FUNDAMENTAL OF FUNDAMENTAL OF HYDRAULICHYDRAULIC

The Roles of Pressure & FlowThe Roles of Pressure & FlowPressure pushes, or exert forcePressure pushes, or exert forceFlow makes things moveFlow makes things move

Pressure & Flow

What is PressureWhat is Pressure ??

Pressure in Pressure in Confined FluidsConfined Fluids

Pascal’s LawPascal’s Law

Pressure & Force RelationshipPressure & Force Relationship

P = FA

P = Pressure

F = Force

A = Area

Hydraulic LeverHydraulic Lever

Mechanical Lever

Energy Transfer in the Hydraulic leverEnergy Transfer in the Hydraulic lever

(A) (B)

(C)

(D)

Flow Makes it MovesFlow Makes it Moves

What is Flow

Velocity & Flow RateVelocity & Flow Rate

Velocity Flow Rate

Flow Rate Flow Rate and Speedand Speed

Pressure and ForcePressure and ForceThe Formation of The Formation of PressurePressure

The Path of Least The Path of Least ResistanceResistance

Trouble in Trouble in Equipment Using Equipment Using Oil PressureOil Pressure

Natural PressureNatural Pressure

The Role of GravityThe Role of Gravity

The The Weight of Weight of a Fluida Fluid

What Causes What Causes PressurePressure

Loads Create Loads Create PressurePressure

Pressure in Pressure in Parallel Parallel ConnectionConnection

Hydraulic Hydraulic Power in the Power in the Working Working CylinderCylinder

FlowFlow

FlowFlow

Increasing Flow Increasing Flow Rate Brings Rate Brings Increased SpeedIncreased Speed

Flow Closing Flow Closing Relief Valve Will Relief Valve Will Not Increased Not Increased SpeedSpeed

Hydraulic Systems Hydraulic Systems and Energyand Energy

Mechanical EnergyMechanical Energy

Pressure EnergyPressure Energy(Kinetic Energy)(Kinetic Energy)

Mechanical EnergyMechanical Energy

Hydraulics and WorkHydraulics and Work

The Three The Three Elements of Elements of WorkWork

Hydraulic System Hydraulic System ComponentsComponents

The Hydraulic JackThe Hydraulic Jack

Hydraulic Cylinder OperationHydraulic Cylinder Operation

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

(5) (6)

(7) (8)

Pump ClassificationPump Classification

What is a pumpWhat is a pump PositifPositif PumpPumpNon Non PositifPositif PumpPump

Types of Hydraulic Types of Hydraulic PumpsPumps

Piston Pumps:Piston Pumps:

Hydraulic Pump DisplacementHydraulic Pump Displacement

Fixed Displacement PumpFixed Displacement Pump

Constant Displacement

Engine OutputFixed flow

Pressure Set pressure

Flow

Hydraulic Output

Variable Displacement PumpVariable Displacement Pump

Set pressure

Engine Output

Pressure

Flow

Hydraulic Output

Variable Flow

Construction

Actuator ClassificationActuator Classification

What are Actuators?What are Actuators?

(A) (B)

Hydraulic CylinderHydraulic Cylinder

(A) (B)

Hyd

rau

lic

Mo

tor

Hyd

rau

lic

Mo

tor

Types of Types of Hydraulic Hydraulic MotorMotor

DisplaceDisplacement ment and and TorqueTorque

Valve ClassificationValve Classification

Pressure Control Valves

Directional Control ValveDirectional Control ValveVolume Control ValvesVolume Control Valves

Pre

ssu

re C

on

tro

l V

alv

es

Pre

ssu

re C

on

tro

l V

alv

es

Directional Control ValvesDirectional Control Valves

Check ValvesCheck Valves

Spool Directional ValveSpool Directional Valve

Volume Control ValvesVolume Control Valves

Volume Control valveVolume Control valve Proportional Flow Proportional Flow DividerDivider

Circuit Diagram (Circuit Diagram (NetralNetral))

Circuit Diagram (Extend)Circuit Diagram (Extend)

Line ClassificationLine Classification

Advantages of Hydraulic SystemAdvantages of Hydraulic System

a. Flexibilitya. Flexibility b. Force Multiplicationb. Force Multiplication

c. Smoothnessc. Smoothnessd. Simplicityd. Simplicitye. Compactnesse. Compactnessf. Economyf. Economyg. Safetyg. Safety

Disadvantages of Hydraulic SystemDisadvantages of Hydraulic System

Need for Need for Good Good MaintenanceMaintenance