Do Now:Do Now:

How do these images reflect the power of Louis XIV?

What do you think is going on in this picture? What do you think is going on in this picture? (who, what, where, when, why?)(who, what, where, when, why?)

The October March: October of 1789, the market women were frustrated at the scarcity and high price of bread. They rallied together, overtook the city armory and marched to the Palace of Versailles. They eventually forced the King to move to Paris to live among the people.

The October March: October of 1789, the market women were frustrated at the scarcity and high price of bread. They rallied together, overtook the city armory and marched to the Palace of Versailles. They eventually forced the King to move to Paris to live among the people.

Long Term Causes Long Term Causes of of

The French The French RevolutionRevolution

King’s Louis XVI’s King’s Louis XVI’s Abuse of PowerAbuse of Power

He could arrest anyone on any charge

He spent large amounts of money on himself

There were no fair trials

He was a poor leader and France was bankrupt!

Married Austrian princess, Marie Antoinette

Inequality Among Social ClassesInequality Among Social Classes

They got the most They got the most important important

government government jobsjobs, , paid paid no taxesno taxes, ,

and and lived in lived in luxury.luxury.

They got the most They got the most important important

government government jobsjobs, , paid paid no taxesno taxes, ,

and and lived in lived in luxury.luxury.

Privileged Class - 3% of the population• First Estate: Members of the Clergy• Second Estate: Wealthy Nobles

Privileged Class - 3% of the population• First Estate: Members of the Clergy• Second Estate: Wealthy Nobles

Film ClipFilm Clip

Underprivileged Class Underprivileged Class (The bourgeoisie)(The bourgeoisie) - - 97%97% population population Third Estate: Third Estate: Doctors, lawyers, merchants, farmersDoctors, lawyers, merchants, farmers Paid most Paid most taxestaxes, most were poor, no say in the government, most were poor, no say in the government

Underprivileged Class Underprivileged Class (The bourgeoisie)(The bourgeoisie) - - 97%97% population population Third Estate: Third Estate: Doctors, lawyers, merchants, farmersDoctors, lawyers, merchants, farmers Paid most Paid most taxestaxes, most were poor, no say in the government, most were poor, no say in the government

The First and Second Estates supported by heavy taxes imposed on the Third Estate.

The First and Second Estates supported by heavy taxes imposed on the Third Estate.

What conclusion about France’s three estates can be drawn from the

situation depicted in this cartoon?

What conclusion about France’s three estates can be drawn from the

situation depicted in this cartoon?

Unfair TaxesUnfair Taxes Costly wars and lavish

spending increased need for taxes

High taxes were applied to the Third Estate

The First and Second Estate were exempt from taxes

Merchants raised prices which hurt economy.

Enlightenment IdeasEnlightenment Ideas

• Stirred interest in reforming the monarchy and ending privileges of the clergy and nobles

• American Revolution inspired French Revolution

• Stirred interest in reforming the monarchy and ending privileges of the clergy and nobles

• American Revolution inspired French Revolution

John Locke

Voltaire

People have three natural rights,

“Life, Liberty, and Property.”

Government is there to protect

those rights. The people have a

right to change their government

if it fails to do so.

People have three natural rights,

“Life, Liberty, and Property.”

Government is there to protect

those rights. The people have a

right to change their government

if it fails to do so. Fought for freedom of

speech by saying, “I

do not agree with a

word you say, but I will

defend to the death

your right to say it.”

Fought for freedom of

speech by saying, “I

do not agree with a

word you say, but I will

defend to the death

your right to say it.”

Short Term CausesShort Term Causes

Nobles refused to pay taxes unless King summoned Estates General, with all 3 classes represented

The nobles wanted to use the Estates General to control the king.

Nobles refused to pay taxes unless King summoned Estates General, with all 3 classes represented

The nobles wanted to use the Estates General to control the king.

1. The Estates General1. The Estates General

97%16003rd

2%12002nd

1%12001st

Percentage of the

population

Votes in the Estates General

Representatives in the

Estates General

Estate

or Social Class

However, due to unfair voting methods, the Third Estate, or BOURGEOISIE, left the Estates General and created their

own National Assembly

However, due to unfair voting methods, the Third Estate, or BOURGEOISIE, left the Estates General and created their

own National Assembly

Unfair

VotingUnfair

Voting

Tennis Court Oath – June Tennis Court Oath – June 2020thth 1789 1789

Tennis Court Oath - The Third Estate stormed the King’s indoor tennis court. They demanded a constitution for France and swore not to

leave until their demands were met.

Tennis Court Oath - The Third Estate stormed the King’s indoor tennis court. They demanded a constitution for France and swore not to

leave until their demands were met.

Tennis Court OathTennis Court Oath

2. National 2. National AssemblyAssembly Created June 17, 1789 Created June 17, 1789

The Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly.Wrote a Constitution (1791): Reformed government by establishing a LIMITED MONARCHY.Abolished special treatment of nobles and clergy.

The Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly.Wrote a Constitution (1791): Reformed government by establishing a LIMITED MONARCHY.Abolished special treatment of nobles and clergy.

“The Third Estate Awakens”“The Third Estate Awakens”

What do you think is going to happen now that the Third Estate has awoken?What do you think is going to happen now that the Third Estate has awoken?

The Bourgeoisie storm and capture the Bastille, a

Paris prison and a symbol of the OLD REGIME.

The Bourgeoisie storm and capture the Bastille, a

Paris prison and a symbol of the OLD REGIME.

The Spark of the Revolution!The Spark of the Revolution!

BASTILLE DAY BASTILLE DAY July 14, 1789July 14, 1789

This was considered a victory for the masses. It displayed the power of the Bourgeoisie and marked the start of the Revolution.

This was considered a victory for the masses. It displayed the power of the Bourgeoisie and marked the start of the Revolution.

““Liberty, Liberty, EqualityEquality, , Fraternity”Fraternity”

SloganSlogan

CausesCausesThe Reign of Terror!The Reign of Terror!

2. Prussia and Austria declare war on France to aid Royal Family and restore Monarchy.

3. A RADICAL group (Jacobins) took over the Assembly and declared France a Republic.

2. Prussia and Austria declare war on France to aid Royal Family and restore Monarchy.

3. A RADICAL group (Jacobins) took over the Assembly and declared France a Republic.

1. King Louis XVI and his family are captured and brought to Paris.

1. King Louis XVI and his family are captured and brought to Paris.

4. The radicals were led by Maximilien Robespierre and set up the Committee on Public Safety.

4. The radicals were led by Maximilien Robespierre and set up the Committee on Public Safety.

REIGN OF REIGN OF TERROR TERROR

(1793-1794)(1793-1794)

5. The Republic began to execute

anyone considered an “enemy” of the

revolution.Anyone who spoke out was beheaded with the Guillotine

5. The Republic began to execute

anyone considered an “enemy” of the

revolution.Anyone who spoke out was beheaded with the Guillotine

How was the Guillotine a symbol of equality?

How was the Guillotine a symbol of equality?

BeforeAfter

Execution of King Louis XVI!Execution of King Louis XVI!

6. King Louis XVI was put on trial by treason, found guilty, beheaded in 1793.

6. King Louis XVI was put on trial by treason, found guilty, beheaded in 1793.

End of the Reign of TerrorEnd of the Reign of TerrorFinally, moderate leaders were able to take back power once threat of Finally, moderate leaders were able to take back power once threat of

war ended. war ended. RobespierreRobespierre and other radical leaders were executed. and other radical leaders were executed.

Results of the French RevolutionResults of the French Revolution1. Political power in France shifted from Kings and 1. Political power in France shifted from Kings and

Nobility to the Nobility to the BourgeoisieBourgeoisie (Middle Class). (Middle Class).

2. Increased Nationalist feelings in France and 2. Increased Nationalist feelings in France and elsewhere.elsewhere.

3. Ideals of Revolution like “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” 3. Ideals of Revolution like “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” spread to other parts of Europe and the rest of the spread to other parts of Europe and the rest of the world….world….

4. A new leader emerges and becomes one of the most 4. A new leader emerges and becomes one of the most

powerful dictators in European History…powerful dictators in European History…

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

You Idiot!

NapoleonNapoleonUse three words to Use three words to describe how the describe how the

artist portrays artist portrays Napoleon.Napoleon.

Describe the Describe the symbolism you see in symbolism you see in

this painting?this painting?

“France has more need of me than I have need of France.”

Napoleon Crossing the AlpsNapoleon Crossing the Alps

Paul Delaroche, 1850Paul Delaroche, 1850 Jacques-Louis David, 1801Jacques-Louis David, 1801

Do Now:Answer the two questions on the worksheet

NapoleonNapoleonNapoleonNapoleon

1. A brilliant military leader, Napoleon became a general at the age of 24.

1. A brilliant military leader, Napoleon became a general at the age of 24.

2. In 1799, the popular general took over the government in a coup d’etat and

named himself first consul.

2. In 1799, the popular general took over the government in a coup d’etat and

named himself first consul.

3. In 1802 he became consul for life

4. In 1804 he crowned himself Emperor

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon BonapartePositive Impact Negative Impact

Pope Pius VII

Allowed Religious FreedomLimited free speech and censored newspapers

Used secret police and spies to find political opponents

Used Propaganda to manipulate public opinion

Napoleonic Code created stable code of civil laws

Encouraged new industry, built roads, canals, and bridgesProtected private property

French conquests spark nationalism

Allowed Religious Freedom Limited free speech and censored newspapers

Used secret police and spies to find political opponents

Used Propaganda to manipulate public opinion

Napoleonic Code created stable code of civil laws

Restored patriarchal authority and limited women’s rights

Created the Bank of FranceSet up French public schools

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon BonapartePositive Impact Negative Impact

Crowned himself Emperor and gave himself total authorityGave legal equality to all men

Established law and orderThink about this…Is Napoleon a Hero or a Tyrant?

How does this Painting portray the condition of the French Army in Russia?How does this Painting portray the condition of the French Army in Russia?

Do Now:Do Now:

Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s Empire

Invasion of Moscow – Epic FailInvasion of Moscow – Epic Fail

• In 1812, Napoleon sent 600,000 troops to invade Russia.• The Russians retreated and utilized a “Scorched Earth” policy, burning crops, villages, and cities.• When the harsh winter arrived, the French Troops had little food and no shelter. • The French were forced to retreat 1,000 miles. Only 100,000 survived.

• In 1812, Napoleon sent 600,000 troops to invade Russia.• The Russians retreated and utilized a “Scorched Earth” policy, burning crops, villages, and cities.• When the harsh winter arrived, the French Troops had little food and no shelter. • The French were forced to retreat 1,000 miles. Only 100,000 survived.

How does this Painting portray the condition of the French Army in Russia?How does this Painting portray the condition of the French Army in Russia?

Abdication of the ThroneAbdication of the Throne

In 1813, Napoleon was defeated In 1813, Napoleon was defeated and France was threatened by a and France was threatened by a new alliance of Russia, Britain, new alliance of Russia, Britain,

Austria, and Prussia.Austria, and Prussia.

With little support from the With little support from the French people or army, Napoleon French people or army, Napoleon decided to abdicate, or give up, decided to abdicate, or give up,

his throne.his throne.

They sent him into exile to the They sent him into exile to the Island of Elba and named Louis Island of Elba and named Louis

XVIII, the brother of Louis XVI, as XVIII, the brother of Louis XVI, as King of France.King of France.

• In 1813, Napoleon was defeated and France was threatened by a new alliance of Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia.•With little support from the French people or army, Napoleon abdicated, or gave up, his throne.

• In 1813, Napoleon was defeated and France was threatened by a new alliance of Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia.•With little support from the French people or army, Napoleon abdicated, or gave up, his throne.

How has image of Napoleon changed?

The Island of ElbaThe Island of ElbaThey sent him into exile to the Island of Elba and named Louis XVIII, the brother

of Louis XVI, as King of France.

The Comeback!The Comeback!

In 1815, Napoleon escaped the island of Elba and began a “Hundred Day Campaign” to Paris. As Napoleon marched towards Paris, soldiers and citizens began to support

him. King Louis XVIII fled and Napoleon was back!

"From Napoleon to Louis XVIII. My good brother - there "From Napoleon to Louis XVIII. My good brother - there is no need to send any more troops - I have enough."is no need to send any more troops - I have enough."

"I am your Emperor. If there is any one among you who wishes to kill his emperor, here I am."

Battle of WaterlooBattle of Waterloo

June 18th, 1815, Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by an allied force of British and Prussian

troops.

June 18th, 1815, Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by an allied force of British and Prussian

troops.

Exiled!Exiled!

• Once again, Napoleon abdicated the throne. • This time, he was sent to the small Atlantic island of St. Helena.• Napoleon died in 1821 of stomach cancer. Recent studies suggest Napoleon may have been poisoned. Others say he may have secretly escaped.

• Once again, Napoleon abdicated the throne. • This time, he was sent to the small Atlantic island of St. Helena.• Napoleon died in 1821 of stomach cancer. Recent studies suggest Napoleon may have been poisoned. Others say he may have secretly escaped.

Napoleon’s TombNapoleon’s Tomb

LegacyLegacy“I closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out of chaos. I rewarded merit regardless of birth or wealth, wherever I found it. I abolished feudalism and restored equality to all regardless of religion and before the law. I fought the decrepit monarchies of the Old Regime because the alternative was the destruction of all this. I

purified the Revolution.”  

Did Napoleon do more to preserve the legacy of the French Revolution or to destroy it?

Is he a Hero or a Tyrant?

"So he too is nothing more than an ordinary man. Now he will also trample all human rights underfoot, and only pander to his ambition; he will place himself above everyone else and become a tyrant!"

- Ludwig von Beethoven

Following the defeat of Napoleon, the major European powers of the day met in Vienna, Austria to establish a plan for peace and resolve

other problems that were created by Napoleon. This was called The Congress of Vienna. The major powers involved

were Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain, and France.

Congress of Vienna

Headed by Austria's Prince Metternich, the Congress of Vienna

attempted to stem the tide of nationalism

sweeping across Europe. He wanted to prevent another Napoleon from

ever taking over Europe.

Headed by Austria's Prince Metternich, the Congress of Vienna

attempted to stem the tide of nationalism

sweeping across Europe. He wanted to prevent another Napoleon from

ever taking over Europe.

The Age of Metternich

1. Create a balance of power. This means that one nation should not be allowed to dominate and threaten other nations. This would ensure that no future emperors would conquer Europe like Napoleon had done.

2. Restore legitimacy – This meant restoring the absolutist ruling families to their thrones. (turn back the clock)

The Congress had two

main goals:

3. Although the leaders of Europe wanted to weaken France, they chose to keep the country intact to prevent French resentment or nationalism and keep a balance of power.

3. Although the leaders of Europe wanted to weaken France, they chose to keep the country intact to prevent French resentment or nationalism and keep a balance of power.

Countries around France were strengthened. The Spanish Monarchy was restored, The Netherlands was created and Prussia and Austria gained power.

Louis XVIII was put back on French throne.

Peace in Europe lasted 40 years and large scale was was prevented for 100 years until WWI.