Chap. 3- 1

FUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAINFUN FACTS ABOUT YOUR BRAIN

- the human Central Nervous System (CNS) weighs approximately __ pounds; largest existingbrain is approximately __ lbs (sperm whale)

- there are approximately ___________ neuronsin the CNS; that’s 100 000 000 000100 000 000 000 !!!!!!!

- each of these neurons makes between _____________________ connections with other neurons

- number of connections in the cortex alone hasbeen estimated to ____________

- the size of a neuron varies from _____________________________________

- length of one of the longest axon known: ______(from giraffe’s toe to neck)

- conduction of action potential varies, in differentaxons, from ______________

NEURONNEURON (biological psych definition): ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chap. 3- 3

PARTS OF A NEURONPARTS OF A NEURON:

1. _________________________________2. _______________________________________3. ______________________________________________

______________________________________________4. ______________________________________________5. _______________________6. __________________________7. ______________________

}

12

37

4 5

6

}

Chap. 3- 4

Golgi stain

Golgi stain

Nissl stain

TYPES OF NEURONS (according to structure):TYPES OF NEURONS (according to structure):

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Chap. 3- 5

AP

dendrites

axonimpulse

AP = where ActionPotential is created

APdendrite

axon

impulse

dendritesAP impulse

axon

TYPES OF NEURONS (according to function):TYPES OF NEURONS (according to function):

1. SENSORY NEURONS: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. MOTOR NEURONS: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. INTERNEURONS or INTRINSIC NEURONS:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chap. 3- 6

Chap. 3- 7

NEURAL COMMUNICATIONTHE SYNAPSE: ________________________________________________________________________________

FUN FACTS ABOUT SYNAPSES (<Gk. “to jointogether”)

1. A synapse occurs ________________________________________________________.

2. Types of synapses based on structure:

(a.) ___________

(b.) ___________

(c.) ___________

3. Types of synapses based on neurotransmitter and post-synaptic receptor

Examples: Excitatory synapses - __________- __________

Inhibitory synapses - __________- __________

Modulatory synapses - __________

dendrites

soma

axon presynapticterminals

Chap. 3- 8

4. Relational terms: pre-synaptic vs. post-synaptic

5. Gross anatomy of the synapse:(a.) ________ (h.) ______________(b.) __________________(c.) ____________________(d.) _________________________(e.) __________________(f.) __________________________(g.) _________________________

Neuron A

impulse

Neuron B

abc

d

f

hg

e

Chap. 3- 9

PARTS OF A NEURONPARTS OF A NEURON :1. BASIC CELLULAR COMPONENTS -

a. CELL MEMBRANE - the “skin” of the neurons;b. CYTOPLASM - everything inside the “skin”

Chap. 3-10

Dendrite: Cell extensionthat collects informationfrom other cells

Dendritic spine: Smallprotrusions on dendritesphat increase surface area

Nucleus: Central structure containingthe chromosome and genes

Nuclear membrane: Membranesurrounding the nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum: Foldedlayers of membrane whereproteins are assembled

Golgi body or apparatus:membranous structurethat packages proteinmolecules for transport

Mitochondria: Structure thatgathers, stores, and releases energy

Intracellular fluid: Fluid in which thecell’s internal structures are suspended

Microtubules: Tiny tubes thattransport molecules and help give the cell its shapeCell membrane: Membranesurrounding the cell

Axon: Extension thattransmits information fromcell body to other cells

Lysosomes: Sacscontaining enzymesthat break down wastes

Microfilaments:threadlike fibersmaking up much ofthe cell’s “skeleton”

EXAMPLES OF WHAT CHROMOSOMES (DNA) CONTROL:

1. _____________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________

6. _____________________________________________

7. _____________________________________________

8. _____________________________________________

Chap. 3-11

SUPPORTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUSSUPPORTING CELLS OF THE NERVOUSSYSTEM = SYSTEM = ____________

1. Oligodendrocytes : _______________________________________________________________

2. Schwann cells : __________________________________________________________________

3. Astrocytes : ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Microglia : ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Ependymal cells: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chap. 3-12

Chap. 3-13

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells

Chap. 3-14

Examples of astrocytes in the brain:

Brain photo Cartoon reconstruction