Foundations of the Constitution Foundations of the Constitution and American Governmentand American Government

1600-17831600-1783

How did we get “here”?How did we get “here”?Who came and why?Who came and why?

Why did the colonists begin a Why did the colonists begin a revolution?revolution?

Who/What influenced the Who/What influenced the creation of the United States?creation of the United States?

I. America is Settled-Early Characteristics of Settlement

A. Settlers came from Spain, France, and England (Africans

came through use of force)

B. They came seeking:

1. Religious freedom/tolerance

2. Economic opportunities

3. New adventures

4. Punishment/Servitude

C. Positive relations with Native Americans (for a short time) leads to:

1. Trade2. Alliances3. Labor (first form of slavery in

America)4. Warfare

D. African slave trade expands due to the plantation economy of the colonial age

E. Immigration from Europe provides diversity

II. Politics and Economy of the Colonial Age

A. Self-government

1. Colonial charters outline basic “laws” of the

colony

2. Town meetings/local government

3. Major achievements in this area:

a) House of Burgesses

b) Mayflower Compact

c) Albany Plan of Union

* All of the above contributed to

the development of the

Constitution

B. Iroquois League taught the colonists about political organization

C. Zenger case helps establish the idea of freedom of the press

D. Salutary Neglect by England allows the colonies to prosper both economically and politically

E. Mid-1700’s mercantilism causes problems between the colonies and England

1. Mercantilism is an economic theory

2. Colonies provide raw materials and markets for the

Mother Country

3. EXPORT more than you IMPORT is the key to

success

4. Parliamentary acts are used to strengthen the

mercantilist relationship between England and the

colonies

Do Now:Do Now:

Use these terms in a paragraph:Use these terms in a paragraph:

Right Side of the room: Salutary Right Side of the room: Salutary Neglect, Mercantilism, Triangular Trade, Neglect, Mercantilism, Triangular Trade, Slave Trade Slave Trade

Left Side of the room: House of Left Side of the room: House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact, Iroquois Burgesses, Mayflower Compact, Iroquois League, CharterLeague, Charter

III. How Did We Get to the Declaration of Independence????

A. The ENLIGHTENMENT

1. Locke (natural rights and social contract)

2. Montesquieu (separation of powers and checks

and balances)

3. Voltaire (freedom of religion and no cruel

punishment)

4. Rousseau (consent of

the governed)

B. English influences1. Magna Carta (limits the power of ruler)

2. Habeas corpus (protection from unlawful restraint)

3. English Bill of Rights/Petition of Rights (list of rights/powers of the citizens)

4. Glorious Revolution (bloodless change in power)

C. French and Indian War (1754-1763)

1. Colonist provide money and men to the war

effort

2. When the fighting stops- there is no reward for

the colonists

3. Parliament passes the

Proclamation of 1763 to

limit colonial expansion

into the new areas won

in the war

IV. The American Revolution 1775-1783

A. Causes of the War

1. Economic

a) Mercantilism disputes

b) Parliamentary taxes

2. Political

a) “No Taxation Without Representation”

b) Failure of boycotts, protests, petitions

c) King George's violations of colonial rights

HW#4

P. 85-89 and 98-105

Answer: P. 88 Checkpoint & Map Skills #3, P. 89 Checkpoint (second on .the bottom of the page), P. 99 Checkpoint, P. 100 Checkpoint, P. 102 Checkpoint, P. 105 Checkpoint and Critical Thinking #4.

d) Work of committees of correspondence

e) Leadership (Franklin, Washington, Adams, Henry)

f) Development of an “American” identityg) Republican ideology (“Common Sense”)

New TaxesNew Taxes

Sugar Act – prevented smuggling and Sugar Act – prevented smuggling and increased the costs for merchants’ increased the costs for merchants’ businessesbusinesses

Quartering Act – colonists were Quartering Act – colonists were required to house and supply British required to house and supply British TroopsTroops

Stamp Act – colonists had to pay Stamp Act – colonists had to pay taxes on all printed materialstaxes on all printed materials

The Boston Massacre

22ndnd Wave of New Taxes Wave of New Taxes Townshend Acts – new duties on Townshend Acts – new duties on

imports (ex. Glass, lead, paint, paper imports (ex. Glass, lead, paint, paper tea)tea)

Tea Act – allowed British Tea Tea Act – allowed British Tea companies to directly sell to colonists, companies to directly sell to colonists, making it cheaper than smuggled teamaking it cheaper than smuggled tea

Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)- Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)- punished Boston by closing its port punished Boston by closing its port and eliminating self-governmentand eliminating self-government

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

Response by the other 12 Response by the other 12 colonies who opposed the colonies who opposed the Coercive ActsCoercive Acts

Included delegates from Included delegates from each colonyeach colony

Patrick Henry helps create Patrick Henry helps create unity (Famous Speech?)unity (Famous Speech?)

Goal to pressure Parliament Goal to pressure Parliament to revoke Coercive Actsto revoke Coercive Acts

Second Continental CongressSecond Continental Congress

Convenes after Battle of Lexington Convenes after Battle of Lexington and Concordand Concord

Assumes the responsibility for the Assumes the responsibility for the war, Name Washington Generalwar, Name Washington General

Send the “Olive Branch Petition” as a Send the “Olive Branch Petition” as a last ditch effort to stay loyallast ditch effort to stay loyal

King George rejectsKing George rejects

Patriots vs. LoyalistPatriots vs. Loyalist

Loyalist stay true to the crownLoyalist stay true to the crown Fear that the British will crush the Fear that the British will crush the

revolt and must obey the crown at all revolt and must obey the crown at all costscosts

Think the Patriots are more Think the Patriots are more oppressive than the Britishoppressive than the British

Common Sense by Thomas Common Sense by Thomas PainePaine

Swings popular opinion in favor of Swings popular opinion in favor of warwar

Similar to the ideas expressed in the Similar to the ideas expressed in the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

Outcomes of the War

1. U.S. independence is recognized by England through the Treaty of Paris

2. U.S. border is set at the Mississippi River (to the

west)

3. Set an example for other nations (France)

4. Financial debt to France

1. How did we get 1. How did we get “ “here”?here”?2. Who came and why?2. Who came and why?3. Why did the colonists 3. Why did the colonists begin a revolution?begin a revolution?4. Who/What influenced the 4. Who/What influenced the creation of the United creation of the United States?States?