gangguan sistem muskuloskeletal
TRANSCRIPT
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Penyakit sistem muskuloskeletal
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Jenis penyakit
• Kongenital
• Inflamasi
• Trauma
• Neoplasma
• Degeneratif
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Anatomi
• Tulang
• Sendi
• Ligamentum
• Otot dan tendon
• Pembuluh darah
• Syaraf
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Fisiologi
• Fungsi organ ~ lokomotor
– Kerja otot, tendon– Gerakan sendi– Fungsi syaraf– Aliran darah– Dll
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Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
Penyakit kongenital
sistem muskuloskeletal
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CTEV
• Deformitas kaki :– Equinus (talus)– Medial deviation (neck of talus)– Outward rotation (talar body to calcaneus)– Medial shift & supination (navicular+fore foot)– kulit & jar. Lunak pendek tidak berkembang
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CTEV
• kemungkinan kelainan kongenital lain.– Spina bifida– Arthrogryphosis
• Derajat rigiditas deformitas– Ringan– Sedang– Berat
• Usia saat pertama datang berobat– Dini – Lanjut
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CTEV
• Penanganan :– Kelainan kongenital lain– Derajat rigiditas– Usia saat berobat
• Konservatif : serial cast + brace• Operatif :
– Jaringan lunak– Tulang
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CTEV
• Prognosis : ( Bentuk normal dan tidak nyeri untuk berjalan )– Derajat deformitas dan rigiditas– Usia penderita
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FRAKTUR
Trauma sistem muskuloskeletal
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Fraktur
• Anatomi• Fisiologi
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Fraktur
• Diagnosis – Trauma / (-)– Tanda tanda fraktur
• Nyeri, edema, luka • Deformitas
– Angulasi
– Rotasi
– Discrepancy
• Gangguan neurovaskular
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Fraktur
• Pemeriksaan penunjang – Laboratorium
• Perdarahan ~ Anemia• Infeksi
– X-ray :• 2 proyeksi• 2 sendi• Jaringan lunak• Tulang • Sendi
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Bidai
• Lurus, kuat, pipih + bantalan– Stabil– Aman
• Immobilisasi – Mencakup 2 sendi– 3 dimensi
• Alignment / posisi anatomi• Kondisi syaraf dan vaskular
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Fraktur
• Penanganan – 4 R :
• Recognition ~ diagnosis• Reposition• Retaining ~ imobilisasi• Rehabilitation
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Fraktur Tibial Plateau
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Fraktur
• Prognosis – Umur – Tempat fraktur– Jenis fraktur– Cidera penyerta– Penanganan ( 4 R )
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Penurunan fungsi
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OSTEOMYELITIS
Penyakit inflamasi
sistem muskuloskeletal
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Osteomyelitis
• Primer – Anak anak– Hematogenik – Septik artritis
• Sekunder – Post fraktur terbuka– Post internal fiksasi
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Osteomyelitis
• Osteomyelitis Primer – Hematogenik – Abses – Fistel – Squester – Involukrum
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Osteomyelitis
• Osteomyelitis Sekunder– Post fraktur terbuka
• Luka • Infeksi
– Post fiksasi interna• Luka• Implant • infeksi
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Osteomyelitis
• Diagnosis – Infeksi tempat lain,
trauma, fraktur terbuka– Nyeri / peradangan– Bisul hilang timbul– Fistel, keluar tulang– Fraktur patologis
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Osteomyelitis
• Pemeriksaan penunjang– Laboratorium
• Tanda tanda infeksi
– X-ray• Squester• Involukrum
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Osteomyelitis
• Penanganan – Infeksi
• Kultur• Antibiotika • Imobilisasi • Operasi
– Fraktur • Debridement ~
squestrektomi• Fiksasi • Bone graft
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Osteomyelitis
• Prognosis – Umur – Gizi – Jenis kuman– Fraktur / (-)– Penanganan
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Osteosarcoma
Penyakit neoplasma
sistem muskuloskeletal
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Neoplasma muskuloskeletal
• Malignan– Osteosarcoma– Chondrosarcoma– Synoviosarcoma– Dll
• Benign – GCT– Chondroma– Osteochondroma– Dll
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Neoplasma
• Diagnostic : ( klinis, radiologis, PA )– Identitas : kelamin, usia– Letak lesi : metafisis, diafisis– Keadaan lokal : edema, venektasi, ulkus– Radiologis : Ro, CT, MRI, bone scan– PA : jenis, diferensiasi
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Neoplasma
• Penanganan : ~ modalitas– Chemotherapi– Radiasi – Bedah : Reseksi + rekonstruksi
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Neoplasma
• Prognosis :– Jenis – Dini / lanjut– Penanganan
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Osteoartritis
Penyakit degeneratif
sistem muskuloskeletal
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Osteoarthritis
• Penyakit Reumatik ~ nyeri sendi ?
• Jenis jenis :– Inflamasi
• Infeksi• Auto imun
– Metabolik – Degeneratif
• Primer• Sekunder
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Anatomi
• Tulang rawan sendi
• Tulang subkhondral
• Metafisis ~ spongiosa
• Diafisis ~ kortikal
• Kapsul sendi + cairan sendi
• Ligamentum
• Otot otot / tendon
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Osteoartritis
• Degenerasi– Tulang rawan– Ligamen– Kapsul sendi– Otot – Tulang
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Osteoartritis
• Patofisiologi– Kerusakan tulang
rawan sendi• Struktur tulang rawan
– Elastisitas & daya tahan
• Beban berlebihan– Beban berat– Aktifitas berat
• Pergerakan yang tidak normal
– Subluksasi– Malalignment
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Osteoartritis
• Diagnosis – Nyeri sendi– Berhubungan dengan aktifitas– Riwayat trauma, infeksi dll– Usia
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Osteoartritis
• Pemeriksaan penunjang – Laboratorium
• Normal
• Penyebab lain
– X-ray • Penyempitan celah sendi
• Sklerotik tulang subkhondral
• Osteofit
• Kista subkhondral.
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Osteoartritis
• Penanganan – Pengertian penderita– Mengurangi keluhan– Mencegah progresifitas penyakit
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Osteoartritis
• Penanganan – Pengurangan beban– Latihan otot– Obat
• simptomatis, • metabolisme tulang rawan
– Alat bantu • Stabilitas• Mengurangi beban
– Operasi • Realignment• Manipulasi tulang rawan• Ganti sendi
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Osteoartritis
• Prognosis – Derajat kerusakan– Pengertian & Kepatuhan penderita
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Terima kasih