and effective (cure the disease).disease). This occurs in laboratories on animals.This occurs in laboratories on animals.

Task 1

GCSE Core Science Human Biology

If these tests are not thorough then a new If these tests are not thorough then a new medicine may have dangerous side effectsmedicine may have dangerous side effects

Thalidomide is a medicine that was widely used Thalidomide is a medicine that was widely used in 1950s as a sleeping pill. in 1950s as a sleeping pill.

It also helped to prevent ‘morning sickness’ in It also helped to prevent ‘morning sickness’ in pregnant women.pregnant women.

It was not tested thoroughly enough before It was not tested thoroughly enough before been marketed, women started to give birth to been marketed, women started to give birth to babies with severe limb abnormalities.babies with severe limb abnormalities.

It is no longer used for pregnant women but it is It is no longer used for pregnant women but it is effective in treating leprosyeffective in treating leprosy

Task 1

GCSE Core Science Human Biology

Evaluate the methods Evaluate the methods used to trial new used to trial new

medicines. Include an medicines. Include an historic case.historic case.

((5 marks)5 marks)

Task 2

GLOSSARYGLOSSARY

Evaluate: Evaluate:

To judge or determine the significance To judge or determine the significance of….of….

GCSE Core Science Human BiologyObjectives

By the end of the lesson I will:

•Know that a new medicine must be effective, safe and be able to be stored for a period of time

•Know that new medicines are tested in laboratories to see if they Know that new medicines are tested in laboratories to see if they are toxic. This testing is often on animalsare toxic. This testing is often on animals

•Know that new medicines are tested on human volunteers to see Know that new medicines are tested on human volunteers to see if they workif they work

•Be able to explain the process involved in testing a

new medicine

•Explain why it is important to test new medications Explain why it is important to test new medications

thoroughlythoroughly

•Be able to provide a balanced argument for the use Be able to provide a balanced argument for the use

of animals in testing new medicinesof animals in testing new medicines