Frink, Maurice MSS 251

Maurice Frink lived in Boulder, Colorado where he was a professor at the University of Colorado before accepting his position as Director of the Colorado State Historical Society in Denver on June 7, 1954. The Maurice Frink collection has been divided into ten subgroups, each of which represents an area of interest in which Frink showed keen interest. Each subgroup has been briefly summarized, categorized and labeled.

Cattle Range Study

After becoming Director of the historical society, he was given the task to complete a research project, the "Western Range Cattle Industry Study," begun some years earlier by Herbert 0. Brayer. This two-year project, later incorporated into a book called When Grass was King. 1865-1895, was funded through a Rockefeller Grant. This collection is comprised of hundreds of correspondence letters written by Maurice Frink and letters written to him mainly between the years 1954 and 1956 and a few letters up to 1961. The research focused on the social and economic study of the range cattle industry in the four western states of New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana.

Frink's extensive research involved approximately 274letters of inquiry written by him to stock growers associations, colleges, historical societies, publishers, printers and individuals in Colorado, South Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, Arizona. Texas, Oklahoma, Kentucky, Montana, Illinois, California, New Mexico, and Washington D.C. He received a vast array of responses, totaling approximately 233 letters. In addition this correspondence includes financial negotiations, negotiated contributions by writers and authors familiar with the topic, as well as references to diaries, family histories, and statistics. The "Cattle Range Study" materials were organized into 24 File Folders as follows:

1. Maurice Frink- Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 2. Maurice Frink - Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 3. Maurice Frink- Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 4. Maurice Frink- Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 5. Maurice Frink- Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 6. Maurice Frink- Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 7. Maurice Frink- Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 8. Maurice Frink- Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 9. Maurice Frink- Correspondence, Cattle Range Study 10. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 11. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 12. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 13. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 14. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 15. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 16. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study

1954 Jan-Apr 1955 May-Aug 1955 Sept-Dec 1955 Jan-Apr 1956 May-July 1956 Aug-Dec 1956 1957 1958-59 1954 Jan-May 1955 June-Aug 1955 Oct-Nov 1955 Dec 1955 Jan-March 1956 Apr-May 1956

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17. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 18. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 19. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 20. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 21. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 22. Correspondence to Frink, Range Cattle Study 23. Range Cattle Study- Manuscript Draft #2 24. Range Cattle Study- Manuscript Draft #1

Photographer on an Army Mule

June-July 1956 Sept-Oct 1956 Nov-Dec 1956 1957 1958 1959,1961

Christian Barthelmes, an Army musician and photographer, served in the United States Regular Army from the years 1876-1903. Born in the state of Bavaria in Germany, Christian learned his musician trade and then took on the hobby of photography while serving in the 61

h U.S. Cavalry, and the 2nd, 13th, and 22nd Infantry. He packed his photographic equipment on the back of a mule and took hundreds of pictures of Native Americans, Army life, and scenic photos. Maurice Frink collaborated with Casey Barthelmes, son of Christian, and the University of Oklahoma Press to put in book form a 300 photographic, captioned collection of his most interesting pictures. The original title of this collection was "Shadow Catcher on an Army Mule", but the University of Oklahoma sales staff thought this title potentially too confusing for the public and with their strong recommendation the title was changed to Photographer on an Army Mule.

This Maurice Frink collection contains letters from Casey Frink, letters from the publisher, documents identifying certain pictures by number and captions, discussion of copyright, a draft copies of the final manuscript, correspondence pertaining to Arapahoe Chief Left Hand, and other correspondence between the individuals involved.

25. Frink- Army Mule- General Services Administration correspondence 26. Frink - Army Mule - Fort Keogh, Montana 27. Frink- Army Mule- Officer Roster, 6th U.S. Cavalry 28. Frink- Army Mule- "Der Westen", German publication by Christian Barthelmes 29. Frink- Army Mule- Swaine Family Information 30. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence, National Archives 31. Frink- Army Mule- Picture List 32. Frink- Army Mule- Casey Barthelmes --letters, articles, pictures--1950s and 1960s 33. Frink- Army Mule - Christian Barthelmes-photographer, army record 34. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence -- 1950s 35. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- 1950-1960 36. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- 1960s 37. Frink- Army Mule - Correspondence - Oct-Dec 1962 38. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- Jan-Feb 1963 39. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- March-Apr 1963 40. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- May-June 1963 41. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- July-Sept 1963 42. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- Oct-Dec 1963

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43. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- Jan-Aug 1964 44. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- Sept-Dec 1964 45. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- Jan-Apr 1965 46. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- May-June 1965 47. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- July-Aug 1965 48. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- Sept-Nov 1965 49. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence- Dec 1965 50. Frink- Army Mule - Correspondence - 1966 51. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence -1967 52. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence -1968,1969 53. Frink- Army Mule- Correspondence-- 1970 54. Frink- Army Mule- Manuscript and Correspondence, Arapahoe Chief Left Hand 55. Frink- Army Mule- Manuscript and Correspondence, Chief Left Hand Cont. 56. Frink- Army Mule- Book Manuscript (carbons) 57. Frink- Army Mule- Book Manuscript Cont. 58. Frink- Army Mule- U.S. Army 3rd. Infantry Division 59. Frink- Army Mule- Indian Wars, Bibliographies 60. Frink- Army Mule- Actions with Indians, Chronology List- 1866-1891

Indian Affairs

File Folders #61 - #73 contain information collected by Maurice Frink that deal with government accounting reports and general reports issued by the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Inspector General. Some reports refer to specific Indian tribes such as the improper use of tribal funds, and standards of living, while others are of a more general nature pertaining to education, mismanagement of public funds, and Indian policy.

61 . Frink - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Reports/ Articles, 1979-'83 62. Frink- General Accounting Report- Apaches of Arizona (Standard of Living), 1975 63. Frink- General Accounting Report- Indian Education, 1977 64. Frink- General Accounting Report- Indian Education, 1979-'80 65. Frink- General Accounting Report- Indian Education, 1980-'81 66. Frink- General Accounting Audit Report- Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1978-'80

(tribal participation in budget, controls over contracts, improper use of trust funds) 67. Frink- U.S. Interior Department- Indirect Cost Rates, 1980 68. Frink- U.S. Interior Department- Mismanagement Reports, 1978-'82 69. Frink- U.S. Interior Department- Mismanagement Reports, 1982-'83 70. Frink- U.S. Interior Department- Inspector General Report, 1980 71. Frink- U.S. Interior Department- Inspector General Reports, 1981-'82 72. Frink- U.S. Interior Department- Inspector General Reports, 1982-'83 73. Frink- U.S. Interior Department- Indian Policy, 1983

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Native Americans

This next section continues to focus on Native Americans with the perspective of specific tribes dealing with such issues as: tribal conflict, grants, audit reports, mining leases, and economic development.

74. Frink- Native Americans- Indian Policy ArticJes, 1983 75. Frink- Native Americans- Hopi/Navajo (changing influence and policy), 1981-'83 76. Frink- Native Americans- Hopi/Navajo, 1981-'83 Continued 77. Frink- Native Americans- Tribal Conflict (Bingo, gaming, cotruption), 1983 78. Frink- Native Americans- lnupiat Audit Report, Aug. 1981 79. Frink- Native Americans- Review of Grant-- Chippewa, June 1981 80. Frink- Native Americans- Grant Review Results - Indian Schools, Jan. 1982 81. Frink- Native Americans -Puyallup Schools Audit Report, March 1982 82. Frink- Native Americans- Indian Pueblo Council Audit Report, June 1982 83. Frink- Native Americans- Chippewa Audit Report, Sept. 1982 84. Frink- Native Americans- Audit of U.S. Property with Indian Groups, Feb. 1982 85. Frink- Native Americans- Audit Report- Alaska, March 1983 86. Frink- Native Americans- Hopi/Navajo News Articles, 1983 87. Frink- Native Americans- Mining Leases, 1983 88. Frink- Native Americans- Mining Leases, 1983 Continued 89. Frink- Native Americans- Comptroller General of U.S. Reports 90. Frink- Native Americans- Office of Inspector General, Whistleblowers

(list of incompetents) 91. Frink- Native Americans- Economic Development, 1981 92. Frink- Native Americans- Cuts in Education/Economic Development-- Articles 93. Frink- Native Americans- Tribal Council Expenses (articles), 1983 94. Frink- Native Americans -Pine Ridge- News Articles, 1982-'83 95. Frink- Native Americans- Pine Ridge- Audit Reports/Articles, 1982

Mole Lake Reservation-Mining

This section-- Mole Lake Reservation, located in Wisconsin- deals with Exxon's attempt to mine minerals on the reservation in the early 1980s. The articles, reports, and studies explore the environmental, social, and economic impact on the Native Americans living there.

96. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation -News Articles, 1983 97. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation- History and Interviews 98. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation -Impact Study/Summary, 1980 99. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation -Exxon Mining Impact 100. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation -Exxon Reports/Statistics, 1983 101. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation -Environmental/Health Concerns 102. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation- Environmental Study, Vol. ll 103. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation- Report on Tribal Jobs vs. Exxon Mining 104. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation- On-site Visit Summary, 1979

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105. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation- Articles and Brochures on Mining 106. Frink- Mole Lake Reservation- Other Tribes- Articles

Pueblo Indians of Laguna

The Pueblo Indians of Laguna, New Mexico report health hazards attributed to the mining of uranium on their land in the early 1980s. Three folders contain information gathered by Frink.

107. Frink- Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico- Uranium Mining 108. Frink- Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico- Health Hazards - Articles 109. Frink- Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico- Empire Magazine Report, Denver Post

Water Disputes

In the late 1970s and early 1980s shrinking water resources and water disputes was in the forefront of the news. The following section provides information concerning such disputes on Indian lands in the Southwest and Northwest.

110. Frink- Energy on Indian Lands (minerals, petroleum, water), 1980-'82 111. Frink- Water Resources and disputes- Miscellaneous Articles, 1980-'82 112. Frink- Crime and violence (national and international) News Articles 113. Frink- Indian Speech- Use of Indian Land in the 201

h Century, 1985 114. Frink- Freedom of Information Act (pertaining to felonies), 1981-'82 115. Frink- Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, 1982-'83 116. Frink- Bibliographies- Indian Issues, 1980-'83 117. Frink - Bibliographies Continued 118. Frink- Navajo Water Rights Battle, 1983 119. Frink- Wyoming Indian Water Rights- Articles, 1983 120. Frink- Navajo and Ute Water Rights Issue- Articles, 1983 121. Frink- Executive Orders, Acts, Congressional Record --1882, 1974, 1980

(Navajo and Hopi Indians) 122. Frink- Hopi/Navajo Land Disputes (reports, documents), 1979 123. Frink- Water Rights Dispute (Arizona, Colorado, California), 1983 124. Frink- Blackfeet Land Study in Montana, 1983 125. Frink- Indian Water Rights (general), 1980s 126. Frink- Arizona vs. San Carlos Apache (water rights), 1982 127. Frink- Supreme Court Financial Disclosures, 1983

(O'Conner, White, Rehnquist) 128. Frink- Western Shoshone People and Lands, 1981 publication 129. Frink- Arizona Water Dispute (Papagos and Yavapai tribes), 1982 130. Frink- Nevada Water Dispute (Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe), 1983 131. Frink -- Water Dispute (general), 1983 132. Frink- Northwest Fishing Rights Dispute- Indian Fishing and Hunting Claims 133. Frink- Indian Land Use (general), 1983 134. Frink- Quinault Indian Tribe (general), 1980s

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135. Frink- Council of Energy Resource Tribes, 1980s (American Indian Tribe Coalition)

136. Frink- Indian Lawyers- Conflict of Interest, 1980s 137. Frink- Alaskan Natives Act (claims), 1980s

Native Americans (Misc. Issues)

This next section contains miscellaneous material pertaining to Native Americans. 138. Frink- Indian Commissioner, Robert Bennett, 1969 139. Frink- Anthropology of Native Americans 140. Frink- Mesa Verde- Articles 141. Frink- Indian Museums 142. Frink- Oregon Trail (map and description) 143. Frink- Pawnee Buttes 144. Frink- Penitentes (secret men's order} 145. Frink- Rodeo- "Hoofs and Horns" publication 146. Frink- Eskimo Article 147. Frink- Arizona Highways, 1969 148. Frink- Zuni Indians 149. Frink- Apache Indians (articles, newsletters) 150. Frink- Forts of Colorado Pamphlets (Fort Laramie, Fort Garland, Bent's Fort)

All American Indian Days

Maurice Frink often attended the "All American Indian Days", held annually in Sheridan Wyoming. This section contains booklets and other materials for each year from 1952 through 1966.

151. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1952-'53 152. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1954-'55 153. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1956 154. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1957 155. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1958 156. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1959 157. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1960 158. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1961 159. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1962 160. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1963 161. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1964 162. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1965 163. Frink- All American Indian Days, 1966 164. Frink- All American Indian Days (general/miscellaneous)

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Miscellaneous Correspondence

Frink carried on correspondence with many individuals pertaining to either a special project or an item of special interest. The following are items of correspondence with those individuals not involved in an ongoing special project:

165. Frink- Anderson, Harry (Milwaukee County Historic Society) 166. Frink- Burshears, J.F. (Buck), (Koshare Indians) 167. Frink- Fenwick, Robert (Denver Post Writer, Articles) 168. Frink- Gilbert, Hila (Wyoming Historical Society) 169. Frink- Guie, H. Dean ('Old Joe Leather' Articles) 170. Frink- Harrison, Michael 171. Frink- Hollowbrest, Donald 172. Frink- Hough, Harry (Governor's Interstate Indian Council) 173. Frink- Krakel, Dean F. (University of Wyoming Library) 174. Frink- Laubin, Reginald & Gladys (Indian Dancers) 175. Frink·· Lochrie, Elizabeth 176. Frink- Micaud, Ellen (Art Department, University of Denver·- letters, resume) 177. Frink- Price, Gene (Marathon Oil Company) 178. Frink - Spring, Agnes 179. Frink- Tumey, Dee 180. Frink- Miscellaneous News Clips and Personals, 1905-'32

Architecture

Architecture, especially of the cities of Denver, Seattle, and Portland, were of special interest to Maurice Frink. This final section is a collection of architectural city plans, reports, land use, bulletins, newsletters, and the architecture of art museums.

181. Frink- Denver (city plan and architecture) 182. Frink- Portland (city plan and architecture) 183. Frink- Portland (city plan and architecture continued) 184. Frink- Seattle (city plan, land use, architecture) 185. Frink- Seattle (architectural reports, 1931-'34) 186. Frink- Society of Architectural Historians 187. Frink- Architectural Preservation Forum (bulletin --Dec. 1979 to April 1983) 188. Frink- Society of Architectural Historians (newsletter- 1976-'80) 189. Frink- Society of Architectural Historians (newsletter- 1981-'83) 190. Frink- Notes on "In the Nature of Materials" 191. Frink- Growth of Cities; Portland City Plan; news articles 192. Frink- 22 Photographs (4x6) of Seattle and Portland, circa 1900 193. Frink- American Institute of Architects (newsletters- Nov. 1981-Dec. '82) 194. Frink-- American Institute of Architects (newsletters- 1983-'84) 195. Frink- Colorado Society of Architects (newsletters- Jan to Dec. 1983) 196. Frink- Colorado Society of Architects (Field Report. 1983-'84) 197. Frink- Manitou Springs, Colorado (layout)

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198. Frink- "American Urban" (guide notes, 1981-'83) 199. Frink- Miscellaneous Newsletters, 1983 200. Frink- National Trust for Historic Preservation (newspapers, 1983-'84) 201. Frink- Case of Henry Trost by Lloyd Engel Brecht 202. Frink- Analysis of Seattle Art Museum, 1981 203. Frink- Seattle Art Museum (architectural development, 1983) 204. Frink- H. M. Wonning (article, April 1983) 205. Frink- Seattle Park Commissioner Report, 1902-1927 206. Frink- Seattle Land Use and Transportation Project, 1983 207. Frink- Seattle Park Commission (Volunteer Park, 1904-'55) 208. Frink- Seattle Volunteer Park (map, history) 209. Frink- Seattle Art Commission (news articles) 210. Frink- Portland Art Museum (history) 211. Frink - Seattle Art Museum (history and notes) 212. Frink - Seattle Art Museum 213. Frink- Denver Art Museum (articles) 214. Frink- Boulder Historical Society (articles, 1963-'71)

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