chapter 23 the french revolution and napoleon. section 1 the french revolution begins
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 23
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND
NAPOLEON
Section 1THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION BEGINS
Old Regime
Estates
Third Estate
Tax System
King Louis XVI
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
Tennis Court Oath
Bastile Day
Louis XVI
Causes of the French Revolution
The social and political system in use in France in the 1770s Has been in place since the Middle Ages
OLD REGIME
First and Second Make up only 2 percent of the population
ESTATES
Third Make up 98 percent of the population
Bourgeoisie Group that most strongly embraced the ideals and principles of the
enlightenment
THIRD ESTATE
WHY DID PEOPLE OF THE THIRD ESTATE REVOLT?
Third Estate Paid almost all of the taxes
TAX SYSTEM
KING LOUIS XVI
Spokesman for the Third Estate (Not a member) Recommended that it’s delegates should name themselves the
National Assembly Suggested that they pass laws and make reforms in the name of the
French people
EMMANUEL-JOSEPH SIEYES
A pledge by the Third Estate to continue meeting (after they were forced to find a new meeting place) until they had drawn up a new constitution.
TENNIS COURT OATH
July 14, 1789 A mob stormed the prison looking for gunpowder
BASTILE DAY
Called up mercenary troops Caused the widespread emotional reaction called the Great Fear
LOUIS XVI
WHAT EVENTS SIGNIFIED THE END OF THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY AND THE BEGINNING OF REPRESENTATIVE
GOVERNMENT
Section 2REVOLUTION BRINGS
REFORM TERROR
Declaration of the rights of man
Olympe de Gouges
National Assembly
Legislative Assembly
Factions
Émigrés
San-culottes
Jean-Paul Marat
Guillotine
Maximilien Robespierre
Committee of Public Safety
Robespierre
National Convention
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN
Stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”
Wrote a strong response to “A Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” Did not give the same rights to women that it gave to men
OLYMPE DE GOUGES
Lost support of many French peasants Took away the Catholic Church’s lands and independence
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
Name of the government body that replaced the National Assembly
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
Right wing Describes the most conservative members of the Legislative
AssemblyLeft wing
Describes the most radical members of the Legislative Assembly
FACTIONS
Refers to the nobles who fled France but still hoped to restore the monarchy
Émigrés
Radical group Named for the style of breeches its members wore
SAN-CULOTTES
Radical revolutionary Fatally stabbed by another revolutionary
JEAN-PAUL MARAT
Invented to further humane goals Often used in contradiction to such goals
Who was safe during the Reign of Terror? No one
GUILLOTINE
Claimed it was possible to build a “republic of virtue” Came to be known as the Reign of Terror
MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE
Imposed the Reign of Terror
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
Forced from power by fellow revolutionaries
ROBESPIERRE
Put an end to the Reign of Terror Out of fear for their own safety
NATIONAL CONVENTION
WHY DO YOU THINK THE REIGN OF TERROR OCCURRED AND WENT ON AS LONG AS IT DID?
WHAT MIGHT HAVE CAUSED THE FRENCH PEOPLE TO EMBRACE NAPOLEON AS EMPEROR SO SOON AFTER FIGHTING A REVOLUTION THAT RID THEM OF A KING?
Section 4Napoleon’s empire
collapses
Continental System
Defeats
Elba
100 Days
Napoleon’s attempt to make Europe more self-sufficient Britain’s reaction
Organized it’s own blockade
CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
Describe Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812. Why was it so unwise
What events led to Napoleon’s downfall?
Napoleon Defeated by King Frederick William III of Prussia and Czar
Alexander I of Russia Exiled to Elba
DEFEATS
Napoleon escapes Gathers volunteers and seizes power from King Louis XVIII
ELBA
Napoleons last bid for power Ended with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo
100 DAYS
What aspect of Napoleon’s character or personality do you think was most responsible for the collapse of his empire? Explain?
Section 5THE CONGRESS OF
VIENNA
Congress of Vienna
Prince Klemens von Metternich
Congress of Vienna
Holy Alliance
Congress of Vienna
Main goal of participants Establish security and stability for the nations of Europe
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
Foreign minister of AustriaMost influential leader at the Congress of Vienna
PRINCE KLEMENS VON METTERNICH
Accomplishments Reinstating the royal families dethroned by Napoleon Creating a balance of power among European nations Surrounding France with strong neighboring countries
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
RussiaAustriaPrussia
HOLY ALLIANCE
Helped generate independence movements in South America
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
Accomplishments Detriments
WHAT DID THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA ACCOMPLISH THAT HAD A REAL AND LASTING VALUE FOR THE WELFARE OF EUROPE, AND WHICH OF ITS ACCOMPLISHMENTS WERE HARMFUL TO EUROPE'S FUTURE?