WRITINGSCHOLARLY ARTICLES

FUNDAMENTALS IN

Professor Dr Zulikha JamaludinUniversiti Utara Malaysiazulie@uum.edu.myA workshop conducted at UTP, Tronoh. 11 Feb 2015

ZULIKHA BINTI JAMALUDINPhD (Computer Science) USM Malaysia

MSc (Computer Science) University of Exeter, England

BSc (Computer Science) University of Lancaster, England

zulie@uum.edu.my

LIFETIME MEMBER OF EMERALD LITERATILISTED IN SCOPUS AUTHOR DIRECTORY SINCE 2003

http://meetingwords.com/UTP-writing

LO for today:

Reformat-STRUCTURE

of a scientific paper

First

(assuming you got the data ready)DRAFT

Select aJOURNAL

THE COURSE

OVERVIEWReading and writingWriting structureWriting processThe structure of a research paperThe paper:

TitleAbstractOutline of contentIntroductionContent methodsContent for different types of paper Conference vs journal papersConclusion

FormattingPublishing – high impact journals

WRITING

BASIC

READING &

SKILL

Speed reading

WRITINGSKILL NEEDS

PRACTICE

WRITING = OUTPUT

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

WRITINGSTRUCTURE &PROCESS

“I just put down any sort of rubbish,” a celebrated critic once remarked about his first attempts. And putting down rubbish is good

advice…the truth is that once a sentence is lying on the page, it is

often shatteringly clear what is right and what is wrong with it. Put it down, and go on putting

more of it down. Everything can be mended later

Watson, George (1987) Writing a thesis: a guide to long essays and dissertations. London:

Longman, p. 39

THE STRUCTURE OF A

PAPERRESEARCH

THE STRUCTURETITLE

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

BODY

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

GENERAL

PARTICULAR

PARTICULAR

GENERAL

Everything-in a nutshell Abstract SECOND LAST

The problem + hook Introduction

Ways of solving Methods & experiment

What did I find out & what does it mean? Results & discussion

TTWYHATT Conclusion BEFORE ABSTRACT

People who helped Acknowledgement LAST

Works referred References (literature cited) ALWAYS

THE STRUCTURE OF A

PAPERRESEARCH

YOUR MAIN

CONTENT

Make them the

CENTRALtheme of the article.

two or three…identify

emerging from the important findingsexperiments.

CHOOSING THE

EXAMPLE

Bahasa Melayu reading pattern

of dyslexic children in Kedah.

Ethnographically-informed

systems design for air traffic

control

QoSOnt: a QoS ontology for

service-centric systems

SHORT – 15 words at most

Easy to understand

Precise

Attractive

Reflects the objective of the paper

(It is a ‘promise’)

Show clear relationship between DV & IV

Phrases to AVOID: InvestigationStudyNovel, …

Which of these two titles make you read the paper?

Check your grammar especially in the TITLE!

“..a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article.” “..can be the most important paragraph in the article.”

?WHAT IS AN

Abstracts are published separately from articles in on-line indices, SO MAKE IT CLEAR.

?WHAT IS AN

Accurate

Self-contained

Concise and specific

5% of article or 500 words at most

Be creative in generating curiosity

Hands-on 1ABSTRACTWRITING

About 150-300 words

THE ‘MUST HAVE’ IN

THE MESSAGE TO DELIVER

OF GOOD ABSTRACTS

In the last years there has been a high production of groupware systems. However, most of these systems have been based on the desktop metaphor. We propose a translation process based on the use of the conceptual model (or, particularly, on the task model and the data model) of the original application. From this model and by means of a pattern-based reengineering process, we obtain mobile versions of the original systems. In this paper the user interface reengineering process is described and an example of the application of patterns for the evolution of a specific system, Domosim-TPC, is shown.

OF GOOD ABSTRACTS

In this paper, we present a speaker verification system based on the Hidden Markov Models and Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filtering. The aim of using LMS adaptive filtering is to improve the HMMs performance in noisy environments. A Malay spoken digit database is used for the testing and validation modules. It is shown that, in a clean environment a Total Success Rate (TSR) of 89.97% is achieved using HMMs. For speaker verification, the true speaker rejection rate is 25.3% while the impostor acceptance rate is 9.99% and the equal error rate (EER) is 16.66%. In noisy environments without LMS adaptive filtering TSRs of between 43.07%-46.40% are achieved for Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs) of 0-30 dBs. Meanwhile, after LMS filtering, TSRs of between 51.26%-54.86% are achieved for SNRs 0-30 dB.

THE BAD ONE…

Three transitional cryomodules (SL21, FEL03, Renascence) have been constructed as part

of an energy upgrade effort at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). Each

transitional cryomodule contains eight superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities.

Within the vacuum vessel, waveguides transmit up to 13 kW of RF power to the

superconducting niobium cavities. The waveguides also provide the thermal transition

between the room temperature ceramic RF window and the niobium fundamental power

coupler (FPC), a 300K temperature gradient across ~20cm! The thermal performance of

the waveguides is determined in part by the placement of heat stations and bellows. The

original 13 kW waveguide design incorporated a single 60 K heat station and two bellows

resulting in a total heat load (static + dynamic) to the FPC of ~3W per waveguide. To

minimize this heat load and stabilize the FPC temperatures, a 2K superfluid helium heat

station design was incorporated into the second transitional cryomodule, FEL03, installed

in the JLab Free Electron Laser (FEL). The designed heat station is capable of removing up

to 1.12W , with a bath emperature of 2.05K, while remaining sub-lambda. This paper

describes the design, analysis and testing of the heat station.

Hands-on 2

YOUR ABSTRACTCHECK

& KEYWORDS

KEYWORDSSELECTION

NOTES ON

Choose keywords with enough

search volumeChoose long tail keywords

Use the keywords in

the article title

Use sparingly in the body –

not overstated

INTRODUCTION

BODY

CONCLUSION

Provide problem &

hook (significant)

State claim

NOT in the form of

research report title

Tell what we have

already told

NO NEW input

INTRODUCTION

dyslexic children and pesona

design

primary pesona reading pattern

requirement definition document

Storyboard with interaction design

analysis

the DC-READ prototype

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION BODY CONCLUSION

SECTION 3

ADVICEWords of

NEVER EVER start writing a

section until we are satisfied

with our outline (approved by supervisors? Co-authors?...)

PREPARING THE

OUTLINEHands-on 3

10 minutes (from existing conference paper)

SECTION 4TH

IS IS A

N E

XA

MP

LE O

F A

N Introduction

TH

IS IS A

N E

XA

MP

LE O

F A

N Introduction

TH

IS IS N

OT

A G

OO

D IntroductionA methodology for developing multimedia courseware

The changing roles and challenges for better quality of

education evolves the need for the development of diverse

and efficient teaching methods….

:

.

In Malaysian education scenario, to accept the challenges

for a better quality of education, the government has

introduce many projects…

:

Reaching back too far!

EXTRABE

PARTICULAR

INTRODUCTION

NEEDS TRAININGCREATE A HOOK

KEY FOR GOOD PAPER

INTRODUCTION

Intro =your entrance lawn

INTRODUCTION

Intro =your entrance lawn

INTRODUCTION

Intro =your face!

INTRODUCTION

Intro =your face!

SUMMARY

DRAWING

QUOTATION

QUESTION

PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT

POEM

DIALOG

CHARACTER

INTRODUCTIONS

TH

E IN

TR

OD

UC

TIO

N TEMPLATE

“In studying <1- the semantic meaning of thetopic>, these keywords is operationally defined as<2- the operational definition of the keywordsappeared in the title>. As such <3-majorproblems/gap> will be examined. In order to do so,<4- the variables related to major problems> mustbe investigated. So that in the end <5- the claim orthe significance>can be shown/proven.“

Note:Items 2, 3, 4 – can be more than one variable.

The scene

The ‘bridge’

The thesis statement/claim

Read ...

Read ...

Read ...

Read ...

Read ...

PRELIM LIT REV

formulate PROBLEMSTATEMENT

TYPE A /TYPE B

PROBLEM

evaluateTHE

RESEARCH

GAP

Inadequate

Mixed/limited results Bias

Inco

nsisten

ceX p

op

ula

tio

n

X outcome

FLAWS

The Gap!

WR I T I N G THEInclude items in template

(30 MINUTES)

INTRODUCTION

Hands-on 4

Where do they ?

TITL

E (1

00

0)

AB

STR

AC

T (1

00

)

INTR

O (

10

0)

CO

NC

LUSI

ON

(1

00

)

REF

EREN

CE

(50

)

BO

DY

1 (

10

)

BO

DY

2 (

10

)

BO

DY

n (

3)

H TMAP

JUSTIFICATIONS

SCOPE

ELEMENTS OF SCOPE

THE SCOPE

WITH LITERATURE BACK-UPS

This study aims at producing a method for detecting lies in

religious websites using familiar interaction design dimensions

Method Lies

Detection

IxD

dimension

Religious

sites

process

techniqueprocedure

Best

practice

pattern

entity

tools

text

video

animation

audio

graphic

combination

identify

highlight

capture

deleteupdate

dbase

activate

agent

Islam

Christian

HinduBudha

form

behaviour

content

combination

justification

justification

justification

justificationjustification

EXAMPLE

WHO

SIGNIFICANCE

BENEFIT

HOW

FIL

LIN

G U

P T

HE

CONTENT

METHODSFINDINGS

Overall study

Collect data

Analyse data

Overall study

Collect data

Analyse data

Overall study

Collect data

Analyse data

STATISTICS

INFORMATIONFACTS

DESCRIPTION

EXAMPLE

ILLUSTRATION

LITERATURE REVIEW/BACKGROUND

NOTE ON

“To make my work looks GOOD, I have to make other people’s

work look BAD”

LITERATURE REVIEW/BACKGROUND

NOTE ON

Warmly acknowledge

Be generous

“In his inspiring paper, Ali (2009) shows.... We develop his foundation in the following ways...”

Accurate

Be Highly SELECTIVEEnsure that they support our

points (RQs)Choose the most recent

Use correct formattingDo not try to impress by

over-referencing

LITERATURE REVIEW/BACKGROUND

NOTES ON

60 CITE?

THE WORK HAS CREDIBILITY

CREDITS TO ORIGINAL AUTHORS

AVOID PLAGIARISM

Ign

oran

ce is not a

n excu

se.

PARENTHETICAL CITATION/IN-TEXT CITATION

According to Jones & Alford (2005) and Westlow (2009), global warming is caused by the emissions from cans of spray cheese.

Recent studies claim that global warming is caused by the emissions from cans of spray cheese (Jones & Alford, 2005; Westlow, 2009).

According to Jones and Alford (2005) and Westlow (2009), global warming is caused by the emissions from cans of spray cheese.ORRecent studies claim that global warming is caused by the emissions from cans of spray cheese (Jones & Alford, 2005; Westlow, 2009).

REFERENCE Jone, A. J. & Alford, K. (2005). Global warming and the current

climate. Climate Trends. 25(3). 56-64.

Westlow, S. R. (2009). The world is warmer. New York: Thomson.

REFER HO10

JOURNALARTICLECONFERENCE vs

Refer hand-out

WRITINGCONTENT2 methods

REVERSE PYRAMID

PYRAMID

WRITINGEvaluate using the check list provided

CONTENTHands-on 5

WRITINGPARAGRAPH

Data without its applicationsData without scientific discussion

Insufficient reviews of the literature

AVOID

CONCLUSIONW

RIT

ING

TH

E Midastouchit is about leaving a magical impact

Intro repeatingNearest closing

Objective emphasisQuotation

Anecdote closingNatural closing

SummaryDirect statement

TYPES

FORFORMEDIT

GRAMMAR

Disturbing

Critical

Average

Adapted from Funk, McMahan & Day (2000). The Craft of

Editing.Springer-Verlag

Run-on sentenceIts/it’sSpelling mistakes:

effect/affect

Mechanics: list, bullets, commaNon-parallelVerb disagreement

Different from/thanCompare with/toSplit infinitive

MECHANICS OF WRITING

LIST?

Parallel?

Punctuation?

QUOTATION?PARAGRAPHING?

CO

NTR

OLLIN

G S

EN

TEN

CE?

COLON?COMMA?

CLARITYPrecisionChoice of words

ANY STRUCTURE OR HIERARCHY?

Unstructured

REPORT Unstructured

KITCHEN

GRAPHICSIN

CLU

DIN

GAccording to purpose

Have convention

Must have reference in text

Reference is close to the illustration/figure/table

Must have caption and numbering

Avoid “figure above” or “figure below”

EDITFORFORMHands-on 6

PAPERSBEINGREASONSFOR

WHYPUBLISH?

Research is complete only when the results are shared with the scientific community

(first sentence of Chapter

1, Publication Manual of the APA)

Scientific journals are the repository

of the accumulated knowledge in a field

TIPSON SELECTING

LIST 10 PEER REVIEWED

JOURNALS IN YOUR FIELD

NEVER SUBMIT TO A JOURNAL

YOU NEVER READ

TALK TO YOUR LIBRARIAN

JOURNALS

A proper choice can make a larger impact of the research

Get to know the focus and readership of the journal that you are considering.

Does your referencescite journals in the appropriate area?

CRITERIA in choosing a

JOURNALSc

op

e o

f jo

urn

al

Ind

exin

g

Imp

act

fact

or

Pu

blic

atio

n f

req

uen

cy

Du

rati

on

to

pu

blis

h

Du

rati

on

of

revi

ew

Frie

nd

lines

s o

f ed

ito

r

Rej

ecti

on

rat

e

Ref

eren

ce

SECTION 9

EXAMPLECONFERENCE&JOURNALARTICLES

CONCEPT PAPERS? SUPPORTING THEORIES? RESULTS? PROTOTYPE?

ICOCI (Scopus)

KMICE (ISI)

ICSE (IEEE)

ISI-indexed

EMERALD JOURNAL(Scopus)

ELSEVIER JOURNAL

SECTION 9

INDEXEDJOURNAL?

IEEE(IEL /IEEE Xplore)

Ei

Scopus(ScieVerse)

ACM

CO

MP

EN

DEX

ELSEVIER

ISI (Thompson)

WEB

OF S

CIEN

CE

SECTION 9

LEVELS ofPRESTIGE

CONFERENCE

NON-INDEXED JOURNAL

INDEXED JOURNAL

is a measure of the scientific prestige of scholarly sources: value of weighted citations per document.

Average number of times articles from the journal published in the past two years have been cited in the JCR year.

Why impact factors and all?

2.5 million publications/year...Reading publications is impossible!

IMPACTFACTOR&SJR?

SECTION 9

IMPACTFACTOR&SJR?

E.g., the 2009 Impact factor for the journal JIT =

Number of times articles published in JIT during 2007 & 2008 were cited in indexed journals* during 2009

Number of articles published in JIT in 2007 & 2008)

*Only references in articles within the journals indexed in Web of Science are counted; does not

include citations that may cite the articles in JIT from book chapters, proceedings, or other journals

that are not indexed in Web of Science

SECTION 9

IMPACTFACTOR&SJR?

E.g., the 2009 SJR for the journal ABC =

year 2009 weighted citation* to 2008+2007+2006 articlesTotal number of articles published in 2008+2007+2006

*Only references in articles within the journals indexed in Scopus are counted

SECTION 9

(whatever the reason, in my heart, I believe that There is no replacement for reading papers!! )

Read Handout 5 –Impact factor game

"Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can

be counted." -Albert Einstein

SECTION 9

NOTE!

Journal metrics should only be compared

across the same discipline or sub-discipline,

due to varying citation traditions.

At present, none of the journal ranking tools

adequately categorise multi-disciplinary

journals.

!! KNOW YOUR FIELD.

All ACM journals need ACM classification.

-can obtain

related journals

related conferences

dl.a

cm.o

rg/c

cs_f

lat.

cfm

JOURNALARTICLESADHERING TO THE FORMAT

Sure way to annoy a reviewer: do a poor job of

formatting your paper

Many journal editors are

going to do a format

check before the reviewer

even sees the manuscript

JOURNALARTICLESADHERING TO THE FORMAT

JICT-UUM –refer format

IJHCS-AP–refer format

http://jict.uum.edu.my

http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622846/authorinstructions

THE

PR

OC

ESS

of

pu

blis

hin

g a

pap

erin

a jo

urn

al

Every review is gold dust

Be truly grateful for criticism as well

as praise

(This is really, really, really

hard but it’s really, really,

really, really, really, really Important)

LISTENINGTOYOUR REVIEWERS

SECTION 10

Submission – online/email editor-in-chief ( jict.uum.edu.my)

Technical editor review board/editor-in-chief

Editorial review board – peer review

Results – 2-10 weeks

Acceptance? Reject?

Amendments + rebuttal– 2 weeks

Copyright agreement

Publish 1-2 years

WH

AT’s

SECTION 11

NEXT?STEPS IN PUBLISHING YOUR WORK

1. Pick a time for a bout 2-3 hours DAILY – late night? Early in the

morning? Noon? –the time that you’re most comfortable with.

2. Be discipline, maintain continuity. Write daily or else the

momentum will decrease.

3. Make an outline, build the section with annotations and

references.

4. Pick anywhere to write, not necessarily be in sequence of

sections in the paper.

5. Set target: exampletoday must finish section 3.2.

6. Set a meeting every month with friends for

dicussion/presentation/progress

SECTION 11

FINAL REMARKS:

STRATEGY

Combined with advice from Prof Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Bin Mohd Ihsan, (2010). Catatan pengalaman dan

tatacara penulisan dalam ISI/Jurnal bidang kejuruteraan/sains dan teknologi. Bangi: UKM

Thank