(MARCH 20, 1856 – MARCH 21, 1915)

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Taylor is regarded as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants.

It was in the 1880s that Frederick Winslow Taylor rose through the ranks at Midvale, from lathe operator, to gang boss, to engineer, to chief engineer of the works. During this time he developed the core of his philosophy of scientific management, which later became enormously influential throughout the field of industrial engineering.

Manufacturing Investment Company of Philadelphia

He worked as a general manager and a consulting engineer to management for the Manufacturing Investment Company of Philadelphia

In 1893, Taylor opened an independent consulting practice in Philadelphia.

His business card read:

1898 - Bethlehem Steel Company

• Tried wide ranging changes

• Experience laid the basis for theories of Scientific Management

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On October 19, 1906, Taylor was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Pennsylvania. Taylor eventually

became a professor at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College.

Taylor's scientific management consisted of four principles:

•He suggested methods based on a scientific study of the tasks.

•Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to train themselves.

•Provide detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task.

•Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks.

Taylor believed in transferring control from workers to

management.

Relations with ASME

Taylor's own written works were designed for presentation to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME):

Notes on Belting (1894), A Piece-Rate System (1895), Shop Management (1903), Art of Cutting Metals (1906), The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Taylor was the president of the ASME from 1906 to 1907.

• tried to implement his system into the management of the ASME.

His tenure as president was trouble-ridden and marked the beginning of a period of internal dissension within the ASME during the Progressive Age.

Taylor's influence

USA•Hugo Münsterberg created industrial psychology.

•Harvard University, one of the first American universities to offer a graduate degree in business management in 1908, based its first-year curriculum on Taylor's scientific management.

SwitzerlandIn Switzerland, the American Edward Albert Filene established the International Management Institute to spread information about management techniques.

USSR In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin was very impressed by Taylorism, which he and Joseph Stalin sought to incorporate into Soviet manufacturing. Nevertheless, Frederick Taylor's methods have never really taken root in the Soviet Union.

oUse of scientific analysis to select the best ways to perform tasks;

oSelection of employees that are better suited to perform the tasks of their training;

oThe systematic use of incentive workers;

oProviding employees with the resources necessary to effectively perform tasks;

oSeparation of planning and reflection on the work itself.

The basic ideas used in modern management: