funkcje trybunału konstytucyjnego związane z hierarchiczną...
TRANSCRIPT
Funkcje Trybunau Konstytucyjnego zwizane z hierarchiczn kontrol
konstytucyjnoci prawa
Marcin Dbrowski
Funkcje Trybunau Konstytucyjnego zwizane z hierarchiczn kontrol
konstytucyjnoci prawa
!"#
#!$
!%!%
!
&'!!
!#()#
$## !
*%!!+,!-./0
!123/4/.56/7,!!1780-99::/4;?11%
(11-04:@11-/460">#;,!41-:7
&5;#(!
0
A%%#!%B%4
!C#D'%D'1
:
6
C!C 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 //
!D% 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /9
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /8/1 E%;F#!! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /8/1/1 E4#GH4! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /8/1-1 EF#!! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -9/191 E%I!%;F#!!
C# 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9:-1 ,F#!! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 97-1/1%!! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 .-1-1 ,;G!1%!%H 111111111111111111111111111111111 -191 F%C 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :
!"#"$%#"&' &"( $#")'"# *$&+'"' 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 0:
/1 J!/8/7K/898 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 0:-1 J!/80K/870 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :.-1/1 J!/80K/87- 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :.-1-1 J!/87-K/870 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :
91 J!/87:K/886G/888H 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :691/1 E 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 :891-1 EG%H 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 769191 E 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 89911 E! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 8:9101 E!%! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 8791:1 E 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /.-
,'"# -$""# $.&. 1111111111111111111111 /./1 !%!! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /.0-1 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111//791 % 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /-091/1 !%! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /-091-1 !%!;CD 11111111111111 /9-
1 ! /901 !%!4 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /9001/1 !%! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /9001-1 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /9:0191 !!1'111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /96
:1 ,!!F 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /96
Spis treci
7
61 !%!D% 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 //61/1 DLB%LB 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /-61-1 ;D4%!%!! 11111111111111 /06191 !!%!!%
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /:611 DL%!D%1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /8
/ ,'"# -$""# .&. 1111111111111111111111111 /0./1 !%!! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /0//1/1 %!D% 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /09
-1 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /:91 !%!4% 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /6-1 %!D% !! 1111111 /6:01 %!D%%!% 11111111111 /7::1 !!!L!C% 1111111111111111111111111 /8.61 $!%I! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 /8-71 ,!!F#!! 111111111111111111111111 /8:
/ ,'"# +% &" 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -.//1 ;!%!! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -./-1 !%!4% 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -.991 ,!!LBI 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -.01 ;!!F 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -.7
/ ,'"# &0"% &"1"$ &"2 11111111111111111111111111111111111111 -/./1 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -/--1 !#C 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -/0-1/1 % 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -/0-1-1 !%! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -/6-191 !%D% 1111111111111111111111111111 -/6
91 $I 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 --/1 #;!!%#LF#%! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ---1/1 #;!!%
#LF#!! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ---1-1 ! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 --9
01 !%!D% 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 --::1 IF%!% 1111111111111111111111111111111 --6
/ ,'"# "$$ &" 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -9/1 #I 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -90/1/1 #!! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -96/1-1 #!!C! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -.
-1 !%! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -/91 #!%! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -06
/ ,'"# #$ &" 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -08/1 ED! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -://1/1 F#!!!1!% 111111111111111111111111 -::/1-1 ! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -:7
8
/191 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -6//11 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -69
-1 ED% 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -60-1/1 !%!4% 11111111111111111111111111111111111 -7-
-1/1/1 !%! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -7-1/1-1 % 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -7:-1/191 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -76-1/11 !%D% 11111111111111111 -77
-1-1 %!1' 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 -8/-191 !#%%!C#LF11111111111111111111111111111111111111 -88
-191/1 !!1-!! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 9..-191-1 !#%#L%!CF 11111111111111111111111111 9.
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9.6
A; 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9/8(!% 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9/8"!MC# 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9-/!F#!! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9--!N$(! 111111111111111111111111111111 9-:!$N' 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9-:,% 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 9-6
$
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 96
/.
//
Wykaz skrtw
"11 K "!&N( K %!;1 K ;EF K EF#!!11 K ! -9 ! /8: 1 K G"11 -./4
%1/-/!11%CM11H11 K !:/8861KG"11774%1009
%CM11H111 K !/.L/8881KG"11-./94
%1/7:!11%CM11H1%11 K !//8:.1K%!D%!5
G"11-./94%1-:6!11%M11H1%11 K !/6!%/8:1K%!D%G"11
-./4%1/./!11%CM11H1%11 K !:/8861K%!D%G"11
794%189/%CM11H1%111 K !-%-../1K%!D%%
G"11-./94%1980!11%CM11H111 K !-0!/8:1K%IG"11
-./-4%16774!11%CM11HN K !!N F K ;F
11 K #!!NO K N'O!N$( K N$(!%111 K !9.%-..-1K%!D%%
!G"11-./-4%1-6.!11%CM11H K !C , K ,!$N K $N'!11 K !!!F K F#!!F$ K F#$!& K &%%CM11 K %CM
/-
/9
Wstp
! ; % ! %! !I %4 !C D !%4C'%C!15;%#DLC%C!5I!!%!!D%!#1"!%#D%I4!C%%'!4%'CBD;!4'!!5#I%!!/1A!C%5 %!D !!!4 '!!%!%4!C%#%C5D%C;F#!!5!!-1
C' ; ; F# ;!L%!F4%5
!#%%#I!!
%!%#1%!!%!4!%!DB45!!!'
LL1E#!%!!IF%!%5L%!C!%4CL$N' N $(!1 F! ! %!D % %D! ! #$;> P%#-. ! %5
/ ,C ;%!! ;!!%!11>(1 A#4 4 Q>R 4 % 121FI4/8864161@A1A44-../417/1@21)!4 4Q>R4%111!4FI-..-4101
- !!%!'%!B%C;FK%1155$4!" #4-..941/:9@21)!41$4$%&4Q>R4%111!41/1@J1)4 '&4-..9419671@A1NI4$%&4Q>R%111$4-..-4 1 90 1N % ;F#!! C# C' D1)!4 Q>R( 4J/8841/9/1
/
!F#!! Q111R4 ;F#!! D ! %4%4!C!5!%I! !!!! %! D%!4S91N%D!5B%%C!!45!!C!!%CD;!C%!#%#M!!%%DF#5#%1%!%D'I!!!#%4'!!%!4!C5!!!%1
%%I#;5IF4!C%#!%!%#1!#%#%5F#4!!;4!C%!!1!%5!!IF!C%D;54 1' # D % %%!D%!DB!!54!'%#%C%%!;1
!%D!%!IF#!!!%!!5!!L%1(%!DF4%5/87:I-./4CL%>
K L!CD!!G%5!C!!%4!D%H@
K L! !;D4!C!;#%'!@
K L%%C%%!%I5! !!4 !; D!
K %!!1!%!%!I%5
!%%!'%4%5!#!%!1D!C'%D$N4N$(C%!%%5C%4!C!#44%C%
9 1$;4)*+$%&*+4PI!S-..:41:4191
/0
%%F1!D%D!'I!#%%%L!CF#4%5!DB!1
%!!!F5%!%!#%!F4!1%5L!!C#L%!%!G!1/77%!!!H4!%C%!G!1/78H4!5!%%D%! %#$!5C#%I!G!1/9/H1%'!%!F##L4!!!L%1 %5I!!C'D%!#'%!#%!%!!4!!'!!5!DB#DD;%#M5 #L F#01 ' %! D1!
%%%!I%!C'!%!%IF1
N!!%%!%!%M%!>2;!F#5!!!C!I!#D!T !!%% I ! !54'!!LB%!;>
K %%!4K %%!4K 4K !4K !%!4K 1
F#!!I-./1%'!#!!DBDL#!4!C;4%5!!!%4I#%!D%%FG%1%1%!:%-..941!%/=.-@/6-..641!%/[email protected]!%!/=.7@1!%/=.74-!%-./.H12%!#L%!%!I#DG%1F7-...41!%/=88H1!F#%!!%C%!G%1%!5-.-..841!%!-=-..7H1
0 N!C!%%1'4'%'%!%!B%!F4!!!L%K%1%11)!4' "# ,- . / 0 14 P$S-../4G0H41/.61
/:
N!%%%!%!D5%%
>
/1 ,L !CCF ! !!5LB'%I!%!;CD51
-1 "%LB%!!C#5';!GCLC%%5!1'HL!C%1
91 "%LBC!%!5 C ! %# ! ! !!%!D1
1 ,L !CC
'L;!!!DB%!5 ! %% % G!1 /8. !1 9!1/8.!1!!H1
01%D!!%#!C!C1
:1,L!C%!C#LF1(I%#%!;5
'%!4%!>/H !%'!BD';D@-H !CI4#DD5
L ;4 !! G !5;H@
9H DLB!C%;D%5%!G!%H'5!;%!G!5D!H@
H !F#%D%!;L!LG%1#D!%I!%H4!5%%G;1!H@
0H F#!!;D5 %4 ' ! %!I 4;!!!C'%54%4!%!@
:H ;!%!IF!%#!C%4!!%!!5!%!!GCL5!%!'!D%5%H@
/6
6H !!4 ;D D5!4#!%4'!%%!1!%@
7HF#4;DD%4!%1
% %#' D %!!!%4!C'!5D%%C1!!!%# !%! !!C%4 ! %C!%!!!F5#1$!!D!D4%#'D%%!>%!1
%!%4%!5!L4 '# %! ;! # !CI!%!%#1!!!'# ! ;# ! !# %5%4%#4%1D5#DDL;1
%!!4%;#C4!LB%BK%!!!%%C%K'#!%!!5 !C% ; L !! %1!!%#'D!4!!5F#!!#!%!1O5#4!%C%%#!C'5CIF4!C!%!#12%#!!D4!C%!F5#4'B!!!5LBD!!!D%M%1%!!%#'DC'%%5;D!1
!D%%C!!!C' %I!4 %D % !%D!%I!4!C;!!4!C5I!C1
N%!%I/!-./05%D!F#!!5C#1
/7
!#%!%!%!%!1,$%&4L-..71'$#31 U1(!%%DB%!4;4'LB4%4%D5%1"DC';#5)!L%1$!!5!D4%#D%4;($!%D%5%1
/8
Rozdzia I
Podstawowe pojcia
1. Funkcje prawa i funkcje Trybunau Konstytucyjnego
'%!B;%D P;S1 OA %C% #4 ;# %#!!!/1C'#%D;5>4#GH4!1!5!%'C'%D#P%;CD!4%!!!4 !%4 G#CHS-1!D%C'%#;!!4!CDB%%91%!5'I4'%LB4'%%D!%D5;!1
1.1. Funkcja jako relacja, dziaanie (rola), cel i skutek
";;%!#;4!C5%!'#'4'L!G!LBH!54!%4%C5!%!#!#I1DP;S!%%!!!K
/ 1O1A4 2 34C-...1- F'41819 1A5(!%D#!D%L;DL!D5
%>H%!#LG!LHL4!!@H#@H%!4L !C@H%C#!D%!4!C%###L!!M#L!!G%11A5(!G1H4! & "4 4#KKCK)IKUCM/87-4161H1F1IC'#;%5%!GF1I4 '41O4K5C/87:4196K97H1
-.
C'LB%D!CC1E%!!D'LB%DL4!4'LD%# D Q54678R1&!%
%4!!K%C!!L4!C!
D1 4;D
!G!H%L!1%D%#%'%#4C'!K%#D##B%1P;5!DL%!%!!4'%5!;'%#4!'%#%5 %! ! ! %S01 %'
P;BS!%B!%!!!:1
!!;;4%%D!%GL#H4I%D%5#G!H1%!
!!4D!L5!1D!!MBD!# 4 !C %#!! 'L
'#;D61
!;#!%4%!5!!4#D%!#
11P%4!44LS71F5%D!##D%!%4!#%%%!5 %#1 # ! %D%!!L#%!C1EDC!#4%#!!#512!D%!#%#I!5 #%C DL1! !D%C!!%#1F%LB4'' # D C %# L %#I!1%K#B!#5
O1A4 11141/:10 F'41--1: O1A4( 304 14PI!S/88.418410/K0-16 1"4,$%&"9
*# ":;;
-/
!4B!!%!G!!H%#54%KB!!%!#!MDL%!K!#B%%#4!C!#!1P %#%5DLQLK1"1RL!%%#111S81%!%DPS'%!BC#%!D%4!C!%!5 D %! L %D %#5/.1!!4'C
%C!'5L !!4
L %C # ! %G!!H L ! %#I!4# 5
K%%#4'%G!!H%#5L//1
%DP;S#GH%DL#4!#!LBGHL!%D4!#!;%%%!1N!! %C !C %#I!G!!%!!%H!!5%B%#'L!!5L%DB!;!C1
%!DC'!!P;S5VW/-1$#D%;PS>P!4D'4@!4DB@!4L#'B4B'!4%BLLB@%!4!C!L#S/91!%4C;4D
L !4 ' L# G!H !L%4CL1%!!;##5'4 ' #LB # DL %%C
!!#'LC1
8 1I4( >>4 4PI!S/87641/-41/81
/. 11A5(!4', && 4C/8:-41/91
// F!P;S%#21>!6,?@:;@A84Q>R!*+ 9 * 4%1J1)(1$
!4-..941:-1
/- F;D%D;%#%1(1$!>9 , 4P$!!S-..04041-01
/9 =&3 4!1O419661
--
'%%D%4!!%!'%%%'%B#I/B5
!4%D%!5G#H!4DD#B%%!5L%1N!%L4'%!!!BCL54!1!!L4%L4%5%%4%I!%C/01B;#7 4%1%#!C%!'!1%%%4!CL#'!5!C1'C'!B5L%!D%4%4'%!!#5DL4%'%IM%%!4!1%!'%;!!L%%!4!C!/:1
' % %! ! !1 ! ; #'5;/64;#'!B5C4!CB%!D1
%!P;S%D!!51!D!%!!!45L#4%!D%@;!;L!!!L%#M!1P%%%5
L!C%!%!5%#G!C'%H4!C!#!5#S/71 4;!D4!%'%#!%%%%!4!!%1AD!L!;!M%%!1
%LD4'P%D;!!C544D
/ 1 I C' %D G%1 1 I4( 141-91H1"#;%'!C%!!!%%%!1
/0 1&1)14$ BC%4D4E4Q>REB2E 4/871874!1>O1A4 11141:-1
/: O1A4( 311141091N''B4'!#'#%!%4!C!!!!5!%I!%1
/6 1%11A5(!4" &4 *%, 4PI!S/87/4104101O1A4 11141::1
/7 1"411141091
-9
!!D!D%!#I4!#S/81%';!D C'%%D;!5%%C%1,D L !4%I!!4B#5 D ! #'I4 !' #LL1%!!C';#5' ; 1 L %!%%D4%!!;5L!!%1
'DB4'L%%#!5 ! % M ! %#1 $! ! !!D %!% L!C1!!
;%-.1!D%C4!4!M%5!L
%%!%5#'I%1E%!%!!G%!!H#'LCM%D%1
C;%4
DL
L!D%D
% %!C %#!!;!-/1(!C#5'I4;%D!!!!!#5!!%4!C%#!D%%#>/H%5D!L%#M!%@-HD#!!#@9HD#!!!G#H@ H D# ! %! M 5!--1
1.2. Funkcje Trybunau Konstytucyjnego
%%D!!D%;D>;F#5!!!#!#!#!C4!D%!5
%#M%#L
/8 O1A4 111417/1-. 1O1A4( 3111410:1D;%# 11!4Q>R
$ &4/87-41/.-1-/ 1I4 4Q>R(1 4$141I4
' , 4/8841-6.1-- 11"4111410-1
-
F#-91!B!#MD!5#4!!%!C%B!%!M%!1N'B4'%!!%';4'L%!CIF#5DDL!L4!C!!%5!!!%#I!4!4%I!M%1E!#!#!D!!I!!4!%!%5!C%1!I%!5 %4D !!%4 !1 ;%#- F4 !C ! %% %!
%%#;!C4#1!5I!%!!!!1;!4!C%!5D%%! ;!4'%!M %C;L!C%-01
N'%LB4'!;F44!'5%!I1NDL;5#DML#
%F#%!4!C!#5BDD';D1%%#'DC'%D%;%#IF4!C#DDL;4CL%5L!DC'%LC%!#!C%5!DBF#D!;%5!1%;%'!#4C'B;DF4D;%!5!%#-:1
-9 %D%DC!%#4!%IF1!%#'B!%#4D ;!#L F1N!! !% !!! ! ;!%4 ! F%#%%!%!4MLD!%51 $! % ! ! ! %#4 ' % !%M;!!%!%1
- P, ; %#C D #'4 '%D%QFK1"1R!L%#!5 4 ' % Q!F K1"1R%# !LB %#4%#!'D!SKO1A4 11141861
-0 , ;!%!> O1A4 1114 1 6- 80K/./@1I4 41-6.@!'4( 11141-:K-61
-: !%%D#DC'B ;%L %L G%1%11A5(!4! &4 4&>4Q>R! & "4 41/9@O1A4 1114
-0
;L;%!CI% ;!4 %4 ! !!#F#4%# %!#!D%!I4!'##!%1 C'!!!4#F454##!L5!C4!'!%#!L5!!!D1!!4%D;F!!C44C5 !% !! #L FL#4%'%4!'%!#1
$CIF!!1!%!%M%#L!C4%'5!LCI4!CF#!#%5#1$!%D!L;5 F1 ! %%
;1 !4!!;4!'5;4%D!%!;!%L!5F#4!C'%%%1!;C'!!4!C5!L!!1 4!!5IF4!C!%!M!#BD%C;1'DB4'!
!L%#!LBD# ! ; D # ;D4D!#;D1PN#!5%%#'%BD!%#%!L4!CDL#!%S-61
%%%F#L%%!5!%C!G;;H1NDL!!4C!5L!!!%BD!514L4CL4!CF###-71
169H4'C'%;!!!%D5!#'I!%1
-6 J1!'4$ ,4!1OO4/8:.410601-7 O1A!C!!!C4%!C
P!4!C# Q%%%C'FK1"1R%4!C%%D%!4!CD4%'Q111RDDCSKO1A4 1114161
-:
L!%''I'C'B!D%;F>;1%%!4;1%%5
!4 ;1!4 ;14 ;1 !%!4 ;151!!!!!!5%!CIF4%!!CD#L!%
L!!!%-81!!%!D;#%C;C %# !C I %I5!4%%#I!1!%#'D%%D!5
!%I!%%#;4DL#1
Funkcja ochronnaE %% !4 ' %% GH
!!L!!%#%!1N'%5!B%C#C4LCDI'!L9.1N
%5%!!C4!CB% #C%#I!4#%!%%!1!!'5I#'B%!!C1
"#LBF!DD5L!!4 !% %L!1!!
!L!5!L!C%I!4%D4!!!%I!4%I!!4%%#4%I!D51N;D#D!!I4!C%!%GCL!DH4!5L!!!D%%;#%!!4!C%!% %# ;!C15!!;F!%!5 ! MC# %4 L %
K!!L%!!G%1!175!!H1
EF!CD'5%#>/H ;1%%!#'5
-8 >1A5(!4" &4 41819. 11I4 41-691
-6
!%@-H ;1%%!#'5!9/1,%!!;!%!5%CC'#DC'%!G!%!H!4'!L5 C ! D ' ;4 #%C'F#4!C#!%51N!!D!!4!C#D!D;%4D'#!;D15
4!!!%!%!5 %! ; !%! 4!C
!!!%4!4!4'%C'!IF1
E%%!!!%%D4!1D!%4!C
'DDGM%5%!H%1%!%5';!!L % !!1 % D ! ;F#CL
!!DLB!L!!4!C'>!%I!%4%L%#4'!4%C51E!%!C'%%D %#M % !% %!C%' D'!!1 #L !! !C 5I%%!!!DB1F!D%!!5
9/ '
%!C;C!!%5!DC%!C>!!'!%!G%!>F1X4$F42G44E4P !2S4Y1/:41-42-..941-.:11$4$%&4Q>R!# 4%114-..:41/69H1%'!'%!BC';!G%H!G%HEF#!!4!CD!5G!HC#G%I!HK%11A4$H4FI94P !2S4Y1/:41-42-..941/61,C'!D!D%CD!#>%1%1>1414 " 3#$%&4 P$S-..84G89H41961
-7
F'B%9-1%%%!!!F#%#% 5!M;51
4%%!;5!! ! D %! D !!D%!%>L45%#L%L1
%%!;F#%D%%L#%!C%991 #L ! !!!%%!1,!! %%! ! !!D#L F#1$!#D#C
!'!!%1%C%!I%%'44L4#L!%1!L4!CD%#!!;!%I!%1
N'B4'F%5L%!C%C';D%!4!%%%OO#!!1
Funkcja stabilizacyjnaE!F'D!4'!#L
!!!!!#!54% %#!L4!C%#!1PQ!FK1"1RB'5!!#!#!!C%#54!C !# %!S91"#LB% !!'%!B%C#C4!C%!;5#!C%# ! D!%I!%%%!4!C!!#%'1E!!#4%
9- J%!4!C'!B4'!%%DK%1%!$N-0-../G1!(/0=./HJ14/&"#4FI-..-41/8/1
99 !%;4!C%C%%!4L!;K%11A5(!4! &4 11141/:1
9 1I4 11141-6/1
-8
;!LB%D!I4!!5%4!!!901!%5D4';!!D%%!
%!!1%%I!9:1%%F5# ! 4 #C L #'
! ; ;!4 !C'1!!!LB5L%%C!!L!!%!%I!4%#I!!1
Funkcja sygnalizacyjna (inspiracyjna)E!#C'C!%5
9612!%'4'#B!;D%1'B'!5!%;C;%4!%%1
%%F#!!!!#54 #LB ! !!!!D!'!15
;F##!%4!#%%!CD%!5%%M#15CL;%!%!%4I4!C!;%5 !B D!1 !% ; '!;4%!M!!!%F#4%%I!1E'D!4'!#LF!%44'5;DL1
DL%%C#5;F5##!C%1!!%5L!;!4%%%5%!!%
90 121C4%4PI!S/8:741/-4178819: 1I4 41-6.196 EDF#!!C'>15$4
J1)421FI4$%4/88841 00 1@ 21)! 1 $4$%&4 Q>R4 % 11!41/@21 %4$%&4PNS/8784/4191
9.
%1,%D%% IF ! 4 $! !5D%L !%I5!%4!C%!%5%L%CL1!#LBF##%DL5L%%!%%!%4C;%!#D;D%4!C!!;;1A%D%L%#L'C!B%!45!!!%D#!4!C!%71
"#LBF!%D%!%%4%%!!%%' !C%!#!%!I%1
E %' B!' ; 97 %4 !C % %4!#!#!C%#15!B#IM%4%#B!D%'I1"5#LBF#%!C%I5!%#I%!C4 !C D%#%4!KC';'%1"D!F#!!%D!#!%5 % !L %! % !%'!%I!%1
,;!D;F4'%C#!%!!!!5!%!%#4!4%4#!L1F!%!!#L4!C!!!#4%%BD;D15!DBF44!'!5#DD!!%;1
$!##%!!8.1ZZ4!#LBF'!%!#5
97 N!!;%!>(1,#4 & 94P S-...4/41//@(1 4/3 4F5I-...41/-/@F1$!414/3 4/88841//@1I4 41-6/K-6-1
9/
%!%1,!F5# %# DC !#! !4%%%# 1OO5%4!%!!%I4!C';F#4
!4%4#C#C!%5!#I!4%%#1
Funkcja interpretacyjnaE!%!!D
;D%I!M%981!%!!5!#C'%2)! #$1 25'% ! % !D %!%1F4'D!!D%!!%#F#;!%!.1
ED%''%CBDB;DC!%4!1CC!12'#5!;!4G#H4'!!!!!%C5#I4!C!!%!%G!1#%!H/1"#LB!%!CC!5!!L
%%%4!5#L#1!%%5 # ! ! %4 !
!C% !% L D 4!!
%!45!1
F#!!#!%5 # %!-1 2 !
98 E!!';;4!C!#C'%1PN
DC!!#GC%!D%H%#C5L;D;4!!#C!C!1$;4L;;!L4!CSK214 4Q>RG& 41O4/87.41///1
. 121)!1$41!141/1/ 1"411141:01,#%!%!>212#I5A4
#4-../41/061@F1$!4141!141/-71
- 11"#4%* "4Q>R$%&9G&44%21FI4/876410/@J1)4
9-
!L1AB'LB5%!%!4F#%!B!LB;%%%%D%!!51O#4FC%%C!!44'!C%1!%I5##! !%5#!'!%!%%5!#!%91D%!!%!4!!!!!!%I5#%%!%!%!!!%%51,4!C#%!4MD!%D%5!! % ! !LB !!F#1
"D #L F# !
!;C!
%%C1E!%!'D5DI%!!%1!5' !!B %;DC ;% %I5!4 !C ! % ! I%!%'F#%1$!!5!%C%#!LB% !4 !%! !
! !
!%1D!;4C5L %% !C !%!4 !C D5!L4
!!1
- $4Q>R3JJ9$9%&4%114-..:41/6@1!54 3 * 4C-..941-7/@14 49* >P!!S-./.4-K941-70@21C54!>& $%&4PI5!S/87841-41/91
9 PN'C'!!!5#!%!!!!1%#!!C>%!!!4%!!!!%!!!Q111R!!%!SK&11A[;[4!"9KBB4PA!FS/8874-GH418QA!FR1
99
Funkcja kreacyjnaE%#!F!%5
1%C#!%%!;!!5 # ! % !!1 !# C'LC;C%I!4%1$4!4'
!K%%L%##5C!!%I!C#01
% ; ! %'%C1F#!!5!%!#!!LB1$!!''!;%4%%%!$5:1F#!C#12%5 ! D # % 4 '!!!#L%!CC! %1 ; !C F# !!C!%4'!!#!!C%!%1EDF#%#%!!1!5!4%!4!C#LBD%#%%C!% 12'C'!!4F#!%!%%5!4!%!4!C#LB%%!51
E!%!CD>5!%1D!%D%!5 !CIF4!D%!!C!D%%%1$! ! % %!%%%4CL!1/8.!!1F#!!!%#L!!1!!1N!! I ! %
!!"1 4!CC'#;D!C!!5K%1"1 4!"- 4/8881N!D;DC'15$4!" #94-..941/:91E%%!!!
!K%1>1E1"4$C/4POJ\!S4Y14142/8--41-/81&124$2 4PFJ YS/86:419-41991
0 1(1A#4!*+4! 4P$S-..64G7/H41/-61@J1)4 '&45-..941-/@1$4!!4Q>R 4%1124-..:41/61
9
!%%%4!C%!B!
%%%1!C'5!%!;>;MC#%45!%!!%%4%%!!%!DMC#%4L!5IF; %!!!C%I!1D ! ; ! ! !%!4!%!%!5!%%%%1
D%;F%%5!!K%!C!1$!!%!!!!1!4C'!%%5!4!14!C#LBD!#%5!#!%%%M %!1! !C !DB4!CB!%4%!%!D%!!4%5%!%%%1%!C5#!!
!4F5# % # !! % G CLKD!!%!H1%!%5 LB !4 !C !%%%1
;
'4F#%# D !1# !C1 P% ! Q#K1"1R!!!C!4!5'%B!%!!4''#%5#!%!!!%4!4L51'!!;4L
%B4'!!%!!%4%!S61$!#D!C4F5##M % !L !!%12!C4!1F
K%71
4!!;D5!4#!CM!D%D%%C%1! #%%
: 1J1)4 11141--16 J14&4PI!S/88:41/.17 1(1,#4 #& 4FI-..-4
1//Q%!!FR1
90
!%F#%D!!%!4 CL !4 L ;4 %5!#!
%81N!!5#%B%!!L!4!C5%!%L!%LDD%%%4%!##5D!G%DH%F#M%I!%%#%1!5#LB!B!!%BDC4%IML%!C%1
!C';D%!5%!!%MC#%4%%C!!!!!IF4;!5 MC# %4 !' #'4 ' ! %!!GH%!%!%!C#LBC0.1
;%D%5%!4F#%%#LB5#!%1"D!!%C;G%%%%H;!#!%5%1L#C'!#! !C%#54!C%D!!1!%'!:.1ZZ4'P! B ! LB % !%C4'!%4%'!D5%!S0/1
,F#!!!MC#%12'%!#!%'%C%!D!%%4''B!MC#%0-4!C%#%%5
#%!D%1
8 1(14%& 4PI!S/88:41-41-::1
0. $ ! !! %!> L 2 !4 1N14 1$
4"!!/8861
0/ (1 $!4# "# 6 * 84PI!S/8:641K041://1
0- >(1,#4 11141/781
9:
1.3. Funkcje pastwa i prawa a funkcje TrybunauKonstytucyjnego oraz innych organw wadzy sdowniczej
%C'D ;% ;%I!091E %I! D #!#! #L L;'%#4%!;'%#
!!L01C';%!%004'%L;5%I!D
L%!%#!%!# % %# %%!' ;
#1$! ! % ! %! #L%I! % # BC# %1E % %I! '4C#K;%DC;%I!1%I!%%;4!C'D%#!!K!#%0:1
%D;%I!%%!
!!L4!C%!4'#!
; !L %# # ! !061 %I!%%!4'%I!%%5
%1%%!!%I!%#!4'%I!!!!%!4%!L5#%L#!%#071O#K;%I!!%
%1$!!!4'P%I!!D%4!D5%!!'LB%!%#S081$!!';%I5
09 1%1(1U%!44-...41::K69@2149 ,4 P$! OS /87:4 /04 1 /.8 1@(1 4/3 3&> , =- 4FI-...41:K:64/-.K/--@1I4 41-:81
0 (1U%!41!141:61(!!C'!D%;%I!>5D!4D!4%5!4!54G%1!'41:8K6H1
00 $!!!>1A!449#34%4Q>R/&%% #93 C% 4 C$,4 % 1 1A1!54-./-41061
0: 11A5(!4! &4 41/0106 >214 >Q>RG& 41O4
/87.410107 1(1 41!141/-.108 214 ,41//91
96
!G44!4!!%1HC'%%%:.1P,L;%L5!%'L;%I!L%GH%#1"!!;
#%I!111S:/
F#!!!#%4%'#LB#'LIC%I!1%!4!C!#%%%L!!!4F#!5;%G%I!H1!%I12#LB!D''L%!#5C%I!G';H4%!5!!!%5;#LC#%1
4!#LBF#'%!5B %#LB%I!4!;F%;%I!%1$5%;C;%I!%4#G!!H!%#15%D1N!C;!5D'C#L!C;%G%I5!H1#B!!;4!%!4!CC'D%;#C;%I!%4B%F#'5%!I%I!1O!!;F%!#DD%!;%G%I!H4!!!G%1;1FH1
EF#'%D;%5!#C#4CL$N'4N$(!F#$!1,!5!11;D1#LBC%$N!%!D%!C%G;1%%!H4!!5#LBC!4!N$(4DC5
:. N''%#L!'B;%%I!>P$!54';%I!!%%
%'D%#!#%I!44%5
;%L#D#;%I!SK1A55(!4! &4 11141/-1
:/ 1I4 11141-:81
97
!C%!C%4 %I! G;1 %%!H1!!%%!5! ; !4 !%1O#LB4%!%%F4#DD%!;%I!%1
!C'%DF##5;GC4%I5!%H!;#L!%!C1,#!!#C%;%5%LG!1/60!!H4!1!5%!%%4L!C1;%#!K!G$N%H!K#G!H1O#LB#%'%C%5!1$!I!C%#!%#5 4 !1 ' ! %D!1"%#!#!#L!C%!%#!!%#%%;1F#!!#%!5; %1 !F 5! % 4 ! 4 L!5!!!'D4%!M1
O!!!C'!4'F# %%!G%1!1/6!!H1!!;%I!4CL5#4!D;
%I!%%!!!1
2. Orzeczenia Trybunau Konstytucyjnego
F#!!!%I!%#D54%#L%!5 !! !I:-1%!!!#
:- %%D!DI%!F44!%;4%%#DC!%1' ! %L %! %4 ''!#'!%!!%1$C#5
98
]OOO!!>P$F#SD!!>PF#!!SG!1/77K/86H1!C5'%%!!!%#4%1!1684/--4/9/4/994-981,F#4!%!D%!C!/%/8861 F!!:94 F: %!D%12'!%LB4'
F#%%!!!!%5#!#!4!!D!I1
,4!%%4!!5D!%% 4%!
D!#%!!'%%C!%#%
%11%115$4!"111@1E5!4,$%&4I-..:@2124$9%& = LLL B %*4P&%$!CDS-..849K@J1)4)*6 ""4P$S-..84G89H41891@)!4"3+9 4P$S4G7/H41-61@1)!4E"9 M4P$S/8884G99H4181@1)'I4!" %E4,!-..8@1)4E"#%&>0$S-..84G89H41//1@134(& 3 $%&94-..7@124I 4E4Q>R/&%% #91114410:@1%4/# 3 9$%&4,!-..7@)1414)&"#& "#%4Q>R! %&""4%1,1A421%#414$-..741// 1@"1J5$!4E " !'24,!-./-@"1 41!1@1$4&"4Q>R9>#>4 ,3 " 4)F4% 1 F1 "D5 (1 24 /8884 1 /0/ 1@1$!4( % %%3#$%&96"""84Q>R&% , &,94&"94%1A1A412#I4$125^4#-./-41/781@1!4$%& 4P$S-..84G89H41/661@21#4/3"4P$S-..84G89H41/-81@14$%& 3%9"LLL4P$S-..64G7/H41/0/1@!'4! 3$%&4-.//G!1!!!H1
:9 "11/.-4%1:9%CM11: #$DC,CF#!!9%M5
-..:1% F#!!G116-4%16-.1H1
.
M%!1O#K!!L##L4!C!%M%5%!#%!D%4M!'!5%D!!:01 !D!P!
L5L4!C%!!;!!%%%#!LS::1
,F ! ! G#!H%F#!!I4%!LC4!#%%5#!:61%%D!!%4F
'%B%1!%!54 !C ! % !! G!H1%D%!4!C!!%#%!D%G;H:71
2.1. Wyroki i postanowienia merytoryczne
!!! %5#'# D %D4 !C L! !D F1!1/77'!!PS4!1/78/9/%#'D%D
P!S1(!1/8.4!C%!!DB!5F4DPIS4!!!1/6!P5S%!# %%!1N5L!%%!F4!C!16.!%!1;5F#%!1/77!!4!! ;%!%!1/78/9/!!:81!F#%!I;$
$!%#L!G!1!1/!FH%!;#L
!%%G!1!1-!5FHK!!1%!1!!
:0 114(" &4Q>R! 4%11 4!1OO4#KKCK)IKUCM/87641 -/0 1@1$41_43 '&4-../41-0:1
:: 1$41_41!141-061:6 115$4!"111419961:7 $!!!%!>(1I4($%&4
Q>R3JJ911417K8/1:8 115$4J1)421FI41!141-.71
/
!PSDD%!D5!D!6.1
%C#%!!1$!!I#!5D!%#%%!!!1I%!D%%!!!1!
%%!!%%!L=5L1!#!%5L!!C#I%!%!G!1/77%!!!!16.!1/%!0!FH4'!DI!D%I1!
%%D%!!%!DLB%!I!!4!%!5I4!C%#;D1
,F4CL4!D15!%#C4%5'!!%;!IF4C'1
%!F4;
!G!H%%6/1!F%!D%%%D!!D!G%1!16/!1/!F!19-01%11H6-4!CC%%DD#B%GH!1!4!1/.!!4F#!#4%%D5C4D'!!DC5 %44 ! $N1,!!C4!# 5%%!G!1/6!!H691
6. 1%L4'P!!D!5
G!1/6HSK ?9:;;
-
%'I!!!5DBF%!#C#12'!5B4 ' GH F# % !!C%%!#!D!1!5C'D!%!1#LC!%%L G!1/60!!H4 5%D!%C!%4!!F# D%!!!L5!C%1$!C';#L4!C!5!%61NC5IF!1/8.!1/!!4!C!4'
%!!1
!!;4!5! %DP%S4!C!L!PMC#%%5S60G!1761!!H12'!!5'!!!!C%4!C!54%%%1,IFD!!B'%'!'5D'!C1PDa%5b'!!1/8.!1/%CC';B%%LL%C!La%#!bS6:1%5CF%!4'#!1,!4'#!!C
4!C#%!
!1 ! P%LBS ' B P 5L%!C%!L5
6 %'!%!>(12C;4( $%9&4PI!S/88841//41-71@1I4!")9$%&B%*+*+44P$S/88-4419.1@(1I4H * "4 PI!S-...4104191@(1$!4!")$%&9 #&34P$S/88:4-4191@$ & G&4/&2=/9%?< ?OON4 % 114-..041/09K--81
60 cC#%%!!4!C%!G#'5H'B'!!C4CL>C;54%4!%L%4C%I!K%11"#4PR 94191
6: 1E5!4,$%&11141071
9
FS664';!BD'!D%!C%4CL>;4%4! % L % %I!1!!F%LD4'!!%5%##!6715 %# !4!C%!5!D1
%I!CFC#! 44''!!%!D%!%I!G!19:0`/1%11H1!!!5%!D%4!'!4!CD!!1$!%4'!1/8.!1/9!!
F!!%%!!D4%5!!681
,!!LB IF% !4 ' '7.1,!4'!%!5FB%F#4%%I!!L#5!'L'1%!-:%M/87717/
!!!D%%C;#%DP!!LBS>P,4'F#!!'5!%!D%4!CC%!#54!#!#!%!D%
!1%4'F5#!!!!4!D!4'#!D%S1
66 115$4!"1114190@31E%4! ,$%& 3 *9"#4P!S-./4041/:@1%4/9# 3 416911!%C'N$(>-6!-./9G1!OE$:-=/-H/0%M-./9G1!O)$/09=//H1
67 10!%/870G1!0=7:H168 N!C!!!%!I%
#B4!C!4!!4DL%G%1%1-/-../41!$/0=..H1
7. "/6%M/8881F#!!%#%!5%$4!CC#BDL-=9#CL%#5!%#C4%!#!I!D%!%!I%1,!!1
7/ $1!6=771
!F%%#'5I!4F#!%%!%4!C
! M %! !!57-1#%!/./888179F#!5#4 ' PaDLBb%!D%%F#'LB a%5b ! % !! !%!D%S@ !! %! / %M -..- 17
%L#4'>PD!!%!D%%F5#!!MB '!1 -.! F!%%C%!D5%S1$!!%!D%%!!5!D%%C%!D%!5 %4 4 %!D%4 !L%%4%!D%!!701
#LB!'I4!!!!5L%IFD##DD!!%!DB%#1
2.2. Orzeczenia formalne (tzw. postanowienia wpadkowe)
! ! !D F1!C'D!;I'D!5L1!G%!4!C!16.!1-%!/K9!FH!!1F#5%!!;C4!FG%1!16.!1-%!H1!';5
7- 1%1%!F>/./888G1!F/.-=87H4-8%-..-G1!F/0=./H4/%M-..-G1!F:.=-../H4/6%-..9G1!/9=.-H1'!%%!K%115$4J1)421FI41!141-/-K-/(1I4' # 3 $%&4P!S/88746K74101
79 $1!F/.-=8717 $1!F:.=-../170 11411141-61!'B4'%!D%5
%%!4!'%F#
$!!!G%1!1/6!! !1/7!-:/87-1F$!@!!1>"11-..-4/./4%18-0%CM11H1!%!#4!F4%!D%'5!B1
0
%!!%C!!!%!;%!D%5%F#4!!%4;#!%F#C'!%4%!C'5!I4!!!D7:1!5F!160%!;!>%!5I%!D%%%!I%!D%%1
!'%%P!D!D%#%!4'D%D%%%!D%'!5BDS761N'B%5%C;G!19:!FH%!D%G!198!1:.!1-1-!FH1'%#!%%LC%5!I12!!%!4!C%L#1 %'4 % D 4!%!#%!'L#5%#771!I%!D%B%G%1!160!1/!FH1
!I%!D%%!%!D!!C'!5!4%1$!!%!D%544%!D!5%L%# #%!D%1"!%I
'B%!%>L!!!
! ! G!1 6/ !1 - ! F!1/8.!19!!H784!!CG!1-!FH@!%5!!!G!1%!!K!10.! FH@ %! G!1 69 ! FH #G!16!FH4%!%!
7: 114(" &4Q>R! 4%11 4!1OO4/87641-:61
76 F'177 %!>15$J1)421FI41!141--178 !%4'%'!%!!
!4'P!D!!!!%!1/8.!19!!!!!%SK%1!'41-.81
:
! % % %C %!G!10!1-!FHLL!5)%!!L# C%!%!12#'#E5!P5!I%F#!!!!5
D!4%!'!!%!%L %% ! ! %4!C!BS8.1!!!!L5ID%'%%!I4'! !C1B M!L1
2.3. Typy wyrokw91
Wyroki deklaratoryjne i negatoryjne%#CF%%#M!5
!!L!%M1$!!'C'D>!K!LBML!!!!%5''!!K5!!LB!%8-1
P$!!!LQ111R!!!!%M % 4 ; !!4L!!!!S891!5G;!M%!H%D5#I%%I!8!%!#
8. 1E5!4,$%&11141718/ %!!4%C%!'C4C'
D!'!1!P'SG%1%14(15!4/ $%&4 P$S -.//4 G/.0H10/H4!CC'D%1E#!%#%!B%!!4!!'!#!!C'!%!DBF1
8- ,C'!%%#CIGCFH%!>"1N4G , $%&4 PI!S-./-4/.4181
89 15$4($%&K 3> 4 4PI!S-...41/-41-.12!!%F!%G%1!1/8.!1-!! H1
8 1 1 5$ J1 )4 21 FI4 1 !14 1 -/-1 O>124/#$%& "># 9& 4Q>R&%41/:91
6
D!!LL%LB%1,!80!!!!4'! ! %! B%%%G!H4!C#D!%5!'MC#%1%%C!'!!%'!C8:1PD%!GH!%%!D!L5FS861
#!DBF!!!%4''B4'!!D%5!1B!!!%!%!;!#';!1"!5D>!%!4%1
Wyroki prosteE#!1I%!87%%C%!
%%!B> Jd884!!%%5C!> Q /..1%5%C!;#!'C'B>
80 1"#!!11!'4( 3,$%&4Q>R/&%% #911141/0/,$%& & 4Q>R3JJD9$%&-4,$%&B& 4%111A5#4-./.41:8K6.1
8: FBD%15$4'!F%%%G%1!'4(11141-.!"911141.-H1!%!
4!C5%%G!1H !!1 4 G!!!%!>21N41F4/3 4/88941H1!!!%%% !4;!%!B B5
!!%4K%#!K!5
!CGDH1
86 15$4!"11141.-187 '%DP%!S!!CCF!
%%!%!!K%1%115$54!"11141./K.:@1E5!4,$%9&11141781@"1 41!141691&1!G1!14181H%#D%DC1
88 1%1F>9/886G1!1/=86H40!%/886G1!1--=86H46/888G1!1:=88H%!/-4/6-..9G1!$/0=.-H1
/.. 1%1%!/-F0!%/87:G1!0=7:H4%!/-6!%/886G1!1//=86H46%M-..9G1!=.-H1
7
'/./ 1"%LBI%! ;!# '!%L%!!1N'%LB4'!!5!!C!DB!G%1!1/8.!19!1-98!1/!!H1,!L!C%5!
!1/8.!19!1/77!5!4!C!4'F#%L1
!!;# Q
%L4'%%!'G%!!H!!#L!5L1L54 ' ! %% ! %D!
%%!%!D!1N'%!B4'%%C'D%D%!M%5
!4!!4'%!!G%%'H!!G#L4#H!
'!B%!!!L!1
Wyroki interpretacyjne$!!%!%!D%;#D>
J #%R111/.-1$!!%!!!LM!5!L ! %% G! H !!4L%4!C!#5!1!4!5DF4%%D!%1%5% ! ! %% L
/./ 1%1%!-K-6!%/886G1!1//=86H4%!96 /888 G1 ! :=88H /6 -..9 G1 ! $ /0=.-H1"1"!C';#! 111 9 J111K%1F$:O ?OOO6!?:R;;84P$S-../4:G6H4181(!!4'!LB!;#I ! !4 !%!%C';#C%!1
/.- ,F-.!/889G1!/-=8-H#%!!%G%1%!-6!H1'C'%!B!%!;> J #%K%1%1/7!/886G1!/:=8:H4>-:!%/886G1!:=8:H4-.%M/887G16=87H4/.!%/887G198=86H48!/888G1!=87H1$!!C!%!%!>"1N41!141/.1@1F4(9 $%&&& 4-.//G!1!!!H1
8
4!!%%!!%5 ! D! L %%4 !C#!%'1P!%!D5!L'L#%%C%4D!%LC'!C!%!5!%%4!C!!!S/.91
! ;# ! !% I ! !#% !!4 %D! EF#!! EN!5!!1%!%! !!! 5!##'4'P!!L!5%!D%B!4'!!!4!C%L45
!L!%!!DS/.1E!4'L5!%%!4! !4 ' !!L %1'D!!%%%%D!
%!!1P,!4'%%! !! % L 4 !!K!
%5#K%%F#S/.01
%C#L%D%4'!5%!!!I!;5
!/.:4!1!LB!%%!5!!1O!!;!!!%4!;
'!!1!!#%!$N>PF#!5!!!LB!!L#!!4!C%!!5%%4!%!%!D%%5!1.//1%11S1$N'!D#
%/.61N!%!!##!D
/.9 F//-../G1!$/:=..H1/. ,F/7%M/88G1!-=8H1/.0 7-...G1!$--=88H1/.: 1%1"1N41!14107K08@1I>/ &$%9
&"4Q>R$%&3JD94%1E1 4(124-../41/61
/.6 1#D#DC$N/6-..8G1!OOO-=-..8H1
0.
C !%!4 ! !' ! -./.K-./F#%##D%';#!4'#!
L1
Wyroki zakresowe$!%!D%;#D> 9
JR 111/.71!!%F!LB/.84L//.MLB///DL
%GL!5H4!L%%4!%5'1!!!!!L!!L ! %% # ! 4 % ;5
!//-1E5!C#D ;!4'!B!!L!%%5!C>4%!%5!//91
!!%!!5!LG!LHDL%%4!!! ! ! ! ! DL !%%%1, !%#!15!!!4'!D!!!5LDC#B!1!%LD5! ! ! I 4 ' !!%!!LB4!5
/.7 1%1>!%-..9G1!/=.9H49-..-G1!-:=./H4/--..-G1!8=./H49.L-..-G1!/=./H1"5CC'DL4!C;#!!!D5%> J3*R111K%1%1!/88-G1!0=8/H4--/886G1!-=86H11E5!4,$%&41/.91
/.8 1%1%!/!-//888G1--=88H4%!/-!5!%-..9G1!/=.9H1
//. 1%!-!!/88-G1!0=8/H4%!/!9%-..-G1!$9/=./H1
/// 1%1%!0!-.!/889G1!/-=8-H4:/887G1!96=86H4%!-!9%-..-G1!$9/=./H1
//- 11E5!4,$%&41/.91"#4/,$%&41671
//9 11E5!4,$%&41/.:1(1!4'!D%L!C;5!L%!CG(1!41!1410.H1(!%'
%%!!%DCG1091H1
0/
!%!#%!LB!G5!LH1
% !!' %!B !4 !C% D C'C !%! 5C!!//1FBD%'%4'##!%4!K5L ;F!% GDL%H1$!C!%!!5!
%LM!L4!!4%%1&;!5D!!D!DL
%1P!%!!D4'!!5
%!%%%4%!C%%!D!!4CD%!%51Q111R5!D4%%%4!C!%4!!!%!S//01!!F%5! #L ! 4 # D!1!!%!#'/87:1//:%%!%5!L1
Wyroki aplikacyjne % ! I F
K%#D%!F#-..-1//6 $!5!!L!!4!!C5!!D!C%!#;!C%%//71";%4 3 2FI !4 ' !!%C'B4!C!;5
#D L ! % F !
// 1%121FI4( $%&4PI5!S-..-41/41:@1)4&1UD!42&:;O9 "4PI!S-..9418419K1
//0 1E5!4,$%&41/.1//: 1%!--7/87:G1!/=7:H1//6 !!%!#-0!-..-G1!0=./H1//7 11E5!4,$%&41//-1
0-
%//812L!!%%>! !L !C %# !!4%%B!/-.1$!!I
'B!D%;#D> J>9* * # J/-/1O#KF#44 'L!D!!!!L4%'L!5;!C%4!C%!#5 !%%1F#!D4'L%%!!!CLL!4!1%'LB!LB4'!
%CI4!C%!#5!!1,!!L!%5%F#!;5L4%D!B%!/--1
!D ! ! %4 ' !!'L %5G!1/8.!1/!!H4%45%D!F4'!!'C!%1
//8 13421FI4#,$%&9)!"24-..741771
/-. 12L4 +4P %%!S-K9%M5-..1!!L!C%#D5L%D!4#!CP%L4%#%!%%5!!4%!SK%1%1F:-..-G1!6=..H/.-..-G1!:=.-H1"%!B! ;#D4'!C'I !D%CK%1F>-9L-..9G1!-.=.-H4--..9G1!-:=.9H4/7-..G1!$97=.9H1
/-/ N%1!F:-..- G1!6=..H%!!!L ` /: %! EC 0 ! /887 1%%!!D%;#D>P!%!5!%!%!!%%S@%!OO!F/.-..-G1!:=.-H%%!O!D%;#D>P%!%%C%I !CDLO%!-K0%#!%!S@%!-!-!%-..9G1!-:=.9H!D%;#D>P#!C%#5%L'S@%!OO1-1!-%M5-..6G1!$6=.6H!D%;#D>PLCQ111R%%!!1/8.!1!!S1
/-- ,%!F'%!BC'%4!CF!!%G#
'LB!!1/8.!1!! H4%1%1F>8-.//G1!/0=/.H4//!-./.G1!/0=.8H4/9-.//G1!$/=.8H1
09
Wyroki z odroczonym terminem utraty mocy obowizujcejprzepisu prawa # % % !4 ' F '
#G!1/8.!19!!H12'!!5'LB!!!!%54!C!#%%%'D51F!'%B/7D4!D4!!K/-D1%%5I4 !C ' De # ; %!'!4F#L!!!5!!%%De% !C15!!%#/8/8871/-94!C!#` 0 !1 / %! ,% $%# /6/88:1%L%/-1
,!!!!!%5'!B74!C!1$!5!%DL!D%;#D>L J@LL) :;O@3>
%"" J" /-015F%!54%!%45!!%%1!!!!4%%%C!%!%4'!!5! !!L % 1!!%!D%!1
/-9 $1!0=861/- "11:94%19.-1/-0 1%1!D6!%-...G1!/:=..H1$%!DC5
';#4!C%!%!!%%%4%1!8-...G1!:=87H1%!F'%!B;#!L'>
/H 2%""" &J3&9K%1%!/!-.!-..0G1!-=.-H4%!OO!-6!-..0G1!/=.0H4%!OO!0!-..7G1!9=.:H1
-H 2%""" &J3&9= K%1>/--..0G1!9-=.H4/:!-..:G1!$9.=.0H4-0%-..:G1!9.=.H4/:!-..6G1!0=.:H4---..6G1!-=.0H4//-..6G1!:=.:H1
0
Wyroki prewencyjne!C'D!!!!L%>
%G%H/-:%G!D%H1!C'5 !! %! % D %!D%%!1!!D%F#'B!%%4!4!C!##4#'!!!%1%5D!D%%;!!L%%%!#!%%#%!5!1/8//89!!1!%'B5!#%! %%%!5!-/%#'!%#$G!1/--!!H%!;D5G!1/99!1-H1!!F#!%4!C5!##!!!%1
%C'DC!1N# ' ! %4 % %! % !! %%#G!;H!GDHM!L1$!%'%B;#D%!! J91/-6! J/-7%%4F##!%!4!%%!B%!!J/-812'!!4'!!C%%!!4%!B!D'#!4#!12'%%D#!4C
#DCDL>OH!CF!!!5LB%%C@OOH!CF!4'%%
/-: 2'%I!&%4!!%D5EG%%#!!H4%%5!!D%1'%D%I%D! D1 EN4A#43%J!!%D!!D1(!#%!!!LD5!4!%!!%!1!!!!D%1
/-6 1%1!DF0/887G1!90=87H1/-7 1%!-!-9!/888G1!-0=87H1/-8 "I-./F#!!K%1-9!
/888G1!-0=87H1
00
%!O#!/9.12'F4'%%!#!4!5DC'##DCDL>OH!CF!!!LB%%C@OOH!CF!4'%5%%!O#!/9/1
%%D%C%!!5!L;#!CF!!CD5%!;1%''%5B4 ' !D#%% C! IFD%#;#D%!!5M!1
/9. $!>L8 JLL8 L"&"""I-./1F#!C>-.!%-..-G1!/=.-H4
-0!%-..-G1!96=.-H4/%M-..8G1!%=.8H4/%-./.G1!%8=.8H4-.!-.//G%6=.8H4/-.//G1!%/=//H4:-./9G1!%/=/-H4
/9/ $!%!D%;#D>OH JOOH L"&"""I-./1F#%D!L!C>-/887G1!
9=87H4 -7!/888 G1!9=88H4 9%M-../ G1!-6=./H4/.%M-../G1!-7=./H4--..G1!96=.9H4/.!%-..G1!%/=.H4--L-..0G1!%/=.0H48!%-..0G1!%-=.0H46-..0G1!%9=.0H4/:%-..8G1!%=.7H4!%-..8G1!%/=.7H4-.!-./.G1!%:=.8H4/9%M-./.G1!%/=.8H4/-!-./-G1!%/.=.8H4-%-./9G1!1%/=/9H1! D4 ' ! !% !4'%%!4!!5!D!!1A!!!L5'!%%#!%D%5%CG%1(1I4($%&41/./H1F##!!>-/-../G1!-=..H4-0!-../G1!/9=./H4-8%M-..-G1!96=.-H1
0:
Rozdzia II
Geneza kontroli konstytucyjnoci prawai ksztatowanie si funkcji Trybunau
1. Lata 19181939
!L!!!#%
%!C!OO %%!/1%!#DCLB% !! /6 /8-/4 !!-9!/890%##%!'C%L!C!!1$#5'##)!4'!!!L%#'!!4!C#!CD-1
%!!D%!D!!#%D%!CC!!CI;5
L!1%!OOO %E#5 # !%%! ! !!L!1 ##4 ' ! % %! % !1L%%!%5
! % !!L !# BL!91'C4'!5
/ !!
'%!!#!D!OO 5%%!4%1%%%D$!!F5 $!G%114 4/8--41/:H4%%%%1J!#%!!!G%1(1)''4($% 4 Q>R 3 " 4C'4%1121FI54(124/88:41:7H1
- 11)!4%* 34Q>R LL ) 4 % 11$4C-..:41/..1
9 115$4!" #45-..94 1-7@(1)''4($%1114 1:8@21$4- "#3"*E4Q>R$%&9B&44%21FI4/876416K71
06
!#4!CD#!!%#!4 %!% ! %%!%$$!1
!D!!%L !C%5###!!%#D1C%L#!!!5!%!01!!!#L%!%D!#!#4#!! !%C4%!!!!5#C#L1%L'4CB!!!L!4!D%D5I G!1 H! G!15H1%%!#!!!C%4!LB4;!LB;!#%'!%L4%!!4'(!4#53%D%#1N%;!5#C!%I!#C'%5%!!!%OO :1!!' ! ! !!L!C!%!#D!!1PO"I5#!#!!Ga
LbK!L#K%a!!bHCGa%5bH4!CD#'B#LB!5%!S61!D!!!OO C5'%#D%#!!#1$#'#$4'P!!!5L%#!C!%C#%!21#G!1HS71
$ ! !!>1)!4%1114 1 /.. 1@ 1 2!D4*+# LL4 P$S -./.4-G86H41661
0 1314'%* "9 :F1X4$F42G494E4P !2S4Y1/:41-42-..941-.61
: $>15$4!"11141-K-:16 >(1)''4($%111416917 1$4$%&4Q>R!# 9
4%1114-..:1
07
N%'%#D
%%C!C!!1 !!5#!G!C!H4!C#%!G%1!197!!!18!1-5!! !H # 'L !'#G%1!179!!!1:!10!!!H1 P(!#!Q!1:!!!K1"1R!!!5#C!!4!16466 7/S81!%!!!OO C#;BD!5!4!!L!' !##DC'I1(%%C!54!%!%4'D!!#!'
%/.4'##!D!C%!1$!#!4'DLB!!#!4!!4#>P!'5%Q111R!#!#D''!5!4%'%%L!!!4%%!IS//1
!!C!##D%;
!!!L%1%!#';5
I1N#5;!4'!%!L!%5 ! # %4 %#D!D/-1%%!5!!LD%;!4%%4'!'L!4%!!1L%LB!!L!!%D;4!1!!##L!'#1 ' %%%! D
8 (14 ?@:;@A94JCK/89041/.:1
/. 13141!141/::1// F'41-7:1O>$1)#4! *+"4P 4&5
$S4 1]O4I/8-:41---91/-13141!141-67:4!%!4!C!##D%!C1
C%!!#!!%# D%%%%%!!C!5%!1,4!C#!!LB!C%4B!D%1Pa)!!b#L!D%#'%!5!%%%%'45'!!S/01N%!#C'!5
/9 #D!D!!#$N'G%1341!141-671!1!!H4!!D#N'F#(5!G%1!'41-601!1!!H1
/ 1114=# %6>> 84C/8964108@149 ?@:;@A39%!! &"45/8904176K77@(141!141/.:K/.6@3141!141-07K-081
/0 3141!141///1%!%!!!
4 !C B %! L !!!4BDP$!'SMPF#$!'SG%1155$4!"11141-69.@(1)''4($%11141:7H4%5!;!4#%!!!1
:.
%!!!!%5!!L!C%1,4!C$N'MN'F#(!##%%C5!!4 !# !!C !%! !%'!/:1E%5#D4!C!#4'%%!% ! 4 ' ! !1 7/!!
M!1:!10!!!#5%%%B%!D!D15'I!!!LL5#;!%!!!!4C'#C!%1
, ;FD%! ;C D4 ' # %!%!%!12'!5!%!BD%%I!1%5 ; CD4 !C!## D %#LB4!!4#%5;C#4!C'F#5!!1
2. Lata 19451985
2.1. Lata 19451982
IOOL!%D!%!5 %%! ! !!L !C %4CL!1#!%!!%I5!!G%CM!H4!C!5#'LB!!!L%%D!5'%!1'%!#%
/: DL%!C!!4!C##!!#5!!4%'#!121AI%#>PN!'L!!!!%!!!Q111R%L!BF#!!SG21AI4(4934PN#LBS4!1]OO41-H4!!(1%%#>PN'5!F#!!L%!C!Q111R!5%#!!SG(14/ $%&4PN #LBS4 !1 Z]4 /89/4 1 04 !1 >(1 24$%& :;@?4Q>R 9418.H1
:/
%!!.10.1ZZ4!!%#!6.1
"/!/86:1K!1L'!!5/. !/86:1/64!C#!D--%/80-1K%!!!L%%4!C!## D%1" /86#!!/6/8-/4!D%5!1#!!D/71P!!!/8!5/864!!G!17/H4#!
DM%!4'a%'5L!!C!'#bS/81N%5#C'%%!4!C#5%!L!C%!1
!!--%/80-1!/86:#'!'%5!4%#C'I%%!C%'!12%!5#%!;DB'!5C%%#1A#D!!!%!5!4!#%L%%CM%#%!%D!!%I!!!5%L-.1
!!#1!%5!!#!D%!L%!5%#%4P'%I!!%!LB%!!G!!LBH!D%!4%IS-/4P!5!!L!%f5 ! !!4 %!D% #L ! %I!!111S--1!#DC
/6 !/.!/86:1!! JG"1104%1-8H1N!!%!>1$4E :;
:-
!;%#C !%!!5 # # % % 4 !C # %5!D%!#L%$%D
L!12!%5%L ! ; ! !!L%%!C'!L!!%#I%I5!4 !C ! !D %-91 $%!%!!!5L%%OO>!%!1P"!K%5'Q!K1"1R%!#;%5D!%!Q111R@%!K%'#%C%!%!!5S-1
%#!#!D%%!!
#%$!; -01F#4''L%# ! L 4'!1/!1-!1-!! J4!#L!5$4!#B%L
1#4!C!##LB%5%4#!!DDL%!G%1!1-.!! JH1!!1:-!/80-1D%!4D%'%!L!C!!#5%!%%1
N%#!:.16.1%I!!%5#D!!-:1/86:1!%#!!%#C%%4!51 /. ! !# ! I!# P% %!
!!SG%1!19.!1/%!9!! JH-61A#!%
-9 1!4," * "4PI!S/866416411
- 1$4$%&11141/091$!!!%%#F%OOL!>!'4* ,'44Q>R &,%3 "4/'4%11"#14C/8781
-0 1$1 4*> L LL4 PI! S/8741///-@!'411141-.61
-: 1(1)''4F #&94PI!S/86/4175841-71
-6 $!!!>1$4E11141/.61
:9
#!%%!54;!!!L%1,!%C5%C#D%D
LB%! %! ! % %%!F#!!1 ! !# %'!%%!%LLL-71
N%''I'CBD;!4'C%#%!L!!!5 !C% ' %1N %# !1:-!! J4!C!#4'DL % !!1! ! !#D!4'%#!%!!%4#DC%!#!%-81"%C'D!5!%!! J4!C!#%L'9.1
4!/80K/87-#'f5 C4 !C# %! ;!!L! !C%1FD
CBL!;4!C!##D%!DL!!C%4'!5!%! !#1 I!4!C#/86:1C%%!!!5%#!G%1!19.!1/%!!! JH4##1$!5#L##DC;%I!4%!#!!IC!1$%%! !C# #;>1
-7 11"#4E :O:;
:
2.2. Lata 19821985
J!/87-K/870%#%'!%4!C%!##' !!!C%5#4'#1-:/87-1!D!! %%!J59/1N# I!%!D5L%!#!!!1994!C%#%!F#!!1$!#D!5!#D!!%'!1;CDD#B!%%!%%5!4!!!!!L%1
#!!!C%!%#F#%#D%#!0.1ZZ9-1%#!CC!!1, %!! D L %4!C%#!/87-1!5%#%'%%D D!!L ! 1
C!%!5%#!!4%B%!CB'!#4%!B!1'!%!5#!!K%LL$14'!%LDD5%!%%C!!1!%!%L'#!5B!!D4!C%#LB!!C5!!!1
!%!%L ##DL!
L L$12%!%5%!#B4#LB !# ! 1 )! %!!!%!!#BF#!!125'#B$#4!B#LB!991,!!4'!5
9/ "11//4%17919- 11)!4!"* ,- .9
/4-..9417!1!!!D199 $!!!>1"#4&$%&9
4Q>R/% % 4%1J1(!14J/87041:/K:91
:0
%%!!!D#D%!%%!4'LD!5%L1##5$%#L $ !F##B D%D4%!#!B;!!591%!%!!5#P%%!!!4!C54'
!!%G!!%I!%!H'%4%' ! #111S901 % L$#!%;IF!!!LB!G%1!199!1-!! JH1 2' %# % F4C#DL-=9#CB4!#!%5%1
!!%%#F##%5!IF1#BC;%I!!%%#I!1"#5LB!!#%CB%BC5!;'%#%!4%!!B;L!I4#4C4'%C4%!%!!C!%1 CL#%5BL4%1
O!!!F#'LB%%!!MC#%4!C!5#D%!L4%LK!%CML5KPS1%!!!!!5'4!4'!%%!D!%B!MC#%4%!!!#!!C9:1,!5!'I!!!4#D!#5B! LI%!%!;!!!!%F#1!#5'#4'F%!D#;DD%;>%1#F##%!%B%%/87.1;D
9 115$4$%&E4/87:419/190 1)!4!"*417019: $%'!%!>1"#4&1114107K:/1
::
%%#%I!1!#LB5F%B!D!!L45L #I#! 964 ; 5%B !LB #I C #' ;
%I!1
"%#F#!!#%%5 %% I!% !!L%1LB!%#!4' %#%!$4'#5 !D !!L !C% % %!1 CL I!'5C %%!J%##5L4!!!L!C5
! % %I! !971$!!!!/87-1%5# D%!%!!5 %#!%!4%54%%!1
" !! J !1 99 !# O]!!#PF#!!4F#$!4N'O!4 ,!4 ;FS981#%%L#F5 ! ! !C% !! G!1 /H4!#4'F!!%%!%$G!1-H4!!L'!5!C%!!!'G!19H1!D%0
C#%#%$DF4!C5BL%B!!1
!!L%!#%!5%34!C%!'%5!%.1O!!%#!#!!C% F## C' % %
96 1!'4107197 1!'41:K:0198 !F%%DF$4
NO4 , F;!%#!!C%$111"#4@@4 Q>R 4%11J1)4!1OO4/88:411
. 115$4$%&11141-9@1)!4E"9 M4P$S/8884G99H1
:6
!!4!C!#!#!1!!!!L%/1
%!199!! J!#D'C5L4!!';!!!!5D # !4 !C ##LLB4 !C%!D%%F#G%1!199!1:H1$!! F!! !# % -8 !/8701-4%F#/87:1!%'5##1!#!%I%
!L!C4%!LB%F#1 15$ % !C!%C%!#!#9 1!5B4''/0%!C! 4C'%5#D%CM1
3. Lata 19861997 (1999)
!/87:K/886%!C#%%54%!%1#DC;5F#4B4%%!C!!5 I %# 4 L %%!199!! J!#!%!!166!!!-%M/8861045!%#;4#%'I!45!%I! C %!%C5C#%1
/ DD;!4'!!
%I!!C94CL$!C(4##D!#!5D%!!!L%G%1$1J149=!2K)H4g !2S4Y1/:41-42-..941--9131$!4ML442 F KC94g2;F!JS/886419:4/781H1
- "11--4%18719 15$4/ &$%&9
:;PA4Q>R$%&3JD94%1E1 (1254-../41-61
$!!!1A1$41!141K010 !!!/6%M/88-1!
%D#! !!G"1174%1-:1H1
:7
!199!!/80-4F#!#5LI4!1#LB!!5!!C!!5C%I!1##'I%4F#
B!!!G%1!19.!1/!F/870H1D!#'LM5%F#4C'%%I5!:1!199!1-%!D%!%' 4 ' L ! !!%#%!%$1!%!#I!!!19.!1-9!F/870%5# ! L #%! %!4 !C%!%%%5!%%F#%##1,!!L5!#'1%'!!%5'#!L!!!C%'!1
F#!!# % -7/87:16,#C4!1-0!1/!F/8704!#>"#G%H4$!5#G%H4 ,71%5D4'!D!#%!#L!!81A#!!4#!%!!'#!1##!'%'%!%#%5!!#!D;F0.1
: 1J1)421FI4$%?;:;PA4/88:41/97 1@15$4$%&11141/:/1$F#LL#11%!5-:%M/87:G1!6=77H7!%/88G1!/=8H1
6 $1!/=7:17 >1"#4"&*$%&B:;PS4Q>R
$%&341918 115$4!"11141:/4:6/K6-@J1)4
$%&64:A #T84Q>R$%&9311141.1
0. 21FIC'#!D%;#LF>G/HL! !C ! !! !C %! !4G-H;4G9H;!%!1121FI4 9&*$%&4Q>R$%&B&4166761
:8
%#!%!;F/87:/88614%%'L5%$CFG%1!199!1-!!/80-!1-98!1/!!/886H%#!;F!C/6%M/8881"$
!1-98!1/!C#B!!1(!%!5!!K!!'!C#L
1
3.1. Funkcja ochronna
F#!L!!5!!C!!5C%I!4!'L!C!!C%I!!0/1
I'!!BD%%%C4C#K4!C!%5M!L%!!1
EF#C%#> ! % G;1 %%!H%L#5!G;1%%!H1E!#%!%%D!%14!B!!4!F#4%D!%I!%4!#!!D!%1E%%!
#%%D%%5!D%!%>%L4!%4!%I!%4%5L4!!L%L%1
;C%5%!4%!#!4!C%# GM#%BH!%
%%'%5#1 %!%'4!C'B!
0/ &1 %4 ' ! ' %!FK !;1A#!!!%!11&14!"4A#!/8841/./1
6.
%I!L!!!5IL!C%!!!M!4' C' !% %# D ;1D%%D!C'%C##%D!F#!C%5#D!#%D5!L#DL$1
!199!1/!!/80-!1/%!/!F/8704F#L!!!1!5%'%!%!%5# D ; F1,!F%##$%!%%G!199!1-!!!16!F/870H1"%!%$!%!#0-4!!L%%%#!!%091!%!!!L!%!!5#LF%#!D!15!/87:K/877F##! !G%>/=7:4/=764/=77H0129.!%/877100
#!!#LB!199!1/%!0!10!//87-1%!!%5C0:!10%!04!17!1/4!1:6!1-!16.!1/-%!/!! J1$!#%/8784!F#I!LB!!!061!!!%I!#1
0- 11"#4@@11419-1$%LC%I!%!!5%%D!$#1,4!C#%%4!!C!!!LB4#%!!:DK!C$!!1"%%%#!%%!#111$!54!" %!&4Q>R!"- 4!1-4%121FI4/88641-901)!4!"9*11141/91
09 1#$N-/889G1!OO9=89H10 ,/%/87:G1!/=7:H4--!/876G1!/=76H
9.!%/877G1!/=77H100 $1!/=7710: "11.4%1-:64>/8740-4%1-:7@0-%1-6.@/87:4/4%1/106 ,>9//878G1!-=77H4-:L/878G1!9=/878H4
-6L/878G1!-78H4%M/878G1!9=77H4//%M/878G1!=78H4-%M/878G1!:=87H47!%/878G1!6=78H1
6/
N%'%!!#;!4'$D5!#!D!!%#'5M%#'%CM1#DC5'!!4!C$#!!L!4%#'CD4!#!4'!%!#071%%!F4$#%!B%#'%F!:D12'#45#%D!!M5# #L DL1 %'4 ' FL!##!!C!%4#D%%D#I5DL1A##!IF4'!#%!%D#I%#D!1%'L!5DBF##4%#7 %% ! ! %1!L!%##%!;D51
$!#%!!!/6%M/88-1!%D#!5 !!1O!!
%'#C !%D%I!!%##!199!1-!5!/80-!16!F/8701-.%M/8891F###D!%!084!C!#4'!L%5!%' %%C4 '$ %!B%#'F:D12'!#%!!4#%#5!#"!5F!!1!L!%!5%%C!!%#%'!%!!!!G!;!H%%4$%#IG!1%%CHM5
07 $!!!%!>F1"4/,$%&9* 4P$S/8804/@$14% 3 $%&4PI!5S/87:41//@!'4F"34P)!S4/876401
08 $1!:=891
6-
!!16!1!F/8701!!'%C!#!#D%!1
!#!%!#;F1!4!CF#!5#LB!!4 !#%%4$%!# ! :D %#' %1!%%#!!$!#%F4!!!#!%:.1F'#D !%%%C!%!!4%D!
%5!!%I!%!%!5L!1
,D%!#%%$5!1N%!!16!19!F/870!1-98!!/886 G!178!1/!F/886H/6%M/8881$C#BGPBSK%D!!/886HF!LB!!!1%%!!/886!#!CFL!!!%L'1#D!%DL-=9#C%L%#!5%#C1O!DLB%!#!51,C$/6%M/8881#8I:/1
:. 1J1)421FI44107@1$1!4F&$?O T:;;@4P$S/884/41-/71
:/ A#!>%M/878G1!9=77H4-8/88G1! /9=89H4 /. ! /880 G1 ! /:=89H4 /0 /880 G1 ! /=80H48!/88:G1!/7=80H4-.!%/88:G1!-6=80H>/6/886G1!--=8:H4/887G1!97=86H/0L/887G1!/.=87H1$!!!%!>1A4($%&9 !4Q>R$%&341/91N5''B4'31!%#!!%I'#4'!%D;C!!5>P2'!#'#B!D!!%!4%%4!!%!4
%%
!!SG314E96EH4 "/8-74!1ZJ]4-41--14!1>1)!4!"*11141--H1%I!%!5!%%D!I!!!L%12'!!!!!LB!M!!%4!%%%!!!5DL-=9#C#C'!!!L!4!!%'G%11)!4!"9*11141/0H1J!%!%%5!!LCD4%!;G%1!'41-H1
69
'%!%!!%C5# ;D F:-1&;! !%#!!%#4'!%5!!!#!F%!# ! ! %1 ! ! %
%#%!!4!C%#!5%L!!'#'!!!:91N!$N'%#!54'%%''!B!F:1 !%#%!5!%%%!5!!4!##;DFC5%!4%!1$%$
I!#!%I!%5>;!%I!4%L%45! %4 %!4 %L %5#4%:02!#% :: ! !!:61%$!IC5!%%!#%%4!C#!5%I!1,!%#%B5
:- 1$!#4'%'%!$!;!#5LF'#'B !#DCFG1$!4("%%,$*#"4P$S/8804417H1DLBC%!! %# %' !1!$ C' ! %5#1
:9 ,%LC#%I!!1# %D!4!C!C'1(!1/05!! -/!%/88/!4'!!!5 !!LB ! !' ' B DL-=9#C'G(11J4!"- .9/4FI-..-4 1 70H1N' 'B4 '%!%$#!%!!!C%I!G%114U4P %%!S/0/880H1
: 1#D$N-/889G1!OO9=89H1:0 $ I !# ! %I! %
G/9=894/:=894/=804/7=804-6=804--=8:4/.=87H@;!%I5!G/:=894/=804/7=804-6=804/.=87H@%L%G/=804--=8:H@5!%G/9=894/=804--=8:4/.=87H@%!G/.=87H@%L%#G/7=80H@%G--=8:H1
:: ,%M/878G1!9=77H1:6 /887G1!97=86H1
6
!%%4%#I!5:71
,%$F#C'!B%5!;!C!%%5!!!1,#!;D%5
!1N%!!DBF#'#B%!D%;%!5!!!1%'#$F%!;#C'!%L5!1F#%1%M/8781:84!C!5# % 1 DLB I !# LB!%%C%!6.1 #D;D%!%#!%5!1, !!DB%#4 '##'!C;!4!4!C5#%4L!%!C%4!5
#%1
!!!;5!%%#D!1!%4!C#%!%%%!4!
K%L'1!%!5!D !D%1 2' ! 6!/87816/!!!!D!!%'%1!!!/88-!5#!D%!D!1/7!191
L!1-6!1!!/80-G!1/7!1!1#!!H!%%%
!C#!%BF#!!!5L!!!1!!%5#%%!%!4!C5#!!D1$!L!#L'!!14!## ' !C
!%4#!!!%%4!C%!#!!1
:7 1$14 ,$%&4Q>R$%&B&11141-7/1
:8 $1!9=7816. ,F>-8/88G1!/9=89H4/.!/880G1!
/:=89H4/0/880G1!/=80H16/ 1!1/!1/%!6!6!/878 1 !!
%%!JG"11/84%1/./H1
60
'%!!%'#!# !%! F 0L /880 16-4 !C!!#4'!16!F/87069!IF#!LB!!!%%%%! 4!D%!!#'%!!1/7!1!1#5!! /88- 1 !!!L! !!%F#$
%!1F##!%!%%%!!1
!!/80-!F/870%#!5 I !LB ! M!!C!%!%I!1!!#!!D%#%P%!%F4%!5 %!D !$% !%!!S61N'B4'DLB5!DBF'#!%I12'4%!#L!!!!!L!!#!!%1
!17!F/870!5LB!!!!%!F%5##4!C#DD!!D1!! # ! MC#%M #LDLD!!9D%5#'G!18!1/!F/870H12'!#4%!!%!#45
6- $1!/=80169 (!16>P/1 ,!LB!!!!5
%F#!!%#$4'!5%#!K!'!1
-1 ,4!C!1/4$%!%CM'5LD%!%%F#!!1
91 2'$4%5D!!MDL#L1%!D5!!!$F#!!54 % D! ' B % %! %!D% %F#1
1 #$%F#%DL-=9#C4L%#C%#CS1
6 J1)421FI411141-1
6:
#FG!1/.!1/9!F/870H1%!%%!#!L601N'!5
%L!5!C!!M!!%#D;1O
!!#5D!%
4!C#M#%L!1
N%!!1/.!1-!F/8704F#C#B#LDL!5!%!4'!#C%12#'#$!#4!!%!5F#D%L;D!%6:1D!%#4'M!%5!!M!%%#B!51%!%#%!%
%!!%1O#K#;DIF%!1"D!5!%#4!!%#C%'!%4%#1%!F# # ! C !C!%1!/0=7766:=8-671!!5!C#%!%G%H4!5C!G%/0=77HC!G%:=8-H1
!F/870%#!!D4!C!!##B;DF4%!#!!1N%!!19.!1-9!4 M 5!C! !LB!!!!!!5!C#!%B%5%!%%F#%##681O!!5
60 N%1/!/8899./88F#I!LB!C%!1,4!C#!!5!!4#DC#'%!18!1/!5F/87014!!!!%%!#B!1/.!1/11L4&*$& 42'!4P$!!#S4!1O4/88041-81
6: $141!141-78166 ,F6/878167 ,F/8/88-168 '!!D%!D !!!LI
F11&14*"4/88641/.K/.0@A1$41!141771
66
!#;%#B!IF4L#4'!%C!!I!1%%!5%!##'!%G!5# !CH>0=7:G0!%/87:%5!# ! -7 /78: % /=7:H4 6=77G!8/878%6=76H -=8-G!/6/88/%-=8/H1F%0=7:!!#%4!C5%!#%%!4%!#!!#%!D%!;D G6=77H %5LG-=8-H125!D%!%%!%#!C!!D%#%!;51! !!%%!5%%%##F##'!#5!;1
!!%L!5
%#!!%!C5%!D%%!7.1%!5#L F## D 'B LB !;LBC%!!%4'#D !L1L!%' !!;#%!F5%!D%G!1--!1-!F/870H7/1F#!#%'%/94!!/876K/877K//4/88/1K//881K/7-1%#!#!794%#;D C %!4 %!1
7. 121C4!>& $%9&4PI!S/87841-4181
7/ %I!%!!%%D!4F#!!!%D%!D%D!!!G%11)!4!"*11141/::H1
7- A#!%!>:=764=7649=764:=7749=7740=764=7740=7748=774-.=774/=781/88/1D!!#%!D%G%10=8/H/88C'G%518=8H1
79 A#!>6L/877G1!9=77H4-.L/877G1!:=77H4/8%M/877G1!=77H40!/878G1!-.=77H4/-!/878G1!8=77H48/878G1/=78H4-L/88/G1!0=8/H1
67
%!#%!!#%!D%;!M%%C!%!!G%1!1!1-!F/870H71!%%F##I4';!#4'5! #L 4 #D%!D%! ! !#%%4 !C#
D'MC#%1
$!#!%5!C%!%F4!1%!5F4!C#'/!/8771N!1-:!/0%/8761 ,!70%%%F#%5!#L#D'!L%5
%!D%I%F#12#LB
#%L%#!I4'!5# !% #LB !!1 #D !'%L ;1!D% !!%!C%!5
C %#4 ' !!%!# 5B!D1A#!C';!%!!!L%!%!L#IF#1/88F!#%'%!1
O!!# ; # %5
1#LLBFL%!#!C%CD51!!4!%%!199!!/80-14!C!L#D!%D1
%!#LF#4'%#5LL ! D C'# 15%D!!!L!#$#%!%5!L%!4!C!#D!5!;7:1!!##'5
7 1%!F>-.!/877G1!:=76H4-/877G1! =76H4 /6 % /877 G1 ! 9=76H4 // %M /877 G1 !0=76H49//877G1!0=77H12!!#%8=84!CF#1
70 "11-/4%1--917: 1(1$
!4/&**+$%&4PNS/87:4-4
1-/K--1
68
LB ! !!L L ! !C %F#C#B!I1#!%%C%!;!5!%4%1F
5!##;DFC%!4 %!1, ! %# %!!'#!D!1
!%'I!!%#!%!%%C!!!F4%#5%!!1!6!5 /878 14 !D% !1# !! ##%$1!#B'%I5!K%!#!!D!C%##1!%I!%%5L !# D ' # !1#'5LB!%$%!#%544'%!4%!C# % ' # # % ! !5!L1 F# !# !4 ' ! #B!761!%CF#%!!!!%$1
D# D1#!%!9.!%/88177F##D#L5L!!!'D5!;DD1!!!D4!5!C# B4 !;D ! !%%!%!D1!%C%L#%L!D5!D1
!F#C'!%51!1-%%CD%!D%%F#4!C#!%!%!!4'!!!
76 1%1>/8/88-G1!:=8-H4/6!%/88-G1!/=8-H-:!/889G1!/.=8-H1$!!!%!131)421$4*&!4Q>R 911141001
77 $1!/.=81
7.
%#D#0!781A#!#;4
%%##%!!4!C5#%0!1 !%#!!!C%8.1" !%F##!196!F1CK!#4''B%!D% !!%4 !C!#!%L'!-:/87-1!!1PF!!!!5L%!DF!%a!b#%%%I!!#11#!!!/87/1%!FS8/1'#D;1N%#5'LD%!D%!4!K!!%%%1' %!;# ;4 !C#!%!
!%##D!5
!1
ED %! !! %C#!LB%%!1!1-!F/8701$!#4'!!!!%5%F%#%!D%%!!1#4'%!!B%5!4%!!'4!5F# % ' !14!!%#%!%!5!!I%!D%!!!%1D %!D% % !! #%!#4!C!#D5 % # M # !%%1F#!!%!#%!D%8-1
78 !!'L#C!5!L!%MC#'314!C'#4'%'B'!%!9K0!!5G>3141!141-6K-7H1FD%L!L%1
8. ,!1-!#!C4!
#D%!I%1 C'!%%#%!50!#'!!LG%1%19!5%/88-41!/-=8-H1
8/ 1"#4@@11141-018- F#!/87:K/886#%!D%#7.%
;!M!!D%!!1
7/
! % %!D% #D! % F#!#89 1F!#;5D1F#4#!!!4%#D'L#4%#5!%CC%%1"!!#%'!4%5# !! ! !%#D1O!#%!!1
! ! % %D '#!!!LB!!1F!#!B%!D;54%!IC%!%%1!4%!D%%F5
#D;%%!#%!!1$!!C#D!%5/%/88/1>P%!D%%F#!!!!!%5%%!!!'%B!!%!#;!4'%!!!%K'K'C'%B!L%!C%5#!DB%#!!%4!C5!#%
%%!4!!!1%%%!D%5%F#!!'L!5!1-7!F!!S8 1
, ! ! # %%4 !#F/L/88180 #%DP!!S1F#C!#4 '%%BC!!%4'%%%'B!!C;!4!C#%M5
89 A#!11%1!>=76G%!-/877H4:=76G%!-.!/877H49=76G%!/6%/877H40=76G%!//%M/877H4/=77G%!//878H4-.=77G%!-/878H48=77G%!/0/878H4/=78G%!5-.L/878H1
8 $1!/=8.180 $1!0=81
7-
1"% !LB
%L%%5B%!4%%!#5!4''BC!1N!F##!!L%5%C4'!#4'D#B!!5;!C4!C#%1
4/881!!!!5#%!D%%%M5!%%12'#4''B!4!# %!D% #! !D8:1,!'#!%5%C!;!C4!C!#4%!#D!'#;D!C!%%!!!!!19/!F/8701
%F#%LL%%%!!!!%#!%5%!! !%%4 !'!C!%%!8612'!5#!!!4'!D!5 %! ! %!# B1N!#D!!4'!!5%!#D7'1#%%5!%!D%G!5M'LH1(!19/!F/8704;%!%!D%4!'M5! ; !D4 # !'5LB%%!C%5!%!!
871E#!%%'#'!5DB%!!!4!!C5F#LB!'D8812;5
%#%!D%#!!LBM
8: 1#D-:L/880G1!=80H1##CD4'F##!19/!1/!F/8701
86 #F//880G1!/8=8H187 ' !#! L !%L IF
G%1%115$4$%&E11141/:9@J1)421FI54$%?;:;PA45/88:1>1/H1
88 1J1)421FI4$%&41/01
79
!%#'%51!F%#'LB%%'5%!D%%G0!H4!'4!G9!H1!D#%!D%54!C!'I'L%!D%LB'GH/..1
! ! '#!DB1!%C#'B%!C%!%5%D%%1%4LC!4%!!19/!F/8704#;D%!1%!'5# !;D ! !C %%!#%!!!!%1
!!/80-!F/870#D%L!1O#!%1!#!!'5 !%D%I%F5#!!!C4!C#%L#D!1!!%#'LB%!I%!!!L!!5!! !!!! !!4'%'#!D5 % ! D %!D% !4 4%%%!D%!G!1//!F/870H1'LBD%!5%%#4'!#%!D%LB!!!L
% ! %!%/./ # !
'LB%L %; ! % F1D !!!'#!!4#D!4!%1$!5L!!#%#!D%!D%4C#%#'BD!!%1
O%!!#'LB!5 %! % 4 '# !
/.. 115$4$%&E11141/:01/./ 11I4 "# $%&9
4P$!!#S4!1]OO>!"2%9 4/88641:-1
7
%%! !1!%# 5%!'!!!1N#!!1/8!1-9/.-4!C#%!D%D!C!L%I!%I!4#!$4$!4!4 !C!!,1"!!%!I%#DC'%D!!D%!D%%F#
!!!#!!!!!4!C!1-!/.91#5I!'#;!5D%!C%!1
%!%!I% #'#!51!1-0!F%5D%!%##$N4N$(4!'#$N4N$(4C45 ! ! %I! 5#/.1,!%5# B %! %% %!!%%1!%%LF#%#!##!5C%/.01F!!%C#D!!%%C%C5
/.- 2! % ! G"11 /88/4/.84%16.H1!-%/88/1! ,!!K%!D%4$N'F5!!G"11794%196/H%%!!#L!1
/.9 $ ! !! %!> J1)4$%& "#* 4PI!S/87:41-419-991
/. N'CBD4'%!%D%!%#K%##!$N4N$(4I!(!')%
!!%I!1!-./87815!K ! C%4 $N'4 N
$(!4F!!4!C5!G"11694%19:H%%!C#$N'4N$(! C 51!/-%M/881$,#
G"11/--4%1089H%!C%5#1
/.0 1J1)4 3 $%&94 Q>R$%& B&4 1 /861 1 C'(1!4 $%&4Q>R 11141/.:1
70
!4';!!LB'###L4!C#DCB!D%!C!!#4B1!C%5%!I%%LL#D!!!#;!LBLC%L!1
(%!4'!C%%!!%#F%!!!LB!!%5!D !D1F #%% C#1N!!%!4!C!D%#!5
4#!/.:1%'!#D!5B!%L%!C%51
C %%F#C# B!!!# G!1/.!1-!F/870H1%5#!!!1'5 ! %# %#'B D !!
!!%!!D%1(!!%D;#4' L C# B !1'# ! !%%!'%#'5LB%ML!1!!!5#B%%!!C%4%!;!1%#L!;#!!5! F1 %! !! ! !# ! ! /.61%1!/0=77!!%##D#LB4#LBD!!%!D%5L%LB!!!5!%!!1N!!%:=8-4'!%%C # %B !C%!IC!4CL5C1
O!!!!%!#%
L!CIF
/.: $!!!>(1!4 11141/.7///1/.6 A#%1!/0=77G6/878H:=8-G5
/8/88-H1
7:
!D%%!C1!!LB!1/.!1-!F/870!%!!I1A%!!!!!#!D ! '#
!%!DB%5L1
C!4!CL%!#%!IF4'!B4'%!5#L!%D%5!1E%%!5#!%!#1#!!4'!!D%F#%%!#!C%!!1"%!4CL%!#!D5!%I!%4 D# D%!!C4'!BD!!%!!1"!%D%5!' # C'! ,!%'%!!!L L%/.71"' !LB # !! D!#!D;%%!/.81
DLBI!!!!5#CL%G!1:6!1-!!/80-H%L%#//.1N!C##5
/.7 1 !1 -: ! /0 % /876 1 ,!!%I/!/8771
/.8 #!/889K/88 ,!#%!4!C#'#DCF!!LML!%11L4 %"&*9$%&::;;@@O:;;N4P$!!#S4!1O4/88041981
//. 1%1>8/877G1!6=76H4///88.G1!8=8.H4/6/88/G1!-=8/H49.!/88/G1!//=8.H4-7/88/G1!/=8/H4-L/88/G1!0=8/H46!/88-G1!7=8/H4//!/88-G1!/=8/H4-0!/88-G1!9=8/H4///88-G1!8=8/H48/88-G1!/-=8/H49!%/88-G1!/-=8-H4/:!/889G1!/9=8-H4-9!/889G1!/.=8-H4:!/889G1!6=8-H4-8L/889G1!/6=8-H4/.%M/889G1! /=8-H4 /0 ! /88 G1 ! /0=89H4 // ! /88 G1 ! /.=89H4/-/88G1!H9=84-./88G1!7=8H4-/!%/880G1!/-=80H4/:/88:G1!/=8:H46!/886G1!6=8:H4/7!/886G1!/:=8:H47!/886G1!/=8:H4-9L/886G1!-0=8:H4-8L/886G1!/0=86H1
76
L4 %! ! ; 5!///1F##C'I4!C#L%%!G!17!!/80-H//-4%54!I!G!168!!/80-H//94%L%#%%4G!1/476!1/!!/80-H//4%L
G!176!1-!!/80-H//04%#5'IG!17:!1-!!/80-H//:4%5G!16.!!/80-H//64LG!17.!!/80-H//71
3.2. Funkcja sygnalizacyjna (inspiracyjna)
EF#!!/87:/886 1# !! 1C #%C4'D;//81!# %!#!!C! %#5!DBF#1%!;#L5%!!#'1"%%!F%!5;!%#1
, ; #'# %#B ;D 12 ' ! %C # !L #L$12'P!!L#
/// 1>9//878G1!-=77H4%M/878G1!9=77H4/8/88.G1!-=8.H4-7/88/G1!/=8/H4/:/880G1!/-=89H1
//- 1/-!/88/G1!:=8.H-/!%/880G1!/-=80H1
//9 1///88.G1!8=8.H-7/886G1!-:=8:H1// (!1/4%%%
%11>6!/88-G1!7=8/H4-.%M/88-G1/=8-H4-/886 G1!-/=8:H1$ ! !!>$14'&*3 "$%&4Q>R9 11141/91
//0 1-.%M/88-G1!/=8-H-/886G1!-/=8:H1
//: 1-.%M/88-G1!/=8-H1//6 1//!/88-G1!/=8/H4///88-G1!/-=8-H
/6%/88:G1!7=8:H1//7 19.!/88/G1!//=8.H1//8 O>21 %4$%&4PN5
S/8784/4191
77
D!%##4!C!!CC!S/-.1F##
5C4#'L'LCM#DL%!15#I%D! ! ; # % MC%I!D4!C#%!!%M#%5!1!!#IF%D!5;#%#L!5%;!!%M1
!;#D!4'%'%F# #I L 5%#C4!C#!%D#I5%1DLB%%C!5!%!!;!!1 44!1%%5%#I5!;!D%%%1O#K;!#%!#F4!C##!C%%!%!%!5C!%C%%51$! !' ; ! !#D ;!5!L1%!#I%!#LC#%!!!%%!4!!C%D!%#I%1$!!!D%#7C;%!#5#D%4!C'LB;;D;G%;DH1
%!! ; #!1:!F/870%!!%!# $ !%!M%4!CD#D%%CL!%1!%!5%#;D#4##I%5!C#L C%I! DL!;!!%1%!!%!#%!F5#'#4;%5
/-. J1)421FI41!1410/1
78
#'%;D!1$!!5# ! % %4
GCL%#M%H4%CL%%5C%4D!4!L%%C4
#/-/1
%#5C!!C!#%!F/--1L!'L!!5!L!4!C#'%-:/87-1!C%%%#0!G%1!1-96!F/870H#C'L!%#%D#I%!C%!%4!C
#B4!%B%F#!5%%1
$!%#!1:!F#!1-1%5#CI!#4' 'D%!D%%F#'#B %%#0 ! #!%%!4!C!!#C5%!4!C#C!1,%5%!1:!#D%#L4!%%5!%#!1-F##%B%C!%%%BD%5!D%#L4!C#15!!LML!%5 ## ;D F CL# ;1
/-/ N%CL!#%!I>/7!/878G1!$/=78H47!/878G1!$-=78H4/-!/878G1!$:=78H4/9!/88/G1!$/=8/H4-0L/88/ G1!$:=8/H4/9/88 G1!$/=8H@!CK%!>/7!/878G1!$/=78H4/0/878G1!$=78H4-.!/889G1!$/=89H@%K%!>//878G1!$9=78H4--!%/878G1!$6=78H4//88.G1!$/=8.H4-!/88/G1!$9=8/H4/0/88-G1!$-=8-H4 /0/889 G1!$-=89H4 /9 /88 G1$/=8H4-8/88G1!$-=8H4-7/886G1!$/=86H@K%!50!/878G1!$0=78H4-!/88/G1!$=8/H4-!/88/ G1 ! $ 0=8/H4 /9 /88 G1 ! $ /=8H@ !L %%CK%!--!%/878G1!$6=78H@
#K%! //L /88. G1 ! $ -=8.H@ L %!# ! K%!/9!/88/G1!$-=8/H1N!5IF4!C%!!#M%1
/-- $!!!21 %4111411
8.
,F!L!!!%!5;#LF#C'%#51!#!4'##'!!C%/-91!16!!!%5#!$4!C#%!5 !:D%#'12' %#!DF#4!#!!M# % !1ALB !#!4'$!#F1!
%#;D4';#5D%!#5# ' ! 1, $ '#F!!%%C1
$!#%%D#!%!5-.%M/889%#!16!1-!F/870/-1!!!#4''$%! L ! !! !:D%#'4!
%!#"!!%%1,F%%5C!!4!C%#!!D% %%1 #! ;F1!D%!!16!F!5
% ! ! G; %!H'#!G;%!H1#!';4!C%!##D;D%51,4!CL#!;554%%!#1N#%!5!CC!164'%#'!%4!15D!!%%1#F-.%M/889
#D%%#%5IF%!!!16!1A!L$5
!%#'!!!5#D%%!C#ID!%D!1
/-9 O(1!4 $%&4A#!/88041/-./-61
/- $1!:=891
8/
%# ' !D ; ! L %!C%' D' !1 !D!#!L!F/870'%!#BD!%!!!C%51%%!%!C!%!#L F##C%! D'L%D!#D;1EG%H
#%1,L!%5!!%#4!C!# G!17!FH1, ! #%!%#'!DFBMB!G!18!1/!FH1$!#!%;4'5#%!%!!!%%5C1 2' # M # !4 F##!C%!%!19/!#C!%!1
%%D%L!9D%5#'#L!%!#1,4!C%!#!!%##;D4!#D!!!!!!5#!
1,L5!C%'!%'#4!5G%CMH4!D'L1$!4'%4#;DF!#;5D;;DK;D%1
E#C'%%#$$!; !!%5
#LFG!19!FH1'%!%#%!!!5CIF4'%C!!%##!D;D45#;%!%54 %# D #L F1 F !'!!%!5!#DC'!4F#D%#C#B!!L!!1
%#%!;!!%!5#!199!F1%F5
##CDC4!C5#LBF#%
!1"#CB%%
8-
!44N'5O!4!$%L4$N4N$(!)1!FC#CBD5!4#$4#$! !CD # CM %!1'# ! ! %! ;#LF1
N!D%!!%!D%5!!#!4'4!C#;!%4#M#1!1-:!F5%C#!B%!#%4!C#!5D!4 %!1 # !%CD!!!%L!%5%C#B;1%%!!
%%!%!!F##%!D%%G!1!1-!5F/870HL'!!/886#D!#8.1!D%!D%F#!#5# %D#I%!C%#L%5
!1D;!!!!#'L4#D%;!%!D%!D%#!1
;'
MBC'5I1F#!'I!5!D#L!%54!#%!%1
#!!'%!4#!!12%#'B--!/8764!CF#!%/-01
I'!;4'!5B4'%#!!5%#!%!5!!L%1F##4B
/-0 $1!1/=761F#C#CD4'!19!19%!/!//87-1%%#C#C%#'D4%!%DPS@%!5!%#L!CLI1"5!%!#%L%D!1!!7%M/87-1C#1F!#'L%D!% !C-.!/87614!%"11!;!!!C1
89
%D;L!!4B!1"'!LC'5# ! %L C ;! #%CC!%4!'%!5
%!%F;1!5!!;!4'%##D%%D!!#4!!L%!I5#!#!#%%5D!L1
3.3. Funkcja dynamizacyjna
E%!%%#1!D#LB!!%D5%%!%I!1,F# !!4!C%# !#!D'%#4CL!%I!%%L1P !!!!!%!!L!Q111R4%5!!I!Q111R4!C#5D%!!!S/-:1E!4%54'B!';'%!%;!4!C%!;5L!L1
"#LBF;D#C%!7.1%!!8.1ZZ1CF#4%4##C!
!%!12!!D
!#!%%%!51%CM#LF#!#D%!!!D!%#%1$!!'%C#L%5!#;!F1
(!!C!%!%%C!#
!!%'#!%L!#%!!!%%5C!/80-2!F#%!L5 4 !! ! ! %%1
/-: 1$;4/ , 4-..641791
8
!!#D%!#!!%I!%4%!5-8/8781/-6"!G!/87:K/878H !# #4 !C %CM !#
!!!4%1%L;!4%L%#4CL4%!4 ! %1! ;# #11!1940474/84:6!!/80-/-71/88.4F5##!#!!#D5!%I!%G!1/!!/80-H1N'!C'B%!>%L4%##4#LD4%4;!%I!4%!4#%!4%L%#/-81
/-6 "11604%11/-7 1%1F>-7/87:G1!/=7:H46/878G1
!/0=77H4%M/878G1!9=77H40!%/87:G1!0=7:H49.!%/878G1!/=77H1
/-8 !%I!%!#>-%/88.G1!10=8.H4--%/88. G1!6=8.H4/9L/88. G1!=8.H4///88.G1!8=8.H46!/88-G1!7=8/H4-8!/88-G1!/0=8/H4//!/88-G1!/=8/H4-0!/88-G1!9=8/H4-9/88-G1!:=8/H4-.%/88-G1!=8-H49!%/88-G1!/-=8-H4/6!%/88-G1!/=8-H4-:!/889G1!/.=8-H4-9!/889G1!/.=8-H4-/889G1!8=8-H4:!/889G1! 6=8-H4 -. ! /889 G1 ! :=8-H4 / /889 G1 ! -=8-H4--/889G1!/=89H4/9%/889G1!6=8-H4-8L/889G1!/6=8-H4/-%M/889G1!=89H49.!%/889G1!/7=8-H46/889G1!6=89H4//889G1!7=89H4-8/88G1! /9=89H4 /- ! /88 G1 ! :=89H4 - /88 G1 ! /=8H4-7/88G1!:=89H4/7%M/88G1!-=8H4/-/88G1!9=8H4//880G1!/9=8H4/0/880G1!/=80H4-6/880G1!=8H4//L/880G1!/=80H4%M/880G1!7=80H4/6%M/880G1!/.=80H4-%M/880G1!/=80H4-.!%/880G1!-9=80H4-/!%/880G1!/-=80H4--!%/880G1!/8=80H4--!%/880G1!/8=80H4-7/880G1!-7=80H4/0%/88:G1!9=8:H4-9L/886G1!-0=8:H47L/88:G1!7=80H4-9%M/88:G1!/=8:H4-.!%/88:G1!-6=80H49/88:G1!-0=80H46!/886G1!6=8:H4-/!/886G1!/7=8:H4/9/886G1!-.=8:H4-7/886G1!-:=8:H4/6/886G1!0=8:H4-/886G1!-/=8:H4--L/886G1!-0=86H1
%##!#>/8/88-G1!:=8-H48!%/889G1!//=89H4-/!%/88G1!:=8H4--!%/880G1 !/8=80H1 $ ! !!%!1$4' && 4Q>R 911141/661
80
"#LBF#C'!!D!#!5D!%12'!/80-5#!%!4!%#%1!%D# D LB ! P ! MC#%S1$!!I%C#%B!!!#!B!4'#!'D%MC#%%1,5F#D ; !% !L1 2 # D ;
%!!!!MC#%54%#%!%!C%D%C5%I!4!!C!4!K!# !#K%/9.1$!!!!#!5%4CL>#L!5%L!4%!!4%I%!!54/9/1!D%!#!5%!#!1/!!/80-1
%L !# > - % /88. G1 ! 0=8.H4--%/88.G1!6=8.H4-%M/880G1!/=80H4-9%M5/88:G1!/=8:H1
#LD!#8!%/889G1!//=89H1
!#6!/88-G1!7=8/H1;!%I!!#>9.!%/877G1
!/=77H47/88.G1!/=8.H4--%/88.G1!6=8.H1%!!#>9.!%/877G1!
/=77H4-0!/88/G1!9=8/H4/./88-G1!6=8/H4-.%/88-G1!=8-H1
#%!!#>9.!%/877G1!/=77H47!%/878G1!6=78H4%M/878G1!9=77H4-%/88.G1!0=8.H4--%/88.G1!6=8.H4/88.G1!/-=8.H4///88.G1!8=8.H1
%L%#!#>7/88.G1!/=8.H4/88.G1!/-=8.H4//!/88/G1!/=8/H4:/88-G1!6=8-H1
/9. 121 %4'$%& 4 Q>R*9"11141/0.1
/9/ #L!%L!5!#>-7/87:G1!/=7:H40!%/87:G1!0=7:H4-.%M/87:G1!-=7:H40!%/87:G1!0=87H46L/877G1!9=77H4/8%M/877G1!=77H4/8/88-G1!:=8-H1
8:
,!F!MC#%%#DL5!! ! !D1 L! !!4!K%C5!4#'%#LI!5
%!%C1 !5
%%%#!L!%!%!1F#!#DD'LB;!BL!%%12!!5#!!N5#%!D%DI%D!5!!1
%CMG!1%!!!/88-H ; ! ;G%H1!#C'5;FDL'I5%1,F#%%D!%5
4 ' % 4 #LB % D % % L%1
3.4. Funkcja stabilizacyjna
$!!#!!D%!#!D!!4!!'!L !C%I!%1 ! %C%% %##!L4LL!45D!%I!% %# %%!%!!!%1%
%!!#/8/88-G1!:=8-H1
%I%!!!#>-7/87:G1!/=7:H40!%/87:G1!0=7:H4-.5L/877G1!:=77H@-.%M/87:G1!-=7:H4-!/889G1!=8-H1
!#:/87:G1!9=7:H--!/878G1!/8=77H1
!'!DF#!!#!%5%!1$!!!%!>21 %4'$%&1114 1 /0.K/09@1 $4' &&4 1 /8.@21C4!111418K/-@14:E4Q>R1"#4J1)41$41$414 4!1O4/880K/88:41/K-91
86
!%!%#!'#4!C#;%I!45 !# D DL # ! !! %/9-1"%#!!D!%!4!C
#G!%H!BD%I!%!5#%12!!!'5#!!L!!%!%#5I!%I!!1
!!#LF!;#%5 % %# %'5C#!!51A!C;%I!%!!'%#%!L/991 5;D4F#%##!!L5%D!%I!%4!!!;5D!4%#!%!%#%1"#LBF%#!5D!!%I!%1
ED!'#;5!4!LB!%!!1 5!D!#!!!!4#5# ' !C %4 CL %#%!%$4L#LC#'B%%!%!!18!1-!F/870"5!!L%!##D%LB1 !D%!5!!LB !C%!# %5%4#;!L!!L!!%#D!L4%L%45%I!%!;%I!%1,5;!%#%!; %%C4!C#B ! % ! %D %#L#I1;!%5! # CB ! %5%/91
/9- $!!!%!>21,4' , $%&4 P$! !#S4 !1 O4 /88041861
/99 114::;A?4101/9 O>14/&* , '"9
6 U8" $%&94P)!$S-../46K741/:1
87
';D#C'!1!#D !!1 ! ! C#C%LD;!4'!!!#%%5 !%!4 ' !%5
!#!LB1
3.5. Funkcja interpretacyjna
#%%L !L %%%4 5B D ! D % !!%%%C%4!C#'BC!/904%;!%!D!4;!C#L!%!F#!#%!#%I!1O#K;%5 !F# ! !4 !15%
#L%!!5#%!#4#%B!%!F1O!!!%#!5%F#!L%%C%1
N6!/8781/9:#!!% ! % # !1$C#!F!#!-0/8781%%! I!! J %I!/961 !%F##%#%!;/97##'B%%CL%L5!%1N'#'I!%!!!5#L#';!%!1
/90 11"#4@@11141-61/9: !6!/8781!! %%!
JG"11/84%1/./H1/96 1!1%!!G"1194%1/67H1!%5
!!%LD4'%!!%#!#!D%! I!I%!#!5! 1115$4(# % 9%""& $%&4Q>R 141/1@21,4%""&9 $%&4/8801
/97 11"#4$14'&**$%&944PI!S/87841//41:1
88
'!%!!!!#;#4!C!/88.K/886##70/981#!%5##LF4%!!LL!C!/.1&5%F###!%'!# %4!1!%//1##4'! !%%# %B!F4!C!#!L !/-1^%!
C#%#'BD%%!%!% !! #1 $%; ! #%# !4 '# ! %! ! %K # F#1# !%! % #"!4%%##F%!CL!1/9!F/870/91
N'I!CBD;!1!'%!B!4'!#%#!!%/1!DB#D4 !# ! ;!%
LD;!%4;!%1-74!%%%G!CH % ! L ;!/01
/98 /88.K:4/88/K/.4/88-K84/889K/-4/88K/74/880K/4/88:K//4/886K01
/. 1#D/7L/88.G1!=8.H-0!/88-G1!9=8/H1
// 1#F-6L/88G1!/.=89H4//!/880G1!//=8H7/880G1!/9=8H1
/- %C##DC!%%5#!%F#1%!#D%5%!G%1%1#D$N-:/88041!O/9=80H4'#1
/9 ! ;!4 ' ! %!C% #'!%##D''!%!C%!1!1/9!F4F#!#%#D!!4 !C4$N'4N$(!4 5,!4N'O!4!)1
/ 121,4%""&111418@1F4 %""& $%&94P$!!#S4!1O4/88041761
/0 1 21N4 1 F4/3 4 /8894 1 /60@(1 4$141I4' , 4/8841-0.@F1$!414/3 4/88841/981
/..
!C'D%D!!%!!5 % # ! ! ! #I1"#L%5%I C!C%4!!!D%!
#!%!!;%4!;!'D!4'!D#LD!!%%1
#!!%!%!%4%5!K%!G!CH45! K % 'I %%4 !!#4 !C L#F4 #% !! ;!C1!L!#4G!1MC#%5%H4'#!%!4L#!LB%%51 %! ! % # ! # ;#
!D %%%C %1 $% ! %5#%'
;B;!C%4LC!CD!!%51 %!4#!!%4!C!D5%%!%!%C4!!!L%%1!M#%!4!%#D'%%5!!%%!%!D!D1
!#%#B!G!199!!/80-!1/9!F/870H1F#5
#!%D%#4'#LLB!5
C'% !C!/:4! I!/64 !N/71" # !%!
# ! !# DL!!%!F#G%1!1-!FH1N!5
!%!'##B%%!!54CD%!!C%1$!!!#C'4'%'!%!%%!4'#!%B%#C!5%!
L%!%%D G!1H/81
/: 1#DF6/880G1!8=8H1/6 1!'1/7 1#/8L/88.G1!9=78H/:!/88:G1!
/0=80H1/8 1#D-:/88:G1!/-=80H1
/./
!%##D%%C%5#D!L'!%!4# ! 7 /0.1, !4 ' !DCC!4!C#%#!5%!F%!D%#!%!%5%4!#D!D%1#!5%!#4!#!'%!%!D%/0/1;D!!%4!C#%%%!%%#D#D4#%B
%%%! !5C%!DB12'M5
!!#%%%%D#!%F#G%#!%!DH4!#!'D%54!C%BD%OO!5 ! !D1N ! !#G!H%!D!M 1 ! # !%!
%L!!#;D%%5!1
#F!%#D%'!%#;D1%'F#%!D##L4
#L#'%C%!!%1##D!D%%!'5L'C'!%!C1#!!!%4'#4'L!!%!%%C%4K!D4'!#%LB!L%'LB%4%I!%%%#%## D %!D %%1! ! !;!4'70#!%!/!# ,!/0-1 !# !L%%C
!! %!%I 5
/0. 1#D6/880G1!8=8H1''B4'%'!F%!#!#4'C# ! ! ! D %1 F# # !#8/88-G1!/9=8/H1
/0/ 1#-0!%/88/G1!/=8/H6/880G1!8=8H1/0- N ,!/88.!:#4
/88/K6/.4/88-K84/889K9/-4/88K6/74/880K0/4/88:K///886K-01
/.-
C !1% 4 #C 4#F#'#!!L4 %! 5!%I!1F#!4!C!%'54%%#%I!%/091
#!%F##C5'%!1!;#%!!%!%%4#%!!%#L/0%#%B1!#!DCC!4#!#D %%C !! 1!##%L!5%!%1%%!C%#%%%4!C'##F4!%# %!B# ! %% !# 1!!#%!M%4M#!!1/9!F/001
#!%!F###5 !DB4 !C
MD!%#%!# %#D%1!!4;!%!#!;>!1C!%!G!!H45C %!# I1#%!%'! # !LB 4!!'!5'%;
#!%5!LB %#1 !%' !C4]OO%1
3.6. Funkcja kreacyjna
!#F%!!#'1$!!!!D5#4 '!%4' !%!1N!! ;!%#I4CL!!!LB
/09 21,4%""&11141-961/0 F#C#D!;!%!-%M/88/G1
!:=8-H1/00 D!%!F#%L#DD!!4
!C%!!!#!LB%%G%1#D6/88041!8=8H1
/.9
MLB4%# !%13!%!!!L%L#!#!1!%D/0:1
ND!%###!%!5 L !!1F#4 %#4 ;!%!B%%4#DD!#5B!1#!C4%!!5%4D#!%!D5 !! %1 !% %D!#!1!%#D#4'!#%%!L!!4!K!!%!C/061 C'!5!!%#5#B!%/071!#D! ! %C4 ' !#B # !%!4# DF#1C !!L##D%DB!4!C!#%5"!4!!%%#%%5!C L ; %DB/081 O
%#%!C#LF#!!!/:.1F!5#D%%##C!5!/:/1
! %!C ! #L F 5#'!1%%;!%!DLBI%C4!C##D/88645#!LB!CDL%1
/0: $!!!]OOO%1/06 11F4/& 4Q>R21N41F41!14181/07 1I4$ 4P &5
$S/889441:K61/08 11F4 %""& 41781/:. 1#D-/889G1!/6=8-H1/:/ 1 1 F4 %""& 4 1 8.@
$1#4/""&"4/86/@!'4!")94C/8:01
/.
Rozdzia III
Funkcja ochronna w aspekcieprzedmiotowym
!%!#!%5!1%D%1%!##5'4'%I!#%!D5%DD!4!!%%%D!5!!L4%% ! ! /1!L%'!!!;!45'D%!C!%4'%D!
#'I4!L44#!%!4!C%!!%#'#D%4!!1!4LLB4'%%I!!!%D%4%##F#!!#%4!C'5!G%%CH1%5!%#'#C';#5
!!L !4 !C F %# D !12#CL!!!%L!%%%5D'-44!#4!%!91
/ $ ! !!>(1 U%!44 -...4 1 /66 1@J14/3 4FI-../41//01@(1 4$1541I4' , 4/8841/6/K/6:4/8-K-.@$14% 4I/87-@1I4$154%# 4/8891
- ! DD'LB%!!'5C%L!!%F#$!%%!5%!%%%!!11A1A4=94P$S/8804-G/.H41/1
9 ,4!C#!!4!5%'%!%%CG%15CL!1/6/1H1
/.0
E%%!!%!%%!%%#M5%%%%%!1!!5%';4 !D%%4
%! > %L %#L1!!!L ! !D%!L#!%4K%%!!!4!L44!'%5%#L%%!C%%5%I!01
,!F!LB%CLB!5
%4!C!!4%D5!L!!:1!5 %! ;4 %!! !!%G!!!L!!H4 ! %% G D %C5L %LH D !L %!L!G;!H1
1. Wyroki negatoryjne o prostych skutkach
E%%!!%F5#%!!!!D%4!1%!C%!!C;!%5
1!!F#%L!C
D !!@ L ! !;D4!C!;#%'!@L%%C%%!%I!!!4!;D5!G%1!1/77%!/K9!!!1-!1/%!/K9!F/886H61
$!!1%!114F1$!4/3 94/88841705801
0 115$4!" #45-..941/:/@1!4$%& 94P$S-..84G89H41/661
: 11$4! !3$%&4Q>R3JJ9$%&4%114-..:41/:.1
6 ,%!#;!!D%!%%!5DL#1
/.:
L'!!/8861%!F#5# 1 ! L !
BD4!'%
%!71,%%!!C!!!C4';
81L'!!!%5!#%F#1(!5LD!D!54 ' D /.1 /886 % #!%LCD%%!!5L!'D!;D//1!%5D! !' !% ! L% F#' B !!LB !C!'!4!#G%1!196!1/!F/870H'!4#''0!G%1!1-!F/870H1,/6%M/8881$'BIFL!!!G%1!1-98!1/!!H4!!!!!!L!DBF#1N''B4'%!!!!#4'##;5F1%'#%D!F5# !!'#!#!4!C!!!#!D#L1
CF%!4% %%
!%4!%K'!4!5#!%!4/-1!
%#L!G%1!1/71-!5!H1N!''CB!!%5
7 %%!%I!&%_5%5%!CD%#!!5A# 1 $>1 J4 !" - .9/4FI-..-41/:81
8 !D%BC!;D5$'!!;D45D1
/. 1%!>/7=.G!#!1!!!I#D//-..0H0=.0G!#;%DP%!%5S!%C#%!4I#D/7-..6H1
// 1#DF9.!%/88G1!/.=8H1/- %I!#%!D!!C%5
%#$!!G%1!1/-0%!!! %5$#/L/88-H1
/.6
4 ' 4 ' ! %%' D/91!!!F%C'%F5#L!!C%C!%!C5/1ND4%!5%DDG%1!18/!19!!H1!C' %%'%%DLD%!F4!C!1 /77 %! /!!/01&% !#!# D4 !C % ! %DV 9%D!%I!#%%51
!1-!F/886!!!C5%!F#!!%D!4%!%1!!%5!LL
'D'D4!%!K!4%#%!!!4!%K!%%%!/:1LB!%!CL%'%!C%5!4!!!%1FL!%4!!'##LD4!C!#%4'##K"D5 P!S1
/9 115$4J1)421FI4$%94/88841-:11C'N$(/:!-..:G1!O,$=.0H--!-..:G1!OE$/.6=.0H1
/ !%!!%!!51F##4'!%!'!C5
!%%G!CH&%G%1F/:!%-.//41!$0=.8H1$!!!>14021 9 $%&4 P)I $! S -./4 !1 ZZZO4169/1
/0 11"#4;:4Q>R1"#4J1)41$41$421FI4 4/888K-..04171
/: $!!!%!>15$4$# 9*3N?$:;;R>#>4 ,3 " 4)F4%1F1"D5 5(124/88841-09115$4J1)21FI411141/971
/.7
!#DDLC'4'5DCB%!!4%!;CD % !/61N'4 %! !4 ! ! %
!!4'!!!D!#!!%4%#%%I5!1N
! % ' % G!1 7!!H! %!# ! ! B 1N %%C! %!#'!%#D%# # ! !;45%!C1"!5!%D#D%%!!45%C1
"%#D!!!D5!;%'!51N!%!!'1!5!;CD!#C''F#L5';!!1,!!%!%5!!!D!%#%!D!/71%%54!!'!I%4!D4!CB%5#!C!4%DD!
/6 15$4J1)21FI411141/61/7 1>/887G1!97=86H4/8/887G1!0=86H4
-//887G1!-.=86H4-0!/888G1!-9=87H4/-!-...G1!//=87H46-...G1!-:=87H4/9-...G1!/=88H4/.-...G1!-/=88H4-6-...G1!-.=88H49/!-../G1!=88H4/0!-..-G1!-9=./H48%-..-G1!=./H47%M-..-G1!9:=..H4/7!%-..-G1!96=./H4/6-..-G1!9=.-H4-7!-..9G1!-=.-H4/7!-..9G1!-=.-H4-:!-..9G1!9.=.-H4-:!-..9G1!/=./H4-:!-..9G1! /=./H4 -0 -..9 G1 ! /.=./H4 !% -..9 G1 ! /=.9H49-..9G1!0=.-H4-.!-..G1!0=.-H40-..G1!-=.9H49/!-..0G1!8=.H46-..0G1!7=.9H4/7-..0G1!/:=.H4/--..:G1!97=.0H4/7%-..:G1!0=.H4/7L-..:G1!-6=.0H4-:L-..:G1!/=.:H4-7L-..:G1!0=.H49!%-..:G1!9/=.:H4/9!-..6G1!:=.0H4-.!-..6G1!/=.:H4/--..6G1!90=.0H4//-..6G1! -=.6H4 /8 -..6 G1 ! 0-=.0H4 -/ % -..7 G1 ! 8=.:H4-/%M-..7G1!-=.7H4-9-..8G1!0=.6H4-%-..8G1!/=.6H4/7!%-./.G1!/8=.:H46-./.G1!//=.8H4/:-.//G1!90=.7H4:%-.//G1!/-=.8H1
/.8
!!; GHD/81D!%%!!C%D54!C !%I!%4;!18!!4 %%!%!5'%D44'!%I5!%!B%!1%!!L%%D!D1
!BC'!!%%C%%!%I!1F!%#5!!C!
%1%%%4!C!1/77%!9!!4'5
B'%%!%%!5'!4!!#4%4!'4!''!4!MC#%%54 !'D! -.4 ' !LB5!4!1!!!!%5-/1,!%!!!FD!5C!!%I!1C4'5LB!%!!!CL!1O#K%D!4'!%!%C!!L!!'!#%5!#'!1
N'CBD;!4'!5!--%'LB!!L!C%!5%!%1!!D5!D % !4 ' ' CB!%1%4'!%!5
/8 1)43 # 94Q>R3JJ911141991
-. $!!!MC#%D!>)1I5423%"" %$%&9P)I$!S-./4!1ZZZO416.01
-/ 1%1-//888G1!0=87H1-- 1 %1 $N -6 /806 G1 ! 9 6.-=0:H4 #D $N
/-%M/880G1!OOO(-.=80H4#D#DC$N-!-.// G1! O:=/.H!!1" GP$S-./-4941-991H4N$(7/88-G1!OOO$(-/=8-H4N$(-%M-...G1!]$(:/9=..H4N$(/:!-..:G1!O,$=.0H4N$(--!-..:G1!OE$/.6=.0H4F0!/887G1!-=86H1
//.
'%1%!MC#!!;5#4 ' D%!! !4 %4'D!%!G!1/67!!H1!!!!#%!LK7 41
A L %%C % ! %!F# ! %! F DLB;1!#DDL!5
%%!%#%L15!4!4!C!LB!%%5%'D4F4!C%L5 ! %! !! ! !!#%!!G%1!1/8.!191/H1,%;%C5!'L!%4!C#D5!!4!#!%%!%1'!D%#!!5%%'!4!!!4!5!-91
! !!!45!4!L1!L#'
#'I!1,FL!!!!DL%5D4%LGDH%%5CGH-1,!#G%5 %DH %% %%!B%'!C4!'#%4!!%1D%!GH!%!D!L-01N!F#'D!%5 %% %C %CL ! %%%!!!#
-9 !!!!%%!1/8.!194!C%C'5L'C!L!!%%C!!C!1
- 1%!!%!-/-...G1!=88H1-0 1 1 5$4! ,$%&
*4P$S/88:4941/81
///
4;%%%!B%!I5C!%1
%%!%!;!!!#!1!!1$!!'%%D!5 % ! !1 2' !!!L!%C'D%!5%%%%D1%4P%%5!%F!D%C%4!!!LB%%KDLB45!C%''!5%%12!D!4'#D!4'!%#L%!4!4''L %# L!!1 2! !D!!%!4!CC%!%!BS-:145! ! LB %% ! %%!'B!!C;!%54#'%%%%D4!;!!%1!45L!!4D!!!4%!!C!#%5 4 !! ! !D%4!%!D%!D%45!DG%1!1/8.!1!!H1
4%!!%D5!%%%D!!%%!
%DL!%%;4!C5D1
%%D%!C!5!!LB %I!%D51F##'!%-64'!%#!12'4!!L%%%!15
-: 11$;4'3%",4P %%!S-7!-..-1
-6 1 //-..0 G1/7=.H1$ ! !!%!>"1J55$!1"4 9$%&4P$S-..64/G67H4181
//-
%%D!!!LB' %%!D%L!!1 /8.!1 9 1 /!! %!!
!-71,5 !# %D!4%# !! 'LB %D-81!C!;%4'!!%I!%%%D##!C%5 ! % D B !4%LD!5%!D%1!;%%!D5##%I!%%#M!CD51
%!!%!C125!!!%%%D 1 #!C%%!18!!4!C!4' %%!%!'%D51N! %D% !!L!!!%D%%5; %!I1$!'L !D%!%# ! !1N ! C' !LB!1 -6I % !!!C9.1$!4'!D'%#BD%!%D!4!C'5!!D4%%!!!1
F#!!# !%5'!1$!#4'P%%G
H!!!D!!BM%;!%! %L %D L %% G!%C!!!H1!!%!5
-7 11E5!4,$%&4I-..:41/7QA!!!2IR@1)43 #419-@1!54 93* 4C-..941-8-@A1$4!"(* 4J-../41871
-8 1!541!141-8-19. I%!!!C%-9/8:8
G"11/88.464%198H1
//9
!! % %!%L4!C'L5!!!S9/1,!!%C5DD'#%45B4!%B!D4'B!D9-1
,!4!LB!!5D4 ! ! !D% %#;D%%!4!5
!!D!%!B4'D5
!!%#!;!CD51 D !%1,!DB;D%!4'4!C#5%%4D%45!%D#%B%!D5I1 F# % ! 4 !C #D4%D %M!L1!!D#;D5K!#%!%D#I%%D1
!%!!4%%!D%7!L5!%!%I!1"%!5!CD!%#L5D1;L%%C%!4!%4%!B!991'!%B%!%!C;54!B!L!!5 !% '4 !! 1F!%4!!D%5!%4%%!1$!!
LLB4'!C#B!!%!51/7-..-!#4 ' P
9/ 1//-..0G1!/7=.H/7-..6G1!$0=.0H1
9- N!!FC#D%#20L/880%!!N!!L!1/77!! GC# !!1/:8H11A!N/77=OO4 QRh11Y1%i1
99 11)!4!"* ,- .9/4-..941-/1
//
!!#%#DB5!D% CLLC %C % #' 1!%#!!;%I!!%I%S91!5F#%!#D!!!L%%C!/:/881
!!#!%!%D!I%D5C!C!904'#4'%#!%!%#D;!%I5!4 !' ! %I %1 $ !! !%!!#!D!4LLB4'!%%!%54!LB!!9:1%5'%!!!!#'B!14!!CF5%CM!D!!%%%'!%51F!%%D%D5#I ! ;;D1
%%DL!C5%CC!1$!D%!D%!L!!1)1A#5'4'P%!!574!!'!%B!%BS96 1!%%%F!LB%5%!%%!!!D!5
!%%!!K%%!!97 1
9 1/7-..-G1!9=./H190 "11/8804/4%1-19: 1%19/887G1!9=86H4!CF!#5
!!LB!16!1/4-!8/8861!5!C!G"117-4%10/7H#4 'D !%D%!D#I%4!CDD%!#1
96 )1A4!4F%U29%4 D444Q>R! 4%121FIA1A4#/8864104!1>15$4/ 3 *$%&4PI!S-...41-41--1
97 11"#4H *6 84Q>RH * 4%11!'45-..041971
//0
J% C'%! !4 F#%% ! 7 BC!D#%%CG7H981!!5#!!4!CDL!!5%%4C'%D5!!C!1F#!!%%4!C!D!4%!#DLB!%5!DL!%1!1:8!F
'BD#!!%C%%C1
#!%5!!L!%%1P%%%!5!F#!!5L!!!!4!7Q!!K1"1RS.1!%#!%54!;!%%!#5!;F1'B!!!!%%C!;!C4!C#%#51,!!5!L'B!4%#%4!CF#!#L%%!%L '!!1 2' ! # %!L!4!C5 ' !B ! L 'D%!!/1!C54F#!!!LB!%5L12%#'5B4!C%!D!D%D!D74!1-!!-1N5#%!%!!5LC4%91N5
98 1F-../G1!$/7=..H1. 1F8!/88:G1!/7=80H1/ 1%1-../G1!$/7=..H-9L-..9G1
!-.=.-H1- 1-8!/88-G1!/0=8-H/6/886
G1!--=8:H40!/887G1!-=86H9./888G1!0=87H19 11E5!4,111416/1
//:
!C%K!4!C!!!LB%5%!KD%#5
!!L!71 C'4!C5F!4 '%% D !4 '!%!%!C!%!!!04D%#5
!!L!%%!%! !1 F ' !B !%!4D'!B4'!!5%!G#%%HD!##%'!1
!'LB%%#!!5!4!C!;DC%!4%!1!D%!!5%!%%%5! !L1!!!#4 #%4!C!#!%%1N!D%!!7 '
%4'!!%4!!!!L%!!LI1) %LB % % % ! %%4 # ! %# F#!%4!%L!!%I!%4%L%4;5!%I!!%%L!!5!LIF1!!!D%!5#V> !%L!:1F'C'LB% %%C4!C5IF%$12'%!GH!%%D4!C'5%!%D#I4!CD%#!!C1!!4%'B%%4!C!5#!D%4!%F#1N5!!4!%D!B5!%%!!L
1F9/!-../G1!=88H10 1%1/-!-...G1!//=87H1: 11E5!4,11141/61
//6
%!!64!%!!%!%F1F % ' %%C!!4CL!1-464/./8.1
4 ' 'B4 ' ! %!
!!%4%%! %! I1, !4%%LB4%CLB%!LB!5
%4D;5%!1
!;!4'!!!#LF5#G%!HC!C#';!G4!%!54!%1H1$!!!%!!5%%D!#' ;!71
6 #F-/!-..G1!99=.0H#!1/6!1/%!9!-%M-..91%!!%5#%#G"11/884%1/89H4!C!#4'%D'%!4!D%!4%#%!C%5!4%!L'5L%!!1/-!1:1-/%-..1%!1:-%!9!-%-..1%%%!D#L%5G"11/694%1/7.7H%C#!LB!%%!j"%!1/%!-!//-..01!%!!%#%#!!#%5%1!#%7=884!CF/.%M5/887#11!18!-%/881G"11/.04%10.8H!1!/6-..15!%!C4!C!G"11-7/4%1-679H%#!1:!-/-../1%!C4
G"116/4%16991H4!C!!LB4%F!!!18!5
!1$!!!1!C5!!L>$125^4#*+ B9 4 P$S-./94/G//H4 1 /. 1(!%!C'%#C!!%%!%G1/K/:4-.H1
7 -..7F#-/C4!C#!%!!:C#';G!%!4DL454%H4-..8K/:%!99#'@-./.K8%!97#'@-.//K7%!-7#'@-./-K/%!9#'4-./9K/:%!9#'11L4 %"&*$%&?O:@4-./41//71
//7
2. Wyroki z klauzul odraczajc
!4'!F#'
##LD#!%781D!%%!%4!#%%%4'F%%!!
4!C%5#!!L12'!!!4'!!54' LB 0. !!! !!4%!!'%B/7D4!D4!!K/-DG%1!1/8.!19!!H1'%#%%%%%C!!!5%%!0/1'!%%5I!:5D4!C%%!%5%##%D!!L!
8 &1)&1UD!G/ *+3 9*4PI!S-..74041-6H#'4'%#D%D!%!L%%!L!IF'%B#4!C'!C';5#12%D!%%!!!D%4B!%!%%1
0. !D4''!!1/8.!19#PS4P%CMS!!!'!B!4'FL!L4!1%#4!C!4!G%11)&1UD!42&:;O "4PI!S-..91841/1E5!4,11141:8H1F5DB!%4%N4!C#D0L/880144'L!!!%%F'!B!%#LG%1A!N/77=OOH1!4'FLB!D!!!!I%#4'!1'#!%D!5
%!!!'L!%G)H1%%#%!D!I!!CIF!D'LGLH!C!GD%9H1$!!!%!>15$4/ 3 11141/011)!14!,* !" $%&3 4-..9QA!FR1%!%1)D&1UD!C'%!%!F4%!!!%#!1
0/ FF/8/887G1!0=86H-6!-..:G1!/=.0H1
//8
%%%%0-12'%D!!!!!C'1,!F#4!!%CM4!%CM'B!'!!!%!5!1%%!%:D!#!!4 !!!4 !D%#7 #!#!F12#LB#'F#4!L$4!CC#%B4#!!4MB4!#!4'##%1
O!! !! % %% %!#%'I%D!%!!5D09!'D4'%B!C!DML01
,D !! !!%% ! !4 ' %# ! !G!%%DH!%!5
!!%4'!C'B%!%5!DB!C;!4!C#5!!!!%%%001,
0- 1J1)4$%&"4P$S/8874 /4 1 /01N ' 'B4 ' %% ! %!!!LB!%!C'#%CMG%1!17K/.!F/870H1
09 1!1/.!10E!!!/%M/8-.1% #CN 0L /880 GA!N /77=OOHCL%#1CF(1(14!*+, $%&4Q>R3JJD9$%9&-4,$%&B& 4%111A#4-./.41:.1
0 1L4 %"&*$%& ?OOO4 1 -4 QR h1!1Y1%i@1)4&1UD!41!141/K/01
00 12L%!#%D!%!!1/8.!19!!1#4'!%5%!%!%1F'#!D!!!%5%1112L4!,$%& 9 %% *4Q>RL/ #&9 3C%4%C#4 4%121$!14C-../41-7-1
!$N'5
F%#'LB%!D%!! % %% % %D G%1$N 6 ! /8874 1 ! O N8.=87H1, !$N ! ! !
/-.
!4'%%%D#!;!C4!C!5#C'%%0:1P,#%54 % %# ! 4 !! %%C!45!Q111R1O!!Q111RDD;B5!S061!%!5'%!B!4'!1/8.!19!!'B%!!!!!'L4
!!!!L%LD!54 !C F%!LB071 !%%%LD!!!%%!54!!G!LH'D!%5 ! % % ! G;H !!!G!!H%%1
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
0: 11E5!4,416-K69106 1 %! :F 6 ! -.. G1 !/=.9H
%!01-6!-..:G1!/=.0H107 11!41"41)#4F1L4,1J!41#4( 9
%%" #=:;O94P$S-..640G7-H41-6-1
/-/
4%L5!!1,!#5!4%!;5 1 F # ;D %%!4 D%L4!C!';!MC#%5
!%I!%K%CLB1,!!%! %!%L%%!!1
!! ! F ! ' I%!!!!!4%5!''%#!!%1$!!%#!'%#D!%!!%!1F#4 !!LB L %%4 ''4!!%CM1FLB!1/8.!19!!M4'%!B5 %! %%4 # D#;%!'!1F!%!D%!%!L!1/8.!19GC!1/6.H!!N51%!!%%#!!LIF4!C#D%'#;1!!4'!%I!%%!4!!45! %' ' '!4# B !!4 !D%%!%!%%%4!C'#5! ; !C081,!! !54'#L#4F#C#B!!D5'%%4'!:.1!;!4'!!!%#DD5MC'!!:/1
08 1CL%#CN%4!C#D0L/880>21414O1J%41!GA5!N/77=OOH1
:. 1CL%M%#14%!! 1!F(1G!'H1
:/ !/886K-./F#/0:C15D%##D%!D;C%'!%I! ! % ! !1 /8. !1 9!!1
/--
DL%!!
! ! %' %! %4!C#B!!!
'%LB1%%C44':-4!!%#D!%!B!% !D 5;!1!#%C'%'B!5;'%BDC'!%#!%%!1(!! ;%%C'%B%!!%5;!1,!4!C!%5'%%#L4D%#L!% ;D!%1"I-./!!#/0:5C1!8.%LC4'!D!%%!%:91
1>8L/887G1!$//=88H48!%/888G1!-7=87H4/0%M-../G1!/-=./H4/0-..G1!-=.H4-9%M5-..6G1!/.=.6H46!%-..6G1!/7=.:H4/7-..7G1!/8=.6H4-9%M-./-G1!$//=/-H47!-./G1!-/=/9H1$!!C'!!L!!>21)!4"1J55$!4F$:??O:?6:R:?84P$5S-./94G//6H41/-014(1)4#%*$%&4PI!S-./41841-91
:- !!4!C%!5!!%%G!1'H1
:9 C>/:/888G1!$/8=87H4-:%M/888G1!/-=88H48!%/888G1!-7=87H4/:!%/888G1!$ //=88H4 / /888 G1 ! /.=88H4 -6 -... G1 ! -.=88H4-7-...G1!9=88H4/.%M-...G1!7=88H46!%-...G1!/:=..H4/.!-../G1!6=..H49%-../G1!9=./H49!%-../G1!/:=./H4/--..-G1!8=./H4-8-..-G1!/=./H4/--..-G1!/9=./H4/6L-..-G1!$90=./H47%M-..-G1!9:=..H4/%M-..-G1!=./H4-8%M5-..-G1!/8=./H4/.-..-G:=.-H4/.-..-G1!-6=.-H4/7-..9G1!0.=./H4-.-..9G1!0:=.-H4/.-..9G1!8=./H46!-..G1!/=.9H4/9!-..G1!$/.=.9H4/7-..G1!$97=.9H4-:%-..G1!/:=.-H48L-..G1!-=.9H49!%-..G1!/7=.9H4/0-..G1!-=.H4-7!-..0G1!-0=.H4/0-..0G8=.H49/-..0G1!$-:=.-H4-.!-..0G1!-=.-H4/7-..0G1!/:=.H46-..0G1!-9=.H4-.-..0G1!=.H4-9-..0G1!/6=.H40%-..0G1!$-:=.H4/9L-..0G1!97=.H4-7!%-..0G1!--=.0H4/--..0G1!9-=.H4/:!-..:
/-9
4F#D%!5!!%%!4%LB%!4!%1$!%C'5!!%;!5
%K%#LB4'%!!!5 %% 4 C !! D !' !K%CLB1$#'#E4'F#54%I!%#5L!:1!!!54%CL!%%!!!%# B C' L:014!CF#!!!!5
!4!!%%!5!D%#L!%4!5%!4!
!!;1!!4!;5D%%!45! %% %! ! % %%C%!'D1
G1!$9.=.0H4-!-..:G1!$.=.H4/8!-..:G1!:=.:H4-0%-..:G1!9.=.H47!%-..:G1!9.=.:H4-!-..6G1!$8=.0H4---..6G1!-=.6H4/.%-..6G1!$0.=.:H47%M-..6G1!-.=.6H4-%M-..6G1!$6=.:H4//5-..6G1!:=.:H40!-..7G1!9=.:H49-..7G1!=.:H4/8-..7G1!-9=.6H4/%-..7G1!-9=.6H4/6-..6G1!/:=.7H49/-..8G1!-7=.7H4-/!-..8G1!:=.7H4-/!-..8G1!0.=.8H4/:%-..8G1!9:=.8H4/8!%-..8G1!:-=.8H47-..8G1!6=.7H4/8%M-./.G1!98=.8H4-:%M-./.G1!07=.8H4!%-./.G1!/8=.:H4/-./.G1!/=.6H48-.//G1!/0=/.H4/8%-.//G1!8=.8H4/0!%-.//G1!-8=.8H4/6-./-G1!/.=//H4//%-./-G1!7=/.H4-%M-./-G1!/=/-H4-:-./9G1!/-=//H4-6-./9G1!-6=/-H4-0-./9G1!9.=/-H4/:%-./9G1!09=//H4/6%-./9G1!$8=/.H4-0%-./9G1!$:/=/-H49.%-./9G1!0=/-H46!%-./9G1!9/=/-H4-7!%-./9G1!/6=/-H4-.-./G1!/6=/9H40-./G1!90=//H4/%-./G1!$:=/-H4/.%-./G1!/8=/9H4-0!%-./G1!0=/9H4/:-./G1!-=/H1
: 11E4! $%&%""4P$S-..94-G00H410/1
:0 F#C#4#!!!
%%C11C>8-...G1!:=87H4/8-..9G1!98=./H4/7!-..G1!/-=.9H4-.!-..G1!0=.-H4-9-..8G1!0=.6H48!%-./.G1!/9=.6H1
/-
F#C%##DC'5D%L%!!%CM51-0/887::#4'!%!%B%!%!4!C5D#!%L !%!!D% !!1.!1/-!-%/881!:61N!!!!54 % %D 4# 5BD%L%4%''#!5!4B'!!#D%%%C!1!!%5%C %F# %## D !' %I!%:74 %I! %:84 %# ;5%I!6.4%I!%I!6/4L6-4;%I!691
!%'!5%I!%G!1-!!H!%!!!%1O'%!I %I! ! D %# ;1,!!L!%!%!!5!;F1
,!!!!%%%%!DD%D%!!%L1N'CBD;!4'%%%$G#!H!%5!%4'!!%%%!5B%#!61!!5;!1
$!%%%%D'LBC'%'1!!%%5
:: $1!/8=861:6 "11/.04%10.81:7 1C-:%M/888G1!/-=88H4-8
-..G1!-.=.-H/.%-..6G1!$0.=.:H1:8 1-9-..0G1!/6=.H16. 1//888G1!/.=88H16/ 1/.-...G1!-/=88H16- 19%-../G1!9=./H169 1C/-!-../G1!//=87H/:!
-..6G1!0=.:H16 $'%'!!DO]1
/-0
D!!
%4'!#!5!!%%D%L51DC!'%B!4'%!!D!%%1!%'!B#%%!4!CC'D#!!D4#!!5 ! D #;K!'!15' !' B ! ! %%4 %4'!F!%1F%#!!LB%%4;D!#!1F!%%%%!F#;5D 1!
%4'!4!C%#5D4%CLB!LB!%4!%%!!%!D!1
3. Wyroki prewencyjne
%%%!1O!!5!!#%!!/80-6!5/878160N!D%#!1/7!1!!!/88-1!!/8861 %#L1CL!%5D!;5G!1/99!1-!!H%'LBDL!!!L!1
3.1. Kontrola prewencyjna ustaw
% ! % ! !6: !# O]!!KP$$!S1!;!4'!5 %!!# ! ! !!L %
60 "11/84%1/./16: $!!!%!!C>14%
*# #% 6:??N484P$S-..:4G60H41:/1
/-:
!4;!!%#%%1%%#D%I!!!!!!%5!!4'!##L!%#L4!LB;%D!!5C1!DC4'!!%C!%54!%!!!L1!1/--!!!'!-/ G' !D '! !D %'! !D !1 ! %6 H %#'! %%!%BF#%5L!!!1#'%%#!!5%1C!!L!'!%B!!!!D%1%!!!%#%I!!1/!194%% 1#'%5%!!!C4!C!1/--!1---!1/!!1
$!!%!!%##G!1-0%!/!FH1# !C%!%!!%4!%%5CCD!!!L!'!G!%'!H1F#5C%CM'-D#'1F !! ! '5!C%661O%!!!!!%#'%%!5!%$G!1/--!10H1$!%#D%I!!%!'LB%#'D1
!%'%!%5%%C!4!C!!D12!!!4'
#'%#%!C4%'%12'!!DPCS!5%%%!'%B%!!L4';!%#5D!#B!!#671
66 1J1)4:??4Q>R1"#4J1)41$41$421FI441-/1
67 15$4J1)421FI411141-/1
/-6
!!%'B!4!C! MC#%% !%5%1!''B!!%!5#G!!!%4!'D!;D%D4!'!54!C!1-0!104!'KM%!5!1--!1-K!'!!%'5!H681 $ !! 'B %
!%'1N!#%I!''B!%%#!C!1/----!!7.1!!B!#5
!!4!1/--!1-%%L!L!!;D1
%!!!LB!#%;!12'!%45!!7/ 4'%L#'12'%%'!%!VL!%%'1A !#%I!%%%B #B!G%1!1/--!11/!!H1N!;!!%%!G!1/--!191-5!!H##K!%5!!!!4'L%!%I!1
;! ! !!1 O!! !5!%!%!GH1,!D%5!!!'LB%!%5%% ! !!!D%12! !!!%!C4'%!5!%%!#DD!#%5#4!CD#!D7-1
68 J1)4:??11141/817. 1F/-!/880G1!/-=8H--L/880G1!
/8=80H-/887G1!9=87H9!%/888G1!/9=88H17/ J1)L#4'!!%!P!S11J1)5
4= ,$%&4Q>R! 94&4%121FI5A1A4#/88641891
7- ,%L!!D%%!!%5%!-/887G1!9=87H1N!%!F#'!!L%%4!C#!!!!%511/6%/88:G1!7=8:H1
/-7
F#%!%'B4'#!5!!!1,!%;#D%5!!1"I-./1F#!!!%!D791!%%#!G/--!1!!H74'!DDL!%1!
%5 %! !!!! %%! ! !C1!D% !D!4!!!!D!4!#1N'%LB4'!#' !C %4 D # 4C#K%!#%I5!1!'B!C45!'#!D!!1NDLD!!!%!D%1#5#!%-0=874F##4'%5#!1//7!1//--!1-!!1
2'!'!!C%%C!%#5' %% F# 4 ! !
DMB!!D4!!%%#!4!'!DM1D L !# % ;4 %'L%#!!51-7!/888F#4'PLBS'!D%BC%#>!55701%%%
5L4 ' !!%%' ! !%!#DL!1O#K!%5!%!#4!C'D%M!1%#M5'CBC4!%!#%%5C!'4!!!%%%#D!4M%!#%%C1F!!4'DLB!4!C5!#4I4#'I!%!
79 A#!-9!/888G1!-0=87H17 F##4'!!!4%K%1
#D!%!0L/880G1!/=80H1!!LBC'%%C!!/8861
70 $1!9=881
/-8
!1 ,4 %% %!!4'#5!!1$!!D4DLB!%'!!!1
2'F#4'!C%%!5!%!#!4C5!F!!!LB5#L!G!1/--!11-H1!'!%%B4!'!DD5L!%4L%ID!51"D !4 ' F# % ' %! !M!D%D%%!4'DB5%%%C#!!1" ! %! % 7 !%!D%1"I-./F#
!C7:1
$!!4!LB!C%%C4'C'4'!1$!!%!FDL1!5!4B#L%!%5!!L % ! %!I761 F !D 11%LLD1,%5L!!%4!'%5#!%!1"!!4!C%%F#!1
F!%#%;!4!C5'#!!1F#!!5LL%%C4'5!4!!! %D4D%!#DL!1!1/--!11-4%DD%#$4!'%%B!D%D
%%CCB$D5L1)#%I!'!!CB%%!4! %L D1!!4
7: A#!>-.!%-..-G1!/=.-H4-0!%-..-G1!96=.-H4/%M-..8G1!%=.8H4/%-./.G1!%8=.8H4-.!5-.//G%6=.8H4/-.//G1!%/=//H4:-./9G1!%//=/-H1
76 1$4 #4C-...4176K771
/9.
!D '# !F#1%! DL%%!D%D%%C1(!%%!C"!%5!!%$4!4!C!#%!!%!1
%!%%4!!D$DL1F%!!KI-./1!%#!!5771!DD;!4'!D! C ! ! C %%!1/--!10%B%!!!5 4'BD%784'5!LB !!1 % !!DL!!I%!D%%54!C!!%%CD!F1!5%!D%$$!B!%5#'1
'#'%D' D !! %% %!4%'1%5%!L!%%!!5%C!5!1N!D!!!L!%!!!4!4!!C%5##D!!5C4!CDL!1'4'%!!D4!CC'D%#!!LM5%%!12'!4'$%5##!!4C!#M%#!%K'%B!DF#1'%!!%5B!!%%4!C!#%!%!4!%!#%##'!5
'1
77 1F-8%M-..9G1!09=.-H/.!%-..G1!%/=.H1
78 121%#4 6:;P;B:;;
/9/
%'D%45%!1$!!!!!C5 !!!D%4 '%%!F'LBL'
1N!D! %%C!!4 !C !C%4!%#D%D%F#$!1N!! ! %# ' %4$#'C4!C!
4#'1/.!%-..8.F!5#!!LB!1/%!/40:!-!-..1!K!K54 !1 9!1 -!0 %/88. 1K#4'%%5#!1!C#D!!1/--!1#$%!%1,!%#5'##%I!!4%#4'!%%#!%D%%C45#$%%!1,!#%#L'!%C4!C5!!D1F%!!'D%%C!5%%L !%'5%I!1F#%#!!%#C#%4%C'L5
%%LC%5!!!1
)#C!!C%;!%L'%5%4!C%!#!15!!4!%!!%K5%!!D1N%!%!%#%%%C4D%CMD!%B#I%5!C%!1%!
D%L%4!'D;!%I!!%I%4!C!1-!!51%%!;%%L'%!1
8. $1!%/=.1
/9-
3.2. Kontrola prewencyjna ratyfikowanychumw midzynarodowych
N%!!1/99!1-!!! %!;5D'CBDF#5%L!8/1%5!%!D#%I!4!! G!1/!19%!8H1!!#5#L#'!1!%% ! ! D ! #CD%!;!C%!;%5!'!G!178!1/!18.!1/H4;G!19.!19H C4!C!;!1!D4 '%!%!BC4!C!;'!4!%%!%!C'!!!L!%' ! !;1 $!#D %D4 % %%# # # ! %4!D%!#D8-1
"I-./1!##''%5!D!%'5%F##'1$!!'5L%'!D#!%!!4CL4'!! %%C4 !C L#1!1/--%!!D
#!I!CD1
F!!!LD!% 4 !! ' %891,! LB %!I ! %D!!4'!'!;B1!!%54%!!;DL4!!%%! G!1 /--!1 H1 D4 '# ! B !
8/ (4A#4E4 $#!D%!#%%!CD13%!D5%!C%4 %1(!!D!!D!D%4!!!!N4#4 4$#%!!!LCD1
8- 11$4)$%4P$S/8874/G-H41/71
89 11)43 #111419/1
/99
'%%4#%!5%!81%L%#5 %%C 4 ' !
#B D %!# D !1L
%#C'!!1F%!#511%%!!!C!D&%8015! %L!!D!!!;#L1F#%%5!%!!
'D%C!
!4#1$C4'%GH
%D!!5L%!C4%I!5!4!C#D4'!DB!L1
F!LBD!5!!D%#D%I!!;!1A;!!D#%5!!!!%D15!D4'!%!;4!!!!4!B5D4D'#!8:1
!%!!%LB!
D4#D !LB%I!%!%D54C'%D!#LB!CD5861%!%%L5!%D!4%%4L#!%!!!%#%1
8 1J1)4*#34Q>R>#>4 ,41-6:-7.(1I4(9$%&4Q>R3JJ9141//-1
80 1%1D!!] %E%M/8071LC%%C%!;F!!5!!#D11!1775-77591-6%/88-1!1/9!1-!!3%-6/8671%D%D!F!!!!1
8: 11$4=44Q>R3 #93 " 4 % 114 /8864 1 //@J1)4*11141-7.@1E5!4,11141/071
86 11!541!141-8-K-891
/9
!!%C'!'D!;D%CD4!C5!1788.!1/K9!!1
C5f9!%CD1,!D!%%!!1,!D!#!4'!!4!C5'D!;D#%I!D#%B!!871$%5%!!!!!L !!!!!D%1"!!C5!%4!C!#%!D!;1D4'%!'LL%5!4'!%!%LB!LB1!5!'%!%#MI%I5! !D1 " I -./- 1 ! !%!#1
4. Kontrola w okresie vacatio legis
!!D%'B'!!%4'%%!15!F%!'!!L!5%D%%%!L'8815D!B!%!!1/8/!!1$#'D!!%%!%4B!!%!4%!!!%%%%5 ! %!D !D1 %4 !C #'4!%!B1(!5%%!!1
2'%LD!#4F#5'#%%B!DB4C!%5#'!;'%5#4CLD!B
87 >1)!4= 3 $%& 9 #34P)I$!S-./4ZZZO410791
88 1%1/:-..9G1!0-=.-H4/0!-..0G1!7=.H//-..6G1!-=.6H1
/90
%! I % /..1 EFD!%%%CC!4 ' ! D! ! %4!C##'!C%;!1,5L;4!%%%#D%I!%4 C!D!!% D!#;#D%5L1!DFD##!!4!1%D!%%!%5D!%L!1C' I % ! ! ! !!%#'%1
5. Wyroki interpretacyjne, zakresowe i inne
F#4!!;#!C#'4%## %# D %!D ; D!DMLD1F!%!D'B%!!!!%4!D!L4L%!L/./4!D%%!%1
5.1. Wyroki interpretacyjne
%! !C !%! # #'4 '#!B!!4!!!LB!%5B!4'!!!4!C%L45!L !!!/.-1 P, !%!4
M%!!!!4! % %%%C4 !C !!LB
'B ! % L %#1 $F#
/.. #!!D!F%!!D%C//-..6G1!-=.6H1
/./ 115$4!"6$ #&*+84PI!S-../41:41-81
/.- 1I/7%M/88G1!-=8H4%M5/880G1!7=80H/0%/88:G1!0=8:H1
/9:
L#4 '%! !!C !4 '!LB%L %S/.91 ! !% B %CL%L!%!
#'B!5 !L ;!D!%/.1
!!%!!%%!!%K%!D%1F5# ! L 4!C%!!1%54!%5%!!%%!%F1N5!!#!%%D#B'%D%!%!
FD%#M!%KG5!LBH!!%!51!%!%D!%C;!%%F#/.01
5.2. Wyroki zakresowe
;D%%!
%C'C!%!1,!5!LLDL%%%!!D!%%D!1'B!L!%L;!%%G!H/.:M!'B%D4!BDLB
!L/.61%!!##5'4 ' # %% !L B % !4D%!#L1
!F!%%%! !
!%!L;1!4%%%C!%!4D!%4L%%!%1
/.9 134C'%&4P %%!S-9-..-1/. 1#F:L/880G1!-.=80H1/.0 >1F4( $%&9
&& 4-.//41/991/.: 1%1!C/8%M/888G1!$=88H-.
-..6G1!96=.:H1/.6 1%1!C0!/888G1!-6=87H//-..6
G1!:=.:H1
/96
%'!4!!!;#4'#%%4!;1
5.3. Wyroki skutkujce tzw. odyciem norm
! ' ! I!51!!%!DB%#D%%5-./888/.74!C!!!5#4 ' %%C P% %C %%C4#L'!!%%CS/.81$!F%!#%!!%!-/-...//.1F!%!DK#!C54!C!!I!LB!K%!!D%!!%%4D!%%%5C%!%1!!1'
#%C!>D5% %! %1 %%4!C!#F4%C!4!C5#%1
6. Ochrona zasad ustrojowych w orzecznictwie TK
F# ! ' D %%
!%I!%4 ! !' !# ! C1DL ! !! !4 %!#%L'!!/8861$CD!!%5 !4 !C !%% %%!!!4!
%D5%!1!%C!5
/.7 $1!=881/.8 N'CBD4'%!!#5
4!1;%#%!%54'!!FD4 '%##!1
//. $1!=881
/97
!!!!LB%!B%!!%1
DLBIF%!!5##!%I!%4!5 ;! ! %%!1,!#!D%>%I!%///4;!%I!//-!%I%//94%L%5//4 %I! %//04 ! %//:4 !5!LL%%C%//64%L//74%##//81"!!%L%!D %% !! G%1 !1 6/.H4%!#!!#!1-1
F#%%#C'#!#!!MC#%/-.1'%!!#%LDOOO#!!KPcC#%S1$!%%!!%54 C# %! !L !%%C%#!!1!%#MC#%!>MC#%%5MC#%D!12!F
/// 1F>-.!%-..-G1!/=.-H4-/-../G1!-=..H4-9%M-..6G1!-7=.6H1
//- 1>/9!/887G1!9:=87H46/888G1!--=88H4-!-..6G1!$/8=.:H4-8-..6G1!7=.:H4-6!%-..6G1!$98=.:H1
//9 1>6/888G1!--=88H4-0!%/886G1!-:=86H4-./888G1!=88H4-6!-..-G1!6=./H49.!%-..-G1!/=.-H4-!-..6G1!$/8=.:H4-8-..6G1!7=.:H4-6!%-..6G1!$98=.:H1
// 1-0!%/886G1!-:=86H1//0 1/-!-...G1!7=87H-6!-..-G1!6=./H1//: 1>/6/886G1!--=8:H49.!/888G1!0=87H4
-6!-../G1!6=./H4/8-..6G1!6=.0H4/.-..6G1!9=.6H1
//6 1>-/-../G1!-=..H4/-!-..-G1!/9=./H4-.!%-..-G1!/=.-H4-9%M-..6G1!-7=.6H40-..6G1!9:=.:H1
//7 1>8-...G1!:=87H4-7-...G1!9=8H4---..6G1!-=.0H4-7!%-..6G1!98=.6H1
//8 1>-7!/888G1!9=88H40%M/888G1!=88H4//!-...G1!6=88H4-!-..-G1!0=./H1
/-. $!!!>1"4W#& %"":;;D!LL!MC#%5 % /-/4 /--4 !!L!MC#%D!/-91%C%%COOO#!1-!!%#5!%#%#M5!!K!K%/-1
A!!!LBF#!C''!%I!1'!!#!%!1,C%!!%!;5C%L!4'!%C!!54!F1(!#/8.!194!!4'%%I4!C'D#;5%!'!4F# L !5
!! ! ! % % D% !C1(!#!F!5!DD%%!L!%!!4!C'#B!5'D#;%!'5!%'!1%!L!4'F# ! B %I!D5%!!L%4!!4! ! %4 !C B ! %
%D% 1 ! 'B%#L#!!!%1!D4'%5'% F#D%D!C;/-01
O%#C%!!%!'5! IF#%%D %%!1 --!1 -!!!19!F4!C!!LB1 !! !-D#'%%!L
/-/ -7-...G1!-0=88H48!%/888G1!-7=87H/9!%-../G1!/:=./H1
/-- 17%-..-G1!$/=./H1/-9 1//887G1!-/=87H-7-...G1!-0=88H1/- 1>-6-...G1!-.=88H48!-../G1!
/.=..H40-../G1!//=..H4-8%M-..-G1!/8=./H1/-0 115$4($%&K 3>9
4 4PI!S-...41/-41991
/.
!!!'!M!%'!
! ! %1 % ! ! ! !'D'4'!!54!CF#!#%!%1
O!!%CML'F!#!
11 !C ; %