Why did they leave their native countries?

Why did they move to the U.S.?

Most immigrants came from West European countries, such as England, Ireland & Germany

By 1900, 50% of immigrants were coming from Eastern & Southern Europe

After 1892-most were screened & processed at Ellis Island New York

Nearly all Chinese immigrants landed on the West Coast & were processed at Angel Island

Usually endured crowded, unsanitary conditions

Were screened for illnesses that would prevent them admitted to the U.S.

Could only bring limited luggage

To escape religious & political persecution

To get jobs To avoid upheaval of war To escape starvation To escape diseases

Political and religious freedom Better economic opportunities Gold Rush Encouraging letters from relatives U.S. Government advertisements U.S. Business recruitment

Majority headed to industrialized cities-such as New York, Chicago, & Boston

Most settled in clusters by language, culture, & religion

Learning English freed them to move where they wanted

California Gold Rush attracted numerous Chinese immigrants

Many were escaping poverty, & famine

Chinese were key workers on railroads

1910 Angel Island opens in CA--processing center akin to Ellis Island

1882 Chinese Exclusion Act bans Chinese immigrants until 1943!

Powerful, exotic religious beliefs and ceremonies

Foreign languages, dress and customs

Competition for housing & goods

Political upset if immigrants become voting citizens

Crime and debauchery in immigrant population

Plentiful supply of cheap labor competing for jobs

“Cellar Tenement,” Women’s Municipal League Photo, 1914, No. 24-J58

Conwell, Col. Russell H. “Why the Chinese Emigrate, and the Means They Adopt for the Purpose of Getting to America.” Lee and Shepard, n. d.Frenzeny & Tavernia. “Emigrant Wagon—on the Way to the Railway Station” Harper’s Weekly, Oct. 25, 187?, p. 940.

H. Harrah, S.C. “On Board an Emigrant Ship,” The Graphic. Dec 2, 1871.

http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/charts/immigration18202007mils.jpg

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsca/05600/05660r.jpg

http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b

http://www.angelfire.com/ns/immigration/

http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/charts/immigration18202007mils.jpg

“The Result of the Immigration from China,” New York, T. W. Strong, n. d.Riis, Jacob A. How the Other Half Lives; Studies Among the Tenements of New York; With Illustrations Chiefly From Photographs Taken by the Author.

Sandler, Martin J. Immigrants: A Library of Congress Book. New York, HarperCollins Publisher, 1995.Yankee Notions, Vol. VIII, #3, p. 65

“Cellar Tenement,” Women’s Municipal League Photo, 1914, No. 24-J58

Conwell, Col. Russell H. “Why the Chinese Emigrate, and the Means They Adopt for the Purpose of Getting to America.” Lee and Shepard, n. d.Frenzeny & Tavernia. “Emigrant Wagon—on the Way to the Railway Station” Harper’s Weekly, Oct. 25, 187?, p. 940.

H. Harrah, S.C. “On Board an Emigrant Ship,” The Graphic. Dec 2, 1871.

http://blsciblogs.baruch.cuny.edu/his1005fall2010/tag/immigrants/

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsca/05600/05660r.jpg

http://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3b  http://martialhistory.com/wpcontent/uploads/2007/06/1869_anti_chinese.jpg&imgrefurl=http://martialhistory.com/2007/06/chinese-american-boxers-before-1900

http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/charts/immigration18202007mils.jpg

http://www.oregonlive.com/O/index.ssf/2009/02/oregons_immigration_debate_mor.html

http://sites.google.com/site/immigration327/working-conditions-for-immigrants 

 

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http://sites.google.com/site/immigration327/triangle-shirtwaist-fire

http://www.angelfire.com/ns/immigration/

http://www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/charts/immigration18202007mils.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/kpbs/theborder/images/1900salt_mine.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pbs.org/kpbs/theborder/history/interactive-timeline.html&usg

The Result of the Immigration from China,” New York, T. W. Strong, n. d.

Riis, Jacob A. How the Other Half Lives; Studies Among the Tenements of New York; With Illustrations Chiefly From Photographs Taken by the Author.

Sandler, Martin J. Immigrants: A Library of Congress Book. New York, HarperCollins Publisher, 1995.Yankee Notions, Vol. VIII, #3, p. 65