gas engines as essential building block for distributed ...engi… · waukesha* vhp* gas...

Gas Engines as Essential Building Blockfor Distributed Power GenerationDr. Andreas M. Lippert GM Product Management and Engineering | GE Distributed Power

8th AVL LARGE ENGINE TECHDAYS | April 11-12, 2018

Electrification, new fuels and power sources: boom or doom for large engines?

© 2018 General Electric Company - All rights reserved


2

Today’s world energy challenges …

8.5B

1.1B

30%

60%

Expected world population by 2030

currently at 7.6B

Population without electricity

Expected increase in electricity

demand by 2040

Increasing urbanization … 60% of

world population will live in cities

Gas & renewables are growing …


4

0

5

10

15

Africa

Other Asia

India

China

OECD

The energy transition according to BP‘s 2018 Energy Outlook

*Industry excludes non-combusted use of fuels | Source: 2018 BP Energy Outlook

0

5

10

15

20 Renewables

Hydro

Nuclear

Coal

Gas

Oil

0

5

10

15

20 20Transport Other

Industry*

Non-combusted

Buildings

Billion toe

Primary energy demand

End-use sector Region Fuel

Source: bp.com/energyoutlook


5

The transition to a lower carbon fuel mix continues…

† Non-fossils includes renewables, nuclear and hydro | Source: 2018 BP Energy Outlook

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Oil

Coal

Gas

Non-fossils†

Source: bp.com/energyoutlook

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Hydro

Nuclear

Renewables

Oil

Coal

Gas

“In 2040, renewables provide the same share of

world electricity generation as coal at 31%.”

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

liquids

nuclear

natural gas

coal

Renewables

incl. hydro

2015

International Energy Outlook 2017 | U.S. Energy Information Administration

Share of primary energy

?

Share of net electricity generation

The world (especially power) is in transition …

NYC 1900 NYC 1913

Difficult to predict the pace of change of ecosystem transformation


7

DECARBONIZATION ELECTRIFICATION

ACROSS SECTORS

ELECTRIFICATION OF ENERGY

USES, transport (EVs) and heating

By 2040, RENEWABLES will

represent 30% of global net

electricity

DECENTRALIZATION

GROWING PENETRATION of

distributed resources

(CHP, renewable, storage,

efficient devices)

IMPACT

• End user becomes an active actor of

the power system (‘pro-sumer’)

• Complexity of distribution grids grows

IMPACT

• Growth of electricity demand

• Acceleration of decentralization

of the power sector

IMPACT

• Generation becoming difficult to

forecast & variable

• Grid stability, congestion,

volatility on electricity markets

DIGITIZATION

GROWING THE NUMBER of

connected devices

& smart sensors

IMPACT

• Allowing decision-making based

on dynamic and nodal prices

Trends disrupting the power sector from generation to T&D


8

“Green grid reliability requires flexible

resource capabilities”

• Sustain upward or downward ramp

• Respond for a defined period of time

• Change ramp directions quickly

• Store energy or modify use

• React quickly and meet expected operating levels

• Start with short notice from a zero or low-

electricity operating level

• Start and stop multiple times per day

• Accurately forecast operating capability”

Renewables are impacting the power grid at scale

CA ISO | Flexible Resources Help Renewables | 2016

1Net demand

Total demand

Solar + Wind

Actual Fri 06.04.2018

31

26

21

16

11

GW

Source: CAISO

13MW

in 3 hrs

California “Duck Curve” … Ramp Rates


9

Renewables are impacting the power grid at scale

Dispatch profile … multi-day lows in renewables Power prices: retail vs. wholesale

Example: Germany

Low Renewables

Gas key to fill in

Example: Germany

2 3

End user power

prices increasing

with T&D costs,

renewable taxes


10

IMPROVING GRID RESILIENCE AND

ENERGY EFFICIENCY336 GW of distributed power to be installed globally by 2024 for improved grid reliability

INCREASING GRID EFFICIENCY AND

UTILIZATIONPower systems are often de-rated and expensive peaker plants are often used to meet demand

ENABLING RENEWABLES AND A DIVERSIFIED

ENERGY MIXRenewables will account for 30% of global power generation capacity by 2022 (IEA)

UPGRADING AGING INFRASTRUCTURE AND

MEETING GROWING ENERGY NEEDS

70% of transformers in developed countries are over 25 years old. Global electricity consumption is expected to grow 46% by 2025

Power and information must flow in many directions

CHALLENGE

CHALLENGE

CHALLENGE

CHALLENGE

Gas engines have undergone large innovation steps … and this continues


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• More than 25 years of proven service

• More than 4 ,200 engines across the globe

• Power density up 2x, efficiency up +42% from original platform launch

Example: Jenbacher Type 6… 29 years old and still evolving

Extendability & flexibility of engine platforms

12

J

K

K

Electrical Efficiency [%]

Specific Output BMEP [bar]

Ele

ctr

ica

lEff

icie

nc

y [

%]

J


13

Increasing transient flexibility … for peaking & capacity markets

J420B fast start version for peaking • < 120 sec from demand to full load (warm engine)

• < 90sec from demand to full load (hot engine)

From start to full load in <120sec (on demand)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Engi

ne

po

wer

ou

tpu

t (k

W)

Time (s)

Original

Fast Start

Fast start: 60s from

synchronization to

full power

UK capacity market

Gas engines are playing an enabling role in the energy ecosystem transformation …


15

Gas Engines have broad application flexibility

Landfill GasOx Mountain (CA, USA)

11.5 MW | 6 x J616

Steel Furnace GasArcelor Mittal | Avilés,

Spain

20.4 MW | 12 x J620

Greenhouse CHP

and CO2Dmitrov, Russia

5.4 MW | 3 x J612

Natural Gas Manaus, Brazil

120 MW | 46 x J620...

Rural electrification Bangladesh

81 MW | 28 x J620

Diesel-to-Gas

Switching Coldwater, MI, US (CHP)

13MW | 3 x J624

Sewage gasSantiago Basin, Chile

7.3 MW | 3x J620

Coal mine gasMoranbah mine,

Australia

45.6 MW | 15 x J620

Jenbacher*

Type 6

*Trademark of the General Electric Company

Waukesha*

VHP*

Gas Compression (Nat. Gas)Bekasi, Indonesia20,000 hp | 12 x L7044GSI

Remote PowerJidong oilfield, China 4000 hp | 3x L5794GSI

Gas injectionAlgeriaF3524GSI

Gas Compression (low emissions)Barnett Shale, Dallas/ Fort Worth, TX 2700 hp | 2 x L5794GSI

Drilling (high BTU field gas)Harrison Co, WV7044GSI

Oilfield PowerMatachines Sur, Colombia> 100 x VHP

Gas Compression

(high BTU field gas)Harrison Co, WV

7044GSI


16

Modular CHP with Gas engines from 100kW to 100MWAn essential component of the energy transition

Biogas CHP

Breweries

Sugar factories

Paper mills

Landfill gas

Sewage gas

Coal Mine Gas

Municipalities / utilities

with district heating

Hospitals CHP

Airports CHP

Shopping centers CHP

Large CHP power plants

• Energy efficient: engine-heat usage 90% efficiency

• CO2 neutral: variety of "renewable" applications

• Decentralized: relieves network congestion

• Regional: not dependent on energy suppliers

• Flexible: balance wind and solar


17

K.I.E.L. … from coal to flexible, high-efficiency gas engine CHP plant

Municipality Kiel CHP plant, DE

190.4 MW plant net electric output

191.8 MW thermal output

45 / 91 % net electrical / total efficiency

• 5 minutes start up time

• 4 MW minimum stable load

• Approx. 4,000 oh/yr, up to 800 starts/yr

Existing: Hard coal plant

323 MW net electric output

295 MW heat output

>50% total efficiency

Age: ~50 years

** Kiels intelligente Energie-Lösung

https://www.stadtwerke-kiel.de/swk/de/unternehmen/aktuell/gasheizkraftwerk/gasheizkraftwerk.jsp


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Gas engines enable flexible operation

Turndown

Emissions w/

Efficiency

Run

Ready-to-start

shutdown

Base Load

Efficient, Reliable

& Flexible

Load FollowPeak

Fast, Efficient

Responsive

Load

Flexible &

Reliable

Standard path

Option Output

Option Efficiency

Adaptive … make the most out of all operating scenarios

Full load

3 min

Load shed:

100% / 1min

Ramp rates:

72MW/min

Plant part load: 20%

Plant part

load: 2%

J920 FleXtra has superior load-following capabilities compared to larger turbine plants

CHP operating window

at a marginal cost prediction

of, e.g., 37 €/MWh

Expected

operation

mode: up to

800 starts

per year

Kiel CHP plant

based on J920

Source: Roger Mayer , SW Kiel


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Natural gas production … distributed & decentralized

Source: EIA


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3 main areas of use for gas engines in gas production

Wellhead Storage/transmission

Gathering stations collect gas from multiple

wellheads and compress gas to processing stations

Gathering

Low hp compressors draw gas

directly out of the gas well

Engines run on untreated gas

Processed natural gas is

re-injected into storage wells or

piped through transmission

pipelines for distribution

* Trademark of General Electric Company

Waukesha VGF*

and VHP*

Waukesha VHP*

Waukesha 275GL+ *


21

Digital services in a distributed power world

Millions of DERs

Electric Vehicles Large Storage/ microgridsSmart buildings Gas Engines

Energy

dashboard

Connectivity layer

Distribution Utilities Traders, Aggregators, Asset managers

Field agent/

gateway

Rooof top solar/smart homes

✓ Complement SCADA-based DERM with higher/

accurate DER visibility and control

✓ Create a distribution-level energy market

1. Information visualization

✓Better load forecast

✓Enable distribution-level LMP

2. Demand-Response/distr gen control

✓Active-Reactive voltage control

✓Network losses reduction

✓ Trackability, auditability and management of energy sources

✓ Enable trade of aggregated MW blocks … PPA, wholesale or P2P

1. Manage and control distributed energy sources

✓Energy cost visualization, dashboard and benchmarking

✓Enable use-cases for distributed generaiton/storage

2. Grid-aware transaction management

✓Virtual Power Plant

✓Peer 2 Peer trading across assets … Virtual Microgrid

Use cases

Apps VPPP2P trading

1

2

IoT layer technology: connectivity , visualization, control

DERM app - visibility, forecast, Demand/Response


22

Distributed Power’s digital solutions support the transformationImprove asset reliability, reduce operations and maintenance costs

Asset Performance Management (APM) Examples from customer

success stories …

* Trademark of General Electric Company

• Up to 2% Reliability … faster return to

service and lower unplanned downtime

• Up to 5% Reduced maintenance

costs … trip avoidance via remote

management, early issue detection and

resolution and condition-based maintenance

• Up to 10% Lower operating costs ... centralized fleet-level access to data, reduced

manual data-logging, mobility and automated

reporting

DP’s Asset Performance Management solution, through the

myPlant* software suite, is specially designed for reciprocating

engine operators and service providers. With APM, you can:

• Monitor equipment health and diagnose faults

• Proactively manage asset performance with analytics

22


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DecarbonizationBalancing for wind & solar, and coal

retirements. Bio and waste gases,

CO2 neutral gas (H2)

Alternative to gridLower grid availability, congestion,

affordability. Electrify off-grid

communities. Increased need for

resiliency in urban centers

Flexibility & ModularityFlexible operation/set-up, fuel

flexibility, avoid T&D investment,

permitting, lower risk, batteries

Sector CouplingCHP: enabling high total efficiency

EVs: driving need for local capacity

Increased NG productionGas compression

Gas availability & affordability,

LNG, Diesel to Gas switching

Segment DiversityCHP, peaking, capacity markets,

biogas, greenhouses, OFPG, waste

gases …

Gas engines are a key enabler for the energy transformation…

Gas engines need to meet a number of challenges today and tomorrow …


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• Emissions: Europe (e.g. IED, MCP) and US (EPA, CARB) driving lower emission year after year: NOx, CO, HCHO, CO2, ….

• Grid Codes: expanding from EU (NC RfG) to other countries, increases the transient demand on the genset … Fault Ride Through requirements.

• Gas quality: LNG imports; new gas standards (e.g. CEN/TC234), wide Wobbe Index, Sulfur still at 30mg/Nm3, Hydrogen, rapid variations, …

• Ancillary services: demanding fast start, high transient ramp rates, high reliability and closed loop plant control. Low operating hours and high start rates becoming the new normal.

Trends and policies … 2017+ outlook

Sim

ult

an

eo

us

req

uir

em

en

ts…

ten

sio

n


26

Energy balancing (Example Germany)

Primary (PRL) Secondary SRL Tertiary MRL

Response/m

in Power

30sec/1MW 5min/5MWe

1st MWe <30sec

15min/ 15MW

Activation automatic (∆f) Electronic (bus) Phone

Pooling yes yes yes

Auction Weekly Weekly Daily

Primary reserve

Primary Reserve

Secondary reserve

Secondary

reserve

Tertiary reserve

Tertiary reserve

Load management

Load management

time

MW Energy reserve(+)

Energy reserve (-)

50 Hz

MW

Primary (PRL) Secondary (SRL)

Tertiary (MRL)

Backup

Power


27

Operating profiles are changing … more dynamic, multi-start

CHP

4.000 8.000

Starts/year

365

3.000+

BiogasPeakerCHP

Peaker

Mid Merit

Bh/a

1.500+

N Ratio 1

„N Ratio“ = operating hours

per start

UK capacity market

~1,000-1,500 oph

~700 – 1,000 starts

In summary …


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Gas Engines are an essential building block in the energy tranformation

The world is decarbonizing, decentralizing, digitizing … and electrifying• Fossil fuels moving increasingly to gas

• Renewables penetrating significantly

• Decentralization is enabled by attractive economics and increased digital connectivity

Gas engines provide a highly flexible, dispatchable source of power and heat• From natural gas production to decentralized power to stabilizing the grid at scale

Challenges: greater flexibility AND tighter requirements• Wider gas quality ranges are driving broad band products contradicting engine efficiency targets

• Stricter emission requirements may add CAPEX and OPEX

• National grid codes become additional challenges for grid-parallel operation

Innovation & the flexibility to adapt – along with enabling policy – remain key

Gas engines contribute significantly to the energy transformation already underway


Thank you!

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