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rurProlcGBlr tlnhoilmomtlDuringmore han20 years,he author, s a collaboratorithAmerican,EuropeanndLatinAmericanlectronicsagazines*,aspublishedlargeassortmentfpracticalircuits sing ommon arts.Nowmany f thoseprojectsre ncludedn thisvolume,mostofwhich oucanbuildnoneevening.heprojectsangerom un ypes hrough racticaltypeso amusementypes.Of course,hereareotherdeviceshatcan beused oteach ousomethingbout ircuits r components.An mportanteature f heses rojectsre he deasoExplore,ntendedorstudentsookingorprojectsnscience r o use npracticalesearch.Wecanconsiderhisbookas a source ookoftheeasiest nd un-to-makeof hehundredsfprojectsreated ndpublishedy heauthor uringheselastyears.But,as theprojects re n a wide angeof types,we should eparateheelectronicsxperimentersnto wogroups:heoneswhowant o improve rexpand omeotherareaof theirelectronicsnterest, uchas computers,radio,nstrumentation,udio, ecurity ndevengames; nd he oneswhowant o learn omethingboutelectronicircuits nddevices rwantnewideasouse n science rojects.Most f heprojectsescribedereinanbestand-alones ndividualcces-sories; hereverossiblehecircuitsave een esignedo hat hey anbeganged ithoneormore ther rojects.orexample, any rojectsf audioetfects rgeneratorsanbeganged ithaudio mplifiersrhigh-powerut-putstages.All heprojectsresimple, ithew ow-costomponentshatcanbemadenoneevening fwork.Tomake t easy or he readero chooseheprojects eadded odes ftereachitle o ndicatehekindofexperimenterforhomheyare ntended:hecode P"(Practical)ndicates project uilt orpracticalse.Thecode E'(Experimental)ndicateshat heprojects intendedor heexperimenteroteach omethingbout ircuits r devlces.

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trolrccOf course, ou canalso ind projectswithboth codes E and P)which andther be mountedo teachsomething rknd be used ora practical nd.Thepresentationsf the projects re practical. lectronicsomponentsrelistedwitheachcircuitdiagram. utsecondary artssuchas sockets, has-sis,enclosures, iscellaneousardware nd so on, are notspecified, incethe readers free o choose hesenon-criticaltemsaccordingo hisprefer-encesand demands.Themanner n which he circuitsworkandcan be modifieds explainednpracticalermsso the reader anacquire omeknowledge f practical lec-tronicsas he progresseshroughhe book.Althoughmanyof theprojectsweenjoyed onstructings heyaredescribedhere, oumay hinkof possiblemodifications.e ustrecommendhatyougoaheadand modifyhe circuitso yourpersonal nds.There sa wide atitudein circuitmodificationsndmostof themwillbe of value o the experimentewhowants o see how hingswork,even hougheachproject's rimaryntentis or hebuilderwhodesires functionaltemof equipments heresult f hiswork.As thebook ncludes asy-to-buildrojects,heauthorhopes twill helpyouto learnmanyof the undamentalsf electronicsnaneasyand unway,and,if you'rea student, rovide source orschoolprojects.

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. Mini-Projectss he itleof a column ublishedy heauthor uring everayears na Brazilian lectronics agazine amedEletr6nicaTotalTotalElec-tronics).