Ingls Ficha de Aplicao

10 Ano

Nome:_________________________________________________________________Data:____/_____/______Obser.: __________________Prof.:__________Enc. Ed.:___________________

Concessive clause A concessive clause is a clause which begins with "although" or "even though" and which expresses an idea that suggests the opposite of the main part of the sentence. The sentence "Although he's quiet, he's not shy" begins with a concessive clause- "Although he's quiet " which has an opposite meaning of - "he's not shy" which is the main part of the sentence. NOTE: " In spite of" , " despite" have similar meaning to "although" or "even though". BUT they don't introduce clauses. They have different syntax. They are followed by nouns or gerunds (verb+ing.) They don't introduce a clause (subject + verb.) Although, even though:Study these examples:"He had enough money."" He refused to buy a new car."The above two statements can be combined as follows : Although Even thoughhe had enough money,he refused to buy a new car

ORHe refused to buy a new caralthough even thoughhe had enough money.

Structure:"Although", and "even though" introduce concessive clauses. Although /even thoughsubject verb

Examples:Although it was raining, he walked to the station.Even though she is very old, she runs fast. Despite / in spite of:Despite and in spite of do not introduce a concessive clause. They are rather followed by a noun or a verb+ing form. Study this example:"He had enough money.""He refused to buy a new car."The above two statements can be combined as follows : DespiteIn spite of all his money, he refused to buy a new car.

having enough money,

ORHe refused to buy a new cardespitein spite of all his money.

having enough money.

StructureDespite / in spite of+ a noun,

+ verb + ing.

Examples:Despite /in spite of the rain, he walked to the station.Despite /in spite of being tired, he walked to the station. Remember:1. Although, even though + subject + verb (Concessive clause) 3. In spite of, despite + noun or verb+ing (Not a concessive clause) 2. There are structural similarities between: "in spite of", "despite" and "although", "even though" "because of", "due to", "owing to", "thanks to" and "because", "since ,"as", "for". (Expressing cause and effect) In spite of Despite+ noun

Because ofDue toowing toThanks to

AlthoughEven though+ verb

BecauseSinceForAs

More on cause and effect to see the use of "because, since, as, for, because of, due to ... " EXERCISES

1. _______________________she is beautiful, everybody hates her. 2. The children slept deeply ________________________ the noise. 3. __________________ earning a low salary, Sara helped her parents 4. Jane rarely sees Alan _________________________they are neighbors. 5. Kate did not do well in the exam _______________________ working very hard. 6. ______________________ I was very hungry, I couldn't eat. 7. _________________________ the difficulty, they managed to solve the math problem. 8. Liza never talked to him _____________________ she loved him. 9. _______________________it was cold, Marie didn't put on her coat. 10. Clare did the work ________________________ being ill. 11. ________________________ the weather was bad, we had a good time. 12. _____________________all our hard work, a lot of things went wrong.13. _______________________we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong. 14. I went to hospital ______________________I was feeling very ill. 15. I went to work the next day ____________________I was still feeling ill. 16. She accepted the job ___________________________the low salary. 17. She refused the job ________________________the low salary. 18. I managed to sleep _________________________the hotel was noisy. 19. I could not get to sleep ________________________the noise. 20. He runs fast __________________________his old age.

Purpose Clauses

Oraes subordinadas adverbiais finais(clauses of purpose) expressam o propsito ou a finalidade da ao principal. Essas oraes geralmente so introduzidas porto,in order to,so as to,for,so that,in order thateso. Observe exemplos de oraes finais:

-To+ infinitivo = infinitivo de finalidade (infinitive of purpose).We spent the summer in San Franciscotolearnsome English. (Passamos o vero em So Francisco para aprender um pouco de Ingls.)I went to the minimarttobuysome onions and a carton of eggs. (Fui ao mini-mercado para comprar algumas cebolas e uma caixa de ovos.)

-In order toouso as to(a fim de) + infinitivo so mais formais queto+ infinitivo.She moved abroadin order tofind a better job. (Ela foi morar no exterior a fim de encontrar um emprego melhor.)We went earlyso as toget good seats. (Fomos cedo a fim de conseguir bons lugares.)

-For.They bought a machineforslicing bread. (Eles compraram uma mquina para cortar po.)Are you learning Englishforpleasure orforyour work? (Voc est aprendenedo Ingls por prazer ou para o seu trabalho?)This is a deviceforopening bottles. (Este um aparelho para abrir garrafas.)-So that/In order that+ sujeito + verbo + complemento(s).

Resumindo:to + infinitive; David went out to buy a bottle of wine.

in order to/so as to + infinitive (formal); We were asked to say over in order to finish the project.

so that + can/will used for a present or future reference; Heres my number so that you can call me if you have a problem.

so that +could/would used for a past reference; We left early so that we would be able to park close to the stadium.

in case + present tense present or future reference Take your hat in case it gets too hot.

in case + past tense used for past reference We took an umbrella in case it rained.

for + noun used to express purpose We went out for a pizza.

for + -ing used to express purpose and/or function of something This function on the air conditioner is for reducing humidity.

Negative

For negative purpose we use:

in order not to/so as not to + infinitive we walked in quietly so as not to wake up the children.

prevent + noun/pronoun + from + ing I parked the car under a tree to prevent it from getting too hot.

OBSERVAO:In order that mais formal queso that. Se o verbo da orao principal estiver nopassado, a orao subordinada poder ir para o passado simples ou poder ser empreguecould,should,would+ infinitivo sem oto.The lecturerfinishedhis lecture five minutes earlyso that/in order thatthe studentscouldaskhim questions. (O palestrante terminou a palestra mais cedo a fim de que os alunos pudessem lhe fazer perguntas.)The professoradjustedthe projectorso that/in order thatthe studentswould beable to see the chart more clearly. (O professor arrumou o projetor para que os alunos conseguissem ver o grfico de maneira mais clara.) Se o verbo da orao principal estiver no presente, o verbo da orao subordinada poder ir para opresentesimplesou poder ser empreguewill/can+ infinitivo sem oto.I'm going to purchase my son a computerso that/in order thathepractises/canpractiseat home. (Vou comprar um computador para meu filho para que ele pratique / possa praticar em casa.)He's staying on in Australia for ten months moreso that/in order thathecan perfecthis English. (Ele vai continuar estudando na Austrlia por mais dez meses para que possa aperfeioar seu Ingls.)1) He opened the window.He wanted to let fresh air in.(in order to) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 2)I took my camera.I wanted to take some photos.(so that) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3)He studied really hard.He wanted to get better marks.(in order to) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4)Jason learns Chinese.His aim is to work in China.( to) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5)Ive collected money.I will buy a new car.(so that) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 6)Many people left Turkey in 1960s.They wanted to find jobs in Germany.( in order to) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 7)She attends to a course.She wants to learn chess.(to) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 8)Linda turned on the lights.She wanted to see better.(so that) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 9)I will come with you.I want to help you.(in order to) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 10)We are going to cinema.We will watch a horror film.(to) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 11)You must take your umbrella so that you wont get wet.(in order) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 12)He waited at the counter.He wanted to see her.(in order) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 13)We all put on our coats.We were feeling cold.(so that) _________________________________________________________________________________________ The relative pronouns are:SubjectObjectPossessive

whowho(m)whose

whichwhichwhose

thatthat

We usewhoandwhomfor people, andwhichfor things.Or we canusethatfor people or things.We use relative pronouns:afteranoun, tomake it clearwhich person or thing we are talking about:the housethatJack builtthe womanwhodiscovered radiuman eight-year-old boywhoattempted to rob a sweet shopto tell us more about a person or thing:My mother,whowas born overseas, has always been a great traveller.Lord Thompson,whois 76, has just retired.We had fish and chips,whichis my favourite meal.But we donotusethatas asubjectin this kind of relative clause.We usewhoseas thepossessiveform ofwho:This is George,whosebrother went to school with me.We sometimes usewhomas theobjectof a verb or preposition:This is George,whomyou met at our house last year.This is Georges brother, withwhomI went to school.Butnowadayswe normally use who:This is George,whoyou met at our house last year.This is Georges brother,whoI went to school with.Whenwhomorwhichhave apreposition theprepositioncan come at thebeginningof the clause...I had an uncle in Germany,fromwho[m]I inherited a bit of money.We bought a chainsaw,withwhichwe cut up all the wood.orat theendof the clause:I had an uncle in Germanywho[m]I inherited a bit of moneyfrom.We bought a chainsaw,whichwe cut all the wood upwith.We can usethatat the beginning of the clause:I had an uncle in GermanythatI inherited a bit of moneyfrom.We bought a chainsawthatwe cut all the wood upwith.Do you know anyone.could help me fix my computer?

where

which

who

whose

Q2.A hammer is a tool.....is used to knock nails into wood.

that

who

whom

whose

Q3.The shop.....we usually buy our bread has closed down.

that

where

who

whose

Q4.The boy.....dog was hit by a car has not been to school for 3 days,

that

which

who

whose

Q5.My friend,.....doesn't have a cell phone, suddenly knocked on the door last night.

that

which

who

whose

Q6.Can you please return the calculator.....you borrowed yesterday?

that

who

whom

whose

Q7.The horse.....was hit by the car was only slightly hurt.

what

which

who

whom

Q8.An orphanage is a place.....children who have no parents can live and be looked after.

that

who

which

where

Q9.I didn't realize I had forgotten my passport until I reached the airport,.....was very annoying.

that

what

which

where

Q10.The students.....test grades were low had to come back after school for an extra lesson.

that

who

which

whose

Q11.The hotel,.....is in the centre of the town, is to be knocked down and replaced by a bank.

that

what

which

where

Q12.The person to.....you sent the letter has moved to a new address?

who

whom

whose

which

which - whose - who - when - whereTop of Form1. Dallas is the city__________________Kennedy was shot.2. Bill Clinton was the president_______________wife was called Hillary.3. Sunday is the day_________________most countries respect a day of rest in the week.4. Rotterdam is the port______________is the busiest in Europe.5. Yasser Arafat is the person___________________is the Palestinian leader.6. Robinson Crusoe is the fictional character_____________________companion was Man Friday.7. Smog is the thing______________________is a combination of fog and smoke, or pollution.8. Rum is the strong drink______________________is associated with the Caribbean.9. The Euro is the currency_________________is used in most of Europe.10. Napoleon is the man__________________wife was called Josephine.11. A metallurgist is a person____________________studies metals.12. Hiroshima is the place_____________________the first atomic bomb was dropped.13. 1914 is the year____________________the First World War started.14. Your mother-in-law is the person__________________son or daughter is married to you.15. A stapler is a thing_____________________you use to attach papers together.Bottom of Form