Friendly Alert:

Test # 2, this Friday (11 April 14)covers Indonesia and Japan

(Review sheets & PowerPoint Slides posted on web)

The World

Africa(physical features)

Africa(population

density)

Africa(climate)

Languages of the World

Language Groups of

Africa

Bantu languages – Southern Africa(400 languages, 100 million speakers)

Language Approx. # of speakers Main geographic area

Fang 560 000 Cameroon, GabonBoulou CameroonEwondo CameroonDouala 400 000 CameroonBamileke 2 million CameroonLuva 6.3 million Congo-KinshasaTshiluba 6 million Congo-KinshasaLingala 8 million Central African Republic,

Congo-Brazzaville,Congo-Kinshasa

Kikongo 6 million Angola, Congo-Brazzaville,Congo-Kinshasa

Kituba 5 million Congo (South)Luganda 4 million UgandaMakoua UgandaKinyarwanda-Kirundi 15 million Rwanda, Burundi

Bantu languages – Southern Africa(cont’d)

Language Approx. # of speakers Main geographic area

Swahili 30 million Tanzania, Kenya,Uganda, Congo DR,

Rwanda, BurundiKikouyou 4.6 million KenyaSukuma TanzaniaBemba ZambiaNyanja (chewa, chinyanja) 3.2 million Malawi, ZambiaKimbundu 3 million AngolaUmbundu 4 million AngolaShona 10 million Mozambique, Zambia,

ZimbabweSotho 3.5 million South AfricaTswana 3 million South Africa, BotswanaZulu 5 million South AfricaNdebele 1 million Zimbabwe, South AfricaXhosa 4 million South AfricaComorian languages 900 000 Comoros

MAJOR TRIBES OF AFRICA (1)• Afar Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia• Amhara Central highland plateau of Ethiopia• Anlo-Ewe SE corner of Ghana• Ashanti Central Ghana• Bakongo Atlantic coast of Africa from Pointe-Noire,

Republic of Congo to Luanda, Angola• Bambara Mali• Bemba NE Zambia• Berber Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt• Bobo W Burkina Faso, Mali• Chewa Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi• Dogon SE Mali, Burkina Faso• Fon Benin• Fulani West Africa

MAJOR TRIBES OF AFRICA (2)• Ibo Nigeria• Kikuyu Kenya• Mandinka Senegal, The Gambia, Mali, Guinea-Bissau,

Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire• Masai East Africa• Pygmy Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon,

Gabon, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Republic of Congo

• Samburu Kenya• San Kalahari Desert in southern Africa• Senufo N Cote d’Ivoire, Mali• Tuareg N Mali• Wolof Senegal• Yoruba SW Nigeria, Benin • Zulu South Africa  

African Tribal Groups (1929)

West African Tribes

More African Tribal Groups

East Africa (Tanzania)West Central Africa (Congo River Basin)

Benin (West Africa)

Political Tribal groups

Africa(Colonial)

Africa(political)

General African Music Traits

• Emphasis on Rhythm

• Use of Percussion

• Density of Timbre (“buzzy sound”)

• Use of Ostinato

• Use of interlocking parts

• Call and Response

• Controlled Improvisation

Mbira

• Plucked Idiophone

• Lamellaphone (Lamella = “Tongue”)

• Mbira – common name in Zimbabwe and most of Sub-Saharan Africa

• Called Kalimba in Kenya, Ikembe in Rwanda, Likembe in Congo

• Called “thumb piano,” “gourd piano,” “finger harp,” etc. in West

Mbira

Mbira

Zimbabwe(formerly Rhodesia)

Mineral Reserves (South Africa)

A Shona Village

Shona Farmlands

Bira

Bira• Ceremony for spirit of a dead ancestor

• Burial of the body (flesh = black shadow)

• Worm (gonye) emerges from grave and the spirit (white shadow) wanders about 1 year

• Bira (ceremony) – welcomes spirit home- food (ground corn & meat, beer, etc.)- music (played by Mbira and Hosho)

• Spirit admitted back into family circle

Mbira on YouTube

• Mbira - Spirit of the People (Thomas Mapfumo, Oliver Mtukudzi)

• YouTube - Lessons from the Mbira at Duke University