gastroesophageal reflux disease done

7/27/2019 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease DONE

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Jasmine Aratea


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INTRODUCTION


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GERD cases recorded in Amang

Rodriguez Medical Center

Year Gerd Cases Reported

2010 5

2011 1

2012 3

2013 1


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GERD cases recorded in Jose Reyes

Memorial Medical CenterYear Gerd Cases Reported

2011 7

2012 3

2013 5

Age Range Cases Reported

0-10 2

11-20 3

21-40 4

41-60 2

61-80 3

Sex Cases Reported

Female 4

Male 11


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In a survey study based on the US Census

Bureau, Population Estimates andInternational Data Base (2004), statistics

shows that the highest grossing extrapolationprevalence rate of GERD was recorded in

China with almost 38,965,428 cases reported.Second in line is India with 31, 952, 118 casesreported. In the Philippines, almost 2, 587,

250 GERD cases were recorded in 2004 whichis almost 3% of todays population. Today,

numerous studies are promoted by healthresearch centers to increase the fight for

curing the GERD disease.


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PATHOGENESIS OF GERDMafe Cabiles


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How does gastric acid was produced?


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Among the mechanisms thought to contribute

to the development of GERD are

Decreased LES restingtone

the normal LES pressuremust be higher than the

gastric pressure Impaired Esophageal Acid

Clearance

Delayed Gastric

Emptying or GastroParesis

Decreased Salivation

Impaired Tissue Resistance


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Pathological

VS.

NormalBea Antonio


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Normal Esophagus

Covered with non-keratinized squamous

epithelium


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Barretts Esophagus The squamous epithelium is replaced with goblet cells, called intestinal metaplasia.

Columnar Epithelia

Major risk factor of GERD

About 1 out of 10 patients with GERD are found to have Barretts Esophagus.


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Alyzza KhimberlyVergara


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Heart burn and acid

regurgitation Dysphagia and

Odynophagia

Non-cardiac chest pain

Extraesophagealsymptoms

Symptom relapse andchronicity


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Antacids that neutralize stomach acid

Prescription-strength medications

Surgery and other procedures used ifmedications don't help.


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Bianca Dela Cruz


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Conclusion:

The pathophysiology of GERD is clearly multifactorial. Whilemedical therapy can only affect gastric acid production,fundoplication restores the function of the LES and improvesesophageal peristalsis. In addition, fundoplication stops any type ofrefluxate because it restores the competence of the

gastroesophageal junction. It seems that fundoplication alone doesnot cause regression of Barretts esophagus and does not preventthe development of adenocarcinoma. It will be important to studyin patients with Barretts esophagus the long-term effect of surgeryin association with new treatment modalities such asradiofrequency ablation (RFA) and endoscopic mucosal resection

(EMR). The combination should be more effective thanmonotherapy, because RFA and EMR eliminate the metaplastic ordysplastic epithelium, while fundoplication stops reflux, which is theoriginal cause ofBarretts esophagus.


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Successful treatment of GERD in patients whose

symptoms are poorly controlled with medical

treatment remains a challenge. There is limited

evidence from two uncontrolled cohort studies of

laparoscopic fundoplication demonstratingsymptomatic improvement at 5 years. Despite

the large number of medications and

interventions available and the numerous clinical

trials conducted, GERD remains a significant

clinical problem. A number of major questions

remain unstudied or, as yet, unanswered.


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References Esophagus: Barrett's esophagus, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. (n.d.).

Retrieved fromhttp://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/BarrettsEsophagID5591.html

Barrett's Esophagus - National Digestive Diseases Information

Clearinghouse. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/barretts/

Ways to Increase Stomach Acid Production [Video file]. (n.d.). Retrievedfrom http://www.branchbasics.com/learn/ways-to-increase-stomach-acid-

production/

Acid Production in stomach_1.flv [Video file]. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wvpz9m92ZQA

Developments in pathogenesis and diagnosis of gastroesophageal refluxdisease [Video file]. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18800524

[Video file]Retrieved from

http://www.cedrugstorenews.com/userapp//lessons/page_view_ui.cfm?l

essonuid=&pageid=20E9006810884CADCC67B1249653D55F

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