frontier corporate presentation - nov 2012
DESCRIPTION
Frontier Corporate Presentation - Nov 2012TRANSCRIPT
DRAFT
Zandkopsdrift – the next major western RE producer
November 2012
Frontier Rare Earths Limited
TSX:FRO
Safe Harbour Statement
Certain statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this presentation constitute “forward-looking statements”.
Officers and representatives of Frontier Rare Earths Limited (the “Company”) may, in their remarks or in response to
questions regarding this presentation, make certain statements which are “forward-looking statements” and are prospective.
Forward-looking statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions
that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company, or developments in the Company’s
business or its industry, to differ materially from the anticipated results, performance, achievements or developments
expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs
and opinions at the time the statements are made or presented, and undue reliance should not be placed on any of these
forward-looking statements. There should be no expectation that these forward-looking statements will be updated or
supplemented as a result of changing circumstances or otherwise, and the Company does not intend, and does not assume
any obligation, to update these forward-looking statements.
2 │
Forward-looking information
Topics
Rare Earth Market
Frontier Rare Earths overview
Background to the Zandkopsdrift Rare Earth Project
Preliminary Economic Assessment and Project Development Plans
Strategic Partnership
Outlook
Appendices
3 │
Rare Earths – Overview
Series of 15 chemically similar elements that occur and are recovered together
Distribution of elements varies from deposit to deposit
Two distinct categories based on atomic weight: Light Rare Earths and Heavy Rare Earths
Each element has a range of distinctive physical properties which allow them to be
used in a variety of technological applications
Magnetic, optical, electrical, catalytic and metallurgical
Underpin the “green” technology economy
Hybrid motor and battery technology
Energy efficiency
Wind power
Consumer electronics
Defense
Transport
Most have no substitutes and are indispensable in many applications
4 │
37%
31%
14%
5% 4% 4%
3% 2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Magnets Phosphors Metal Alloys Catalysts Ceramics Polishing Other Glass
Value of RE usage by application
Rare Earths – Uses
Biggest, fastest-growing use is for magnet applications which, together with
phosphors and metal alloys, accounts for >80% of demand by value
Source: Roskill
5 │
Rare Earth Market Developments
China
Continued restructuring of export quota system, forced industry
consolidation and clampdown on illegal mining & processing
likely to have significant price implications
China has confirmed only 15-20 years reserves of heavy and
medium REOs and are expected to be a net importer of these
elements by 2015
Chinese export quotas have been reduced significantly since 2005
however export quotas have stabilised at c.30kt per annum
US/ Europe and Japan have jointly lodged a complaint with the
WTO in respect of China’s quota system and export taxes on rare
earths
Rest of World
Plans by several countries including China, Japan, South Korea
and US announced to stockpile rare earths
Major industrial users seeking to lock in long-term
supply/partnership from credible potential producers i.e.
Frontier/KORES, Lynas/Siemens
6 │
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012E
To
nn
es R
EO
Chinese Export Quota
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Frontier Basket $/kg Since 2010
3 Year Avg FOB
Spot Price FOB
Global Supply and Demand (tonnes REO)
Rare Earths – Supply/Demand Forecasts
Demand CAGR projected at 6-10% through 2016 and beyond
China’s domestic demand, particularly for medium and heavy rare earths, forecast to
increase faster than domestic supply
Future supply deficit widely forecast
Significant opportunity for new producers of separated rare earth oxides outside of China
Source: Roskill,Freedonia Group
7 │
0
25,000
50,000
75,000
100,000
125,000
150,000
175,000
200,000
225,000
250,000
275,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2015f 2020f
China supply ROW supply China demand ROW demand Total demand
Frontier Overview
Flagship asset is the Zandkopsdrift Rare Earth project in South Africa
World-class deposit in terms of size, rare earth grade, distribution and value
Preliminary Economic Assessment competed March 2012
confirms Zandkopsdrift’s potential to become a major low cost RE producer
NPV11% of $3.7bn generating a post-tax IRR of 53% and 2 year payback
Pre-feasibility Study targeted for completion in Q1 2013 and Definitive Feasibility Study
scheduled 9-12 months thereafter
Strategic Partnership signed with Korea Resources Corporation
Frontier is the only rare earth junior advancing a major rare earth resource with a definitive strategic
partnership agreement in place
Initial Kores investment of $23.8m for 10% interest
Kores option to acquire up to a 50% interest in Zandkopsdrift if arranges project finance for development
Strong financial position: c.$30m cash (excl. Kores investment) and fully funded through completion
of DFS
Listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Experienced Board, management and technical teams
8 │
Zandkopsdrift Project Location
Zandkopsdrift is well-situated in the
Northern Cape Province, South Africa’s
oldest mining region
Excellent mining and related infrastructure
available
Close to N7 highway from Cape Town
(c.450 km)
35km to nearest railhead (Bitterfontein)
300km north of deep water port of Saldanha Bay
Strong support in local communities for
the development of the Zandkopsdrift
Frontier controls mineral rights over
c.60,000 ha around Zandkopsdrift and
owns the land on which the deposit is
located
9 │
Cape Town – a first world destination
10 │
Satellite Image of Zandkopsdrift Carbonatite
11 │
Zandkopsdrift
carbonatite
complex
Gravel road to N7
N7 tarred road
to Cape Town
Bitterfontein rail head
(c.35 km)
Exxaro Resources
Namakwa Sands Mine
(c.45 km)
Zandkopsdrift Deposit
12 │
The Zandkopsdrift Deposit
The biggest intrusion in a complex of carbonatite intrusions
One of the largest known rare earth deposits, containing approx. 950k tonnes TREO
Contains significant high grade zones extending from surface that will allow preferential mining
The majority of rare earths in Zandkopsdrift (~ 97%) are contained in monazite
Proven commercial extraction processes
Metallurgical test work to optimise process flowsheet on going in Canada, South Africa and China
Rare earth minerals in many other new RE projects have never had commercial processes developed,
which will increase their development time, cost, and process risk
Attractive distribution of light and heavy rare earths and very low radioactivity
Potential for rapid development and production start-up
Good regional infrastructure available (road, rail, power and water) will also facilitate development
Targeting total annual production of 20,000 tonnes of separated rare earths
13 │
Geological Interpretation
14 │
The Zandkopsdrift deposit is a REE enriched carbonatitic breccia pipe
Occurs as a 1km diameter circular intrusive rising 40 meters above the surrounding plain
Extensive drilling in excess of 20,000 meters completed
313 boreholes drilled for a total of 21,037 meters
19,166 meters assayed at 1 meter intervals for resource estimation purposes
Good understanding of geology and controls on mineralisation
Series of vertical to sub vertical RE-enriched dykes (“REDs”) intruded into a RE bearing carbonatitic
phlogopite breccia phase (“CPB”)
The CPB and REDs have undergone several stages of alteration and deep weathering resulting in
the development of supergene enriched high grade REE-bearing horizons from surface to 80-100m
depth (see slide 53)
Geologically similar to Lynas’ Mount Weld deposit in Australia
Zandkopsdrift Geological Map and Drill Locations
15 │
Assay results from final phase
of resource drilling (14,200
meters drilling) to be
incorporated into a revised
resource estimate for PFS, and
are expected to upgrade the
majority of the resource into
the Measured and Indicated
resource categories
Zandkopsdrift Resource Estimate
Large, high confidence resource estimate(c.950k tonnes TREO) with c.80% of the contained TREO at the
Indicated Resource level (2011)
Final phase of resource drilling (14,200 meters) at Zandkopsdrift completed in Q4 2011
Assay results from final phase of drilling expected to advance majority of the 2011 resource into the
Measured and Indicated categories and PFS will convert such resources to Proven and Probable reserves
reserves
Relative distribution of REOs in Zandkopsdrift is shown on page 54.The resource estimate is NI 43-101 compliant and presented in accordance with CIM definitions The mineral resource
estimates reflect 100% of the estimated resources at Zandkopsdrift. Frontier’s 74% owned subsidiary, Sedex, has complied with the BEE equity ownership requirements as laid down by the
Mining Charter and MPRDA, through shareholder agreements with historically disadvantaged South African individuals and entities that together hold the remaining 26% of the issued share
capital of Sedex. In addition to Frontier’s direct interest in the Zandkopsdrift Project through its 74% shareholding in Sedex (prior to Kores’ initial 10% acquisition), Frontier shall also be
entitled to, in consideration for Frontier’s funding of the BEE Shareholders’ share of Sedex’s expenditure on the Zandkopsdri ft Project up to bankable feasibility stage, a payment from
certain of the BEE Shareholders following the completion of the bankable feasibility study equal to 21% of the then valuation of the Zandkopsdrift Project. This gives Frontier an effective
95% interest in the Zandkopsdrift Project until such payment has been received.
16 │
17
Zandkopsdrift Absolute and Relative RE Distribution
Element
Tonnes
Relative Distribution
Lanthanum 240,833 25.37%
Cerium 418,225 44.06%
Praseodymium 43,870 4.62%
Neodymium 150,723 15.88%
Samarium 21,538 2.27%
Europium 5,597 0.59%
Gadolinium 13,441 1.42%
Terbium 1,570 0.17%
Dysprosium 7,364 0.78%
Holmium 1,230 0.13%
Erbium 3,015 0.32%
Thulium 377 0.04%
Ytterbium 2,090 0.22%
Lutetium 283 0.03%
Yttrium 39,145 4.12%
TTt 949,301 100.00%
Zandkopsdrift Resource Block Model (2011)
18 │
Zandkopsdrift Sample Geological Section
19 │
7.98% TREO over 16 meters
with 17.98% TREO over 1 meter
Weathered CPB intruded by weathered RE enriched REDs
20 │
Weathered CPB
1-3% TREO
Weathered REDs
6-8% TREO
Contact Between REDs and CPB in Bulk Sample Trench
21 │
Weathered REDs
4-5% TREO
Weathered CPB
1-3% TREO
Bulk Sample Trench for Pilot Testwork (Q1 2012)
22 │
Average XRF TREO grade 3% for 174 metre trench
Preliminary Economic Assessment - March 2012
23 │
PEA Financial Highlights
Post-Tax NPV & IRR
Post-Tax Net Present Value @ 11% discount rate $3.65bn
NPV attributable to Frontier Rare Earths $3.60bn
Post -Tax Internal Rate of Return 52.5%
Pre -Tax NPV & IRR Pre-Tax Net Present Value @ 11% discount rate $4.3bn
Pre-Tax Internal Rate of Return 57.6%
Revenue and Cashflow Average annual revenue $1.1bn
Annual after-tax free cashflow in full production $711m
Capital Expenditure
Total construction Capex excluding contingencies $910m
Start-up costs excluding contingency $27m
Project payback from commencement of full production 2 years
Revenue/kg and cost/kg
xSeparated REO
“Basket price” per kg of separated REO from Zandkopsdrift $58.23
Total cash operating cost/kg separated REO $13.08
Location of Zandkopsdrift Project Components
24│
Saldanha Bay Rare Earth
Separation Plant-20,000 tonnes
p.a. TREO
Mixed rare earth carbonate
transported 300kms by road (N7)
to Saldanha Bay
Mining, flotation and cracking
plants to produce mixed rare
earth carbonate
PEA Operating Assumptions and Parameters
25 │
PEA Operating Assumptions and Parameters
Mining
Target annual mining rate 1 m tonnes
Average stripping ratio* 3:1
Life of mine 20 years
Average production grade 3.1% TREO
Mining dilution 7.50%
Processing
Target annual production rate 20,000t separated TREO
Metallurgical recovery 67%
Production start-up H2 2015
Time to full production 1 year
* including all stockpiled <2% grade material and waste
Zandkopsdrift Preliminary Mine Pit Design (looking southwest)
26 │
• 19.5 mt to be mined over 20 years
• Average 3:1 stripping ratio
• Significant LoM extension possible, as only
60% of current resource is exploited
Pit Dimensions (approx.)
East -West extent 830m
North-South extent 900m
Maximum no. benches planned 12
Zandkopsdrift Mine Detailed Layout
27 │
Zandkopsdrift Mine Concentrator Plant -
Metallurgical flow sheet
28 │
Zandkopsdrift Mine Process Plant Layout
29 │
• “Conventional” metallurgical
process
• Crush, grind, float and sulphuric
acid crack
• 99% pure mixed rare earth
carbonate produced
Zandkopsdrift Mine Acid Cracking Plant –
Metallurgical flow sheet
30 │
Saldanha Bay- (300km from Zandkopsdrift)
31 │
Sichen to Saldanha iron ore export rail line
Exxaro ilmenite smelter-Saldanha Bay Arcelor Mittal Saldanha Steel Works
Saldanha Port
Saldanha Bay Industrial Development Zone
32 │
Rare Earth Separation Plant Location and Layout
33 │
Saldanha Separation Plant-Metallurgical flow sheet
34 │
Saldanha Separation Plant-Illustrative Production and
Revenue Contribution by REO
35│
*Big 5 – Neodymium ,Praseodymium ,Europium, Terbium and Dysprosium
**Revenue contributions are calculated using current FOB China prices from Metal Pages as at 1 November 2012
No value is attributed by Frontier to the five heavy rare earths from Holmium to Lutetium
Assumes production of
20k tonnes separated
REOs p.a. and elemental
recovery in line with in
situ Zandkopsdrift
distribution
Zandkopsdrift has an
attractive distribution of
both the high value light
and heavy rare earth
elements (the “Big 5”)
These Big 5 elements
represent c.22% of
illustrative production
volumes but contribute
c.69% of project revenue**
Cerium and lanthanum
would represent c.70% of
the illustrative production
volume but contribute only
21% of potential project
revenue**
7.4%
13.6%
7.4%
25.4%
2.3%
19.2%
2.2% 5.2%
11.7%
5.6%
0.0%
68.9%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
Co
ntr
ibu
tio
n t
o r
ev
en
ue
5,083
8,833
910
3,154
462 118 288 34 154
814 150
4,370
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
To
nn
es p
er
An
nu
m
Environmental Assessments Completed for PEA
Preliminary Environmental Assessments completed
Botany
Archaeology
Air and water quality
Human health risk and radiology impact
Uranium and Thorium are at very low levels
Although the rare earths at Zandkopsdrift are contained (97%) in monazite the grades of
both uranium (60-70ppm) and thorium (215-235ppm) are unusually low
Uranium and thorium removed by precipitation and disposed to double-lined tailings
disposal facility at Zandkopsdrift
Environmental studies concluded that “the environmental impact of the radionuclides will
be negligible”
36 │
Zandkopsdrift Project Capital Expenditure Estimate
Total construction Capex PEA
estimate of $910m* (including
c.$100m for sulphuric acid and
seawater desalination plants)
Split 67% for the Saldanha Bay
rare earth separation plant &
infrastructure and 33% for
Zandkopsdrift mining,
concentration plant, sulphuric
acid plant and infrastructure
Additional $27m required in
start-up and indirect Capex on
commissioning
*excludes contingency but contingency is
included in the PEA financial model and valuation
37 │
Sulphuric acid plant, $87.7m
(9.6%) Mining and
infrastructure at Zandkopsdrift, $79.4m (8.7%)
Concentrator Plant, $132.1m
(14.5%)
Infrastructure at Saldanha,
$112.6m (12.4%)
Separation plant, $498.4m (54.8%)
Zandkopsdrift Project Capex versus Western Peers
38 │
(1) Capex based on refurbishment of existing mine and infrastructure
(2) US$/A$ exchange rate of 1.07
Actual & Forecast Capex of Projects to produce separated REOs Total Capex for
Zandkopsdrift compares well
with similar scale projects
worldwide
Circa 2/3rds of Capex relates
to the Saldanha Separation
Plant and data from peers
indicates comparable capital
split
Separation Plant
Mine & Concentrator
Start-up Capex
$645m
$895m
$937m $1,128m $1,213m
$2,046m
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
US$
m
Zandkopsdrift Project Operating Cost Breakdown (PEA)
39 │
$0.86
$5.06 $0.06 $0.07
$7.03
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
Mining Concentrator& H2SO4
Plant
Other costs Transport SeparationPlant
PEA estimates total cash
operating cost per
kg/separated REO from
Zandkopsdrift at $13.08
The main opex components are
c.54% for the separation plant
and c.39% for the
concentration plant, the bulk of
which comprises reagent costs
and the operation of the
sulphuric acid plant
Mining and shipping costs are
low due to the ease of mining,
the high grade and the
availability of infrastructure
Opex estimate excludes 15%
contingency but this
contingency has been included
in the Zandkopsdrift PEA
financial model and valuation
PEA Rare Earth Pricing Methodology (March 2012)
40 │
At 1 November 2012, the Zandkopsdrift basket price (China FoB) was $47.81/kg
Applying the trailing 3 year FoB China prices, the Zandkopsdrift “basket price” per kg of separated REO is $85.49/kg
Applying the mid-point of Roskill’s 2015 price forecast ranges for the principal REOs, the Zandkopsdrift basket price is $52.10/kg
The PEA utilised the average of the 3 year China FoB price (to Dec 2011) and the mid-point of Roskill’s 2015 price forecast. This
methodology reduces the impact of the high rare earth prices in 2011 and resulted in a Zandkopsdrift PEA basket price of $58.23/kg
No value assumed in Zandkopsdrift price basket for five heavy rare earths (holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium)
Rare Earth Oxide
FOB China Price
(1 Nov 2012)
FOB China 3yr Avg (Nov 2009-Nov 2012)
China Domestic Price
(1 Nov 2012)
Roskill 2015 Price forecast
Lanthanum 12 49 7 20-35
Cerium 15 48 7 10-15
Praseodymium 82.5 115 54 80-120
Neodymium 82.5 129 54 80-120
Samarium 29.5 59 8 *
Europium 1810 1877 812 1,000-1,200
Gadolinium 64.5 84 18 *
Terbium 1300 1555 607 1,000-1,200
Dysprosium 615 866 379 800-1000
Yttrium 52.5 82 18 40-60
Zandkopsdrift ‘Basket Price’/kg $47.81 $85.49 $26.04 $52.10
Korea Resources Corporation
Korea Resources Corporation (“KORES”) is wholly-owned by the Korean government
Objective of becoming a global top 20 mining company by 2020, principally through
international investments and joint ventures
Policy mandate to further Korea's access to strategically important mineral resources
Works with major Korean industry groups and assembles consortia of Korean companies to
participate with KORES in commercial ventures
Korean government has designated rare earths as a strategic raw material for Korea’s future
economic growth and selected Zandkopsdrift source of their future rare earth supply
“In order to support Korea’s high technology, automotive and other industries, the development of
Zandkopsdrift will be a strategic priority project for the KORES Consortium and a critical element of
KORES’ efforts to secure a long term, stable source of rare earth supply for Korean industry.”
Shin-Jong Kim, Kores President and CEO (Dec 2011)
41 │
KORES Joint Venture Highlights
KORES to acquire initial 10% interest in Zandkopsdrift for $23.8m in cash (Nov 2012)
KORES options on completion of a positive Definitive Feasibility Study for Zandkopsdrift:
Kores may increase participation up to a 50% interest* in Zandkopsdrift, together with an off-take right and
obligation for up to 50% of production from Zandkopsdrift (the “50% Option”)
The exercise of the 50% Option will be conditional upon Kores arranging project finance for entire
Zandkopsdrift development on best available market terms and, if such project finance is accepted by the
Frontier Board in its absolute discretion, Kores providing its pro rata funding for the portion of Zandkopsdrift
development costs not covered by the project finance
Alternatively, Kores may acquire an additional 10% interest in Zandkopsdrift at the DFS project valuation
(NPV) and, if so acquired, Kores may then also acquire 10% shareholding in Frontier at market price. If
these options are exercised by Kores in full it will also procure an off-take right and obligation for 31% of
production from Zandkopsdrift
Frontier may introduce an Alternative Strategic Partner into Frontier/Zandkopsdrift prior to the exercise of
the above options by Kores and in such event the 50% Option will be cancelled
Kores will provide technical and operating experience for the design, construction and operation of the
Zandkopsdrift facilities
Frontier and Kores will cooperate in relation to downstream opportunities in the area of rare earth metals,
alloys and magnets
Zandkopsdrift is Kores’ only investment in a rare earth mine development worldwide.
*Full details of the Frontier Kores JV are set out in the news release dated October 23 2012
42 │
Zandkopsdrift Current Estimated Project Timeline
43 │
PEA Resource
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
PFS/DFS Resource
PEA
Pre Feasibility
Study
Definitive
Feasibility Study
Financing
Construction
Production
Start-up
Corporate Information
TSX:FRO
Shares Outstanding: 89,562,781
Market Cap c.$53m
Share Price $0.60 (52 week hi/low $1.44 -
$0.43)
Working Capital c.$30m (excl. Kores $23.8m)
Research Coverage:
CIBC
Euro Pacific Capital
Cormark Securities
Byron
44 │
Frontier Relative Share Price (rebased)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Frontier Share Price
Peer Average (RER, Quest, Arafura & Avalon)
Industry Leader Average (MCP + LYC)
Frontier Peer Comparison
45 │
Company Lynas Molycorp Avalon Rare Element Quest Arafura Tasman Frontier
Deposit Mt Weld Mtn Pass Nechalacho Bear Lodge Strange Lake Nolan's Bore Norra Karr ‘Central
Zone’
Zandkops
drift
Location Australia California NW Territories Wyoming Quebec Australia Sweden South Africa
TREO Grade 8.08% 7.04% 1.70% 3.45% 1.20% 2.80% 0.54% 3.12% 2.28%
Tonnes per annum 11kt / 22kt 19kt / 40kt 10kt 10kt 12kt 20kt 6kt 20kt
Rare Earth Product Separated REO Separated REO Separated REO Concentrate Concentrate Separated REO Concentrate Separated REO
Project stage Commissioning Commissioning PFS PEA PEA PFS PEA PEA
Primary RE Mineral Monazite Bastnaesite Fergusonite Ancylite &
bastnaesite Kainosite
Fluorapatite &
Cheralite Eudialyte Monazite
Deposit type Pipe Pipe Tabular Dykes/veins Veins Veins Tabular Pipe
Mining Method Open Pit Open Pit Underground Open Pit Open Pit Open Pit Open Pit Open Pit
Climate Arid Arid Arctic Cold Cold Arid Moderate Good
Infrastructure Poor Good Poor Good Poor Poor Good Good
Industry Partner Yes Yes No No No No No Yes
Start-up year (est.) 2012 2012/13 2016 2016 2017 Unknown 2016 2015
Market Cap $1,222m $1,054m $171m $185m $76m $86m $85m $53m
Enterprise Value ($m) $1016m $684m $111m $149m $60m $59m $74m $23m
Summary
World-class rare earth deposit
high grade, attractive REE distribution, large tonnage, on surface, low radioactivity
Well positioned to become the next major, low cost producer of separated rare earth
aoxides and the largest non-Chinese producer of separated heavy rare earth oxides
Confirmed by results of PEA
PFS in progress and targeted for completion in Q1 2013
Only rare earth junior with a definitive agreement with a strategic industry partner
Experienced management and technical teams
Strong financial position and fully funded to complete PFS and DFS
Share price trading at significant discount to peers Share buy-back commenced late Q2 2012
46 │
DRAFT
Appendices
Senior Management Team
Senior Management team with extensive experience of exploration and development of
mineral projects in Southern Africa, rare earths, financing and corporate development
Philip Kenny B Eng, MBA Chairman
25+ years experience in natural resource sector.
Founder and former Executive Chairman and CEO of
Firestone Diamonds plc, an AIM-listed diamond mining
company focused which built and operated diamond
mines in South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho.
Derick de Wit B Tech, Chem. Eng. Vice President, Project Development
15+ years experience in minerals industry. Has managed
or prepared more than 30 independent reviews, scoping,
pre-feasibility and definitive feasibility studies in Africa
and Canada.
Ms Vivian Wu B Sc, EMBA Business Development Director- Greater China
20+ years experience in rare earth industry in senior
roles with China Minmetals Corporation, Rhodia (China)
Investment Co and Treibacher Industrie AG.
James Kenny B Comm, MBS Chief Executive Officer
20+ years experience in natural resources sector as an
executive, adviser and broker. Co-founder of Frontier and
centrally involved in all aspects of Frontier's
development, corporate, strategic and financing activities
since incorporation.
Paul McGuinness B Comm, ACA Chief Financial Officer
15+ years experience in investment banking and
financial control with Arthur Anderson, Salomon Brothers,
Schroders, Collins Stewart and MG Capital.
Dr. Stuart Smith B Sc, PhD Vice President, Exploration
30+ years experience in mineral exploration with
particular experience in rare earths, uranium, base
metals and diamonds.
48 │
Independent Non-executive Directors
Eamonn Grennan (Ireland) B.Sc, M.Sc (Ireland)
Independent consulting geologist with over 40 years
experience as an exploration manager, geologist,
consultant and senior lecturer. Former President of the
Irish Association for Economic Geology and member of
the Consultative Committee of the Irish Geological
Survey.
Anu Dhir (Canada) B.A., J.D. Former VP Corporate Development and Company
Secretary of Katanga Mining Limited. Managing Director
of Miniqs Limited, Non-executive Director of Anooraq
Resources Corporation and Non-executive Director of
Compass Asset Management.
Crispin Sonn (South Africa) B.A., B.Comm Executive Director of Old Mutual South Africa, the largest
integrated financial services company in South Africa.
Chairman of the Old Mutual Foundation, founding
Chairman of Foodbank South Africa and Non-executive
Director of Capespan (Pty) Ltd.
49 │
Principal Zandkopsdrift Consultants
50 │
Consultant Responsibility
Africa Geo-Environmental Services
Archaeological, botanical, air quality, human health risk and radiological impact assessments
Mine closure plan and estimate of financial provision
Water fatal flaw analysis and water baseline study
Africa Remediation Technologies Sea water desalination plant scoping study
Benchmark Risk Advisory Independent risk assessment
Cameron Cross Incorporated Environmental permitting legal opinion
Corli Havenga Transportation Engineers Access routes and logistics surveys
EHL Consulting Engineers Eskom bulk power supply application
Epoch Resources Tailings disposal facility design
KPMG Tax and corporate structure
Metallurgical Development Services Independent process consultant
MSA Group Geological model and mineral resource estimation
SGS Minerals Services and
Mintek SA Beneficiation and hydrometallurgical studies
SNC Lavalin Group Design of the concentrator, acid cracking, sulphuric acid and separation plants, including
associated infrastructure and services, and capital and operating cost estimates
Sound Mining Solution Geotechnical assessment and mine design
Venmyn Rand Technical and economic review of the project, preparation of financial model and project
valuation, preparation of independent technical report on the results of the PEA and the PFS
Zandkopsdrift opex versus peers
51 │
(1) Molycorp Q1 2012 actual cost. Molycorp forecasts a 90% reduction in opex but does not
break down costs between separation and other operating costs
(2) Based on a US$/A$ exchange rate of 1.07 and a USD/ZAR rate of 7.8
Opex of Projects planning to or producing separated REOs
Zandkopsdrift’s concentrator and
separation plant opex compares
well with other rare earth projects
globally
Opex primarily driven by reagent
and energy costs
The PEA assumes that HCL for the
Saldanha Separation plant will be
purchased at market rates and that
a sulphuric acid plant will be built at
the mine site which will also provide
power to operate the mine and
concentrator
Frontier will continue to further
optimise the Zandkopsdrift Project
opex including looking at ‘over the
fence’ reagent supply opportunities
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
Lynas (2) Frontier (2) Arufura (2) Molycorp (1)
US
$ p
er
Kg
of
Se
para
ted
RE
O Separation cost per kg
Mining, conc. & transport cost per kg
Opex versus peers producing a mixed RE concentrate
52 │
Frontier’s operating cost for the
production of a mixed rare earth
concentrate is considerably lower than
for other projects that are planning on
producing a concentrate
The Opex cost advantage of
Zandkopsdrift deposit is driven by its
favourable location, relative ease of
mining, the monazite host mineral, and
the nature of the deposit.
(1) Based on a USD/Rand rate of 7.8
Projected Opex of projects producing RE concentrate
6.05
10.09 10.93 11.28
17.27
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frontier (1) Rare Element Tasman Quest Matamec
US$
per
Kg
of
Co
nce
ntr
ate
Capex versus peers producing mixed RE concentrate
53 │
Several of Frontier’s peers plan to produce a mixed
rare earth concentrate rather than separated rare
earth oxides
The production and sale of rare earth concentrate
may be a more challenging business model as, at
present, there are no available western separation
plants that can toll separate rare earth concentrate.
In addition sales of RE concentrate to China may
be impacted by the export quota system (and
therefore the price achievable for the RE
concentrate could be based on a discount to the
China domestic price rather than the China FOB
price as many projects have assumed)
The cost advantage of the Zandkopsdrift Project
can also be seen in the Capex cost of the
Zandkopsdrift mine and concentrator plants to
produce a mixed rare earth concentrate .
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
Frontier(20kt)
Matamec(5kt)
Rare Element(10kt)
Quest (12kt)
To
tal C
ost
US
$m
Mine & Concentrator - Total Costs
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Frontier(20kt)
Rare Element(10kt)
Quest (12kt) Matamec(5kt)
To
tal C
ost
Pe
r K
t R
EO
- U
S$
m
Mine & Concentrator Costs per kt of RE product
Rare Earth Oxide REO price
($/kg)2
Lynas Molycorp Frontier Rare Element Arafura Avalon Quest
Mt Weld Mtn Pass Zandkopsdrift Bear Lodge Nolans Bore Nechalacho Strange Lake
LR
EO
Lanthanum $14 25.2% 34.0% 25.4% 27.1% 19.8% 17.1% 14.4%
Cerium $15 45.2% 48.8% 44.2% 43.7% 47.6% 39.5% 30.0%
Praseodymium $83 4.9% 4.2% 4.5% 5.1% 5.8% 4.9% 3.3%
Neodymium $83 17.1% 11.7% 15.8% 18.0% 21.2% 19.2% 12.2%
Samarium $33 2.4% 0.8% 2.3% 2.7% 2.4% 3.8% 2.2%
HR
EO
Europium $1810 0.6% 0.1% 0.6% 0.7% 0.4% 0.5% 0.0%
Gadolinium $65 1.5% 0.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.0% 3.1% 2.2%
Terbium $1400 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 1.1%
Dysprosium $735 0.5% 0.1% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 1.8% 3.3%
Holmium* $0 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 1.1%
Erbium* $0 0.2% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 2.2%
Thulium* $0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%
Ytterbium* $0 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 2.2%
Lutetium* $0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%
Yttrium $58 2.0% 0.0% 4.1% 1.0% 1.3% 7.8% 25.6%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total – HREO 5.1% 0.5% 7.8% 3.4% 3.1% 15.5% 37.8%
Total – ‘Big 5’ 23.3% 16.1% 21.8% 24.1% 27.9% 26.8% 20.0%
Relative REO Distribution of Major Western Deposits
54 │
*No value attributed to Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium and Lutetium as these elements have small markets, are typically produced to order and do not have regularly published prices.
REO prices from Metal Pages 1 November 2012
Peer group includes selected advanced rare earth projects with >200k TREO calculated on a code-compliant basis
Metallurgical Sample Recovery Sites ( Q1 2011)
55 │
Metallurgical sample recovery sites
Frontier/KORES
Joint Venture Signing December 2011
56 │
Shin-Jong Kim, President and CEO of KORES (seated lhs) said:
“In order to support Korea’s high technology, automotive and other industries, the
development of Zandkopsdrift will be a strategic priority project for the KORES Consortium
and a critical element of KORES’ efforts to secure a long term, stable source of rare earth
supply for Korean industry.”
Transition from Weathered to Fresh CPB (circa 90 meters depth)
57 │
Transition from Weathered CPB
Lower Grade Fresh CPB
High Grade Weathered CPB