fundamentals of rwh

8/10/2019 Fundamentals of Rwh

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Fundamentals of

Rain Water Harvesting

Vishal Bhanushali

Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment

May 06, 2009


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Vision

Living an unpolluted life

is our childrens birthright.

Launched in 2000


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Air Pollution


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Ground Water Pollution


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What is the need

for harvestingrain water ?


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Water in Urban Space

Municipal water deficit

City

Mumbai

Delhi

Kolkata

Chennai

BangloreHyderabad

Need

4000

3830

2258

3000

840956

Shortfall

1030

880

690

1050

135186

Shortfall %

25

30

30

35

1619


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Water in Urban Space

Municipal water deficit

City

IndoreBhopal

Lucknow

Jaipur

JabalpurVaizag

Need

318335

560

349

239

305

Shortfall

13470

120

313

94.5

146

Shortfall %

4221

21

89

40

48


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RURAL INDIA ISSCREAMINGFORWATER!

Waternow precedes roti, kapda, aur makan

2/3rds of the country

has been declared

drought prone

90,000 villages

declared no source

villages- no source

within 7 km radiusRajendra Singh, Tarun Bharat Sangh


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Can Bore Wells Help ?

June 2004 Musampally villageNalgonda DistrictAndhra Pradesh

Population 3000Land 2000 acresBore wells 6000

No typing mistake There are 2 bore wells per personIn this village. More than 85 % never struck water.Others dried up soon after drilling


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The Bore wells have

worsened the matters

Instead of reducing

scarcity, they are

increasing it.

We have seen bore wells- 1500 ft deep and drying

Big dams and diversion

canals are making downstream older river

courses dry

The Bore Wells and

The Big Dams

are the real culprits


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Ural Sea in Russia

Dried by Agriculture

And Industry


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?


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Where can we learn aboutwater harvesting ?

What are the basic rules?

The Fundamentals ?


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?


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Ancient India was Prosperous because of

Ponds and Lakes Made and Managed by People

Thus achieving water security, irrigation, flood control and food security

Wise Water Management of ou r ancestors


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Modified fromStephen Lemcke, 2002
http://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/abt/GEO/varanasi-waterscapes/html/2002.html


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odified fromtephen Lemcke, 2002

V


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Modified fromStephen Lemcke, 2002

Varuna

Ganga

Assi


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Source - Stephen Lemcke,

e-mail: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/abt/GEO/varanasi-waterscapes/html/1931.htmlhttp://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/abt/GEO/varanasi-waterscapes/html/2002.htmlhttp://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/abt/GEO/varanasi-waterscapes/html/1822.htmlmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Marine forts have sweet water

WaterLearningPoints

Corresponding mainland

water is brackish


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Are these Miracles?

No !

There are rational explanations

Which can be put to good use


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WaterLearningPoints

Through a well the

harvested water is used

Fort walls, Temple andsurroundings collect rain

water that is stored in a

huge pond.

Marine forts have sweet water


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Jalashayanam Vishnu Temple Mahabalipuram


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Note the Rock paved surface

And drain channels as well as

The large rain water retaining

Cistern probably used as

rain gauge


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Rameshwaram Temple

Note the gaps in

Foundation and the

Sweet water reflecting

the shrine


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Water Learning Points

Hill Forts Have Water

Lower lands may

not have water


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Water Learning Points

Fortress walls help to hold

micro-water table created by a pond

Wells give the bounty in usable form

Hill Forts Have Water


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Nature offers us

our most important needs

-free of charge

Rain Water is one such thingIt is Water in its purest form

We only need to harvest it

WHAT i R i H i ?


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WHATis Rainwater Harvesting?

Activity of capturing

the rain and storingit

for direct use or

recharging into the

groundwater.

Simply.. catching rain where itfalls and using it.


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What is the need

for harvestingrain water ?


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A natural resource presently wasted

Prevents ground water depletion

A good supplement to piped water

Positive cost benefit ratio

Relatively pollution free

Water conservation & self-dependence


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Any person planning to build a house

An independent plot owner.

Persons in apartments Industries, Institutions and factories

People who are purchasing water for

domestic use

Whocan harvest roo ftop rainwater?

In short, everywhere

the potential for rainwater harvesting is huge


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How Much One an harvest Rainwater

Vol RWH =A x R x C

A=Area

R= Rainfall in meters

C=Runoff coefficient

An example

A =100 m2

R = 2000 millimeters

C = 0.85

RWH = 1,70,000 litres


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Catchments details: Area, type and nature

Sr.No Catchment Area

(sq m)

Collection co-

efficient (%)

1. Roof flat/slope 80-90

2. Paved area

Driveway/courtyard,

roads

60-70

3 Unpaved area

Lawns, garden,

playground

20-30

WHAT is Rooftop Rainwater


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WHATis Rooftop Rainwater

Harvesting?

Collection

Filtration

Storage

Usage

Recharge


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Daily Harvesting

Possible in rain forests or areas with

prolonged rainy season

Collect dailyUse

Use when available

Types of Rain Water Harvesting 1

Simplest Rain Water harvesting Use when available


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During Rainy season, Drinking water needs of 35-house villageare met by a simple saree based rainwater harvesting system.

(Pic: Shree Padre)

Simplest Rain Water harvesting Use when available


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Harvesting for future use

Necessary where availability is not through

out the year

Collect during rainsStoreUse

Storage can be in

2.1 - Tanks2.2 - Soil strata

Types of Rain Water Harvesting 2


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Harvesting for future use - Storage in Tanks

Used in havelis of Rajasthan/Kutcch for

centuries

Replicated in Moral Re-armament Centre

and Ion Exchange Guest house in Panchgani

Roof acts as catchment area.

Under ground Storage tanks act as collection

devices.

Usage by fetching from the tank as per need

Types of Rain Water Harvesting 2.1


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Clean Roof

Haveli

Storage tank in the

Raised Plinth

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Tanks

Used in Rajasthan and Kutch


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Harvesting for future use - Storage in Soil

Roof as well as open areas act as catchment

surfaces.

Inter particular spaces in soil / rocks are used

for storing water.Water is channeled to structures made for

enhanced percolation of the harvested rain

water into soil layersUsagethrough Dug wells or bore wells

Types of Rain Water Harvesting 2.2

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata-I


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Simple Ground Water

Recharge Pit

Terrace

Building

Use through well/

Bore well

Permeable strata

Subsoil water

Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata I

Recharge Pit

Method

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata-I


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Recharge Pit

With a deeper shaft

Terrace

Building

Use through well/

Bore well

Impermeable strata

Subsoil water

Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata I

Recharge Pit Type 2

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata - II


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Terrace

Building

Recharge through well

Use through well/bore well

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata II

Recharge through Dug well

Subsoil water

Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata - III


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Terrace

Building

Recharge through bore well

Use through bore well

Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata III

Recharge through Bore well

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata - IV


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Improved Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata IV

Recharge through trenches

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata - V


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Terrace

Building

Recharge through soil

Use through well/bore well

Ground water

Harvesting for Future Use Storage in Soil Strata V

Improving permeability of pavement


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Site Specific

Slopes

Geo-morphology

Space availability

Usage pattern

End use specific

Selection of Rain Water Harvesting Structures


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Borewell recharge through storm water drainage


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Wishing all of you

Abundance of Pure Air

Clean water

Healthy Food


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