frt aug training part 1
TRANSCRIPT
Enable Nuclear Deterrence & Community Wellness through an Integrated Health Care System
341st Medical Group
UNCLASSIFIED
FRT AUGUST TRAINING
Maj Gacioch
FRT Team Chief
Part 1: Cold Weather Injuries
Enable Nuclear Deterrence & Community Wellness through an Integrated Health Care SystemUNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Cold Weather
Cold decreases your ability to think and weakens your will to do anything except to get warm. Cold is an insidious enemy; as it numbs the mind, it subdues the will to survive. Cold makes it very easy to forget your ultimate goal – to survive.
FM 21-76 (Survival), Pg 15-1
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UNCLASSIFIED
Typical Victim of a Cold
Weather Injury
Male
A1C or below
20 years old (approximately)
From a warm climate
Less than 18 months time in service
Uses tobacco, alcohol or medications
Neglects proper foot care
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UNCLASSIFIED
General Protection
Use multiple layers, loose enough to trap air
Cover your head (can lose 40-45% of body heat from
head, and even more from neck, wrists and ankles
Outermost layer should be wind/water resistant
Consider higher protein/fat foods for calories
Consider portable heaters, glove warmers, etc
C- Keep clothing clean
O- Avoid overheating
L- Wear clothes loose and in layers
D- Keep clothing dry
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Factors Increasing Risks
The body is better at losing heat than producing it
Taking certain drugs or medications such as alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, and medication that inhibit the body's response to the cold or impairs judgment
Having a cold or certain diseases, such as diabetes, heart, vascular, and thyroid problems (may make a person more susceptible to the winter elements)
Male sex (♂ have far greater mortality from cold than ♀, perhaps due to inherent risk-taking activities, body-fat composition or other physiological differences)
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Hypothermia
DEFINITION: lowering of body temperature at a rate
faster than the body can produce heat
Initial symptom is shivering, sign is progressive pallor
of skin in extremities
At 96 degees F – shivering progresses to the point of
being uncontrollable. Patient can’t care for self
At 95-90 degees F – sluggish thinking, irrational
reasoning, & false perception of warmth. Weak pulse
At 90 – 86 degees F or less symptoms include muscle
rigidity, unconsciousness & barely detectable signs of
life (inaudible heart beat & pulse, unreactive pupils,
very slow respirations
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Mild
Moderate
Severe
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UNCLASSIFIED
Frostbite
DEFINITION: Freezing of tissues. Light frostbite
produces areas of dull, whitish, pallor that are numb
when cold and burn when rewarmed “chillblains”
Tend to occur on thin skin (face, feet & hands).
Counter effect by covering, wiggling (making faces)
and periodically exposing to heat.
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UNCLASSIFIED
Severe Frostbite
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UNCLASSIFIED
Trenchfoot
Exposure for many hours or days to wet/damp at
near freezing temperatures
Presents as pins & needles sensation tingling
numbness pain
Skin appears wet, soggy, wet, white & shriveled. As
damage occurs red bluish black in color.
Walking becomes difficult. Muscles & tendons
become damaged. If persists long enough can
progress to gangrene and possibly amputation.
Prevention is keeping feet warm and dry.
Change socks frequently!
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UNCLASSIFIED
Trench Foot
(Mild to Severe)
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UNCLASSIFIED
Trenchfoot Treatment
prevent further exposure
dry carefully
DO NOT break blisters, apply lotions, massage,
expose to heat, or allow to walk on injury
rewarm by exposing to warm air
clean and wrap loosely
elevate feet to reduce swelling
evacuate for medical treatment
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Cold Weather Survival
DO
Periodically check self/buddy for frostbite.
Rewarm frostbite
Keep injured areas from refreezing
DON’T
Rub injuries with snow
drink Alcoholic beverages
Thaw out deep frostbite if away from definitive care
(better to leave it frozen)
Smoke
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More Advanced Care
If the person is conscious give hot, sweetened fluids
(honey, dextrose or sugar)
To treat hypothermia rewarm the whole body, starting
with the trunk only in warm water (100-110 degrees F)
then slowly stimulating peripheral blood flow
Do not warm too rapidly
– BEWARE “afterdrop”
If warm-water submersion is not available, use
naked-buddy treatment in a sleeping bag
– BEWARE: monitor buddy for hypothermia
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Enable Nuclear Deterrence & Community Wellness through an Integrated Health Care SystemUNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Other Cold Weather Risks
Dehydration – fluid loss to expiration & sweating
Cold Diuresis – cold increases urinary output so
increase fluids 2L > normal amounts; Urine = Lt yellow
Constipation –add fruit/fiber to induce BMs regularly
Sunburn – skin is exposed to reflected rays from every
direction. Aggravated at high altitude.
Snow Blindness – ultraviolet rays reflected from snow cause
sunburn to the eyes
Eyes feel gritty Pain that increases with eye movement
eyes become teary and reddened headaches (often)
Use sunglasses on bright days!
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UNCLASSIFIED
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
When oxygen in the body is replaced by carbon
monoxide
colorless, odorless, tasteless gas resulting from
incomplete combustion
Inadequate ventilation
from engines, stoves,
and/or heaters
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Enable Nuclear Deterrence & Community Wellness through an Integrated Health Care SystemUNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Symptoms
headache
dizziness
weakness
excessive yawning
ringing in ears
confusion
nausea
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bright red lips, eyelids
grayish tint in dark-
skinned people
drowsiness
unconsciousness
possibly death
Treatment–move to fresh air immediately
––provide mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if victim is not breathing-Use supplemental oxygen, if available
-Transport ASAP
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Valley Forge, December 1777