free software and the future of database technology

49
 Free Software and the Future of Database Technology Josh Berkus PostgreSQL Core Team November 14, 2008

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Page 1: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Free Software and the 

Future of Database Technology

Josh BerkusPostgreSQL Core TeamNovember 14, 2008

Page 2: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Who is Josh?● PostgreSQL Core Team

– a leader of 30,000 participant international community

● Free software advocate– Since 2000– OpenOffice, SuSE Linux, PostgreSQL, SPI, OSI ...

● Database Engineer & Application Developer– PostgreSQL, MySQL, Drizzle, MS SQL, Oracle

Page 3: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Database Past

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1998

1. Oracle

2. Informix

3. Sybase

4. Microsoft SQL Server

5. IBM DB2

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1998

1. Oracle

2. Informix

3. Sybase

4. Microsoft SQL Server

5. IBM DB2

100% Proprietary Databases

Page 6: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

1998

1. Oracle

2. Informix

3. Sybase

4. Microsoft SQL Server

5. IBM DB2

100% Proprietary Databasesexcept ...

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1998

1. Oracle

2. Informix

3. Sybase

4. Microsoft SQL Server

5. IBM DB2

100% Proprietary Databasesexcept ...

Illustra

Page 8: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

1998

1. Oracle

2. Informix

3. Sybase

4. Microsoft SQL Server

5. IBM DB2

100% Proprietary Databasesexcept ...

Illustra POSTGRES

Page 9: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

1998

1. Oracle

2. Informix

3. Sybase

4. Microsoft SQL Server

5. IBM DB2

100% Proprietary Databasesexcept ...

Illustra POSTGRES?

Page 10: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

PostgreSQL: History

• 1986: POSTGRES at the University of California, Berkeley> Michael Stonebraker project> Successor to INGRES

• 1994: first commecialized> as Illustra (later merged into Informix)

• 1995: open­sourced> Ported to SQL> PostgreSQL Global Development Group 

formed

• 1997: ported to Japanese, supported in Japan

Page 11: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

MySQL: History

● MySQL Server development started in 1994, marketed by TCX DataKonsult AB

● MySQL AB founded in 1995 by Michael “Monty” Widenius, David Axmark and Allan Larsson

● Server development based on requirements for practical production use: few features, but fast and stable

● Frequent releases with small changes● Easy to install and use (15­minute rule)

Page 12: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2004

1. MySQL

2. Microsoft SQL Server

3. Oracle

4. IBM DB2

5. PostgreSQL

Page 13: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2004

1. MySQL

2. Microsoft SQL Server

3. Oracle

4. IBM DB2

5. PostgreSQL

6. Sybase

Page 14: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Database Present

Page 15: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2008

1. MySQL

2. Microsoft SQL Server

3. Oracle

4. IBM DB2

5. PostgreSQL

6. Sybase

Page 16: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Adoption Momentum

Source: Forrester 2006

Page 17: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

  ● Europe's largest online hotel booking site

– 20 million visitors a month– 30,000 listed hotels– 100% growth 2005 ­> 2006

● Built site using MySQL– Dozens of servers– Used Linux­based DRBD replication for high 

availability– Inexpensive support, licenses (about $50 000 per 

year)

Page 18: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

 ● Runs .ORG, .INFO domains

– 3.8 million domain names– 100% transactional workload

● Built using PostgreSQL– custom replication solution for dozens of servers– free software, low cost let them win the .ORG 

hosting bid

Page 19: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Database Future

Page 20: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2009

1. SQLite

2. MySQL 

3. Microsoft SQL Server

4. Oracle

5. PostgreSQL

6. IBM DB2

Page 21: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2009

1. SQLite

2. MySQL 

3. Microsoft SQL Server

4. Oracle

5. PostgreSQL

6. IBM DB2

What?

Page 22: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

  ● Embedded SQL database

– Tiny memory footprint– Full SQL parser– Transactions, foreign keys

● Designed by Dr. Richard Hipp– In United Kingdom– Released under a public domain license– 100+ million installations

Page 23: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Page 24: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Page 25: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

    Yahoo! Data Warehouse

StreamBase

Skytools

memcached

BerkeleyDB XML

ZopeDB

Kickfire

MySQL NDB

Page 26: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

    Yahoo! Data Warehouse

StreamBase

Skytools

memcached

BerkeleyDB XML

ZopeDB

ScalableSpecialty

Embedded

StreamingBusiness Intelligence

Kickfire

MySQL NDB

Page 27: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

1998: Database server

Page 28: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2008: Database servers

Page 29: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2008: Database servers1. Large RAM2. Large Disk

3. Multi­core CPU4. Solid­state drives5. Virtualization

Page 30: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

  ● Geographic Information Database

– stores spatial and positional data● points, lines, polygons

– based on PostgreSQL– power your own Google Maps!

● #1 open source solution– database for all OpenGeo tools– works with all GIS applications: MapServer, ESRI, 

Ka­Map, deCarta● Being developed in Italy and Canada

Page 31: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

European Fisheries

PositionStatus

PositionsStatuses

PositionStatus

MapData

MapServer Interface

Page 32: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

European Fisheries

Page 33: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Repertorio Nazionale dei Dati Territoriali

● Public service of Italy– operated by CNIPA– supply national map data for all Italian users– similar to USGS in United States– critical for developing Italian geo service industry

● All free software stack– PostGIS– Mapserver– Ka­Map

Page 34: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2010: What is a database server?

Page 35: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

2010: What is a database server?

Page 36: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

"Cloud" Hosting

Large­scale, managedanonymous hosting

Page 37: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

"Cloud" Hosting

● Large numbers of servers– rapid deployment of cloned virtual machines– rapid expansion of capacity

● Needs:– no per­installation licensing fees– low­administration databases– Free Software

Page 38: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

  ● "A Microkernel DBMS for High Performance 

Scale­Out Applications"– designed for cloud hosting– small footprint, simple database, limited features– easy to administer in large numbers

● A fork of MySQL– developed by lead MySQL developers– not released yet

Page 39: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

  PHP / Perl / Python / Ruby

memcached

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● A "web scale" clustered database– based on concept of Google's BigTable– designed to scale to 1000's of servers– like Memcached, but with persistence– uses Hadoop distributed filesystem

● Non­relational– only stores key­value pairs– all operations are single­key

● Currently alpha

Page 41: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

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Page 43: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

  ● #1 Voice­over­IP service

– 350 million users– 5 million SkypeOut calls per day– 6% of worldwide international calling

● SkyTools/PostgreSQL platform– PostgreSQL allowed them to build custom 

clustering framework– 200 servers

● Expand capacity without licensing costs

Page 44: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Page 45: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

    Yahoo! Data Warehouse

StreamBase

Skytools

memcached

BerkeleyDB XML

ZopeDB

Kickfire

MySQL NDB

Free Software

Built with Free Software

Page 46: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

New 100% Non­Free Databases

Page 47: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

"Building a new software is like scaling a mountian.  Using open 

source to build on means that I get to start 80% of the way to the top."  

­Julian Hyde, Chief Architect, SQLStream

Page 48: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Where are we going?

● More diversity● More free software databases

– some free databases– some built on free software databases

● More innovation● More free software

Page 49: Free Software and the Future of Database Technology

   

Questions?● Josh Berkus

[email protected]● PostgreSQL project

– www.postgresql.org● Links

– EU Fisheries: http://fish.jrc.cec.eu.int/Booking.com:  http://www.mysql.com/why­mysql/scaleout/booking.htmlSkytools: https://developer.skype.com/SkypeGarage/DbProjects/SkyToolsPostGIS: http://postgis.refractions.net/        Drizzle: http://drizzleproject.org/Afilias: www.afilias.info         Hypertable: http://hypertable.org/This talk is copyright 2008 Josh Berkus, and is licensed under the creative commons attribution license

All trademarks belong to their respective owners and are used according to principles of fair use here.Other uses of these trademarks must be authorized by the trademark owner.Josh Berkus speaks only for himself, and not for any of the companies or open source projectsreferenced herein.