french and indian war ► guerrilla warfare: form of warfare based largely on “hit and run”...

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

►Guerrilla Warfare: Guerrilla Warfare: form of warfare form of warfare based largely on based largely on “hit and run” tactics“hit and run” tactics

►Ohio River Valley: Ohio River Valley: Region west of Region west of colonies that colonies that provided trade link provided trade link to Mississippi and to Mississippi and many resourcesmany resources

► French controlled French controlled much of Canada, much of Canada, called colony “New called colony “New France”France”

► Britain and France Britain and France were traditional were traditional enemiesenemies

► Both countries Both countries claimed Ohio River claimed Ohio River ValleyValley


► Iroquois: powerful Iroquois: powerful native tribe; allied with native tribe; allied with BritishBritish

► Algonquin and Huron: Algonquin and Huron: Native tribes who allied Native tribes who allied with Frenchwith French

► NATIVE RELATIONS: NATIVE RELATIONS: BRITAIN V. FRANCEBRITAIN V. FRANCE

► French: French: • Did not destroy native Did not destroy native

hunting groundshunting grounds• Often married native Often married native

women and adopted women and adopted native ways of lifenative ways of life

• Often paid for or rented Often paid for or rented land from nativesland from natives

• Generally respected Generally respected native way of life more native way of life more than British didthan British did


►NATIVE RELATIONS: NATIVE RELATIONS: BRITAIN V. FRANCEBRITAIN V. FRANCE

► British:British:• Took land if they Took land if they

wanted itwanted it• Had little respect for Had little respect for

native way of lifenative way of life• Cleared hunting Cleared hunting

land for farms and land for farms and settlementssettlements


► Conflict between Conflict between France and England France and England begins in 1754 – begins in 1754 – called French and called French and Indian war because Indian war because it involved fighting it involved fighting natives and Frenchnatives and French

► British sent 22 year British sent 22 year old George old George Washington to Ohio Washington to Ohio River Valley to kick River Valley to kick French out.French out.


►Washington took 150 Washington took 150 men to boot the French men to boot the French out and build a fortout and build a fort

► Found that French had Found that French had built Ft. Duquesne at built Ft. Duquesne at location where he location where he planned to build fortplanned to build fort

►GW heard that French GW heard that French were going to attack and were going to attack and quickly built fortifications quickly built fortifications called “Ft. Necessity”called “Ft. Necessity”


► French and Indians French and Indians had 700 troops who had 700 troops who used guerrilla used guerrilla tactics to defeat GWtactics to defeat GW

►GW surrendered; GW surrendered; French released him French released him and sent him back and sent him back to Virginiato Virginia


► Albany Plan of Albany Plan of Union: plan to unite Union: plan to unite colonies under one colonies under one central governmentcentral government

►Delegate: Delegate: representative or representative or spokespersonspokesperson

►Delegates from 7 Delegates from 7 colonies met in colonies met in Albany, NY to make Albany, NY to make alliance with Iroquois alliance with Iroquois and to try to unite and to try to unite colonies under one colonies under one governmentgovernment

► Alliance with Iroquois Alliance with Iroquois was approved, but was approved, but colonies did NOT agree colonies did NOT agree to central government to central government


► 1755, British send 1755, British send General Braddock to General Braddock to attack Frenchattack French

• Braddock was Braddock was experienced in experienced in British army and British army and very stubbornvery stubborn

• Had little or no Had little or no experience fighting experience fighting in wilderness and in wilderness and against guerrilla against guerrilla tacticstactics


►GW tried to warn GW tried to warn Braddock about Braddock about guerrilla tactics; guerrilla tactics; Braddock ignored Braddock ignored himhim

► French and Indians French and Indians launched surprise launched surprise attack: Braddock attack: Braddock killed; his troops killed; his troops defeated.defeated.


► French and Indians fight hard French and Indians fight hard and drive back British; Spain and drive back British; Spain supports Francesupports France

► British suffer defeat over and British suffer defeat over and over for two yearsover for two years

► 1757 William Pitt takes control 1757 William Pitt takes control of British government; orders of British government; orders army to make victory against army to make victory against French highest priority.French highest priority.

► 1758 Brits take Ft. Duquesne 1758 Brits take Ft. Duquesne and rename it Ft. Pitt – now on and rename it Ft. Pitt – now on site of modern Pittsburgh, PAsite of modern Pittsburgh, PA


► 1759 British invade New 1759 British invade New FranceFrance

► Brits take capital city of Brits take capital city of Quebec; French Quebec; French surrendersurrender

► Peace treaty signed in Peace treaty signed in Paris, France, 1763 – Paris, France, 1763 – Seven years later (War Seven years later (War often called Seven often called Seven Years War)Years War)


► Treaty: An official Treaty: An official agreement between agreement between two countries – can be two countries – can be for trade, peace, or for trade, peace, or militarymilitary

► Terms of Treaty of Terms of Treaty of Paris:Paris:

► British get: Canada, all British get: Canada, all French land east of French land east of Mississippi except New Mississippi except New Orleans, FloridaOrleans, Florida

► Spanish get: All French Spanish get: All French land west of Mississippi land west of Mississippi and New Orleansand New Orleans

► France keeps: Sugar France keeps: Sugar islands in West Indies, islands in West Indies, and two island in Gulf and two island in Gulf of St. Lawrenceof St. Lawrence


► Result: England Result: England gains new lands but gains new lands but runs up HUGE war runs up HUGE war debt.debt.

►War was supposed War was supposed to be short, but to be short, but lasted 7 years.lasted 7 years.

french and indian war ► guerrilla warfare: form of warfare based largely on “hit and run”...

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