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JOURNAL OF

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 4 (1) (2011) 55-61Engineering

Technology

Research Article

Application of Taguchi approach and Utility Concept in solving the Multi-objective

roble! when turning A"S" #$# Austenitic Stainless Steel

M% &aladhar'()

( &% *% Subbaiah#( Ch% Srinivasa Rao

# and &% +arayana Rao

,

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh,

India! Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra "ni#ersity, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

$ Department of Mechanical Engineering,%o#ernment Polytechnic,Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Received 18 August 2010; Revised 19 October 2010; Accepted 2 Ja!uar" 2011

Abstract

#he traditio!al #aguchi $ethod is %idel" used &or opti$i'i!g the process para$eters o& a si!gle respo!se proble$( Opti$i'a)tio!

o& a si!gle respo!se results the !o!)opti$u$ values &or re$ai!i!g( *ut+ the per&or$a!ce o& the $a!u&actured products is o&te!

evaluated b" several ,ualit" characteristics-respo!ses( U!der such circu$sta!ces+ $ulti)characteristics respo!se opti$i)'atio!

$a" be the solutio! to opti$i'e $ulti)respo!ses si$ulta!eousl"( .! the prese!t %or/+ a $ulti)characteristics respo!se opti$i'atio!

$odel based o! #aguchi a!d Utilit" co!cept is used to opti$i'e process para$eters+ such as speed+ &eed+ depth o& cut+ a!d !ose

radius o! $ultiple per&or$a!ce characteristics+ !a$el"+ sur&ace rough!ess Ra a!d $aterial re$oval rate RR duri!g tur!i!g

o& A.3. 202 auste!itic stai!less steel usi!g a 456 coated ce$e!ted carbide tool( #aguchi7s L8 orthogo)!al arra" OA is selected

&or eperi$e!tal pla!!i!g( #he eperi$e!tal result a!al"sis sho%ed that the co$bi!atio! o& higher levels o& cutti!g speed+ depth

o& cut+ a!d !ose radius a!d lo%er level o& &eed is esse!tial to achieve si$ulta!eous $ai$i'a)tio! o& $aterial re$oval rate a!d

$i!i$i'atio! o& sur&ace rough!ess( #he ANO5A a!d F)tests are used to a!al"'e the results(

ur!her" !he confir#a!ion !e$!$ are conduc!ed and !he re$u

&ey'ords ulti respo!se Opti$i'atio!+ #aguchi $ethod+ Utilit" co!cept+ auste!itic stai!less steel+ 456 coated carbide tool+ 3ur&ace

rough!ess : RR(

'% "ntroduction

Surface roughne$$ ha$ %eco#eo& eperi$e!ts!he#o$!6O+%hich$ignifican!iso!eo&the$osti$porta!t!echnicaa!d

,uire$e!t a!d it is a! i!de o& product ,ualit"( .! order to i$prove efficien! !ool$ of !o!al &uali

the tribological properties+ &atigue stre!gth+ corrosio! resista!ce high ,ualit" s"ste$s at reduced cost( #aguchi e$phasi'es o! the

and ae$!he!ic a''eal of !he fac!'roduc!"!ha! auali!yrea$ona%ly'rovide$good $urro%

ish is desired( No%ada"s+ the $a!u&acturi!g i!dustries speciall" trollable &actors i! the $a!u&acturi!g state( #his approach helps to

are &ocusi!g their atte!tio! o! di$e!sio!al accurac" a!d sur&ace reduce the large !u$ber o& eperi$e!tal trials %he! the !u$ber

fini$h *n order !o o%!ain o'!i#alo&processpara$eterscu!!ingi!creases(ost o& 'ara#e!er$the%or/shavebee!pub) !o a %e$! 'o$$i%le $urface

fini$h"lished#anufac!uringso&ar&ocusedo!si!glerespo!se per&or$a!ceindu$!rie$characteristic have to the use o& ha!dboo/ based i!&or$atio!

a!d operators7 eperi) opti$i'atio! b" usi!g #aguchi approach + + + + + ence Thi$ !radi!ional 'rac!ice+(

lead$*utthe#aguchi!oapproachi#'ro'er isdesig!ed&or opti$i'i!g$urface

decrease i! the productivit" due to sub)opti$al use o& $achi!i!g !he $ingle re$'on$e 'ro%le#$ *

capabilit"( #his causes high $a!u&acturi!g cost a!d lo% product respo!se proble$s ( Opti$i'atio! o& a si!gle respo!se results

,ualit" ( the !o!)opti$u$ values &or re$ai!i!g respo!ses( .! solvi!g $a!"

*n addi!ion !o !he $urface proble$sfini$he!gi!eeri!g+&uali!y"is!ecessar"to co!sider !hethe#a!erialapplicatio!

rate RR is also a! i$porta!t characteristic i! tur!i!g opera) o& $ulti)respo!se opti$i'atio!+ because the per&or$a!ce o& the

tio! a!d high RR is al%a"s desirable ( e!ce+ there is a $a!u&actured products is o&te! evaluated b" several ,ualit" char)

!eed to opti$i'e the process para$eters i! a s"ste$atic %a" to acteristics-respo!ses( #hough the #aguchi approach is used &or a

achieve the output characteristics-respo!ses b" usi!g eperi$e!) si!gle respo!se proble$+ $ost o& the researchers proposed varioustal $ethods a!d stastical $odels( 6r( #aguchi e$plo"ed desig! $ethods &or $ulti)respo!se proble$ b" $odi&"i!g it ( 3o$e

of !he re$earcher$ ha$ %een eff

+ E-#ail addre$$, aladhar2.g#ailco#*SS/, 11-2 B 2011 3avala *n$!i!u!e of Technology ll righ!$ re$erved

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M &aladhar, & V (u))aiah, *h (rini#asa +ao and & Narayana +ao -ournal of Engineering (cience and Technology +e#ie' . /10 /!110 22341

a!d utilit" co!cept &or $ulti)respo!se opti$i'atio! &or various 3i'e 25 ## 0## processes such as &ace $illi!g + gas tu!gste! arc %eldi!g + 4utti!g t i!serts 4NC 120D08+ 4NC 120D0D 34O $a/e#agne!ic-field-a$$i$!ed a%ra$ive flow #achining 7189" :-'r

casti!g + electro)che$ical ho!i!g + ther$o&or$i!g process #ool $aterial 456 coated ce$e!ted carbide #E)200

#ool holder ; $'eo& pol"$eric &oa$s + tur!i!g o& Free)$achi!i!g ( A.3. 202

au$!eni!ic $!ainle$$ $!eel find$#oolholder i!$6r" $achi!i!ga''lica!ion in genera a!d process)i!dustr" $achi!er" a!d e,uip$e!t+ electrical

$achi!)er"-e,uip$e!t+ auto$otive i!dustr"+ 3tructural+ bus bod" etc(+ (

*ut+ it is &ou!d that !o %or/ has bee! reported i! the literature Table ,% Erocess para$eters a!d levels used i! the eperi$e!t(o! $ulti)respo!se opti$i'atio! o& sur&ace rough!ess a!d $aterial

re$oval rate i! tur!i!g o& A.3. 202 auste!itic stai!less steel( .! the Code rocess para!eters evel ' evel #

prese!t i!vestigatio!+ a $ulti characteristics opti$i'atio! $odel A 4utti!g speed $-$i! 111 200

based o! #aguchi $ethod a!d utilit" co!cept has bee! e$plo"ed to * 6epth o& cut $$ 0(2 0(@

deter$i!e the best co$bi!atio! o& the $achi!i!g para$eters such 4 Feed $$-rev( 0(1 0(2

as cutti!g speed+ &eed+ depth o& cut a!d !ose radius to attai! the6 Nose radius $$ 0(D 0(8

$i!i$u$ sur&ace rough!ess a!d $ai$u$ RR si$ulta!eousl"(

The 'redic!ive #odel$ o%!ained) for 'erfor#ance #ea$ure$

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Ior/ speci$e!A.3. 202 auste!itic stai!less steel Taguchi Approach

aterial#he reaso! %h" 6esig! o& eperi$e!t 6O is selected rather

?

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tha! the other approaches to co!duct eperi$e!t is that it has a per&or$a!ce $easure to choose co!trol levels( #he 3-N ratio co!)

s"ste$atic pla!!i!g o& eperi$e!ts( #aguchi tech!i,ue &or 6O siders both the $ea! a!d the variabilit"( .! the prese!t %or/+ a $ul)

has bee! the $ost %idel" used tech!i,ue &or the last t%o decades( ti)respo!se $ethodolog" based o! #aguchi tech!i,ue a!d Utilit"

O!e o& the i$porta!t steps i!volved i! #aguchi7s tech!i,ue is se) co!cept is used &or opti$i'i!g the $ulti)respo!ses Ra a!d RR(

lectio! o& orthogo!al arra" OA(Ihich %ill &urther help to co!) #aguchi proposed $a!" di&&ere!t possible 3-N ratios to obtai! the

duct eperi$e!ts to deter$i!e the opti$u$ level &or each proc) opti$u$ para$eters setti!g ( #%o o& the$ are selected &or the

ess para$eters a!d establish the relative i$porta!ce o& i!dividual prese!t %or/( #hose are+ 3$aller the better t"pe 3-N ratio &or Ra+ process para$eters( A! OA is a s$all set &ro$ all possibilities

%hich helps to deter$i!e least !o(o& eperi$e!ts( #o obtai! op)

ti$u$ process para$eters setti!g+ #aguchi proposed a statistical

$easure o& per&or$a!ce called sig!al to !oise ratio ( #his ra) Larger the better 3-N ratio &or RR

tio co!siders both the $ea! a!d the variabilit"( .! additio! to 3-N1ra!io" />: i$ u$ed !o indica!e)

!he influence of 'roce$$@ A10 log

2

eters o! per&or$a!ce $easures(72 9 10

MRR

Utility Concept Fro$ the utilit" co!cept+ the $ulti)respo!se 3-N ratio o& theoverall utilit" value is give! b"

uali!y i$ a ey a!!ri%u!e !ha! cu$!o#er$ u$e !o evalua!e

or services( 3o the $oder! ,ualit" co!trol a!d i$prove$e!t pro) 1

gra$s have to $a/e their products $ore acceptable b" the cus)

to$ers( O! the other ha!d+ custo$er evaluates a product per&or$)

a!ce based o! a !u$ber o& diverse ,ualitative characteristics( #o

i$prove the ratio!al decisio! $a/i!g+ the evaluatio!s o& various

attributes should be co$bi!ed to give a co$posite i!de( 3uch a

co$posite i!de is /!o%! as utilit" o& a product( #he su$ o&

utilities o& each ,ualit" attribute represe!ts the overall utilit" o& a

'roduc! *! i$ difficul!

ess para$eters+ %he! there are $ulti)respo!ses to be opti$i'ed(

The ado'!ion of weigh!$ in situatio!s b" di&&ere!tiati!g the

relative i$porta!ce o& various re)spo!ses ( .& 5i represe!ts the$easure o& e&&ective!ess o& i th process respo!se characteristica!d n represe!ts !o( o& respo!ses+ the! the overall utilit" &u!ctio!ca! be %ritte! as

%here " 51+ 52 ((( 5n is the overall utilit" o& ! process respo!se

characteristics a!d " i 5i is utilit" o& i th respo!se characteristic(Assig!$e!t o& %eights is based o! the re,uire$e!ts a!d priori)ties

a$o!g the various respo!ses( #here&ore the ge!eral &or$ or %eighted

&ro$ o& ,(1 ca! be epressed as

Ihere Ihere 6 i is the %eight assig!ed to the i th

respo!se characteristic(

,% Results and Analysis

#he obective o& the prese!t %or/ is to $i!i$i'e sur&ace rough)!ess a!d

$ai$i'e the RR i! tur!i!g process opti$i'atio!( #he &ollo%i!ge,uatio! is used to calculate RR+

A

Fro$ #able D+ T K1(D@8

Ihere

ηefficiency KN-1Gdof o& all

para$eters associated to

that level+

V error K0(0@2 &ro$ #able @+

7 9+1+= K10(1

The 'redic!ed o'!i#al

range tai!ed as+

RRK f # d c$=-$i! μ Ihere f is&eed rate

Ihere 6 1 : 6 2 are the %eights assig!ed to the Ra a!dRR( Assig!$e!t o& %eights to the per&or$a!ce characteristicsare based o! eperie!ce o& e!gi!eers+ custo$er7s re,uire$e!tsa!d their priorities( .! the prese!t %or/ e,ual i$porta!ce is give!

&or both Ra a!d RR( #here&ore 6 1 : 6 2 K 0((

!o o%!ain !he %e$! co#%ina!ion4eter!ination of opti!al range for Surface roughness and

!heMRR atu!ili!ysingleresponse stage2conce'! hel' in !hi

Eer&or$a!ce o& Ra at the opti$u$ co!ditio!s based o! esti$atedaverage

B 10C118A148

K 0(@

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i! $$-rev+ # is cutti!g speed i!

$-$i!+ d is depth o& cut i! $$(

#

a

g

uch

i

tec

h!i,ue

uses 3-N

ratio as a

@

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Eer&or$a!ce o& RR at the opti$u$ co!ditio!s

based o! esti$ated average

1=225C2000A1555

2= 2@(@@

A

Fro$ #able D+ T K1(

Table 5% ANO5A results &or

3ur&ace rough!ess Ra(

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Source SS 467 MS 7 C 819

A 0(1== 1 0(1== 1(8D@ (1?1

: 0(192 1 0(192 2(??? @(D0

C 1(8= 1 1(8= 21(98? ?1(D28

4 0(??9 1 0(??9 9(291 2(9?0

Error 0(21? = 0(0@2 0(08=8

Total 2(@@ @

Table ;%

$aterial re$oval rate RR(

V error K2?(@@&ro$ #able 8+

7 9+1+= K10(1Source SS 467 MS 7

C 819

A :

CThe 'redic!ed o'!i#alrange 4 a!

tai!ed as+Error

Total

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18(D20 1 18(D20 (9?0 20(?9@

D8=(?0 1 D8=(?0 18(19? ?=(18=

120(901 1 120(901 D(D9 1(@95D confidence level i$ o

2(D@ 1 2(D@ 0(09= 0(=2=

@9(@=2 = 2?(@@ 0(10D

@?(D01 @

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Analysis of Multi- response stage

#he opti$al co$bi!atio! o& process para$eters A2)*2)41)62

Analysis of Single response stage&or si$ulta!eous opti$i'atio! o& 3ur&ace rough!ess Ra a!d $a)

terial re$oval rate RR is obtai!ed b" the $ea! values o& the#he opti$al setti!gs a!d the predicted opti$al values &or sur&ace $ulti)respo!se 3-N ratio o& the overall utilit" value are sho%! i!rough!ess a!d RR are deter$i!ed i!dividuall" b" #aguchi7s #able 10( Accordi!g to the #able 11 &or the results o& ANO5Aapproach( #able ? sho%s these i!dividual opti$al values a!d its $ultiple per&or$a!ce characteristics+ depth o& cut D(D=9 iscorre$'onding $e!!ing$ of !he 'roce$$ 'ara#e!er$ for !he $

per&or$a!ce characteristics( Further+ the ANO5A is used to deter) !he #o$! $ignifican! 'ara#e!er

$i!e the opti$u$ co$bi!atio! o& process para$eters $ore accu)

b" the cutti!g speed ==(DD2(#he perce!t co!tributio! o& the

!ose radius 11(1?9 is lo%er a!d the &eed is $uch lo%er+ bei!gratel" b" i!vestigati!g the relative i$porta!ce o& process para$) 0(9D8( #he error co!tributio! 1(9@= reveals that the i!terac)eters (#ables @ : 8 reveal the results o& ANO5A &or Ra a!d

tio! e&&ect o& the process para$eters is !egligible(RR respectivel"( .t is observed that the &eed ?1(D28 is $ost

$ignifican!lyinfluence$ !he Rafollowed %y no$eradiu$ (2

Table

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1 1 1 1 )2(D11D8 12(=8@08 D(98@80=

1 1 2 2 )=(8?2D9 1?(82D0? ?(D80@8D

1 2 1 2 1(@98189 21(9291 11(8?=8

1 2 2 1 )8(@D2=2 2?(=??D9 8(812082

2 1 1 2 =(0980=9 1@(012= 10(299?=

2 1 2 1 )D(?@1 21(9=82 8(?=12@

2 2 1 1 )2(2@88@ 2@(0D=? 12(=82=9

2 2 2 2 )D(21?8 =1(D80?= 1=(D@9D@

o)s

Table '$% ea!s o& @ at di&&ere!t levels(

Mean values of ηo)s

evel = rocess para!eters A * 4 6

1 8(0=? @(? 9(88= 8(@0=

2 11(198 11(?=D 9(=1 10(=1

8

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Table ''% ANO5A results &or $ulti)respo!se case(

Source SS 467 MS 7 C 819

A 19(998 1 19(998 0(8D2 ==(DD2

: =2(D 1 =2(D 82(@2 D(D=9

C 0(?@0 1 0(?@0 1(DD1 0(9D8

4 ?(?@9 1 ?(?@9 1?(9@8 11(1?9

Error 1(18 = 0(=9== 1(9@=

Total 9(@98 @

"nterpretation of plots

#he data is give! i! #ables D)@ a!d plots are developed %ith the

help o& a so&t%are pac/age .N.#A* 1D( #hese results are a!a)

lyFed u$ing />: for !he 'ur'o$e of iden!ifying !he $igni &actors+ %hich a&&ect the sur&ace rough!ess a!d $aterial re$oval

rate( #he above plots sho% the variatio! o& i!dividual respo!se%ith the &our para$eters i(e( cutti!g speed+ &eed+ depth o& cut a!d

!ose radius separatel"( .! the plots+ the )ais i!dicates the value o&

each process para$eter at t%o level a!d ")ais the respo!se value(

ori'o!tal li!e i!dicates the $ea! value o& the respo!se( Figure 1

sho%s the $ai! e&&ect plot &or sur&ace rough!ess( #he results sho%

that %ith the i!crease i! cutti!g speed a!d the !ose radius there is a!

i!cre$e!t i! Ra value( #he &eed a!d the depth o& cut are directl"

proportio!al to the correspo!di!g Ra values( Figure 2 sho%s the

$ai! e&&ect plot &or RR( .t is observed that the $ai$u$ RR is

obtai!ed at the 200$-$i! o& cutti!g speed+ 0(2$$-rev o& &eed7igure #% ai! e&&ect plot &or RR

and 05## de'!h of cu! The fla! line al#o$! $how$ !ha! !h

little e&&ect due to !ose radius( Figure = sho%s the opti$u$ levelso& process para$eters &or the $ulti)respo!se opti$i'atio! are thus

deter$i!ed to be A2)*2)41)62( Figure D illustrates the i!teractio!

e&&ects o& process para$eters &or the $ulti)respo!se opti$i'atio!(

.t is observed that the li!es are parallel to each other i! the plots( .&

the li!es are parallel a!d !ot overlappi!g the! there is little or !o

evide!ce o& a! i!teractio! i! the para$eters( #here is less i!terac)

tio! e&&ect bet%ee! the &eed a!d !ose radius(

Table '#% 4o$pariso! o& Results(

erfor- 6p- redicted 1 Actual con-

!ance ti!al opti!al Confidencefirmation

charac- setting values interval e.peri!ent

teristics level 8C"CE9 values 7igure ,% ai! e&&ects plot &or ulti)respo!se 3-N ratioSingle- Ra A2)*1) 0(D? $ 0(?9=$

response 41)62

opti!i@a-

RR

A2)*2) =1(0 c$=- =@(

tion 42)62 $i! c$=-$i!

Multi-response Ra+ A2)*2)

1D(=9d* 12(88d*opti!i@a- RR 41)62

tion

Optimality Confirmation:

O!ce the opti$al level is selected+ the !et step is to predict a!d

veri&" the i$prove$e!t o& the value o& $ultiple respo!ses o&

A.3.202(#he predicted opti$al value @opt ca! be calculated b"$ea!s o& additive la%(

7igure '% ai! e&&ect plot &or Ra

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7igure 3% .!teractio! plot &or ulti)respo!se

9

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Ihere mK overall $ea! o& @%ith eight trials; mi8$aK 3-N

ratio at opti$al level a!d para$eter; n is the !u$ber o& $ai! de)sig!i!g para$eters that a&&ect the $achi!i!g process( #he pre)dicted

opti$al 3-N ratio o& $ultiple respo!ses @opt &or the opti)$u$ para$eter levels A2)*2)41)62 is 1D(=9 d*( .! order to validate+

the eperi$e!t t%o trials is co!ducted accordi!g to the opti$al

para$eters levels A2)*2)41)62 a!d the correspo!di!g values o& per&or$a!ce $easures are ta/e!( #he average value o& sur&ace

rough!ess is 1(19$ a!d the calculated value o& RR is

22(c$=-$i!( #he $ulti)respo!se 3-N ratio o& overall utilit" value

@o)s)o%!ained

%y u$ing

E&719) i$

12880d

G The

confiden

ce inval at 9 value o& @opt for !he 'redic!ed #ean on a confir#a!ion

eperi$e!t ru! ca! be co$puted usi!g the &ollo%i!g e,uatio!( 3% Conclusions

#he prese!t %or/ is co!cer!ed %ith eplori!g to deter$i!e theopti$u$ setti!g o& process para$eters &or $ulti)respo!se opti)

$i'atio! duri!g tur!i!g o& A.3. 202 auste!itic stai!less steel us)

i!g 456 coated carbide i!sert( O! the basis o& #aguchi approacha!d Utilit" co!cept+ a $odel %as developed to achieve this( #he

7 9+1+dof error B value a! 5D confidence level B 101H

=8 > wa$ u$ed for e'eri#en!al

V error K0(=9== &ro$ #able 11 respo!se+ opti$al setti!gs a!d opti$al values o& Ra a!d RR %ere obtai!ed i!dividuall"( A!d &ro$ their correspo!di!g ANO)

: re$ul!$" !he feed (61428D)

&ollo%ed b" cutti!g speed 20(?9@ &or Ra+ the depth o& cutdK#otal degree o& &reedo$ i! associated %ith process para$eters( (618D) i$ !he #o$! $ignific

speed 20(?9@ &or RR respo!se( .! seco!d stage $ulti)re)RB Trial nu#%er for confir#a!ion !e$! B2

A A AAspo!se+ the a!al"sis o& $ea!s establishes that a co$bi!atio! o& higher levels o& cutti!g speed+ depth o& cut+ !ose radius a!d lo%er μ B B2 C A2AT

B A2 2 level o& &eed is !ecessar" &or obtai!i!g the opti$al value o& $ul)

B1164C1118 A611 tiple per&or$a!ces( *ased o! the ANO5A a!d F)test a!al"sis+ the

K1=(21 #o$! $!a!i$!ical $ignifican! a

A ess para$eters &or $ultiple per&or$a!ces are depth o& cut+ cutti!g

Fro$ #able 9+ T K9(?1@1 speed+ %hereas &eed a!d !ose radius are less e&&ective( .! both the

#he predicted opti$al ra!ge &or opti$al $ulti)respspo!sestages the i!teractio! e&&ect o& process para$eters is !egligible(#able12 sho%s the results co$pariso!( #he validatio! eperi$e!t

SI/ ra!io a! 5D confidence level i$ o%!ained a$" confir#ed !ha! !he ade&uacy of

&ou!d that the proposed $odel based o! #aguchi approach a!d

Utilit" co!cept is si$ple+ use&ul a!d provides a! appropriate

solu)tio! &or $ulti)respo!se opti$i'atio! proble$s(

References

1( A/asa%a( #( &&ect o& &ree)cutti!g additives o! the $achi!abilit" o& auste) Mor/+ 1982(!itic stai!less steels( J( ater( Erocess( #ech!ol( D=-1DD+ ?? 200=( @( 4( Ma!g : 3()I( u!g+ Opti$isi!g the ther$o&or$i!g process o& pol")

2( A( ( 6ube"( ulti)respo!se opti$i'atio! o& electro)che$ical ho!i!g $eric &oa$s a! approach b" usi!g the #aguchi $ethod a!d the utilit"

usi!g utilit")based #aguchi approach( .!t J Adv a!u& #ech!ol D1+ @D9 co!cept .!t J Adv a!u& #ech!ol 2D+ pp( ==)=?0 200D(

2009( 8( 6( C( #ha/ur+ *( Ra$a$oorth"+ a!d L( 5ia"araghava!( Opti$i'atio! o&

=( A!irba! *hattachar"a+ 3a!ta!u 6as+ E( au$dar+ Aa" *atish( sti$a) ini#u# uan!i!y =u%rica!ion ;ara#e

#he predictio! error K @opt A@o)sB145A1288

K1(1d*

Fro$ the above relatio!+ the predictio! error is %ithi! the respective 4.at 9 value o& 2(0D@?d*( e!ce+ it is observed !ha! fro# !he re$ul!$ of

confir di!ivi!y law #odel i$ u$!ified

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!ion of !he effec! of cu!!ing 'ara#e!er$ perallo".!co!el@18 on&or3ustai!able$urface6evelop$e!tsfini$h(+IorldAcade$"ando& 'owe

su$ptio! duri!g high speed $achi!i!g o& A.3. 10D steel usi!g #aguchi 3cie!ce+ !gi!eeri!g a!d #ech!olog"+ pp( D 2009(

desig! a!d ANO5A( Erod( !g( Res( 6evel(=+ =1 2009( 9( ari 3i!gh( Opti$i'i!g #ool li&e o& 4arbide .!serts &or #ur!ed parts usi!g

D( Australia! 3tai!less 3teel 6evelop$e!t Associatio! A336A( #ech!ical #aguchi7s 6esig! o& peri$e!t Approach( Eroceedi!gs o& .!ter!atio!al

bulleti! 200 series stai!less steel 4RN grades(1 10+ 2 200? ulti 4o!&ere!ce o& !gi!eeri!gs a!d 4o$puter 3cie!tists+ o!g o!g+

( *arua E*+ u$ar E+ Cai!dhar JL(Opti$al setti!g o& process para$eters 2008(

&or $ulti)characteristic products usi!g #aguchi desig! a!d utilit")co!cept) 10? Singh and ; 3u#ar uali!y >'!

a! approach( Eroc .4A.+ U!iversit" o& Roor/ee .!dia+ pp( 8=9)8D2 3teel b" #aguchi ethod( Eroductivit" our!al+ DD 1+ D= 200=(

199@( 11( .!ter!atio!al 3tai!less 3teel Foru$ .33F( A #ech!ical guide to chro$e)

?( *u!! 6( I( A!al"sis &or opti$al decisio!s( Joh! Iile" : 3o!s+ Ne% $a!ga!ese auste!itic stai!less steel a!d advice &or pote!tial guide+ pp(8)

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10+ 200(

12. Li! #( R( Opti$isatio! tech!i,ue &or &ace $illi!g

stai!less steel %ith $ultiple per&or$a!ce characteristics( .!t J

Adv a!u& #ech!ol 19+ ==0 2002(

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$ulti obective precisio! tur!i!g usi!g Cre" relatio!al

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14. Noordi! ( M(+ 5e!/atesh 5( 4(+ 3hari&( 3(+ lti!g( 3(+

Abdullah( A( Ap)plicatio! o& respo!se sur&ace $ethodolog" i!

describi!g the per&or$a!ce o& coated carbide tools %he!

tur!i!g A.3. 10D steel( Jour!al o& aterials Erocessi!g

#ech!olog" 1D+ D? 200D(

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*oo/ 4o$pa!"+ Ne%Mor/+ 199?(

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Opti$i'atio! o& cutti!g pa)ra$eters &or tur!i!g operatio!s

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4o!&ere!ce o! Clobal a!u&acturi!g a!d .!!ovatio!+

4oi$batore+ .!dia+ 200?(

17. 3( #ha$i'h$a!ii+ 3( 3aparudi!+ 3( asa!+ A!al"ses o&

sur&ace rough!ess b" tur!i!g process usi!g #aguchi $ethod+Jour!al o& Achieve$e!ts i! aterials a!d a!u&acturi!g+ 20

2+ 0= 200@(

18Singh S" Shan ? S" 3u#ar

; ;ara# a$$i$!ed a%ra$ive

flow #achining %

.!t+ 182@+ 2002(

19. #ar!g M(

3(+ Ma!g I( (

Opti$i'atio! o&

the %eld beadgeo$etr" i! gas

tu!gste! arc

%eldi!g b" the

#aguchi $ethod(

.!t J Adv a!u&

#ech!ol 1D+ D9

1998(

20. #ata!a 5(

3ibalia+ 5idosav

6( estrovic

Novel Approach

to ulti)

Respo!se

Opti$i'atio! &or

4orrelated

Respo!ses( J( o&

the *ra'( 3oc( o&

ech( 3ci( :

!g( =8+ 1+

2010(

21. #ia!)

3"u!g La!( #aguchi

opti$i'atio! o& ulti

obective 4N4

$achi!i!g usi!g

#OE3.3( .!ter!atio!al

#ech!olog" our!al( 8

?+ 91@ 2009(

for 22(5( N( uali!yCaito!de+ar!i/+

EauloEngineering"6avi$+ultiper&or$

a!ce cKrawOpti$i'atio!-?ill i!

tur!i!g o& Free)$achi!i!g 3teel Usi!g#aguchi ethod a!d Utilit"

co!cept( Jour!al o&

aterials !gi!eeri!g

a!d Eer&or$a!ce+18

=+ 2=1 2009(

23. Mou!g)ug

%a!g et al+ valutio!

o& achi!ibilit"

Accordi!g to the

4ha!ges i! achi!e

tools a!d cooli!g

lubricatio!

e!viro!$e!ts a!d

Opti)$i'atio! o& 4utti!g co!ditio!s

usi!g #aguchi ethod(

.!ter!atio!al our)!al

o& Erocessi!g

!gi!eeri!g a!d

$a!u&acturi!g( 10 =+

? 2009(

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full text 102011

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