Freescale Medium-Power and Automotive Wireless Charging Solutions

Beta Chen 陳建志 | MCU FAE

External Use

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Outline

Freescale Medium Power Wireless Charging Solution

Freescale Wireless Charging Portfolio

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Freescale Automotive Wireless Charging Solution

FreeMASTER for Wireless Charging Design

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Freescale Medium Power Wireless Charging Solution

Difference to Low Power Tx

LP TX MP TX

MaximumPower 5W 15W

Communication One-way(RXTX)

Two-way(RXTX)

Negotiation NoneTX and RX negotiate to establish a more advanced power Xfer

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Negotiation None a more advanced power Xfercontract

Power XferControl Method

-Full bridge phase control-Full bridge frequency control

-Half bridge frequency control-Half bridge duty cycle control-Full bridge phase control-Full bridge frequency control

Control Types

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Type Input voltage(V) Topology Coils Resonant L Resonant Cap Operating Frequency Ping Parameter Mark

MP-A1 19V Half/Full Bridge 1 24uH 100nF 110K~205KHz 175K

MP-A2 12V Half/Full Bridge 1 10uH 247nF 110K~140KHz 140K

MP-A3 2.5~11.5V Full Bridge 1 10.1uH 251nF 110K~205KHz 12V,160k~180k

MP-AX 12V Half/Full Bridge 1 8.9uH 276nF 110K~205KHz 175K Freescale

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Communication Interface-Two-way communication

Two-Way Communication

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Transmitter(Tx):1) Receive control information

from the receiver2) Send negotiation information to the receiver 3) Adjust the desired operation point

to meet the need of the receiver

Receiver(Rx) :1) Send messages to provide

control information to thetransmitter

2 ) Receive messages from TX3) Control the power to the output

load

Communication Rx -> Tx

• ASK(Amplitude Shift Keying)• Speed: 2 kbps• Bit-encoding: bi-phase• Byte encoding:

Start-bit, 8-bit data, parity-bit, stop-bit• Packet Structure

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Packet Structure− Preamble (>= 11bit)− Header (1 Byte) Indicates packet type and message length

− Message (1 .. 27 Byte)− Checksum (1 Byte)

Communication Tx -> Rx

• FSK ( Frequency Shift Keying)• Speed: fop/512• Bit-encoding: bi-phase• Byte-encoding: Patten message : 8 bits Normal message: Start-bit, 8-bit data, parity-bit,

stop-bit

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• Packet structure Header (1 Byte) : Indicates packet type and

message length Message (1 .. 27 Byte): identification and

configuration information Checksum (1 Byte)

Power Transfer Phases

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Negotiation Phase

Power ReceiverMessagesPower Transmitter

•Rx sends negotiation requests to Tx

•Fine-tune the Power Transfer Contract

•Compare Q factor reported by RX with its own measurement

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Power ReceiverPower

Power Transmitter

Calibration Phase

• TX can improve its ability to detect Foreign Objects during power transfer.

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Bad separated TX and RX calibration will cause some Power Loss offset when working together.Calibration phase will decrease the effect.

Renegotiation Phase

• Make adjustments to the Power Transfer Contract, if so desired.

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Communication Interface-Additional Contents in Communication

Additional Rx Packets (Rx to Tx)

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New Tx Packets (Tx to Rx)Response Structure

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New Tx Packets (Tx to Rx)Packet Structure

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Parameters about MP RX

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MAX POWER

If support NEG?

FSK depth and polarity

Flags to indicate if parameters in power Xfer contract is changed in NEG phase

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New Foreign Object Detection Method

Foreign Object Detection in MPCheck Q factor

Report Q factor

FOD by QCalibrate dynamic

PLoss

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Report received power

FOD by calculating power

FOD by Q-Factor Measurement

• Measure Q factor of Tx coil with RX placed on the surface

• Compare Q factor reported in FOD Status Packet from RX

• If Q factor measured is less than the threshold determined by Q factor from

RX packet, then FO is detected

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Different Q-Factor w/ & w/o FO

Q-factor result without FO, just Tx and Rx coil

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Q-factor result with FO, Rx and FO placed together

Calibrated PLoss During Power Transfer

600

Calibration phase

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0

100

200

300

400

500

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Pow

er L

oss(

mW

)

Light loading Connected loading

Optimized Foreign Object Detection(FOD)

• FOD by Q-Factor Measurement − At Negotiation Phase, before power transferring− Compare Q Factor with or without FO

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• Calibrated PLoss During Power Transfer− PLoss bias calibration at Calibration Phase− Decrease the PLoss bias in the calculation during power transferring

PLoss_withoutFO = 400mW PLoss_withoutFO calibration = 0mW

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Freescale TX and RX Solutions

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Freescale MP Tx

Topology and Control Algorithm

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Charging MP Rx

Charging LP Rx

Q46Q47

Q48Q49

NCP3420

NCP3420

PWM1

PWM2

A

B

Vin

Tx Inverter in Half-Bridge Mode

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Frequency control Duty cycle control

Tx Inverter in Full-Bridge Mode

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Frequency controlPhase-Shift control

System Features

Features

Compliant with WPC Medium Power specification

Compliant with WPC Low Power specification

Configurable OCP, OVP, OTP and LED indication

Dual mode with PMA compatible *

(customization service)

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(customization service)

Support debug console messages

Flexible to extend design and change coils

Programmable to upgrade

FreeMASTER GUI tool to enable customization

and calibration

System Block Diagram

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Topology and Control

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Charging MP Rx

Charging LP Rx

Q46Q47

Q48Q49

NCP3420

NCP3420

PWM1

PWM2

A

B

Vin

Software Structure

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System Efficiency

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

15W MP V2.0 System Efficiency

with default cover (about 5mm Z-GAP), center

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30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 11.9 13.4 14.9

Rx Output Power(W)

center3mm Z-Gap, center

3mm Z-Gap, 10mm from center

Tested with AVID MP RX simulator

MP TX Controller - WCT1012 / WCT1111

Main features:

DSC based on 32-bit 56800EX core– Up to 100 MIPS at 100 MHz core frequency in fast mode– DSP and MCU functionality in a unified, C-efficient architecture

On-chip memory– Up to 64 KB flash memory– Up to 8 KB data/program

Analog

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Analog– Two high-speed, 8-channel, 12-bit ADCs with dynamic x1, x2, and x4 programmable amplifier– Three analog comparators with integrated 6-bit DAC references– Two 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC)– One eFlexPWM module with up to 12 PWM outputs, including 8 channels with high

resolution NanoEdge placement– Timers, Clocks and operating characteristics is designed for Wireless charger application.

Package– WCT1012: 32PIN QFN suitable for the compact dimension application.– WCT1111: 64PIN LQFP suitable for more features

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Freescale MP Rx

Freescale Medium Power Receiver SolutionWPR1500-LDO MPRX Wireless Charging Reference Design

Key Features:Compliance with the medium power WPC Qi specification

Input power (3.5 V ~ 20 Vac peak) from the transmitter via the receiver coil

Output power of 15 W (5 V with LDO type, 5~12.6V with bulk type)

Power transfer efficiency exceed 75%

Support of FSK communication signals from the medium

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WPR1500-BUCK MPRX Wireless Charging Reference DesignSupport of FSK communication signals from the medium power transmitter

Hardware protection of rectifier voltage, output voltage and output current

Small PCB size (40 mm × 40 mm)

Open source reference solution with Freescale embedded wireless charger software libraries

USB/adapter power switcher to charge products with wire and wireless with priority

FreeMASTER tool to enable customization and calibration

Software Structure

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WPR1500-LDO

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WPR1500-BUCKMedium Power Receiver - BUCK

Rectifier DC-DCResonant Circuit Vout

Internal LDO

FSK Demodulation

Output Voltage

Output Current5V 1.8V 2.8V

Core

Buck-Enable

CoilASK Modulation

VrectifierCOMM

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MWPR1516

System Efficiency

65.00%

70.00%

75.00%

80.00%

85.00%

WPR1500-LDO

WPR1500-BUCK5V

ZGAP=5mm

Test with FSL MPRX V2.0

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40.00%

45.00%

50.00%

55.00%

60.00%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

WPR1500-BUCK5V

WPR1500-BUCK12V6

RX Output Power (W)

WPR1516 - MP Rx controller

PMC

LDOCNC

PGA

FSKDT

Features:

Flash based ASSP with ARM core provides most popular development ecosystem

Flexibility to support wide DC input voltage of 3.5-20V

Architecture defined based on WPC MPWG Qispecification

24 MHZ Cortex M0+ core , 16KB Flash, 4KBRAMASSP with Freescale UHV technology.

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PMC, CNC, LDO, PGA and FSKDT Special designed for wireless charging receiver

Part Number Pin Count Package SizePWPR1516CFM 32 QFN32 5x5x0.65PWPR1516CAL 36 WLCSP 3.1x3x0.6

Specially designed FSKDT and CNC model ease the MPWG bi-directional communication development

Provide alternative packages to meet either easier manufacturing, or saving PCB space

Easy-to-use debug and configuration tools to speed up product development

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Freescale Wireless Charger Solutions

Freescale Tx Solutions

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Freescale Rx Solutions

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Freescale WPC-Standard Reference Designs

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Freescale Wireless Charging 5 Watt Tx Portfolio

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(A13) (A11) (A28)

Freescale Wireless Charging 15 Watt Tx/Rx Portfolio

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(MP Tx) (MP Rx)

Freescale 5W Multi-Coil Automotive Transmitter (A13)

Features

Qi v1.2 compliant

Fixed frequency operation

12VDC input supply

KeyFob Avoidance

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KeyFob Avoidance

High flexibility to support CAN/LIN & NFC

Dual mode with PMA compatible

KeyFob Avoidance in A13

Operating Frequency@110KHz Popular

KeyFobConfigurable frequency & duration

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105KHz 115KHz 125KHz 170KHz

Jump to farer frequency to keep charging

Return when communication done

WCT100xA – Automotive Transmitter IC

Coil1_PWM2

WCT100xA

Core

100MHz

ADC InverterControl

Isense

Tsense

Vsense

Coil1_PWM1

Drive_EN

CoilDis

Coil1_En

Coil3_EnCoil2_En

FlashFeatures:Automotive-specific transmit

controller solutions

Premium option expands on flash and SRAM for expanded programmability

Multi-protocol capable

WCT1001A & WCT1003A pin-pin

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Demod

Debug

TouchSense

Comm

FOD

Optional

LEDSPIx2SCI

DAC

CAN

Coil3_EnWCT1001A & WCT1003A pin-pin

compatible in the 64LQFP package

Voltage control algorithm

Foreign Object Detection / KeyFobAvoidance

Meet CISPR 25 requirements

AEC-Q100 (Grade 2)

Freescale Proof-of-Concepts

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•One MWCT1101 chip•Qi compatible•Unlimited free positioning capability

•One MWCT1101 chip•Qi compatible•Free positioning•Charge 2 devices simultaneously•http://www.powersquare.com/

Freescale Proof-of-Concepts

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•One MWCT1101 chip•Qi compatible•Unlimited free positioning capability

•One MWCT1101 chip•Qi compatible•Free positioning•Charge 2 devices simultaneously•http://www.powersquare.com/

How to ChoosePart Number Classification Available Features for Now! Remark

MWCT1000 Standard WPC A11 5V single coil

MWCT1200 Standard WPC A28 5V 3-coil

MWCT1101 Premium WPC A11WPC A11 + PMA compatibleWPC A11 + additional featuresWPC A28 WPC A28 + PMA compatibleWPC A28 + additional features

5V single coil5V 3-coil

MWCT1001A Standard WPC A13 + PMA compatible 12V multi-coil

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MWCT1001A(AEC-Q100-grade2)

WPC A13 + PMA compatible 12V multi-coil

MWCT1003A(AEC-Q100-grade2)

Premium WPC A13 + PMA compatible+ additional features (ex. NFC stack)

12V multi-coil

MWCT1012 Standard WPC Medium Power Single coil 12V single-coil

MWCT1212 Standard WPC Medium Power multiple coils 12V multi-coil

MWCT1111 Premium WPC Medium Power Single coilWPC Medium Power multiple coilsWPC Medium Power Single coil + additional featuresWPC Medium Power multiple coils + additional features

12V single-coil12V multi-coil

MWPR1516 Standard WPC Medium Power Receiver LDO / Bulk types

How to Implement

Development / Verification ProductionBasic

Ready-to-UseFreescale Reference Design•Schematic, gerber, firmware package & application notes

FreeMASTER•PCBA Calibration•Function test

P&E Programmer

Medium(more than

basic)

FreeMASTER•Design, verification, tuning

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basic)

Superior(more than medium)

Codewarrior / IAR•Add additional application code (with Freescale APIs)•Hardware interface configuration

Quick-startHardware interface configuration GUI tool

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FreeMASTER for Wireless Charging Design

Developing Environment

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FreeMASTER for Wireless Charging

• Real-time Design Analysis• Data Visualization• Data real-time acquiring System parameters Coil parameters

• UART/JTAG/CAN

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• Debugging & Tuning− Parameter tuning System parameters

Coil parameters

Calibration ex. FOD boundary

− Result written to Flash− Configuration file creating

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© 2014 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | External Use

www.Freescale.com