four approaches to productive nanosystems -...

February 13, 2008February 13, 2008

Four Approaches to Four Approaches to Productive NanosystemsProductive Nanosystems

Tihamer TothTihamer Toth--FejelFejelGeneral Dynamics Advanced Information Systems General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems

[email protected]

Research Challenges for Nanomanufacturing SystemsFebruary 11-12, 2008

National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia

http://www.umass.edu/chm/NMSworkshop/index.htm


ContentsContents

Intro: TopIntro: Top--Down vs. BottomDown vs. Bottom--UpUpThe Foresight/Battelle Roadmap The Foresight/Battelle Roadmap

Structural DNA Structural DNA BisBis--amino nanostructuresamino nanostructuresTipTip--Based NanofabricationBased NanofabricationDiamondoid MechanosynthesisDiamondoid Mechanosynthesis

Modularization and TemplatingModularization and TemplatingNew ApplicationsNew Applications


Core CapabilitiesCore Capabilities

StructureStructure

ComputationComputation

SensingSensing

MotionMotion


TopTop--Down and BottomDown and Bottom--UpUpBottom Up

Part Size

$100mm

100nm

100µm

100pm

Product Complexity

$80 atoms

8 atoms

800 atoms

8,000 atoms

80,000 atoms

Top-Down


BottomBottom--toto--BottomBottomDeterministic nanoscale tools that build similar tools (machine Deterministic nanoscale tools that build similar tools (machine shop)shop)

AND/ORAND/ORThermodynamic ratcheting and hierarchical design for guided Thermodynamic ratcheting and hierarchical design for guided

assembly of huge numbers of complex tools (assembly of huge numbers of complex tools (biomemeticbiomemetic))


Productive NanosystemsProductive NanosystemsA closed loop of programmable nanoscale A closed loop of programmable nanoscale components that produce similar componentscomponents that produce similar componentsAtomic precisionAtomic precision, not , not sizesizeNanoscale Nanoscale machinesmachines, not novel , not novel propertiesproperties


DNA Origami: 50 billion Smiley DNA Origami: 50 billion Smiley FacesFaces

Paul W. K. Rothemund, Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns, Nature Vol 440,16 March 2006 Courtesy Paul Rothemund


Easily reproducibleEasily reproducible

Qian Lulu, et al., Analogic China map constructed by DNA. Chinese Science Bulletin. Dec 2006. Vol. 51 No. 24


The DNA Origami ProcessThe DNA Origami Process

c.d.

b.a.

Figure a, b, and d from Paul Rothemund, Design of DNA origami, IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design. Nov. 2005

Figure c by Toth-Fejel


Pixelated DNA and PositioningPixelated DNA and Positioning

courtesy Paul W. K. Rothemund Ke, et. al., Self-Assembled Water-Soluble Nucleic Acid Probe Tiles for Label-Free RNA Hybridization Assays, Science, Jan 11, 2008


DesignDesign--ahead: NanoEngineerahead: NanoEngineer--11


BisBis--Amino Acids and Amino Acids and BisBis--PeptidesPeptides

Inverse of solving the protein folding problemInverse of solving the protein folding problemThe proposed approach is an integration of known The proposed approach is an integration of known techniques and designed to produce a broadly techniques and designed to produce a broadly applicable manufacturing process.applicable manufacturing process.

“Molecular Lego” Christian Schafmeister Scientific American, Feb 2007, 64-71


BisBis--Amino Acids and Amino Acids and BisBis--PeptidesPeptides


BisBis--Peptides Productive NanosystemPeptides Productive NanosystemIN: (NH4)2CO3, H2O, CO2, trace elements

OUT: Machine Solution


TipTip--Based Nanofabrication:Based Nanofabrication:Atomically Precise ManufacturingAtomically Precise ManufacturingThe ability to produce 3D structures The ability to produce 3D structures with topwith top--down control and atomic down control and atomic precision. precision.

The inevitable result of continued The inevitable result of continued improvements in ultraimprovements in ultra--precision precision manufacturing (IC manufacturing manufacturing (IC manufacturing and others)and others)

The proposed approach is an The proposed approach is an integration of known techniques integration of known techniques and designed to produce a broadly and designed to produce a broadly applicable manufacturing process.applicable manufacturing process.


Patterned Si ALEPatterned Si ALE

STM tip removes H atoms from the Si surface

A precursor gas is used to dose the surface. Protected Si atoms are deposited only where H has been removed.

Completed deposition is verified and then the deprotection/patterning is repeated.


Demo of Patterned Si ALEDemo of Patterned Si ALE

Courtesy Joe Lyding UI Urbana-Champaign


Tip ArraysTip Arrays

Dip PenDip Pen55,000 tips55,000 tipsThermally actuatedThermally actuatedMultiple inksMultiple inks15 nm resolution15 nm resolutionFastFast


Diamondoid MechanosynthesisDiamondoid Mechanosynthesis

DCB6-Si dimerplacement tool tip.

http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/Nanofactory/Challenges.htm


Key Advantages of Diamondoid Key Advantages of Diamondoid MechanosynthesisMechanosynthesis

• Rigid, dependably well-characterized nanomachinery would be good to have

• Deterministic processes are better than thermodynamically-driven ones (and have much better error detection and correction)

• Diamondoid materials are the highest performing method (and have the highest payoff)

• Experimental work necessary


Other Approaches to PNOther Approaches to PN

• Other Biomemetics• Solid Phase DNA and Protein Synthesis• Viraculture and Bacteraculture

• Organic and Inorganic Supramolecular Chemistry• MEMS• Hybrids


Modularization and Templating:Modularization and Templating:DNADNA--mediated Nanocube Assemblymediated Nanocube Assembly


Connecting NanocubesConnecting Nanocubes

Pyrimidine photodimerization Diels-Alder cycloaddition

Zinc fingers

Photochemical bonding


Silsesquioxane NAND GateSilsesquioxane NAND Gate


Preferential bonding of 3 DNA TemplatesPreferential bonding of 3 DNA Templates

Q Q

S R


Hierarchical, Direct, and 3D SelfHierarchical, Direct, and 3D Self--Assembly Assembly of of NanotileNanotile PolyominoesPolyominoes

3D

Hierarchical

Direct


Molecular ActuatorsMolecular ActuatorsInterlocking Rotaxane Dimers

AnnulenesAzobenzenePoly calix[4]arene-bithiopheneViral Protein Linear (VPL) motorsF0 and F1 motors of ATP synthaseMyosin/actinDNA motors, walkers, and tweezersPhosgene-fueled triaminotriptycene/4-

(dimethylamino)pyridine assembly

Jimenez-Molero, Dietrich-Buchecker, and Sauvage, Chemically Induced Contraction and Stretching of a Linear Rotaxane Dimer, Chem. Eur. J. 2002, 8, No. 6


ApplicationsApplicationsProduct Product DesirementsDesirements

Low cost Low cost High performanceHigh performanceHigh valueHigh value

Nanostructure Manufacturing CapabilitiesNanostructure Manufacturing CapabilitiesArbitrarily complex Arbitrarily complex HeterogeneousHeterogeneousMolecular precisionMolecular precisionLongLong--range orderrange orderBulk quantitiesBulk quantities


Desktop Nanofactory ApplianceDesktop Nanofactory Appliance


NanotechNanotech’’s Killer App: s Killer App: Programmable MatterProgrammable Matter


Conclusion Conclusion

Atomic Precision, not sizeAtomic Precision, not sizeConservative machines, not novel propertiesConservative machines, not novel propertiesNanosystems that produce Nanosystems that produce nanocomponentsnanocomponentsand assemble them into nanosystemsand assemble them into nanosystemsFocus on approaches:Focus on approaches:

Mutually different from each otherMutually different from each otherHave huge worldHave huge world--changing potentialchanging potentialNot currently receiving fundingNot currently receiving fundingAt or close to experimentally verifiedAt or close to experimentally verified

four approaches to productive nanosystems -...

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