foucault 1987 mental illness and psychology

MENTAL ILLNESS

and

PSYCHOLOGY

Michel Foucault

Tf.n.l.tllldby"'~SI>e<Icjan

F ..... e>rdbyHubertOreyfu.

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ConI.""

1. __ .... OrUlli<M.ooficiM

PART I 17IooPrrcltolOglt:M~oI __

1-M .. ""_' ... F..... .... '6 l ._Q'-oood lodi ...... Hiooooy

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< ..".H_·'OWrj<p<im<t ......... 1II M ...

Foreword to the califomia Edition

In ,.., oriP>aI v=ion 01 ,.., inlTOd"""", '" TIlt Utto/

=!~':~~~~~'::=:t:=": Tl> .. ud'r"'nuofnperi<nc<" ._in 'Mi'IIi."'_ .. _

t""' oritinated..;,~ .., ... liaprojecl.in_I ..... _ofOl"

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fir • •• ··~··_ .... oI~ ... ~oncI ""' ....-ooIIicIllo", ... ,o_.oncIKCOIId •• "'inofo!o-..... ,0111<_, ......... _01'1'1<'""""'01_.' In'bis_FwcauI1 .. f ... IOMnI""I11 ..... _

fVdooiouobli<ludr."",,,,"u,;d •• _this ... ,,,,,,par,,,,op/Iis doIot<dinu..llnaIvenionol,ho;,,"odlK1ion , Ci<aI1y.FoocouIt did"", t;,.u.. book,H.loft."",."",q<ri:aUyrd'..m,.u reprin' ~"'olh<""'venion.'''''_''' 19SoI.jUSl''''' __ olt .. ber=i\'«lru.Di;II/kn<de"'~Patl>olosi<from u..U.u-.ityolParls.ondho1ried"""""""folly,o_,ho nnsIaOOnof,heladicallyrrn..d19li2venion.pr<Srn1odhor<' T1I<ayptio""""""..-odoboov<"f ... 'obolh' ..... ~: Ih<r ..... ""omubIt"""_OonofH~w.."" ... "".

~'tP=t:::7=y~~":~'= had ...... _fordiJuDcinahimsdffrombolll.)'<IboIII _ _ COOIoinimportanlpr<O<Cllpolioos. u ...u .. _ond ..-..u"'- __ tO""'""'wi1h~ "'h",~f.

==;:,~,::,~.:;=.!.~~ 1POH00illn=inu..~<Iomoin'''ond··WhaI._·

=,:,=:=,,'~~':':!~!=:!~= ~oflll<'...,.pot1_w .. meant'o....-"",of''''''q .... lions. In both Y<nionoPon I doa ........... q .... ionone,buI ...

~"':ff=::.;·.::.~'!.~.:=.:!~n;:;;: vion""""""'of i .. orpnio:-. .... ~by ....... PonlJ. "Modnesoond CuI,ure." whichio.lUtIIIIlal)'offoucoull·, __ CMI;"""".publW>odirt l961. I, oddrd5e>"",u..

>OtiaIondorpnio:bouioofmonlol".,l>oIos:YbuI, .. ""'"oami .... ::-"'~:...~f.:,ho..=...~:':.=~""::;:.."'::! _11Inno'o tho "",.,tfI<Ood"""" , ... _ .. to,,..,,

itWn=",,,,,,,,talOlln=.H.modif ... hioinlroduclioooccord· inJIy.R>lh<Ilhanoffmn.··.rdlc;:tioooomanhim>df:· .. _ .. to ........ ,h.ot the ,oot of mcntal pOIlloIosY"'" bo

=:;::::::~":::.=~~"::~'io: ' ruom&rl"(p, 2).

f=t~=~~::~..;!= """"" of ,"""~t ',-p;f><d t>y Martin 116d<s1<r. eop<ciaIIy ~· •• vonion to dainu , «<mpIif><dt>ySi&mundFr<uo:I. to ....,...ido.-..c.oftbohwnonwbjoct, lnMWlintem.w fOUClOult>ai<lofH6d<sI<r;·'F(N"",II~ 1"wal..,.)'O"",,"

,"""""'tialph-.".,., ... . l .... ootto r<adlloidogorinl'l'll "'1'l'l2., .. Mymtir.phllooophical~t ..... <I<ImnineO t>ymy"odinsofH<id<u<r."'So~i,_",rprisi"" .. Port l of M'~'",IIfN<f_"'''''''oIoV' . .. hOchmnain<drrlalivelyun· ,hOllJ>'l;nbotllv<nion •• unl><,oa.d ... critiq""ofps)"d>Doo:!aI) .... usinatbo-.oflud~Bin> .. _.·whointumbo>eO

~==~=~~=L:~'~ tionon ll~·.lat ... o<ooun' of'he".,.. t>y ... hichthe W""""undcnlondiniofbrirq""""td""'''''''''(hofbci ....

='::U:!t;~u~:r'~':::'':=":f~' M'n"'111I""'tmdf'<ydrol"V' ;'tb .... th< ~'"""in

=;'~~r~O~'~=~:'f~::= t""f""ond....:ondvorsiono"that .. ·r..r ... <>tptbc~;,. Vtlui",,><im«ofthebody. therocanoolbo.ointilar_or hWIWI~ ... Myoirn.'·FOl>Cltu1tt<lio"' ... ;, 'o lhowt .... tn<tltal patl>olocy ' '''lu;,<>m ... l,.,o,of'''aIysiodiff ...... trom lhooeoforpnlcpa<bolotyondlhat. ;, oolyt>,· ... ortif..,.,O/ lalt, .. 'Iwtb<!Ml<rncanint:canbo.,tributtdto·~of thebod)".oo·~ofth<m;f'od· "( p.IO)

A.a:ordio& 'o f OUCluh. WOOl orpn;c patholosY p .. up 'rcat""~f,,,dixa>CS .. ""unolkin<l>-aodo_b)'. """;f",...,............:1 'ontrod ............ _"'" of, ... Ood, .. ... orpn;cuoitY dUnlpl<db}'~. i'b<am<"'"""'ir"'.AnaIomY andph)'Jiolosypr<l'l'i<k .... anoIysis,t.. . u,horiztosooli<l _ .... iomopiNltbc...,qround oforpn;c'otoIiIy .... The

=~:'~===::=:":~ ..... )'Sio;OII' ... ""'trory. il mok .. possiblt . mot<.aMob$u .. • tion and .... <I<I<nnirwion of . """",rtOlcoo..tYli' y'· (p, 10)

llut,fOUClWt....,.. • .." .... 'heomicol. ""u .... """"""of

~-:.!"..':':~=:-~i<::.~ ~1IIeI ocim,ir", --=" .... _ ...:ceoded in po)'CllW;t)'. Whcn po",hoIocQt. _ .. Kurt Colclstrioltri<d l0<xt<Dd, ... _i<~'I>aI_kotl inorpn;cmotlicin<'o .. O<XX>Ut1t

oftbcpenonolilY .. .. O>pOCIoftbcorpnism.'hq ... mdod'he idcol><,ond iu propndolnain.F_,..,.;, .. ol' ... ....... p'to """bint:t><pni< "",t.oI<t$yand..-.. ""'t.oI<t$yo ''1b< .... '1 ""'"""' __ t.oI<t$y~b<l"""' ''''v>riou<l"",,,

of=::~~IwI.,::,,~·~(·~;.:.:~~ffo::I1" IMber

~~::""".i...-=='~~~:::":::. '""'of".r<aI""usality"(p, IO) . IlutF~"""'Id'hcnno

~~=:;:~'::'~-=.:: . ~",.......,.,...his"""ls-Iromvolio:llll«>ri<sm ....... unoIandbioloPcol.a....:...siro:e in ,hoteo>e<Yet)' ot.iont:elhatmad< ........ doimo-.ldbt: ... uoIlyodf«tt><lotl. ThariOl'e_"""'1d ""' ... ....pri><d'ofut<l'ho< <Io:opiI<hisin. ,.. .. in .... historicoIbattarowMlondoociala>ns<qU<l1<eSofail trutIKIaims. Fouc:ault remoined 'Itrouahou' h~ ~r •• ><i<ntif1< _in'''' '_"'''ofhis_,~c.n.uilheon. t" .., OfJIftdationof .... _kof~.FOIICOtIIt_ .. I\l":

;::':-!"=:!=';';=O':.<=.,h~=~ positionol' ... tno<ODII' ... r ..... I';, 'hio"'f,,<nO<ro' ... _ of' ... '''''ond' ... f ......... i<hpv..'o' ... hisIory ics ''''''ficily ..... ~.impOo1"""'."··Whm ... """~o!K»I>-". FouoauIt..,. .. th< 'hr<ShoI<bof",*i"'y."",,~. _ ilkit)" ...... rormaliuoioa'hto<.IIh_<li><:unive'''''''''· '"""_·· ... ~5llC*kinlol ....... ol' ... '*'_olth<

='=::O:·,~::~~=.= ... 'o,too ........ """' __ . ...,., .. ""~~

~~=:~~:= tMty,..-hik uth<n.whoo<l«hni<l""""''''''opJIroIIrioI. 'otbrir objo<u.on:,,,,,,kwi,hnl<lh<ldo<lic<ated_by,hcW,,,bi«:lmat. I<r""'b>-t ... .,.,...,.!" .. i<uu ......... hi<htb<y~d<vdopcd.

:...,~:10r0J~·,:.~..:....~k;,!~ ... : tIionmina' ... _ly~ol .. """I<i<n«OIltll< t<Ch-....... of' ... inqui>ition ..... <>'P'~""' ... _·_· . f""""uh..,. .. , .... ··oItl!ouah~~'''''''''.inbcoomiTc . ,och·

:';'r;:":::;::::~~."",-:'~:"'.!"'hdt~ '-ed.t"'Ip'l"hoIosi<aIlcuminationha>r<mainod~

~:~:::~=!t~,;=,~':""......",.,... human __ and' ....... ythoyha .. ,rmainot!in __

po.m.Thm:f ...... '"J'I""'lIinImor,abovtth<.utonomouo

=... "':~~ ":'.=:.::,~ ~~': ""'''''''>o:ionccsha .... bo<nabl<roorri .. atrrialiw.u''"''''''y bcau><,hcy h ... round ........ olana/yJis' ..... uthori::os,_ :::-::'ioao""'"""""' ... '"thecausal .... wenintheph)"1icol

_onIy_F~. in M .. '''' llifta>wtd ... ,.-Ioo/<v. _"'"'.,......,......., ... ~ .... _ybul ... ' ... ...". _ .... imp6eo""" """,.""""""yioimPQ$Sibltf".., ... JOi-m=ofman.~'o F'"""tdt.foUowiq Blru_on<l , .......... iaI,hcrapisI •• ,hepcnonali<ycan_ .. III'~ .. .. .,......,_yofisolobltf"""';onoJcomponoll".n., .... y . _~_ I'adI_or_ CO<!O<>!y "'OU><I<ts<~ .. .. <>fII'eaionof .. individ ..... ·.ba<ic..-. yofbeina-iIHJlo......n.I. "..whoISon.-.:ool .. . .. /uodarncnt.alprOi«1 . ..

_.po)</lolol)'IIM ..... -..bIe<oorr .. popia<"' ......

~I~;::::S~ =~~~;::,~!f:::== ::;:::~~::~=:;;-;

n.. ......... Or~I.I ...... . '~lho: .. "'*'~_bc

::"W<~:.f::~mancom=;::::.\:"=== ri&hc_.n...-'.""fCOSOl'I"" hink,halF""""uh<V<f.bon_'hi$pIo..,;bI<posiI"",l~pouaIIe!s Jl~·. OPd

~'.""""",'of,"'_of''''''''utolOPdh"",*"

~o~i!....o.:.:';>~~~ .. =...:.~ iQ aa:ountof.......,.., .. rtxation .... twty.,..;m;t; .... infantile

~~~~=-~r~~!~;.A>:=.:r...::..= -...;,;, • ..,ontanrouI~or'h<~_ .. (p. l1)

Fou<auh .... thU ........ ba>«loo·1h<mytb. toOqill .... h.of. omaitI~ ."bst&nC«rr<Ud·. · ~bido:J ..... •• ·"'ydUcr"""'·,.whicll io """ .. th<nowmotcriolof<"Olu<ion ond_.pr<ISr<UiJq;inth<<XIUrXofindividuaiandoocia) ~.;.IUbi«'IO~and_foll"'~.thtoqII;U

~~::..~~~':"! .. ':i~~~.~~_~;":: j<ru this ...... in th< """",,of th< op<cil\city of .... lic~ p<NOfI

··l'h<r<cubonoq.-ion ... ofordWcpenonaliti<o:_m"" ...".,.th<opecifocityofthomorbidpersonality:tbopotholop:al =. 7';h<~':.'~ is n(I( ' m"m lOorip,,: ~ is strictl)'

Fou<auhio~.in,ff"". thotwhcn:hwnont.:in,p .. <XlIt·

«m<d,~doocriptionm""r<p!ao:o(poI!o)_r"

=;~~;=;:,.u.=_~~ .. ~o.:::

~E.:=~~~~::= (p_16)

... dncriptivc.;.< .• phcoommoiosicaI.---="', ...... thot

==~=~=~-:==:::::::. .. K~isn(l(.nat",alloIllnaba<k .. o .... posI: itis .. i<I· tmtional[L •.• n>eanin&/ulbutn(l(n«:<UariIycomci<>Wy

~=~:",~ ... ~~~.~~~.=; strok.ofrmi ... layinl>einl_ .. . toJOOo)'o<>cI .... <"OIuuoo· "'horizon<l<f"tnedbyth<n(I(ionof~_and.-:h .... N!:oori·

<OI1~=Jo~:..h.':.":.:~':'~i,P;;.~d_.Th< _·~·_"""'t Ph.D. _.,....-""'k_d t060julti«to fr<Udond irl..,doirq. forth<la<ttim<inhiswri"-oe>-

=~~~~~H<",=:,~=

,.,.,r..,.I"0j<aio<l.ond' ... Otd;pooIoilua<.,.,: ......... ..."..,o "","",I""''''' """"""Or RIOIi ... ion ond.,.",boIio rurrdlmen,. l!u!'''dro ... t'''Iin<IC·~'''~1<II~101 · ,,",.do'"'oI ·_hiruliD<t·"lp.).4).WlIath<""""",rnxnF"'OId~"",hU

~"""""",oIt"'prodOK1ionor.ympl""",H. rOC\llCl_on_",~i<:"",","", .h;nodlnxn ..

~:';'="''''''''''ionOI_tO . <l<><riplion

Thionotionor,..y<hoIo>pcoIdrf ..... ;,of_joo ... """"""'_Tht _of"'~""'_ ..... _ •. ""in_ .. ;oo .~_·_ •• _ror .. r __ " ........ 'h<f...u.of . _ ..... ....,.,.,...u,.<ilitodD<hOodollthr ............. or'h<of _ _ ~r' . .,~or"""m)'l~ ............ tlI<_h .... inI.1~ ... ""'''''''_juoO'hio: .... iO .. t_'''' _ .... """""" .... ~, .. ,_"" h<drf ..... ~ond n...,.'o_' .... th< .. bjta...,.oo"""hio~onIy _h<~"' • ...- ..... .,. (._)6)

"""""uII<itoswthol'P'O"alAnna FfftId·, n..ElOtmdIM ~_oj~""'an<I_to'um~qainsth<rrat""',

=:=~~~~=::~o:...",,: "tlI<_'. _r<prdtbcmOld ... ",intemal. __ · ~~if' ___ ' ............ , ... "'""""""

"A.yIoor~cohertno:om""befound'''' .. horizeo''''"n~ofnlOfbidp/Knomaut...;_ ......... iut<f ..... tiaI.- ..... <l<><rib«lin ' ... _of bioIo&icalp/laleo"(1IP·41_42). FOU<IIullro"",, " o_tl,1C oweo~", ••• tlI<moo:hanisIi<:causali<1or'beN"'",.

='!=:~,=",-:"::''::::;:::'~

==~3::~!..~~=:

Th<propO>al'luoIoo<."<>i<l~bj'def,"i".po(oo. loticolpo/t<m,ofb<ho""'''';'l>oo,-,i,.und<>Iyirc"""",,

=~%,~ri:l;:~~==:;; ='::::~y~:~r.~==~:.;: "' ..... {'m."uo:I)·{inoppcsirion'o ... form,oIpo~

=i;;,';::~=~=~.::::.,":,=:.w:= 'irn<Ido<o""itin thc:""""" oIan""'<>IoP;aIr<l1«Iioowhidl tU<> foril>major<h<rn::pr<>en<N<>-b<injt, <>Imce,n.-;"," "

~~'t~!,~7t/::'.!%'::~~:"'~~= bmi .. hlm><iI'o<l=rib;na,~ofpal/lolo&<:aJ<lliI""""'oI roolity. Thcrd ,,",,'o uooentanil,he_oach f OOlCllull f. """, .... wiU ..... IOlUppIemm' hi>lUIIIffiOl)' wi'h .. OC<Olin1o['n.

~·:~2~~:~~:':~;;

~~~~~;§ fmJd" lCochc:n"Iaimtd'hatm<nO""atcsllld, .. prn>:p!ion.

:fJ;ir£:::::=::~ 01 "atc di,rocd ,oward objc<o,bj' maru oI'<pr<>rnt01iom

li<Y<r<Yer. tbemtirelBdilionrromo.-n .. "' BrftllmOtuod moinIainod,batoDin1..,.ion.aI." .. m""b<_·_~

~~r==-:.h::.::::':"''':~ FINII ..... Iod"'in'rod..,,1h<_ot "" ~_· ~, lik.tbeCOl>ll3ousmind. _ direclojoa.by ........ ot

:£?.: =:~~= -:::?2 pubos. ~"'Fmod._dim:l«I';"~_' ideas. LiI:Odinalm<rJ)'"""",owb<haviorby'*'~ ' lP«ir", '<V__ ·"' .... ofl<Nl><oI>joa._ ... ,.,."d<si"r"' ...

... .,..;r""" ...

"'"'n:....""'.::::"_~b<0~~~~ fmod·. ~orpol/lololJ'_"""_.Fr<UII"""""""

==",~ ... ~,,:~::.",::~,::,~! 1h< _or«>nOl:ious"""'III .... :lh<f<rore' .... manir .. ~._·_ .. . )1Dpt"""'Th .. ,h<opistm><>los· iaoI""""'n'ormind . .. b<n"...,"'~r"'poI/IoIoIJ'.b<_.d#pI~II<fd>ok>Iy""""'"'""with ''''causaI_of r<pt<l<lltationsburiodin'''' _ _ ·.

Corn.pondirc""m.~ ....... or .. indand"" 'hoioc>''''' rmd .. ~_'''''or'h<'''''''''''''., pt<>«aID<Iopth~. th<bai<probkm is ' ... 1OIIl<

.......... ''''''mt.~..-._ >nd _po<>p<rl~in_«I;'''o th<..,·._ ... Or~""".""".'lbor>py'h"'<ORSiI"of bdpina1h<po!iont,o","", ..... ,h<ID<Idon"""" ntoand to"';', .. p<'h<min"'h~_n>cntaI.)'Ola'n ~ .. ta<kolhis~orpo!l>olooand it,

_.......".in1lw()odrrQjTII~ •. ··Th<r.h< ........ ' bolpoychiatrJis_onlymnt.k<nin • ..,.....l ..... in,,,; .. ,o

=:.":,::=::,,_bul:=:~

t<>bc.ocim:<of.pani<ulorin'erpm01.,..<>1human ........ vil. ....... "M.>.~t<> F"""""".is."""'h_sdf. 1nI....,......,.."'~t<>tbe<Ollapo<olrdiJ;ion _ _ aphysia.KaD,_«I,h<flnitudoolhuman __

"""""10 mak. 'hio "a)' n"ilode ,I>< ba>i> <>1",.,.', pooiol .. po ...... '''rromak·l'l><hto .. ofk_~~ .I_ ,.,.. r""h<poosibili"olkt>OWi ... " " 'l1I .. man ... lI<flIIcd~

:::=:;..u:~oo:!:=:=::.=: "f~_',,",l><iotbo""""'''f ... <If<It<.''''''''<Iina1O Fouca""·'oriainalooo:liUwninaoinaocrount. d the""""""of mlnllr<bm<don.ondlll .. ,o"llII&k ... ith.lhisdilf"""Ob

Aociono:<of,h<ps)'d>o_""thionotiootofmanwillthLll 1II ... ,ypK:aI.con.oIutodform.Si_h<io .. _ ... objtd:in ,he-.."\d.man·,ownmmllllcon'<I"io lom,nooo:l.-",.,,, 1tdn ....... .. ..".''"'''I ... _ ... heis·'l><tP<luaar_ ,.,.,..,,,, ... f·k_\odt<,"" Hnwt islObcinl<lJC;l>It:t<>ltintsdf. 'h<""'hoIq,h' mu .. ""imaoolyh<"""";l>It:,otbouah'ond dominaIedinOClion.)'eIimol ..... <hiounobouaht.inil.obtcur· ~1.ispncisdy'h<OOOlditiooofpoosibilityof'hoIq,h'ondOClXJot

::,,,~~'!~t;:~~~~~':.~ ceuoI= ... k"""' .. tly'obo:WI<l<nak .. . fmlt.""Foucauh corls''''' .. ''''''ure . ........... <rilIicol .. ,ocim:< <>1 man'. mind,

:::"~~~~=~~:~::= ........... wi,hin ... ,h<hunwt"""""'.ln ... ,inail$tlr'I>< ''''''ofmokinl""'diocou, .. "f'h< __ ' op<ak'hrouaha><>"""",-",,,,Ooanolysis is ",,,~in'hc<liHaion<>1that

~..!':'~"'~·~~;:;·~=o~~~in= :::'t.!.:"::h;'~':.:..=~::::o7::;; ........ "rn\afl' .... _'hOt_'h;nkthc""'~'

Thus in FOOCallU', 1>t<r oocoont,1'O}'CI!oana/yt Ih«>t)""''''' """ob<""'jw<a')'!IicaI(poeudo)~ofhu"'"I!dnJ'bu!. morespecifo;:ally.on <X<mp/&ry(po<U<io)JCien«of""",.In _",",,·''''Ilf< .. r,ni!<''<al'''''''b<~''«ll»'.nun!houab<'halmus<bo.bUlC2ll •• • ..... bo.fUUy=upt'a<tdby

Hoid<u<r.r<Kting apirurCm<>iaorq>r""",'atiooali>mood ihrno<lrni..""""" •. d<vdopalllllo/lcrnarl..,moOdof,he =I ... ~~:~i;.~~=':::=~= prrl ... "'op<U.of ' bo .... y ' he"hokhunwJo.ioaiorelartd

:=~~.:::;;:"~::..~~=!::! _<b<ororId-..-Hoi<l<u<r .... mind oodworkl ... in· """"~_g"hr~r...n,dri...,'O~\hr"""'~ _or,.bjocl>n<lobi<c<wirh a '.-.yof!>oi".hecall,"bein.I· io4 .... world ... in .. ·rnchh.moo.oon..or~'" ... o kindof

~:?=:==:=:~;E'E'~ <ir«ttd ' OW2ldobjccts.lWher.Hoi<Ieuerood'booxi"mtiaI pbeoommoIoJioI, whoacccplooddcvdoph" vi<wa=n,h"

:::'r!, ~!".='::~"'::~=:,~~~"'~ prooi<Iedbyo""k,rou"".tKknt..-.mq;or,,h.tcoun,.,oo.

:;:l.~~=:=:::;E~ ~of .. ·h.til ....... 'o_whicbioembOOitdin'hr _1aoauq<.oodinstir.ticHuof aoocinyandinolipenon<

==~~=!'~~~na:: "",oIoV· FOUClLulrdcscrlberh".-..--.:h inoimiloroo'oIoticaI

=~~~m.~=~k;;;"'~::;'

:::n",,~,:"';,=~.:;~=~"1~ "cuhu"'·.undcntondi"'ofbci.,."""'cs ....... ~

oall.o "clearinl" ltk/l'u"f) in ,,"O;h ",,,i, ... ,,,,,....,,.,,,,fo< ",.M.wi«M .. Io:o" -Poo'r. · r_orf1~ond_of

~:~~~:;E::~!"E '~01 ,hiscl<ooinlis<orrelO1cd "';,""""bodily"'ill$ond,h",,",,, d .. bodiIr"""",,wc,.kc''''''*'"<lpoOpl<and'h~.El<:hpenon

:r:~~::"~;:..~'7':::;'~~.== ' ..... oociaIpr ..... iceo.Th ... ea<hpmoclcorJln'oha"' ... 'obc 110 """ mlbodiod o ........ OIIdi"lof..t.ao coun" .. rcaI .... ...,h ~oou""._""'· .. cbul~.,ario';.,.,'""""'_""bf"'

T. k •• F""""".."eumpl<. C/Iri$i .... "' ..... ionimponcdon undcntO/ldinao(human-.. .. "' ... ""'ofOOO .... "d<.'ely ..... ' ... _'""".CIIrisoionuy""',qcd."'~ oforu,.. .. <r ... odbyOOOond'h .. f.uo(.~"""""'U"" ooticiocden<ll=in,<rpr<I";"", Thi>unifood OIId<nIonditIiof poOpI<andthinp ..... cmbodiodin'''"'cull ... ·.pra«ionond ... ""' ... .,.,..;bililyol' ... ~"""" .. ".lh<coPoand ' bc UlU"ou" U.ond f ...... yFm .. r.'herap<u';:WloknIondi"lof ...,. ... ""'1 .... .,. ... 1.

"Thoon,ofosical .. __ 'o'bc"""'<IIIOkJ&ical ....... of """""bci",In<b,o .. . hmo.o,;""ocooun' 01, ..... _ ·_.

~=~;~ti~,'!:~=~:': ... di>lonionoflh<hurnond<orinJ!U.llmat. .. illWTO'O'ond

;:!.~:~~':...~~~!"'..;:~:.~

_"'Si ..... _ '._ondlQmo.l>e ..... not .. ,~

1n' ... . ymb<ilio;meaniJq;oftl><ron""tofdr<am>butin ' ... p<r·

oonaI";Moflt'l>CIurizq.space.oo 'imc,hatdr=mr<"Ul Bim_usaI,l>eon<oIosi<aIltruct""of . ptt!io""",,,· =.~~tt;r'::::k ~;~~=~,~~i=~",~ _tocapl"""""~JW'<f1Iof . paliont',tif. Foucoultapiai." "lt is. qu<>tiooofrc>tonn..,h"""""hi>

=~~~:.,~~=:'~::;:; normal indivi'htol)ondtl>< morbid w<>t\d"" ... hich ,hlocon· ocio<lsn= of illness op<rU. " .Th<und<r>tondini of,h< .id

=:-'='~'':':~=i~: (P~_·" h<rai>l'ootl<iit«linh<ipins. pa'i<nt 'O b<oom< O'nt.ofhU ... "'ofllrinJ.-in·'!...worIdondto""" ....... »OIt>i. bitityrorit,Thi>inil>df ... ,>ltPP'-""<ltop«xl"""o~.!Io, ~oo..,..,..,p!oin ... bY"~hMd f", . »<!''''''to_tI><

"y\<orhis ~f., .-no...hi"h<r_proo:l"""'hi.uoo:l<ntondi ....

... ::::~:'~ff:=::"!!"~=~f »I)'ChDpa,hoIot;y . ,.,.the<""'.".-IIrlIF""""""""""'lOlIav<

:=i":::.is~Q~S:-=-U:;~~:~~ penonrdot«tooom<peopl<o<""""oIljoct.booorneohi, .... y ortela<insto all poopleondallolljoct •• lO,ho' i,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,h< =~~=~~·==~h<oIl~: ... 1IicII_ ,.k,pIII«ift''''c~b<rome>.<Iimeruiooor

::,~~'~:"~~~=,,aJ~~~,:,,:.:::~ ofouch..,....aij_' .. On< l:w ooly to'hinkof ' '''''''jWous OndiYi<!ual< .. -t.ojuttify'Oeirmi>trm'.'t.ririn'<rprrtotiom.,brlr dc!usionol»'>l<rtWilation •• by.~~or"'c;, >us

=-~~:''':<>:::''::'==~~~~: ' h<IDDIlra<bcalmi>f"" ..... "f'h<U...w<nC<.Th<ynormalil<it !ryrcferrinai<'o'h<" .. """of'heir~~f.· ·(p.4!).Wh<n ' hiol>app<m.,h<p<nO<I·,woridor<Wrircbooorne<""",,""«I ondrip1.""",~m"""''''''-,"p .. on'''''''''''''forjeal· ousy.ond,h<per"",,,,ff<nfrom . lackofpos<kr>Iondondov..- .. hi<h ....... ""cootrol.Toru,t>lith,,"'coot, ... with F..ww,<I<!'Ihp>rofIoIoIy.thisonloq;..

:=-.::;:=~;:;.~i .. ofc<>nl""i"'o fuistentialp>yclIiatf)' ___ k''' • ...,''''p>Y<bi<coot

_,onddcf.,.tbeirn<>rTll>londabnonnalf~.

"'TlI<va/idi'yof,h<p/lmomrnoIosicade0crip600sis_1im.«I.,..j..........,''''''h<~ard .bnomwtI' .. (p.''') _.~'oF_ .• < ..... irtSl_~ t!><"m<lfbidYoorld " f,omtb<woridof.··l>OI1Il..OImon:· " ITlI<I _...wmceis ... rnuk<d"" ' <f)'paniculot"y\<of.-.. doni .. ''''worid:'''Iooini''''~focationlloftb<YoorId.!ry ....... ~.f".d ..... " .. Jt""'.,.,....i'y·· (p.S6)_ n... .... hcpo1imt .... ""-"fLlt Llf.buI .. """k in.pa<t.db< four.;l:iftb<p.aI;on' .. iU ...... lOinlOf .... P'<'<I\Iandpa<t.on: _In.<<IlOI:ftlt<rintb< f...,.of.~"'''*'o6on . ___ ln <Ot\'_ .... h""'hi!ooryol 'h<nonn.aIir>llioouol. tb<~ calhisOory " .... k«l.,.I. I.;rwIot"""""""y·· (p.·n.

O"O' ... en il' ... poti .. " ..... led'o,O<OIIIiu'h<<<>nllrict"""'" ofhiopr<S<tl'<It.oMa."'_Idb< ~ ldyt<>inIi>I 'Iw.".«rtoin tim<intb<_h<haddi$rovo:ml ,,,*,'h~;"~,,,pI,ltowlhlnp ... forhlm.ru.truth.his .. d<>Iiny·· .. F""""oItp ... " iI (p.08) Th ... tb<~"_ror'IInIina' ... otII<IkJ&i<aIb. dinlo ,h<."..,~ "~;.......t'm"""rtdmnin< ' ... potien<'. oaw:ofralit,.This"a<romp!id>edl»'_"inf;wilh,lI<p.alimo t<>~,,,,,,,,II« "OC<:Oun'ofho"''''potimt·.<WroW_

~~~~":,:=:"'~~":.":'::: "".keo'obtl'lil_i<lf~""'oIIjo<1i .. realiIfb<nh;'own_· 'rary"'<rp<elMion.

~=~i=%;~::E'~= ~blerealilf;'simply/oi,-puti<ularuw;lqui,k1"0fJ''''''

~~~n!~~h:,~~~~: ~'''''IW'''''fOf''';''''h'''''~'bt'''''YIl'l''''''''''''''h''''''O

'im7,'<~~::W:~'r~~;\i~~::: For, ..... , ... '~.~m:onsIrucI""'of'lI<lUbi· ,rviPcuof til< potim"."""'of .... i' • ...",1dbt-.t>,.,II<

~~ri~~:::.:.=::::<1":."'=~,;:"'~ = ~'=;.t~..; '::-~~.;":,::':-;''= _doy<· Thos<musinaI .. ....,...inl«prfl .. iom ...... prac·

=;:'=5=:~ Onc< ....... howtll< ........ i .. "'j'Ch;. ....... Il<ocri"'"'"of

:="~=f::~.~n=~::O~~=-".: :':'=O....::=.·::tt=~~~~..:~"': 'hokvrequ~a ...... hod.ofanol,.i>diffcm'l' from ,_of",. pn"~uw;I"' .... is"...fb<l ..... ,'""'oflon&uo&o 'lW 1he....., ...... ina<anbt .. ,ribul<dto·iIIn<>o<!tofth<bOO.·uw;I

=':'·~7 .... ~···~!r~~:·:;.~~:::

lI>o:idalof<><pni< ooIidari'y .... _on< to <Ii>!"'Wh and to uni<. """bid~andlda;l!ed""""""'.' .... __ of

p<n<><Wi<yinm<n,oIpo<hoIou_nsuchanalysa"(p.12).

~tt4.~:'=y~=;:::::o~:~ =·;~,!::=~,:,canb< '~or ....

In'hi< ........... canh.""' ..... obi<c<o<QUOOIion$.b\I,_,hoy .... notth<""'of ~lhatho .... obi<cth'< .... " .... Wha''''''could~ io flIIhrr {I) . <I<saipoiooof,ho1lnlCto"of •• If.w"l"<lin&b<iDcs and its variatiom_. philosophiool "",hropoiosy_ and (2) . hi<loryof,ho .. p<rimc<of modT><>i.i.<"of,ho_ofxlf·

:.,~='::~.:.~~~~~~ Tbi> io,ho, .. _bohi1Kl P..,. land ll of ,ho_"""""or ' .... l><>o< .Th<r"""""""._.""" .. n<dno...rnhi$tory ofth<"'!I"rim«ofmoo:l .... andou,procti<esfofd<alina-..ith ~ . RotI...-.FoucaWt . .. "",.opon'O .~ O«O\UIlofth<

==:;~Ei=:=:::. ~~~~-=.~=y~ oci<ntifocoUybylhowinabowth<OO<iaICOIIlroo:licotiomoff<Ct<d ,1><b<oip.So"""'inO\aplcrlofboth-won.foucoohnot<s

:::".'~~=~~".!i.:f'=::n7'm':~ ondonoood,Itroqh,hoprocti<esofth<mvir""""",withroprd 'o ........ (p,l2)andprOlJtiJos'o.....,...ipPII1I1 .. ' .. dioloctic

of .... ~of .... iniIividuaI'ohis .. I'ironmtft'··(p.Il)., ... phrucoou"",,_ly1lD"-.Thcyoould .. r..,'0 ru. =",~.ociaI"""""or,o"'IaI .. H<i<ku<rianC\lhufll

Th<om",-,,"yroncominawhidl ... virorunenta1 <X>!1diOOns

::::z.:=,,:~::~~:== "H """"' .... _. '0 briiow ,1W.<><pnic"""'uOOn.

~~':;.orll'~:=~m::::::::.:.~ .... iDnossllWlif .... ilsdf.llIOI iUmodaIiIieo.i .. fonmofcxpres-oion ..... yY ... r<WMd. Bulu.. .-.ofu..~ _ion ... >U<h. or< '0 bo founo:l ebcwherc"(p. 601. H."",·

::"":;~::::=":~;~~b:..IW.,,:,~=-::~~ .....,uz.ilsdfin'h<i!lindM<!uaI....- ."'joa.orlo<h "", .. iI.....,.,... ' ... iIIneso . ~.~u..""" .... '-Th<onaIl'Iaof QU' ".yd'IoIosiobU>il~ .. which'um''''',,",'''''in'o. :7"herc"1,,;.h::""~t~~';;==::::'

_t""OIIIbicui<yofoocia1<riliq .... dioombit;OI01o:1,how •

..... >t ... 'wo_.ofP ... II<Ii ..... '~y·'"' ... oricin&l ~ .. sF_r<><Wt:<l""menwi!n<ss .. t ... ni_'h COIIIW)'U>iI<k>'eIopo:I .. .,..,...,.."'_howpol""'olYwa. ' ... f<5Ukof •• noat< ..... , ... __ of"""""y mullin, =:=~;!=~~=?in":~c!: ~ ... -~':"'..:~::=:,f,.';,!~:~~r~·~=~ from ..... ""rOX<dfor.-r.=IIury: ... i .. h ..... o:I, .. " 'ndu. OOX<>W1IlopIolimoUon._ OII •• """,.-rprop<r!y.

::'~~=":'i~=:~":[~ iI~iru<ribosilsdfinpol"'*'li<alfl<l " "Th< )lO'I<I~ tlW.~"""""" ... _;.,.,of"' ...... ;.,., ...... in'h<ir''''''.

pcrl\aplilo\'oIoptd'oosc.)'rnptorna!i<r"""' ....... lh<wbJ«t

:!:'"::::.'i':~':':~~r".!~=~~~.;:; rromh_mea"i ... in . roId>n<l_'~w<><Id_"~

.J~~':.::':,='~~.=::~~ oondwim.oChapl<f5""'pr ....... '"" ,lt iowcdin' ... overaD conchcion'oM",'oIJn",,,,a'IlI~, ln'Mconclusion foucaultpla"on,l>o:ombicoitylO"""bir>< . M..->ian".,.,...ori· 'Octutand . H~n<ullural.,nt;q""of Fmod

Ifiilnmllodo .privilqedlOOdtol<>""";OO"""" bI_ .... of ""'ttMiaor. ""'. it I, .... "",."",Iho.-. of,M «JO·

~~~r~l;~ Con!inum,.hi><:rit;qucoffmHl.fOUCluitoimpt .... bslitu' ... in ll>o:fono..;". por""oph. ··oorcu~ur," for "capital""," (p. V) _,.".,."."h .<'><Wnio.in,..t;'y>in,h<eoo'nodicti<>n<>f"""'" !claOOn>'''' ~'ilh."""W!"",,,",,,,_ "O\u CIdI .... ..... t>r<ri""""'.lhotl...,. ;n . .... y'"ot_clcarforiudf, illowncon'~:lIWltUld"'n',.oo"c .. th<oIdd<Hrnor""_yand admi" ...... "",Jdand mu .. <JIperimcchim><lfn<ptiwly.

=~~==~~~·;,-;:o~:"""~: " m)'lholo&Ybulltoo""maJlyc..adm)'lm"(p,~,)

£6E=r;r~"T~=:S.E did.IIo:>-<m-<r.t"'aI ~tllicardhi>oIdLl1.pt<r6.F_had

=oJ:,,:!o~.::,::.::=~;:~~~ bi:ofacitotiooandinhibition.'·~SoinChapter6hc ... """""

=:.==:~:::.'::~.==,~ IIOIIIUII IWlCtKlninl 01, ... brain.

Thio"""""" ............ "'COIIructdir<ctly..;'h' ... ;O"" .....

oI..o:totho ..... yol~._"""IIi"'..-.l)'·~ ~ol.,...,..,...and"")dIos<s .. "ylaolai>tmco • ....... ociaMif"'apIonotioool'hcir....-.II.IIoweva._ """"'hcr' .... ro.BinI_and'hcai>tcmioJ'hcropist. _ .. ion ..... ""'mcon"0~..n .......... ion.butonl1 ~<:<pIanot.,.,.""<aIl ... , .... _"Otl'.l>ou"hc

==~==::.~Po-== ofthoroltor __ ·' ..... oouIdbo . -. .... andconsio-

, .... suppIancn<'oomtmtiolpsydUott)"

:':::=~"'::':..=':i.:~~::= in.II""' .... <: 'haItho .bnonnaIaystallizcoorounditoolf'''''

~~~~~~~ ~his~~O::·i;-::~..!:~::;-'~ OO""wiItho_diso_iruor .... it ... r.....:tionaltlist ... · boncer-.ltinl;from , ... """,t.Ji<tiom in , ..... YirorunmI.""

~·,:~::=.=~7~~= <IIt1OpopuIorinFrancc .. 'hetimc ."··Sino:e'hc .......... initsdr. d<f ...... tho'hcr~_m""b<inlU>o..;'h~boIoP:aI

Aa Foucouit "", .. in hi$ ... fOSI'tCIi""<riIiq .... t ... .....--. tionotphilotoplUcal .. thropoIoJyandJOcialhistoryin~'aI 1 ___ iIJ kad him to .... qain and . II ... pt.

lmtO<yort"'forms"ftbc~"fmad ..... Thi> ...... rtd .""""'inahsI'«l""'ion"fph~,,"~··"oI' "...,.,ot·Th< history 0'_:· F""",,""·,_worl. __ Cit>ili:JJ/m." PllbIioh<d in 19!i1. """ .... thio _ __ .Thc_Chaptenl"""6or_,allll __ P>r

=,,~'''"''''"'c t~summ''''ofth;,!ICI-f'OF

Bot F_w"""'~"'htho __ ,_""

~~~inri:'~:~;::-~ =«l0~~'::::·="::=-~=: ~',hi>loricolint«pr<totionotourcultu" .. """'~_

;=e~=:~:i=JS: "th<n<W PIllt Il OrM",'aI'"",.",'Od~. _m""

... urn"'~

In -,_11 ...... Hridou .. caU'~~lIOIh;"*"",,.;U _ormi<malllfOUIlllinlfo<it,octiorn.."" ... ~" (UMrimlidlk<il).ondl><focu><o""'h<"'".....".."oftIW .~_lIW<Iy_H ..... ""'ydO}'octi.;ty .. aoo, •• r-upof 'h;.~andh<rm<n<"''''' ... a modoofill'<rprrt .. ion' .. reqoi,."th.vioInl,wrenchinl awoyof""bIiodiogu;,e, ,"o.. srin·, kilodo/M"I thl1!ltJ.mWltb ,ha/an. ontoIosi<aI int« pr«ation __ in<lf'lI<"""of .. h;t>;ti tl& th<p/I<nom<Iu.

intlleirprimordiolity.*>uW""""",'iw/><i", ojlllu.u<y.i. ";ItQ/lhif""lly~o""""<JMcy'oro_lhinp ",, , Emtcnti&l 1Ul..iIY$>I. """.fOU. ooMonllytw'lI<<hant<terofdoinl vK>I<n<e_ totbodaim'of .... <r)'dayint<rprrtotion.o.-to ... <X>I!1placcncyondit,tronqui~«d~_··H

~·,"""hod;,thu<..,iAstM«oI .. hatPaulRi<"o<ur

:=':.;;,==\~;~I;'..-::~::.h= oItbo\nl\h. <_I •• 'h<,,,,th of th< dai< "ruuI< or tll<bbido. On/y""""""'OOrityu..""alra<ly"nmasJ<<<lto.~ tnlth(1heM.,.;."heoriot.,IteFmodian ,I,.,.""",)canf.,.<:< tll< ""f-<ld_J>OI1i<jp.an",o...,it too. ln llrifll aod 1lm<!Hridq;.

::·=o~=.:.~~~=~n.,~~: mtIr<.;"_ca5<""'=(II<'''''''~~,tll<_prob/<rni> th<mtrictiort<er«ttd .. d<f"""' opinst .... truth :thu,f~ th«""h~!Upp<»«l tobrina.bo"'JOIll<_oflib..-.oion MarJcpromises .... .,.,..,.,.r<bseObyrealizino'haton<·'''''''i> expIoited : F ..... offer.rtll<controIpiroo:df""",""v<rif\l ..... ~_"'of'"'.· .... """'y;""" H<i<l<&a<rclairm that th< ..... ;w.;oothat""'.llidrlirIeofor""';oo=-bo: aroun<I<d_ "hidl .. caltsboidingOlltOami<ty-oi=Oo...u. incr<ascdop<rl"",.tkxi"oility.ond""",W<ty

foucault'I M.,.;.,a,opt<rj_m<th~I.oompat;

bir:withhi:rO«<l<ll'ltofajn.,.lti&lthe.--ap)'l><=l><bothw.re<ll' ..,pi<sorth<~ol"'<picion. Bin> .. _run<l.""ooo m<n'alpotholou .. ina""""'brity-o. rclusaJ,o~hilltWt

rn..x.m....mchcooldocrurinonyrnlt"",.ThoMarxist

~=:".:~~~::";'~ohe= ;::So":"=:;=!'~=:~.ru: pr<tatioo<ofm<nl.llpolholotYfroroohe MiddleAaatothe kcnoiJMnC<toth<prc><n1 ...,ooY<m!upwh ........ ra/lyoociol "i<n",ionondm<ntal~1n= . ln thereviso;lo._~.~.

=!.~~!h~~':.t:!:.~~ ~nu"= ooIytooo~rn. thal . Wlt~t"'ooh~ .. oh positm.tmedicinc. the madllWl ..... rqard<d .. """""""'·poo=«

=~:~S'::.~:~==:!:t: F"""'ulthodb«n~I>t"'H~.ond""'"'~

r<jecI.hi.=1itrolai"'th<r<;'O/ty"r>derl~oh;st_'''''h .booth"nunb6nj:<."~nth.olhumanb<ina''''''''''''''''Iy'''f. oonceaIin;s_thatD" ... in~ dimly.war<of i"··nu.llily··ond;'><·

~=t~~:~:=~~:~I",cr~H~~ UmicalGr.=-W .. tnnIllOllO";"".proj«1ofthcmional aplanationof<"<IJ"hina:.nu.l<..dsto • ..naof<>Jlturalpnc· ti=that.in<lT"". prosr=i,"dyf<qettbocl<OriIq.andth .. tt.. """"ofh"""n, ... _ond""""~.F",.Ia!",H~.~",,, hWlWlb6nj:<do_~ity ~~"~.t'"

::',,;==,:;::<:::!...~:!=;;;'": """kod . RoI .... ;tisun<l<rstood ... "'lImalint<fJUIation..;th V<O!.,hO/tta&<>M ovenl'oti"'''''''

.,;=;,.:r:,,:~=~~:;:::.,,:~=.,,: =i~y~;O:~;%~~=~,'7~ff:::!h<.=;

=~~:='~,::=oI'::h """"~yond"""oIi11n<ootob<f«XW<f<d_h • ...:w:iaJIy""";. .. cd.disIortcdin1<rpr<l"io<>. F..-F""",,uto.inn.· _"' ...... Hftdout<. ilio""""""'poaibk ,o>p<al:.or"""· ... ;n.....,~1>.ond~ .. ir' .... _iomhod .. oIIjoai",n:r""""'in<Icp<ndcn;of,h<pr*'1icn,flat Ji""h<m

=~=~===::~,~~=:: " ""';"'penonoI";"encein o cono:r", oocioIsit"",io<> ' o .. ud1inlth< hisooricalonddi>clmi"'pn":ta. ,Iw<l<fi ..... ·..,.~··in_ 'ho:_"'or ..... toImPCl>~

~~~~:=~~;::,:'~'!:,:"':;,~=:.:;~:

~~S¥i~~g~ =~~~~~'::":~~~~~,!,:: UInoso ... Thiolhift Ji ........ meanina'o._"""'q<dflom th<oriP>a!Cbo!>c ... lond"""""'to ,ho:croIof,h<1I<WChapin"6

To ..... up.Io.""*""b<Wd'''''''h< .. ~ ............. of """' .. iIIn<s<cannoI .... _...,.,....."'~"..t..~ .. __ .Thb< ..... , ....... iIIn<s<may b< ...... cdin ........

"'h""""' ......... in......,., '0 -";""''''.''-''''''''''' in_'o .... r"""'or .. u"''''''.IIu!, ir_~''' .''''"' ,'''''' ... 'olUChm)'lhi<al .. ....., .. _ .. ,b<...-.... "' .. )<h<>IopcaI

............ ' ... ''-''oti"U ....... ''' "" ",iu ... ioI.." n.opo!osy. ___ t<p«!'hox._ ....... , of .... ' .. ;u""., .. -...

IoP<&Ir.,.,." Ip. l<)

WIta',doe> ,hioloo"'emt",' iolpoydUolri'HodFoucwJt

=.:.u.-==~e:~::,~~~ h<~'ho:hl>tory or romuor"'P<I"ton«'Thii_. in

=~:::~I~S;~='::: r><_""'w~yh<ptlblisl><dtht~ ,<nion", t .... fint

~;;.,~;",:::!Ia=~=~t~:;~~=

:Z:~~2;==:b<!~~;~:"!:i tie.. >0 t~ .. ""1 ~"'l'_"'" m~t CO""',, mad in on< cui·

~:::'::Xb<htr~""!,,,:,~n.o;:r=:U::': onalyoio of <?ci>tcntw RnlCtUrn should b< rcjoned but thot to ><udy'hoir "di>tOTtioru"ini>OlotKmwookl ri",", o m)thicol.,. """'"tof"""toldi>ortkn,H<""n'hu'mainhit~ocroun'

~~:"'hoItar.;:!~;O~:i~::=~~: ="":':0"':= inwltichit_ed~.tob<ain~;lh. th<tirnplef ... lhot"is

:E:;E'~~;'~:'~EEJ:J:~~; lUSpidoo,Whtn F~lt"..,.. .... tIi"ot)'ofmadn<ss ;n"" ncwO,.pI<r6, hctpeiliof"thcnilhtofIW.u<rnrrwt·'1

~·,~~_~'),:;"~;:;:,,,~;;:.":7h<by~k~,;::

~':~~0c:.,:,::,:,::~~~:=~~~~ ronmofap<rim<:c, . , .Aboutthtmi<ldl<or .... ~th =t"r)" •• .-~t(X»);pIo<c; 'hc~ofrnadn=w ..

tO~"':-H::,~:l::;~(~!.,."...,.".. F""",uk ..,.,.", of.., "ambq"""".,.p<rim;:<thot ollo",,,,,,,,,",,,,,,'o ~ >t thtV<ryheo"of'htfomilior"(p , n).oIHltike .

=~p<J::c~~~,=:~:~:~f':

~>dySUfJlXftS<d:··ModllC5l.""'ichOod f"' '''''''''bccn ......,wunteSlri<l<d • ....,""lIodfor"' ''''''bccnP«>''''''''' ' h< l>ooUcn.d~td.I' .. l<rtd.pI>oKof';Io:n«"("".6I!-69).

~~int':-;::I<°~=o~=~~ iIy.htholotYmak .. .aer.:.poooibkond.aer.:.thm,unuond

~":,=~~.!~::::';;~.';'=~'~ lUoricaIoriIinonolit.ba<Uinpall'lDl<lsi<:al •• ~ .. ,.M2n bocam<.'II"~opecios'on!)-»hrnhi>r<Io'ion'" madnmmad< • .,.~pOSSibk.'hat""''"Y • ..t.cnhi>

=~-==':-:~t~~~!,~ =(:~~~~~I~"=;;: _"' ... f(oo' ... si<leofmonl....;,""''''''r·(p.14).n.... ,hernaofpunishmm,ondobj<ctiration.oIo!q";,h",ihond

~::;;$=?E:~EEr ' ...... tI>mIeo ..... l<fi "~d .. ' ohi> "nq_itIainf,'""· cepton<cofthcll<rmrn<\lticsofow.picioo._ltdhim ,olook

:"~'::;:;:"~~~~;:~::'!h~n..""::; _of'm<n,oIillneso'is,h<<>jIf<<Sionofonottemptdoorno<! from th<ouuet.\\'IIo<ioalltd·mmtol illrao·i>simplyg/_,«i __ oI_tdin'h< ".".....,..,.,.tlw..haoil><lrmad<poooi.

bk"(p.76).Th"'madnmm""b<"~«Iond~"rnod'o ~:··~(rn""b<) rrotdondd;wicno'<d . r<>tortdin __ to"~noI""""'''(p_ 76) Inth<"""""....-.ofMno'Q//I __ Psyrltolop.

F<><><:atIII • .."..."<lidoonobjecli .... ooc:iaIfNllimonly'o fOU in'o."'bjecli .... fNllim. H. r<pIac<s.Morxistciliq ... ofthc

~""'=.:.='"!.~:,,~,:-;it:

olonofm"ruolillrlrnll>I ... IMISlO3<Of.hiSlorical<l<nialof .... expcri<nceof .. ,.~.lnt"'fi ... , ,,,,;oo Foucaull<rilidxd .F~_""of"'-<.pOcOonU<in&'IOciaI...uonof"" h<m"'n<lIti<sof"'<picion. 'lle!<byr~fmKI ' .>cicnc<of

~~ndi=~~~~':~"':':';'~h <I'w~~"' "p..,;'h.hi_ '·<niooofar.,. Hrideua'.

dairn,ha" ... 'ruth'IIat"~ed"pis",.ncen=,i.<,,1hat lhcre i,noobj<cli,,'''''~abou! ,"'"",""ofhwnallll<m£$.1IW ll>TouP ;,arl",""".,''''",,",pi,''')'tI>«>r}',lIatsom<thirla~ lrin&<"'i ..d<d b<ca""' .... jn' «<>!<dpart;.,oo"'" """"to f_ ;L H< .r",SI;lIhold!i,lIat facilllw!at;'udLKkd .. ""klbrirq,lil>-"ation . J" .... fot- .. rl)· H~ .utll<nti<v....;., bo."""" fr«byhokl ... ""'o.rv<i<ly,"'forFooeaui!m..; .... ofTtn, ...

~,::~.of~:::::=,,·:=,,:;=a:;: ~ .... will ... abl<lO ... fr .. ofo1l!>'l'<holoiYand ... r<arly

for-::in"'~~==!:':";:;';;,,:~:"~~~r::~ Qj'Tlrj~"h.II<ll"Itr<j<cI,hmncncuti<o,l><iorcjec<inrI • ..-itb FmKI,MmI, and =b'H<i<I<Qcr. hi> o".-n hi;rtoricol brud of

~~~:.o~=;~~~,'::~':;'",~ 1I"Cff'i<' fOllC.ult """"",all h<rm<r><ut;';',whi<hh<Wkaeee;;.o.-C< •• ",""ta.-y . .. .... m;,t.k' ... lempll<>ij....,. • • ol<q>

=~:r.7·=~,,=,::F= =~:"~f=<'==,!,.."'7u=~ lIennen<Utico ,hu> "OOom,m ' oOll endleIs "uk . .. [h<cauoert)

§~s!;::;§E.!§i1~;; OpJ>rOa<II<>'h"~""""hidd<n .. vi .. '''''h''';'h''''

mnuk' .. For""" ......... ""'..,,...;todillvainfort ... -..of thcWO<d." .. F"""'ultexplicitJyow/i<>th.oti' ..... IOM<d.-

::'~~:"'~;~1:::;~~': _""'..,\>t<IIoaicIof ............ . partio:ularlimobyinte:r.

~=':~.:n-itsolf.ib_oon' .. '.~ltil .. ".

~~:!::':::".:~h'~F=.':"~.:: ~::.~~:". .. ~ H=in:_",~ t~ 'hcmaticm&)'d~.kavircforana/)'1io I bIottt. incIifl' ...... '..,.,.. !ot:ki .. in both in,eriori',ond ~?""

For . tim<fouo:oult"""'PIod,hiI«>rt><QU<II«. but"'>tilNod

:;:;~=.~,~~~=::;;~ ~"'ionof W"""'nwI. lkid<:urrp .... "P''''II<rrn<n<1.I· tiooof~_no~ t""""' inl<mlltofw:lution ,H. IIooq_ionod .... .;..-ofhil>t..imt. H......o..:qGodlmer. tbotthcre .... . IIVirc'ruthhilldm .. ' ... W<>l.,..,,'ro<6tion,.' but ... did""'V«""thc ...... "'IO""'k ....... ofourhiltor)' ~ ... """"'torri'\on""~y •• ffoci<r.<)o.ondCOll1ro1 __ U-,~.,...-uc..'"".....,.CIIII<tomcorn·

::;;~.~~""~~~~~':':.= il<ofpo_."~erFoucoulttoo.;.,DOrip/in<_Pu"iJI!ond n..HiJIory<>l_?,wned,oonin,_ionofO\lrhis-

~,:,~!.':.."',.'!":::-;..~.u:. ...,....,on<\<fICyormoden>"""""o .. poncI 'o~IIlI""""". orbchavior. f oucoulthcidlhotbeco ... mo<km""""'.,.. ... p~ __ in_.~k<_th<y<ak<~_y.

=.:.~.'!>em, .. _forf""herint ........

("(be"'rooodofh~rq.ht";'hl'uud,FOIX2U!! ;' !h". ;"o poWon",oupponhiooccuootim,ohadyodumlnteditlM..,

:"'~:~~:"=:=-O;,=o:::; norm21;nnaoonf...w"w toctmology,lnhisloct= ood ou" , vi<wo.uudin& toM .. )'Otun""blishNCo"'_",o!,~f7do, P~t",Jl""th .. a.rutj",,"""f~~ptOolLl<td o

bcin, be.,..n,"!h, .... of<l<>ir<." Thi501l'i<tionm&llid<ntifood

=;':"":'~'::'~ond~'::,-:~:-.c·::,: ;:~=~":,~.~~::= dtt<l~upont'.trutmoti ... ion>. Foucoult _ ' COJIf_ manual:"Eumino . . , .uJ'Ollr'bouP",~_d)"WspcU,

~=alw=.·!:;~'l<.:;~n:~J'OIII"~'= Iinally,oo"",thinklhatinoo""';'i",ondpcrilowornoner .. !hir.lh<r<ir .. )'trun,'riYiolorimiprilic.mt ,"~F~'now

=~;:~:~==,~b::=U",,:~':,~ !leldofr-',.wlbchwooldootbtolllhatr<'llWubIo .. ~,...mabo"'l<ClIr'<>me<l ... ar. to JUclo'"""""",,'

=~=0.i~~~;:nc:~==~..:.~ of~ond_.When<veritir o _ionofmo,,·

~~~:'~:~~::o ~~,~~: ;,"!:w~':'~.i~~";,;i ~~~=.ult~f~ Fi"<ud'.<laimtobaY<<Iaboratod.oci<nc<oftll'OUbj<dootbt rno<lelof"""""fulorpnicm<dicin<b,u,,,'m'ond"'_"

~~,~~~;oo~~_d<m<-::-::~=::= moll'uncrioninil:."Theootimof'='morI< itpossibktoJlOOll

-""".in ... rtiroo::ialWlity._ ............. 1IioIop:aI f_.<XJn<Iutu._·_.ODdpleaures.and~ .... bItd

=='~=:-thot"'~~~:';:·: whio:hthio~aw<aIoio._~_·'CouooIiI, ......... bjea ..... __ ' of .... oubjea •... \httnowl<dt<htMlds""bcknowntohim. aIIlhi>f""nd .. _oniIy lO......".iudf .. thed~ofl<>.NoI._.b)".....,. Of .......... U<OIl>rOI><rty .. _ ..... iutlf ...... b)"virt""of .... tKtio:sof __ ..... _ ... "

A lUstor)'of"""faAonalpn<IKeo .... bi .. and .. plainothe

:::..:=:..:.:...~=~= ........... uoymptorm.htaIIh........ldcansistinoonst .. lI}' ..... ~t""~_IO .. <it""'lO .. iof)-<"""' ....... ;..

=~~:r:a."'=~=.~""'_~ <l<V<rcomplctethe ... kofputtirq;ourooael_uafityinto _.··W,"""vin«ound ... u.._I'10 .. "....,oaid<llOUlh "" .... oubJ<ct.thaI.u" ..... merua"' ... _ • ..,,""'" _from""'""""" .... _ .. ....-.c..andtlW ....... ~..-

~=O~~,."'·IOtha! .... m .... always"an""'onc<.tpin

In """"""lO<hdinrrilAbkim_.Fmodian<hco<yod. __ ......... in principIe ........ mninabl<analysioof"""·. _.f ... taAa.andduamoondJOcontri ....... 'o, ... pracli«s

:'-~~~~=n:~f==,~::!:'; u..allIUoO<tiomand ...... IUoI!loo.ch .... ....,. .... ofijf.do __ .from ...... ocicnoo .... """""IOb<_.htallhy.

and prOd .... i ... A=lrdina'o Foucault. lhi>endIossodf· anaIyoio, in __ IUbJ<ct~u',,:IIO ..... tlO .. to""'k< ~""=:"Orupoa""'and_."" __

W,ho.V<iCClllhat.OCOOfdinJltOw..onti.ol~, .. m. diooWllcanromt,throuah • ..n.. ofhl>toricalaccidmt.,to ha" .<me-dim<ft<ion.al , ~under>tand"'ofr<alily, 1n which<Ver)'oooma/ymu"rmollybom.o.to,;.ld .. tn.rthand oonfrrmhiJ')"cmoJicinto:rprclalion. ln '''milarm&M<fOllt ""'UJ<.in""pu"u~ofOOjcUi"lnJlhond<l><totllonl<!i ... of .. lbri""'IO<Ih< .,.loof,rr"""'1".l>eaIlh,ondprodoo:Miy .... _.,....,in'Ohichhwnanboiflll'canU'OWuponly .. xx· ualindi'iduab, oodlllrivio&tobc.oormaJ",bject",,,,tomu· imiz< hi> human potOlltial LatcrFO\JCOuJ"hwr<join,t"'ohomo"r~6ofM_a/

m..,.._Piydook>p. Th< .... OmaI<I""""laIienatioioin"'" socittyiooot'<pr<S<ion and<XClu>ioo ol ' '''trlllhbucrod><rtho coruIiI"'ionoftboind;oo .. l .. bject .. t"'~"""Or,,",h<IIos>('.""" .. ,, _ Wo>tert>u_or>dincol.-..lityinOO..,. """,,,ofoun<i= -..-b<tbe:rth<ybopoculloociontiflCor,';"m· 'iaJ,"M .. h ... "laOOnwithhimoellm<lina"",rm .. ,hatlornJ ofaliorWion thattum.hirnintoHom<)I"Y<'IwkJ,"""(P. ,~)

AUlonmofl")'<horbcrap:,-can Ol b<»I"",-id,onIyioolalodand IOmpo<Iry""',.,..··A.manil ...... ionsofour...rydaycullunil p ... "ioet.aDl")'Chothefapia"",~in<Iivi<tualOf<'bl<m>_

""""'''''''''l''fl'Ioimalai>< J"" .. inM""alm""'Qndl")'CIwIou~ysit .. a>

l«n"IDDrC~'honai"<lllialon&Ir>i>.",1ata""""'"k"iUf"""""hit<>i'iq",,""Fmo.!. Th<~"'ion'" 'h<""bio<l .. th<lcICusof ~ Oo<p'rulh. <l><dtmand lorronleo.

:::==:,'::"":'.::~:;..~==:: porWIlosp«t,ol thoirp<n<>nalityand lhat, for<nrnj>l<.whcn ""'· .... ion>.,-.xll-<l<f ....... itrnokC> ""II<IOICdt.d:p 'o

~..::::w";;:~:; .. ~~:::~,':.on"'fo'~~ rmw-... th<mOofM'~'alllIn=_,.,?<-I"'I"V; " What ... j""bcmtaid;'ootinl<ndod ., ... ~oriti<#mM .. y ..

=,,~!:.':=:,"{,,~;.=~ tionbel ..... ~ord .......... ord.dUequilibrium lO rundamonul!(hM<heyrawlettdva>n .. ,.n""P1'OIl<8lI~

~~,~:;;:"'1: ... "{::=:(= unioquoIydant<r""",.~'olo'erFOUCI.u/I. io thal ... ,· __ ""' il OOI"""f"""' ,o.paiodor,I>crapy~·lomdcalinti

wilh.spetiflcprobl<m . tnsu.I.po~ ... _or 'h<po)<b<cIoinulh< .... horioy'o ...... ' ..... ifoncilto_ ordmnoin.motu .. ondh<alollyhurnonbciJq,.,dmu... ... ,·

~-~~~:~~~ =-~"":'!.""of~IIvn.o...:..ofhwnan ... ..,..1O

Utc FOU<:IuH ' h ... ~",y<i'IoonaI)'SiI .. .. ~ ~pocudoocimce-onollqod"'ocianif",lh<oryofnor· """fUn<lioOIinf; •• hidojust;f ... . '~ai"""' lOti_ fJQm ....... PfJOS'dcauW<ll<etsof.....,.......:l_l>¥rtofow

::::,:..~~~~~.!": ......,,_on«, andrnii/ll...u.iUbe._.bIolOhim

Buo_conFOU<:IuH"""vincc .. ofhio~Why<m"_ 'hin~ -i_ . .. <r<Mur<> 01 O<r, .... ~ .... 001 lorced '0

:!*,~:!,~:!~r.!:.~,..."::= ::",:"~:,,,~-:.'='=::.:,~-:...~,,: '~~'" -' thai FOU<:IuH""""'-.d<nytt.::,,,,,h of ~ilh<_aU..nou.tMlI_ ... h<ofleo _tooo.but, .... .......Jdbe . PyrrbiocYi<:tor)o. y .. """"h<hM pon<od' .... """"'O"':"can .... tt.:: ' ''''h.l>owcanh<d<ny

truthl0&ny""'*l.tl<sci<r.c<<X<<P'by<nterina.lonimdm. oond"~ .. <mpirical-"«7Th<t<;'onIyont"'''''' ... y.on<Iin M""",,,,,,bl'oucou~," • .,it:Th<aistcntial'hcnpisI_

:':~:i~fI<:;U~:~!~':'':':r':'':;~~ andth<rl ... k<'o~<th<~ofb<inalhat~ I>1«with'hildistmo.Similarly.Fo>.>caUItoo..""' ..... "'prow ,Ilo, our=ualirtt<f)l< .... ionofour><l....,,,atbot'om.1OCiaI """'noction ......... "'"""~hj"""'"

,h<yn:!"=~':::::::f~;~O;;:=.~": ..... -nbo", ... <I<vdopoQourpr<><ntIWTOWYicw.Thu .. k>IJov,""Nict<><h<. F"",,""I'=~;"_k ... ~.writ·

~:';=:;;h-:~.:;:.n=~jn';'~= of,h< ""' .... FoucaLlltoo.."""hiru:.onyn><>r<llwlNict"""" did.,hatM.dlrma.1oJ:ywillprovid<&nimt.n'cur<.cnabIinI

:=~~<>u~~~i;~:7'::=':;: m.oflUl;'yb)'I<ttm.", ... bow ... so< wh<reW<lf<md,fI< _"'"."CUfT<T"o""", .. &ndlrq;.Wit ...... , ......... ""''''

==:,,~~=:!f:at:~O:= of .. bo _ .... mdit =oomitiH""o~io= .. iIlo1i...,inow cW,ur<,hot hov<not bccntaUn ""into Ill< rrianinI WIder·

:r=~~h~~.:::':::':kO:fl~-= .. procticincl~ '~""lh<",""""",of_r· H< ;. tryinal0 hiiloriciz •• oru;IwbelpdUsol ........ _.nor =::;y::f~v;.,.~""':;):'O;:::::::~,~ hU/IWI..tf'lWcouIdw< upC\lI""(Iy~pr><tic<o. lh",open;n"upourworklratbu,lwtshU"in& iloo..n."

"","",WtponphrM<san<lp<ftU<llably_withNiaz:ocb< _ ... 1Oj'I: .. H ... orical ...... ""'m<n in conunon with

=.,~hanp/lilooDph1 ... 1"'Wi>I<>h<oome.cura';..,

,._-... ""'""''''''''-ql ... ..-,. ,._" .. u_ .. • __ ... ""_~_. "' . . ... _, .... y ... _-.._ .. . . " •. -.. ... __ ..., •• n,_ <Ii_,_"" ........ _ .. __ .""<1><./_ . .... _ H_'_y"'.:,_., ... , 1,_-.-_ .. _,-""" ................. · _ .. Fr_.JO$.O,. __ .w ..... , ............. _ .... ,,-. ). __ .......... -... .. "_,_,_U .. --.. -. ...,-,: - ......... _ .. _ .. _-_~r .... :H __ ...... _' ., ..... - .. ---_ ..... _ .. "-'--',_f_,'·r .... '_ ... _,~....,~ •. , .... ..... -.. ....... -.. ... _...- .. u._-.>I '--."" ..... _ .. __ .. -...-...... ... ,--.... _ ..... ,,,,. ......... _ .. _-.. , .... __ .. _ ..... '"' ..... -.-', .... , . .. _ .. _ .. _ .. , ... -......... ,_, .. r __ ,·· ... .. __ .. _ ...,,'_ ... . ____ f __ .. _. --, ... . _ ... ;" ...... __ ., .......... ,. _ .... _" ... , .......... __ .. ' .. '.0;" ... _"""_

... --.. -------- ... -:- ~".--_., .. _.,,--......... . _', ..... -

...... ___ .... ___ .1loO _ ........... .;0...,._ .. __ ', .. _ .. . _ .. __ , .. __ 01_"" ..... 1"_ .

.. ""-----_ .. - ... _.UO-_ ..... ..-._w_·.u~ ..... ,·fm-...... (p"'"'.- .. _ .... JI ,· ....... _. ___ 1"l"'~_·b\'_""- ... """ ... _,, __ ,... fN<w,'""' ......... _ ...... •. ' ............... _01 ..... "' ...... _ ... _ .. _ .... 110_ .... .. " ••• " ..... ",..,.,."', ........ , .. .... ""' .............. . , ...... -.. " .............. ___ ,"" ... _ ....... ... ""' -'--"--P"- '-'-~"'--_ .. _ ... __ ...... .. , .. ""' ......... -..... .. _ ... _ ..... """',---_ .. -._ .. _. ~.I1l ...... ,..,_ ' ...... __ ...... _ .. ··.....- ' .. ..-_01''' .... __ .... _ ........ --.. ____ .. _"' .... _ ··' • . Il). ., __ ...... '-~'L·_ .. .. _ ... _. _ _ ... _ ,r . ..... ''''''', "'-_ ''-. "" A_"' '' .. _.''-. A.M ___ 1_',"",,,,,,,,, __ ,_ ••. '" ",--.---.. ""-"'''''-~...... _ ,,....v ... , P_>9f7l . •. 110 "._. __ r_._.' ...... f .... _ ..

'''' __ 0_· _ .. ,_ , ... ~.o...,-I ... _ .......

~_." A C_ .. "'_ ' ''' '' __ ,.... ''~

MIT ...... ' ... _. , •. _ ..... """' ..... __ .,.,J<I .... ,'''"-, ''" '''-,.,_ ._.""~"'~,,....v ... 'V_."'H " . ... _~ ......... _ .... ' 'TOt ........ _ 1'i<-

, ....... .. """""~r;-_..-.,T_"-, .. -_ ...... (_ v ... ,_ ...... Iml; __ ..... _"""_(1m). , ... -."""""''''' .... ~ .. ''' ., . ........ m . ' •. '001 .... »< '".'001 .. ... '" »'-. "" """'_ .. ' ",_ .... -., ....... , .... _ ... '_ ... _ ...... " . ___ ,._<>J_(r.-b

- ........... P ... ..." , ... ,""

ZLOoot-...-. __ ._._ ... ,_""', ..... -,-_ .. .,.. .. _-_ .... , .. __ .. %1 ............ _ ..... ,"" ........ _""_ •• - .... """'--.. __ .. ,._ ... .. _ ............

_100 .............. 0;, ...... .01(.'1_·_'*1' 1$)·,.,. >0.-.-_ .. - ... ". lO. IIOI .• p.Il. " ............ --.. _ ......... ,........_ ...... "'_. __ "_ . .. 17

~. n,;o" .. " )0.'''' .... '''' ll-II>III .... 'O'! n . ........ ,01

". __ ._ ... _IJ ·A,.~1P.ri . .... _ .......... --~..-.- ,- I-y .. · __ ~ .... I-... _. _ _ r_ . .. '''' J,. _ _. . _ _ __ ............... _ ..... _ -"""""-"(--,,-... .., .. n.._'_".", __ .. __ a-.... ... ... _."",a...<1~ •. ", ".- -.""'-'<I""~(- Y""""'--"

,.,,~ ... "-"._,""'''-.<1'' __ .•. » .01.II>1II .... ,. . ....... <-..~- .. --"--'*"'.-, ....... __ ><,J ,_Yo •• ,l"fIo __ ,""~ ..... _'.· ...... _c-. .... T_ ... .. "'" ~_c--.T_ ..... ~_ ....... "_y ... , .... ... & .... 19711; __ .. ~ __ .. _( .... )

"'. __ <l_.Vd."A,,,,,,,*"_u_.'-' _(_T ... , __ .,07tl.P." "' "",,, •. n "' ......... ... ... -.... , ..

........... "'-

lI.f" ... __ off.,.",.... ·'_ ... """."" ........ .... . _. M_F_.·_ SJ~ __ lnd .... ~'''_of Ckoo<> '''_ '''') 'l. __ .·· ..... _ . """""""' .... H.....,. .. · .. _.., _ ' '--.C--.II __ .... PN<tiu .. _E.Dooo"_,.,..... ......... D . • . _(Cond.-.. '''''-' LJT7I. • . ' ...

Introduction

Two~I·'''''nllh<m'''l,e,,,Und<o-''''"'«Iftd ;,_,, .. _ <pr.J<ol;II_ ...... p")'<~>ldoonIti.llTho< .. I>!_" .. """d<l ... b<'_.th<,><t1ot ..... t1.Ipath<>Ioc~ .... tho .. of Of-",po'hoIoil'lAll I"'),<hopalholot;ies .. ,orclorodoe«><din,

:'':h><=::=~~''=':~hoIo..t''::':=';r= =::,:,ps~=,;;:~~;"'th< ..... =: "'.,"Y",,"'I' ...... "'m'mll ;' 1 of ol'. <',";"""". I>...,. 1"';,"~K., .... pr.o."' d..,d;";""';.", .... _"""""'" .... palholoiicol. A';m;~ d;'i.looi."'b<IOUIId i.""JtU' debo"

""'-"I"'J"'""*""".I, .... ""''''''1''"",1" 'i'.<><ar<h IOfOO "' .... I< • ..,IoJ.>'.do';"' f"""!hed;"" .... ,o1~l"'oI1'1 •. w.h;" ' 1p1til;'ic<'ioIoc1, . od'ho llW";' ai l"'),<IIo>Iop<oI ' .... lrty.OIl .... bo .. ' oIdi""cIon bo'OIa oo"'-"''''''i>.,..hio:h ,. .. <l<fioe<l .. ,I>e"nd al .... ~<h«"''''1 .. 'hoh)'>lefi<oI

·~"::prob!e""h ... ..... di~ .. eolt<l .. _am .• nd;'...."wd

""qui"' ... "'It.. "'l"o'"""""''''''''' .... _'''' ''' ,.J,l<hll>ey 1\a".. , ; ... ' ; ... B .. """mil"' .. t _ ll l'belho, ""'Jis' ....

_..,.lJ'riatf"""lIIefacldoal ... Ji .................... ., .... _dilf_ .• _._~;. ........ po'hoIoiY

ondio_icpal!!ojoa,lfi' ........ 104~fi<uI'k><Ic(ioepoy-<hoIoJi<o!ill"" .. ond ..... IlI ... lhi • ..,.boo ........... "" •• i • • aitI.,.",.y., ................. _'thot .. < .... inl<..t<df .. __ ioe1Doo • ..,. .... dM"'''''y illfill<b ...... yi.

Of$Micdisfurbono:< ...... penooaIilycMq .. ,ioill .... fact""" 'hoy .. presum04lOposoeso'ho ...... typedJlN<:tllre1Be)'<'OOd _,",podIolol)'ond"l",,",po""""'n·Ihtr<~ ..... ,aI. -.a podIoIol)'''''''_ ........... _.impo&iII."" , ..... . likcoo .... y .... judioes, .......... <OIIUJ'IS""' .. yiq_.f'" ' ... m.li.< ... """'y_"'*'.lho ..... ...-.. I_IdIi.<1O """w""" .... _ot_alpodIoI<>ay ..... , ... ""'JN""'in..,... =..: .. :-=~~~=:..,~hi-.Jly

_ ....... bri<lO<COWI,is<aIl<dlot.bodIk>tto<all _ , ...

~=::.:=~~=;:.::':!:::

Mental Medicine And Organic Medicine

;':'!rn<'al pa!~k>sY 'don""" "'-I "''''''!oped"""",,,,,,

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~ ... caIl.i.tlI<""",i>WoI)'_the11u .. _ff<lOll ~.the';IIW.:a .. u"tyol __ • __

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:j~.:.of madno" , . ... "' .. illn ... .... <U\tIOIbe_ .... y

Thi. W<>tt me. ........ " ""''' q'''''ti«to .. i"' .. " p-"

1,Thy<..,.,.iul Dim< .. iom of M."tol Ill .... llr.Y<~y ... F""'oIC;.;l;'"""'"

, . ~.'""--.. ".'" 1. "".,",, __ ,,_

......... -...... --. <.-,-<_M."_('_) . . .. . _."'--__ ~M. ___ " . ")

r...-_ ..... a-,"'_.·""""_ .. ".,· v .... ' .... ·r '.GoIdMoOo._._ ... ,,_ ...................... 10_.

PAR T I

The Psychological Dimensions

of Mental Illness

2 Menial Illness And Evolution

Wheo .... io.".,(n>nO«Ib7.~'"'k p'be .. ,OII<'.'i ... impr< .. .... isof .. .......u,oY<no'II<' ..... dd;.,;, ..... h""_;O"; tho IMb;I;,yof."""'" .......... jo<1 .. "' .... o>llI •• i.-.. , .... .... 1JIO«.tho ......... of ..... -,. ..... _I~o<cw;" .... ... "" .... ,lIIeim~bi~lJottoinl:b<yond",._'i . .. 1Ii<II

:::~~~:I;:.:..-:::.."":~~;:~ illn< .... _ot_esoe<If ....... o:tho po'ie .. · • .x.oo:iou.· ..... isdirOOoDIOd.ot>ocured>~.h ...... t<d,B .. , ...... ...... tim<,lIIiIf __ iofilblb,. ... hirlold,...-,. __ ""' .... _,ll<d .... _ ....... .,...,by "'"

dWpp<oIaa«ot_formsot ... "" .... :IIlI' .......... i'n.<OIII!. polsiooo .. """' ........ ( .... poei .. "rq>lie, .. _liooKby«..,. Uo&Iho~_;._ .. t>o""".""'._nl, .. """hoIf,..y . .... ""'IWI-«m>fII-d ..... "'io .. peart<I;..s"r .. ildy),,,,. . .. ,,. . ....... ruapiovoda ...... rire .. preui .. domainot ...... bjoct •

... ho .......... """'rh~_"'.di""""'""l«Idialop<."'i'_ =~; ........ «rtalo_.in .... '~

-.."""""""'oh><ald.""' ..... od.''''''''' ... ,;",''' .... ·

ly.impl, .", oI.oppn:!>«IfuocUoos; "",.to.i illn< .. ;, tIOIoaIy a _oI""""'.,'"" ..... .... 'u.....,.'.,dth'."''''''' !U/IC1ioo.''' ' """""arioo 01 ",;. .. _t*,.I,y. I. "" .... "octdl.;. .... . • i .. _otlIUry p.ycholoiYlIIvile<l'h;.p""ly ...... "" d<...nptiOll ollD<1ltaliU .. ,,,ano:tth<,,,miololYoieacltw ••• &SjI

" .,,,, ... oo.,ti.i'I;"'~to de><.;t>;"I""op<i""" .'m'_''''i11I. i.th<uooolom""'i ... t .. """'.".,.......". ondindoalper· ""'lIli' .... d<ta i1inl th<·y·""'.,,· 'lwhoJ_ impooJibk.l. tac' ...... talm .. "eff..,. •. bW " IIl"' • .,plwi ... ,"" ""''''''' hMoI.K'"PI'f<'o!'< •• bW""""''''''''.i1ac".:r,,,,,, .. ,,tbe.-..ccoi _.taliU ..... I;",_""I,i"""'vcid"'''~IooII.".ou' .bu'.loo ;.~~=.i.,pI<m ..... ""ho"rivi' ... nl<qtlO« ... D1tbo1fil1

Whatdialoct", " illtaleOCOOWl, botboi ,ho"poo;,i .. r..".ano:t

~~~Uf:::~:;~;y'~i:~:~"':,,"~ peated ;. COO\St ......... ', .. ""i .. ~"'.,...j;""""'.ill"""" ,H>Aalopeni"", i"playor","n,.,i""ioomeond>pO«.,h< .... ioo 01 tho "j[J'!Ia!.oopt,ano:toolets 'ho<"""W';O" •. _

><f"<4.od>«<"""tedbcho'·ior.""""''''''''' ... ..r. i· ... ,'',,,,, .. Y w.!.impJc; "h"w<...,"ali", with~""'di""";'te.loi<""," • .... 'If<fr=lin.ltj'itol_lillcoh ... oc',The''''''p' ... Y'''''''oi. ofdi.lopcb.,bte.,<pI",edbyfrqlD<lltar}'III<>!IOiop<,tbe 'Y" ... through"""'h""""i"lli,<""otilUte.lisMoi<'.,"""UIlw ""vi .... ;..roIi<cti""oI,..-boId,,,,,,, .... "'t oi whi<ltemor ..

... '"~ •. poIl"""'Ph"'.''''''I<",. .. i"''' ....... "'''''''''l''''aI

~~:=:!:::::;:.~ .. ~:~.:~ The pooili""""rtOm< .. oItbeill ....... oppo<t>d.,''"'neJ''ti'''' """""""' .... ......... 1< .. ""'","'1' .. "

Butlll .... ' ... ..-"'tbe"""fIbI •. SpalioIt:mpo .. I'l"'Ih<I< •• i""'""bje<tivcbeha>ior .",luoWylll",.'",",,'i'y. ·"""""''')Y compromUod by P'><"""""" " f,eque" "'Io<p . .. mrf..., .. ,"W,boo. ,«.""",",),,,,,dr<am.Thobch .. iorO«<1l'ual<dby

lIIoilla<u_ ..... POr<hoIot;ic1oI_ylo<k ........... p-pt-.-.I ............. TbepoOlIoIoP:alproceso.UU"" ....... _ ._p/oeD<IIneDo ... _ .... O<Il,' .. _!aI>iIe

LoooII ..... ~oI',-""""f_ ... ""...., "'''''''''''''''' Il10''''_''''_01' u.;';";w."""poinlthoo, .. '""'l' __ bylqooeot;o.i''''Joep:poooiblt'",hiM ",can ..... lyrepe.l' .... ,.,'-..;,oIhi. __ .", .. "..'" _IOpori"""._."" .. iati .. ;,i.......d""" ......

=.1.::':.",:,,':;::::':~~"7=i~:~ ._."" .. ...,.''''''''_b,.mplwll ... ri .. pI< ...... Io.'''''''

puIsi .. , .... -B .. "'i. di!'..-....ce .. "n"' ..... Io.<lisd~i<ot«!by . dil'«

..,. • • _ .. I<veI. Tbeprecmiooo..,."'"-'ri .. reo<tiou.

1IIo-.., .... "",....,ond_""''''"'' ...... oI ........

~.;~!'::==:.;..'7~=:'.7.:. kOod"""Ji ... <hi'dmo· • .--do:H .... ,..,.i<oiat"y,,:, .. _"""'_,.." .. '""'''''''''''''' ... 111<,...._.01_ 1op<o ."".iq""~.«""r<p<tition._~'r<HIIl look 0I-xn-.,"'_<t;oio<ri<oIqo<>lioroond ........ " .. plwoboy"'spoo""""""'oIcoon1_.di<hoac....ioola<ed bd ... ior ... ..,..,hlf\O«iofr ...... ledondDlOlllC1l" ... _· p<Dd<qI-ol' thoo<p/I<nom< .. """ ... """""",OO"..lIoIoJi<oI

~iII\O.:!"=·"""''''<-d<O;, .... ·"F<' If. ""rdOfC.in •• inp,""' ...... '.""ill .... produ<apositi ..

~.::;.:=-;:.~~::=':~=.': oI;-u...roo.,,, "",.;,;rion • • ro<Iiooovu. rom.. 01_ .... thoo t.ov<---..II,b<o<o .. lJ'*II<d. Tbeill"",.io, .. proce .. tbtou, __ .... "",b"'.voh.ioo io ......... I<d. """"" .... .

/i .... in'"' __ .;'"!""" ..... """''''''' .. '''''''' ....... " .. :,,'::'~;~~"':=i~.:.:.:.':::.'."'~~::'!:.',;.::

bldldl~ "IhiIOfIb"fO<\JIIY: ...... i'inlb.abourdilyol""_ .lo!ii<IhoI_""'''loow_I<>'''I'l:ili>'' ........ lo!i''' .. op<nte.in"""",,'evol""""' . Th<Hlne<,i''''."<>><n«''''''''' .... ,~,i'i ........ h .. I1 . ""';".,,;"'<rtt<!~;'hc ... "'al ~;'''''Jof'''' ;II ............. I)'''fIo''!>a<k .. ''''''hc' ...... 'of thc"'on.I h;""')oIthcl>eallb~", .... "". B .. ; .Ibis ~lofi< eoch;ll .... w;II .... ;.~'O ... "p/lyOOfoornY:eoch_apIIical .,.'Iy "iU fi""i"plac< , andl"ooote .. willbe<l</inedb~'hcpoiD< >twhi<b,b<"""'otdi."",io'ionilOp<:the_otdUfmn< .. ot """'"""""'-=n;II .. ,.., • .hooldb<"J'Io«dt.y ....... ""'bo>«! ""rhede"""oIdept/loItlled<"" .... 'ion,andlb< ..... , .. of .. ill"'''mi&hObedefinoo:Jby,hcl<,,'otwhi<ll ttooproc< .. of ",~.K>nil >l>biliu4 .

.. , •• ""' y ...... ')' ."iOHlJo<k<o., ........... ...,.t.;dO/f""' ... of """""'l<ssoftllehiJbe"«<'btal""""""'.'y_)"'OO".'~.of thc hi£!><s'l< .... ,oI . "oI .. iooollhe""'I>r>l"'b-.ysltln ... , .api. ')'IIOOymou,ly. of,hc ... _i<., .. b<tt"., orthep/lylicaJbaJi •• of""""'"'"""" ...... lne"<'y;n .... lymDr<o"e .. otthehilhnl

=b<'::n;:;,.,;'lo!i~of :=~";' ~"";:~~'::=':k 1<nde4<Oli"<ri£b,ofpi.o«lOe"<'lutioni.minn<o","""'PI),<hopot/><>Ioo . S"""'tb<,,_"t«--.. ( '81').ith»noioqa........... ibI< .. ""'i'tb<, ...... ;"" .. p"'.ofill"' .. :noiu'ion;,

;;~ ;~, d;""osiool":l''''hi<h"""'';''",,,'''''''1he

•• ~,~f=.of:::::::..~".~~:~:~:t: devclopmoot.ofil>"""" .. i .... fi .. 'ims, .... mblel.'oIl.chooof tb< pod>oIoJ."II"' .. ",mt;"'of,b<i";i.io:tual , ""Ol)'p<of '"''''''';.:..,-.''''''., . IHOdi ........ of .... oIuoion . ,.,.; !'IY<oouwj"I;,beli< ... tb.alileo .... " .. . !'Iydloloc'oItllecllild b)''''f)'inl'''''.~oIth<I'l ... '

I . Th<IirnOOP;"0bc""'IMbytll<ohildi.food,andtll<fi",

iasIru_of~i.""OIOuIII--c"'pIw<ofbu«"..-oripj .... : thio;. ........ pIw<oIquw·bioIotic .. _~- w ... .... _ ... ,. ;. ,,_ .. ~~<M ... ~ClU .. lI><ph)'>iolo&i·

' .. drl;.,i ....... ,U<lb,-Sp;u' oo .... _.oI<"',iloe<l1>ylol_ a.. ... """"'I"'ri'ic .. 'y""...,...oI_ •• " •. 'Iol ... . Sk _yella> .... _iII ..... )'liaf·_. _"'!IIw<lli<1O ... hom,li ... ion""""-...,Of<hoic....,..oIoI< .. Iopme<M1Ioo! bn:>uP ... ;"~ •• _oIlkb<p/I",.ic ... porinw,",,~ .... 1Ubj<a~w.!i ....... ;o...r,dill_ .... _ .... oIbi< I_body

2. Wi"' ... lIUnl""" ........ lopmeotoflhomuoo:uran....' ... c1UldOfP/Iize • • """" • • ,.tem01 OU"' .. i .. deI .... """owt., 'hef;,.,_oIind<p<,.,.nce. Bu';' ;. oIlO ....... .. ,.hi<~ d;.,,~ ...... joo- .... ' .... 'f>IIio<I<' .. di.<ip'iIIo----..r' ~""""'hi'd,"""""",,*IIim ....... oIpor<""' __ ' ;" i"leJIf"w .. 'OfIII. Ambi .. le""' iI <SIabihlled ......... 1Il di-...ionoiaffomvi",' ... ombi ... n«oIfood .... hich ... iafie • .,."IO .... oI<.lWtho,_oI<_]$ ~b,- .... "",<Bi .. "'rionoi

~':':..":',;,':::.~=~.:h:.: :ti-::::7~~': _imoo"",mined ""' ..... """".JOIDOIime.f_."", puoilllcd. hi.dur .... thi. pIw<'ho'"h .. MelIIlieKIe .. ' .. ' . .... ·fIOO<Iobjoru··""' ...... tr.I<>IIjo< .. •• ...... o!oIiIIIcd;buI ....

laIo·'ombiJIIi"oI ...... objo<u""_yet!>« ....... ""'.""' .... r ......... thioperioddeo<ribo<lbyfm>ol ........ ""'·oao:Ii"i< ..... ··,,, ... IIi"' ..... _.ioNI .ysoIromeo : Iho.-'l<Ii<IO<)o .~of_.oIqursr~.oI_',i_Ioi ..... ,o< .... """'p<_b~lho,;pol~ ... :pm<_ion. apiM' _ .. If ...... ,.di_.bullIlw". __ :, ... oIWetIi<

01...,. ""' ... iII;.,...... """,pli<i,,-,..r1llll. in whid> ....

~ R<~~"':..~!' =::J:.:,,"'::::::~_., 0/ """' ... o/oquiliMu",. ""' ...... _oitiooO/ .. lfi.' ... _ ...... perieoccol _ · . ..... bodyi. «>CllIiIlMCl. Arr""'i.i"

_~ ... "",jo<_""alf_iooof ... oIem.ood r ... «!tp>I' .. iII .. '"":...,;stismt>ecom<> . __ of ... ..r.,. __ • ..... body.pri.ilqed ... ualotoi«'. "",brtaOillIIoi. _i«imt~ __ ""OiIy<kli<""boIaR« ... <Ottb<

.... in, .... .";.'yof<ltMf<ofoccd ..... h' ... _ ... .,,.,...,.;..oI ~_. J' i.iodld ... iou. _of«lfll"l'Ulexperi • ............ lty>I<rioeof.yttdrome""""" tIo<.t.pIio ..... otdiot bodyMd ""' ~""iooof ... aII<r<JO iro .. hi<b .... oobjo<lruds .... m_hi._,..".hi.ww... ..... hd,. ........ ot..-""' __ di_llim iltadvuc<: ""'bysoeri< ..

f....-dw ........ ' f ........ ~ •• peti<o«ofdiotbody _"' ...... ylOd<l< ....... :' ... phobi< .... ;."b<fore ot>ioct>..-phoo_ ........... b<Ii<.....J..,. .... p<tIi<aroo b< ......., .. ""' _,.,ryofhdbody(Ft<od ...... yud .... oIlhi' :~c!::::i~W-oldbol-fWot_"""""aIod

4,Yl8OlJy ... diot.odot.lliklllood ....... ot>jo<I .. boi« .. \okes pIoo:-.o.-""' ..... in""' ... , ... h.-...rfi ......... _Ui< .. ioo ... itb ' ... por .. "of .............. l1 .. ;,,~oo lhi. dif~. MdOO ........ """"'"ot_ .. • ... ~l·_ the_· ... i_""" .... ambjV&lenc<ofinf ... il<allocti.ioy, .. ""'p<riod.~i.>IiII.i.O/foct.fi._in._otjeoloolo,.

=~~.;:~=~~ .. .:=:i~=.:...":""'.-.wt;"..:.: it bruk. -. i ... ... ;." b<fore. f'- ... _ 1Ii .......... ' ri.oIry __ ..... """ .... _oInit<f"'idonrifio<Joioo

n.;,~, .. "'< __ o..t;l"""""'pl ... i .... i<. P<ao<l...,i< .... ""' ... ooWcIreocIdiot ... _oI .... """thel.ylOudosli.y.ilt ... bio:b_m ... fiodthe"""' ..... ""'herui .. maJyoioof .... -'1.,. . .. ~..,. .... <hild i.b~ "' ........ ,.;rbhi.l*< ... _""'poil" .. ... hi< ..... , ......... b<umoflw«l ID_ •• '<t)'Ubiclinal ..... io. _tiII~i< .........

...... N.,,,,,,,i.i • • • _are''->lDl101, ... fi_ J"",". ""' ...... ""' ... J .. k>onion ........ bootf""" ._ ......

i< .. qIe. Tho f .. J-o/f;" P<r<IH>k>Ii<aI .... ,p "",.""_,iles

iII ..... """Idmat.tbc"""'{llcxbeluo."'~ .. tbc""""''' oocUol"'oI_ j.",.,.._MdteVNl,Iik<.~tide.primi.

~ .. ootioI_''''.''''''''''po<&<>cial«><l_ ,.!r;~=~~':;:;::~';:"~~Jf:;; _.;.".18ui<o1Jy.beIuo.j"'illw'oich.VU1i<ofOllof)'lion:veab

:"~f'!:;~:;:=:":'~7., _ .... ".....,.io_. 8 .. .. tbc • .., __ iol,.u.li •

... lliIf"'_'. quony.OfO<fUaily t ill.idf .... oaimol.IO .. Uooeself _"""iskilliq."'"'_is .. p""oiI,Ih .. """is ly ..... " ..... or<Ia, laIer.IOb<_ .. ~"""· • •• p_IOOIh<n' OOt.o.. .imul-..lytbcreolboho';""oftbchoa,ondtbcpol<DrioI bdM';""oftbc_ I •• <IooWc""",,",",,ondaflho>uP_ mHI}'.illlplu, iof""' ..... """'pli< __ .i ...... "' .... """"',iI is 'IIo _"'''tbcl'''''''''','''"''''''oI ... _oI_ ..... ;. whiclllll< ptU<II'~ond .... .-.... IhlltbisO<fioo"ill ba .... f ...... , tbot_ ... ;U ..... boablo .. .-il .. . .,.., ..... , .... ~ __ """'h<r.art ... lhod ... «her. Th<

di/f1<\ll1Y oI .. ""'ioa""'ybo_,_ ... ,lI)' ....... _ of.-..,.fotlDlof_ • .,..Ihll ... idtpl;N ........ ~yo/iIs

~\aI;,tbck>rmof_viortho1conJi"'m · '"'. """"'""oo_, ... lorm w _po;>I<ntiofi1Yio ..... pon'" .......... iD .... p"'..,."To_. "'...,.....,pI). IO<peM, .. i.

:,:,:,~~"!::~=:=':;:",,,:= ::::,':'10~'"':!:~::=t:'==~:,~:~ 'hopOinool.i<w"''''honondiolr:" ... ili ... IIQ' ..... ,lba .... okJubl< .. y.wo O<tloo.( .... or<Iadwlba""ioouodl "ilh_..w _ ,tho1 ol ___ ... t iIis 10 <Uf)'U ....

f'unbennoo:e, .. issu< .. or<Iaafwaysp=upJlOl< ...... atlhll"ill pm:ei .. iI, .... .... lli.pDcetbo'.illuadomaodit.ond .... bOOy

I!W ... m OJ<OI."Ute~, in .... O<1ion 0( " ... ", ... 1<1 .. impl;e<! me poI<DIi.IIifyo(b<j"~ """y«I. 1b" rnc: .... tho'""h~ly .imp .. ..,'.,.' .. _ .. .,.O>" .. p« ......... "" .... , o(""';O'" ... ""' •• pt<><h.oI'i •• "'-' • • <eru.l.duaWylllal io f ............... y meduali!y"'b<f" ... odmolloociolb<h'IV"".If .... I"~ r.ock_., .... _ .. "'dimo:.".therd""'.~ .. _o( .... ""'""impOcariomth.l'iII..,..,.""""""" ... yil~; oIl

".' ... oo:tiomtho1OO1lt1in . revcnol(>«in""""inl ....... iII_ ...",."opeoI<;."""""'I·poI< ... Io.ml.onpaa:t'b<'i<,.;" ...... ... b</.,.ed.i ....... ion) ."dlffi<."f"" .. .,beuu .. " .. yooxur .. . """"' coo ..... A_oociol.""_ .... "''1ui'''''beI ... di..,. .. boo:omo.m<XIeo(;m.,m, .... ",lIIioo,u" .. 1DIdo poslibloOGlyby . frlmiOOofrom."",ietyirn""";loinj"hi<,._ chyol t .. morno:.'.""i<h .. thoriu<ionly"'"otd<'. "' .... ;",y;. whKh<q<lOli<)'oI,.io<iommad<"""'ibi<ODd ........... poIOII .... • "' .... "'. l!OeJily"' .... pw.I .... p"'m<n<o(tbeh>lrlr<. oDd .... ~y olpoiot'O(."''' . 1b<p' ... ' ''ho .. ;''''opabIeol dOIk>pe"'ar=eothrouJbthi._oociolo:.oo.rioo.

A<=r<1i ... .,i" .. ,iouon<>, . ... .,.ill"" .. ___ ot

_Ioomolhdo' ';''''''''''''i<ty;";,,.>'<IILI<ion''''''_ posliblo:ODdJUboti ... ,.f",;,ltCIWo:fotmlolbeho..,..

].!li&Iope ....... ,llP' .... f"""oI ...... oIuriooolloquqe. ;.rep!oo:edb)' . ""'oI~inwbich .... oobjoo:tteli. lIimo<lf ....... "' .. -,"';. ""Kh"'IIolds . <IiaIop< wirII .. i ........ y;",.,._"' ..... " .. 'db<iI>copobIeolbol4inJ widl .«oI_. 'iutbep>yd ... ' .... .,proI"""whoo:oWddeliY<r Ilisk>:IU,.only io f""" oI.m;".,...n-"'IOO··dif!;.w.· ·f",

:~:,~.::,~~=~.~;:'';.= tboy f .. l .... y .. bo:inl_rv<d·~oI.~ "'""" . • ..,h .. tio: •• mim.io:,,.ODdmyo""" .... oIoIi OOOU

2. By loooinf; tlIi .... bi...,.., JIOIcOriolilY 01 <lialos ...... by lfUII'" rpeeclI O<Ily by"" "' ...... tio:.id< ..... i'puxn"., .... opeoI<illll .. b;.ot ..... poti< .. looe.IDUI<" ......... ymboIi<

-'<I: ..... ......-ofwonlo . ...... ri ....... _.olI .... io .. looi .. oo.Ird<Ualiol ioo .... __ IoI. io ..,loq<t .....

sra-:lio.OJO!mId_iaJl.lequi • .-:wonIoMd .......... ... oo ......... """""""dornaUI ia_ono· ..... .. _ ._ofodlcn_.I>uI.ipif_ •• iati .. of-... _ .. ......-heboi ... distwtU&.~ : .NoIiIoio..,1oq<t

::.~;::::.::=-~~~::::=": ~:ootkpolieol·._.~ __ .IIoco •• ""

. ,mboIof"""" my..,-•• "" .. pmoioodoomolileDo ..........

... iro.y,Th<woddofpenK'll_orioeooo""""'.ido 1. TIIis_IoI._ •• _I .... cId~IO IIoII_ ....

_lObdooc_,ODdeorirelylO.poI!ooIouofboliel ... _ .... boh ..... : IIIe""'ialcriIeriooof!Mlo\··believiD. _ _ .. li ..... ) io""Ioo,..- .al\df .. lII<po<i<D<:ond .... 1Ilis wodddloOlII<_O«Idodlcnll.todep<iW<!ofolojccti .. _" iI_._woddof .ymboIo. f_ .ion.-..;.", : .... _i>._ .... _· ..... hoo ....... " .... WI<d _ _ lObolhoo ........ oo.I ... I ....... ,n....ia_podooIop:.oI pl."._ ... tk"..- .. ... 'bod"'..d.Mt_ofboli<f."' • ..... io _primib ...... had""'yell_ ... cri_of lrUlb ia lliloolidarilywilbathen.io_ boprojo<ledhi ..... ir< •• f ... iopbamtasmqoriaslbol ...... ialOfUli".lII<iOtIio""'iobIo _d_. __ .*",,~ Oo""boriWllofoll_onaIyoalh<r<_.""_.<.~· ..,_"", ... tho_ ... _"" III<I_af"')tII .... ... ydI.oo ""Jio_. af.unaio l")'<iI<>IoIi<oI"""'-< r-· ... ~bido."I ..... · . .. I")'Cbi<I"""' .. )._il...,._"" ............. GI e>oI ..... UId "bido._ .... io """""",of i,.j;ridIoaI*""ootiaI_lopmcnI. iollUbjoaN>t<Iopo<o -'_ foilboo<k.lIImoIpm .......... ..ruer ..... : ...... ydI ..... af .. ideolily_III< .... laIIymper_, .... priaUri .. ,ODd'bo <hilol-o .. )1h io..to;oh""""' ........... oho<tedtlytko/alllol

........ ;U ..... 'iodo __ aodi • ..mf"'=!;.<ht ............

iq;prcjod.,.,oIil>"",.CIjIlw<. OIIh< .. ,,,omylh,.lh<lim. bocau .. itisoo:;."ti/" ...... q<>io:k1~ohaodoned(I,omJ_ ... .. ..,kr"' .............. olbd ... ;."ond""'~ri<>oby por<lK>IoP;alfo«< , po~tsiD<"";"II~ .. joct""l>;.p. 'r<hoiot:"al""' ... oflmOlo):""oIh<,. oalh<coo!nr)'.boca .... ili. <thicol.boca ... i1ju5tdies,.,""'tllan .. plai". i •• il l .. i"'u.

Y<tth<r<i,linl<><n><inl<ltorinl ... i4<nti'I-=1l>< -""1P<"""'a1i'yof'ho:"",nrall"'1 i"",aod,ho_"....."w;~':.::::clt;Id"'<hoj>"imil;,...One Iw. <I.O;e'.;,,'oct.oI .... '"

_ futho''''''' """",,,,Ioi, oc«pto'o<Uoo·. in"'P""""'" r,IIollimq ill<tbot""'I\WI<5te<r<l>rol"'"tRl . r<in'ow

l. yen, .... a.C.D ... · Thcllr>llormoimadne ... lh<moso ho:nil n ... iII(", - ... +B'- C+D, ""ln h"".<howllole_i • ...... 0 + C+D. Thct<'m - Ai. """y ..... ",;_ "" .. tho: ..... ".,IOO, .. ddl""'''''''<ho ... liet''''' >0 ' ''*'''"OIi col"' ... ,;.,. . Il>< • . i •• imply .... boocti"""P" ...... ,but_ is_""""this .. ili"",,;e i> f'«'<i,,' y tho,u.aII<nn.Il>e_ tb .. .. ='oo, .. ,,""lttoondcomplel<"hopaoonalil)·: that i ••

~~m;::-;~:;,:~~::,~<~":~,~~;.,":::i~ w+tb<ho "",.,.1"," p<,,.,.aliti., oI<hol"imih,,,,,,,""',hildl

-O.-""'''<lldJod"""i""oodoe«ptoreorl oo.izatioaof

;:",~~.':r=~"'.:i.~,,::,,~'1'l:.':;~=::"oi .. urolopcai dis .. 1urion

0;,_..-_ .. """" .. "', .. , ...... "' .... '_ , ... ', wwlol .. ""'.N"''''' ..... Ioe,.ipIe,;.i''r< .... .,.poi ..... ~ .. ,. '''' ....,.,ari=JIitt .. ~, ... A-. . ......... " .. "'.bud • ...... n)' '''''''''_ol_di ..... ..-woo_ ... .. i~,ni' ""'I"""'t ...... ,.ed'" """',.-; ... ',"""..-y""' .. ".... .. _ ,. .. ",,,abI, .. . <ti_..,.;li_'

Thc .. , .... noq .. """'. 1f,on. ol.,.,Iuokp<t""'alin.., .. <m" ..

"""""' .... tpociI",c;,yol .... _pel'lOllWty: " .. ~ .. .....".,.0I .... p'1"""h .... "'N ...... ;,: ... :i< .. 1Ih<tIy -h ~_._ltiooooliD ... idoIi ........... )'>CJoI~ic .. ....-:aII""'~"'I";n.:IhlD r .... _oI ...... )1h<_ .. _J_""F""",~ .... pot""'f"",,"" .. . f' W<JUId...-y""qa;o. ... _ .... y.f ........ pf~"'"'" oI>iew.IhoI . .. _io ..... toIfyifl ..... -... .ctlild .,po.:bo.><. f .... . doo<ripIi~ p<Mn' oIri< ... ;,;._ .. ..,.""' ,""

=iot"':::' :,:.~: .:::.;,y",,,!."':'."%!:;,.: iIlD<u"""" .. "ond..,. .... f"""'oI_..". ..... .. noratoI,y .... ....,..R<..-ioo ....... f ........... be<ol; .. .. o..ry ........... oIeo<ri,.. .. ""I'«IJ 0I ",." ... ijf ... ..

AllNCloroIcItoctipboool.,. .... illae .... "" .. f""' ...... "' ..... ..... J .. lhepos;li .. -r .. prive.;p.IOf.OC~ .~._ h .. M)'.d<uil ...... _....rOlrU<lUt<>""' .... di .. n ...... IIno<1IucI_T'Io"""""'_ .. """ .. ,,prouo;q po<lloolop< ..... "" • ...... IIuI.iIIIpI'pfoc ... ....", ilI. pell".c.i .. ""''''''''''mate .... f"""oIin<!; ..... ' OfJO<toI .. .,....,.obKfvo4b'f"'od .....

:==:!:....~"':;:!" ... ' .... 01'''''b . d<><rip-

1,!Moquilibt ............. ........-. .... OII" .... fifsloJe .... oIt1; •• ohllioool .... poyehicfllllClioM, .... do....,. .. OIIIy"" ... _" .... ;'_01 .... POYC!ooloP<" pe,-.rdy,ondlhi,

:.E==-:·~~r~ .... =7..: 1_ 1.1*_ ..... """" .. _01_1,..,. ... .....

_"""'""' , .... ;.-..,y .. .. __ 01' .... .......

_.iotol .... pen<>MliI)' :""' ........... ,.,oodamafe .. ....

1 .. ~~;.~=~::::""' ... 01' .. !:'h:-c.::' :::ich' '''' ......,.,oIlhe«lllJ< .......... "" ........ , d"I<><io...r:p««p-

'uoJ_"""'IKC<IIo<moceol~N"~; ood ... "'i.' ........ _oI .... <OM< ..... >p/Im: .... _ "",._01 __ ,..".. .. ........"_.,.,,

io.Io<p_W._.IWIIo<.....".,. , .... """'Pi_. _~ ... i.""' ... oI:i"' ......... di.inltiboirioo01 f""'" otdrum_·

~ . l.<II< .... i<ondm<l"""hoIi<""',".di __ iarioo .. _

"'" .... i""ti .. -."«ri .. >ph<,.; .... "--'~i". 01 "'" .... ;" dtjool. """u..""'.",IK,_ol .... _t>OIi<.oI '.ar<il<U oI"",,,,,,,,""""'''''Iu,''' '''~ .. '''. _ _ ""' ... """". ___ Tlkpoo;,i"r.,.--01 ........ ilr ....

_"_paro'Y'"""''''''''''.,n'''''or _ _ ... io ..,hio:bIIK ... _;" ..... #laIf ....... ""'dHpo~ _""' ..... i< 1OIbje<1 hi. 0IIp/I0ri< qi ...... .

',L.ao>ly.i.""" •• ","",alldochizop/lr<ft;"_. 11K _rio .. riontak ...... ""mol . ... fi<~ io <apo<i".;io.""'il.OO i .... hi<h IIK_", ood , .. ",,,,,,01 mark ....... "" __

i ........ i .. "" .dHt>", <rien"rioo. "'mkinl u.<IiI .... II'*" OIIdptO<t«lli.i_dr,.,. .. '" ••. di,idBIa.,. ... ......,.,·dad :::::y"~':.:?:~ic=i~~·~':.:::;~..:.:~m: .. lI"-'..,. ... poo~i"' .i .. ,,"",_,lultuc ......... , _boi..,IK ..... ''Y· ... Uiv;(li.i,.,''''''" ... yllobleo._ ........ . all..,.i" ; ... ""P' ..... «"" .. , 11K demen<ior iM~" lik.

6. "odil il wi"' .......... i.".. fI.«ycle ot"'ilpo/!IoIoJi<oI

~;':=~"~~~~::~'::-::=i:::,:: <Ioep' .... ;,IIOIo<tI .......... yorea .. dO>i.hibil; 'IK .. i.1IO 100,.,. prnonoIity . onl,. li,inl Mini

B" ........ ,.. .. oIlhi.')l'><."""" .. Iu""""'''''''h'yol .... poIboIoJicolf .... fI;,i-xq .... "'oolO . ...rfor ''''' .. _ I.flilllOfe.l!teorl"";,,,ioo ol_ioIprnonoIit;"i.

_ .. " ...... SItU<".... ... u""' .. r<d,t.ow<_doop .... disaoIutiooI ... y ... ( .. ilbtl"'..., ... "'<1";.,,oIde ....... j ..... pon<JOo>l">'c .. """'<O<apI<l<ly~: .. u , ...... ""''''' oIIlI<pon<JOo>lilyr<d_cn~_ru .... "ed.I<rn<n"'llor tl><y ......... "b=lollspcn<dj"'''''''''an:IWo:petJ<IIIIlitin (f",IlI<", i, no".ybocl i1o .... de .. loprn<ntol tho:p<r><>n>I;,y. bur ooly in ,ho:""*";"'oIb<h.o,;""oIl",,,,,j , loftriot-.l .itopl< .. .... y .. .,. .... _ ......... ""'i' .... ..,pni ... io.llby ,.lIi<~ ... O<IYt<sIlis_: 'hefr ..... _

wotIo!thor he del<rihe. OCCOI'<Io ... ilb hi. <Ii"""'" coo><:iou .. .... ..... ti ...... _f"""" .. pos<f>OnoI""""""'.,..frioh l .............. ··pe<_ unilyolhisoono< __ hori_,ThUl.iII •• poOimI

tna)'io<,lhi. poin'of-""':c""""'t>u.u;'"n.,><i<nc<of ment.oI~<.....,.but"'.ho:"'i<D<coflh<oi<k_ oI.y

2. n., .. " ...... UIIIIy.i.describe. ,he orimo .. ;."of ,ho: ill""" .. _", ... H ... iI>poi"oforip.Hi< ... «r"",,,,,,,,, w.."'p' .. ;." . .....will ......... Id ... hle.po .... liah'ylaid _ .. ...,hillcli.idualby .... ""Ymo ...... 'ofbi •• ooI .. ;.,,' _wooldbe..,tIIOfO,han.poSIibility,Ih<._d.i_ ......,..,ofhumande.dopmm'.B ..... hyuu' ''' .... '_ .. iU._"ilIotlhi.", ..... "-",,,.whyhi. _._ho .. lhi, .. thor_, ""'yhl. deluuoooillvoJ .......... d<.-, ..... , w..odIen. ", ... byllishallao:l ... _ ... ,;.ot«I 101he ... i_ f ...... ,.....'tlwlodIen, .... obSttac1_""'of .. ""'uoooi • .-IO .. pI.o;n. r"""'ho:poUtOof." ... of .. oIu,;"..m .... ... ""ochr, ..... "han ..... of.,.,.".oIp<><=<ioIi1y.Thc <>_'ItIIa' ... kailooe>m>-'Y ;, _,... ..... J<d."""""" _'ho'_Ii .... lI<Iod;nialpictu"' ... p"'"'"",ooIorin, This"""';ty. "''' ;'' illdmdualro.-. • ",bofowld_i . .. oI...,..opocifi<_"-", , t>u' iolhe po'ieol'. penonol hiltory.

Tl>eooalysis ..... beeaniedf ....... _""':ODdthd.V<IlI>';><,poI<nrioJ , ond>lnl< ..... d;mrn.i<>nol""'m .. ;I ... mul1be ~!Ir<l><onaI~ol<l><dfm'''' .. oa'''"'_.iI_ "'~. Iifoif.,.,i ..... ond IIdtori< ..

1.·· .... _ .. _ ," " ............. .,---_ .... n .•.• "

, . _,"_" .... """ ............. S009 ............ _.' ... "

,.o. o..,~, ........ ~·_ .. .. _ ... _ .. . " .... _.OOO'..,. ........ __ <f

... '-"'_"' ....... ~ .... Fr< ....... x ,.". __ ... n._ .. _,' ...... J,,, • .. -... .. -... ,- ........... ,._ .... -" .... .-.., '71

3 Menial Illness and Individual History

l'>yclIo/<>Ji< .. <v<>I ..... i_" .... ' ''''p>.~;. ' I>eI'f'' ... 'i". -.nity .. ilbouloonfli<'.i ... _oaity' .... is<kfin<d ... hier.rnyol . """"" ...... ..,J;d".yd>.tooIY 'l"t!>o>lop<·I ",p'..m< .. ~'''')'<IIoIop:"ru'''''Y. OIIrbe .. het!lot.oi • ....,.." .uch •• imul ..... ify ofllle .. teriotlDdlh<preoe."iI,i"' .... " .. rn inrdooioow"""ono<h,,,bypulri,,,l><I,,..,,.tt.om dl<di>lm«'"", ____ •lI, m .u.l""";bk"n.m, roo>Il;"I ,md ooo_ictK>n , ln

P"ycholopcal.V<II"' .... ;,;. .... pw,lIaIptomoo .. " .. p' ..... .....

..... it """,01" "'P'ycl>olo&i<" 1Ii>l<lty. it; ..... "' .... , th>! d«o<h<o il><ll f"""lh< po>I."""fern.. ... ...;nl "I""'" ... uinl

:~.:=:Z:EB~~~::::=~ 1.".,.oltl><pos' ..... tb<pt ..... _ lhal i •• inhill«i<aJ '<rm.I WI>eo • .,d!<<JIol"' .... oinew."'<<DlUry. af""Ih'wlllan<! S""""","""" .. uroni>hed 10 dioc<w<,'h< ",,"''''mon in hi, d<.~ .. . 'i.in.b<ioi,~"""""'I:h<poo>ihl<"'wri'"

hWor)'io •• oI"~"""'.>I>d._to.LIIIs" .... ''''fi'''"ndc. tl><1<OOtII!: iJI6<ed.tb<wn<""""unis"'''''/ouoo:linlh<oo<i<>I "IYoftbel&meperiod. Thc"",inalorr",o/ps),<hoanalysi.and.

=.::== ... ~;,~..,.:::::.. ..... .:= in .... uni..,.~po~_Iopo><.' .' IkI'Fmtd'I_.~ .. _layiobrilll .... ,IO.or!yOll,IOIO".,.,..."" _ __ b!'Ibe_~_.oo;I ...... ""hiottJftcol _1IIioII~ .... h ..... poycloo 1.P"1"~";O._.~;, ...... )'IpoWbl<lO_ ...

... lIi<bpenaiM"'.po}'<~y~."""ioo( .. "nu.."""p .. 1M n-r,"'~,...titJ)udtbat ... hi<h b< ...... IO.po}'<lloloc<~ _.-binory( .. i. Fi .. r.1<"",""' __ Ibe"""""",,,"y,

... " ... ) . lop<Ke",,,",~,,,,,_.tiooololl_.noctu"" .,...,..",do:taiI<d iod •• poyclloanolyb,,,oditioo , 1 __ lW:to_f""" .... __ olpo~io ....... =, ...... ' .... I01'""""' .. """'Ihi.'~ ..... olindmdaol

H<.-.i •• ' ....... _byFmo;Ii.'hc/_~L"".,..'." r.~""',.u:'A_ol._fihy •• IP«1. hc,h.oband ~1.,.id<lily,.;thhis ... ......,._A-"_...,.~lh.;_ioo.Y ..

=;:=:"7:,7~=";'~~~~t!..-: i'i.ol .. _lhatil'> •• _ ..... IOOIi._ooIelyby.oksit<f .. "' ..... 000;1 ..... ,hc oIl<pOioru ... foctuolly """"""': ....... ~. k-. .. ldI;',"O(!;(Y'<"<OIJ'"",,""'iojoJti<eofherreproo<""'lO ""'-...:I._ ...... q.i""""''-' ... 'yol' ....... 'hothc".. .1 ... Y'."' .......... AIOd,.. .... i ... obielOlhM.oaht:rjWoooy: ""'.-.,""'r .... pro<w .. her h.'-·. fidoli,y. III< """" .... • osp;ciooo ...... w""'"":patodo.i<oIly.her;o_y .... <? ... ~ li .... ..-..d' .. ''''nointy_ .... h..-i.'''''bei'''..,.oIIh101 _. ;" m,loooioolf"""olpatanoio.;o"""yi,onirnp<ee!l'oIIIo""'.i« ............ bi .. jo .. ifi<...,.iolbe"""" ......... formoof_",. III<<a<<'iI<d.". Fmo!;, .. ...... pkof .. i_hi~;oaloooy ..... OOIIS""Oyq .... iOIIol"o ... _;" f"" . .... """ ... ~y "',,,opo. 10 oX.y i",1f IIId to be .. ""itocN io

"""""' .. ..-..: ... . ""Y<u, ..... ( ..... ' ... ti .. ,y' ... )< ... '" _~'J

1o ...al,...,.~<mer,..ldw'IU • ..,..... .... inf_ .. i!hh<r -. .. ,.,.."..,II« I.."i.'."''''il' .... '''...",_.". .... ...."Io .,_IU"isllanolnlOslerted .. he,hu_tlle .. ",_,

::-::;r:':=~'~..;.~=::-";,!~ _.-""'_ Ir.."...,.,." .. <lt ..... "'j<aIouo t.oMil.ylo wllio:blheol>jooc!""i.alt)' .... .... poti<oO·.dau'hoer: .. Ihe"...,

"'Ihomortoidphe""""'"'"'.'hen ...... h"m".uual li . .. """"

IhoM=-, .. ~ioIno . ,.....,.,.,.o\ion '" k<1 .... '"'"

=...~·='!."'~.::"=ho"'..~~": __ ofprnc< .... _C<CItrooho:' _onothulikelhe.1e-

_ .. . chiW· ... _" .. I ·"O"'nUl ...... lycompor< ,..;. i<*IouI"",jo<1"'widl Ihe "",jo<ti.ood<ocril>«lbyM . Wallooio u. an,1M. d. NO-w. ""', ,..I</dM: ' he _ from fJ .. 1l_ ......... pI< of . ...... ·j'<"_P1 '' .... In>I:khe'pIoy· ... ""'."..",iol"""re..-.· ' .... h<r..,.. ..... f .. __ ... = .. ":',~~::.,"'~w.:.~=~::. , ... "' .. If· .... _ .. ""' .... lhediKino:1iooo be"" ...... i ... ..... beinl O<l<><lu,.,..(..-;ki~ .. I_k.l><mlunl,.;lhfulJl>ei ... '''' riMIor. of "' ... ,i.,.): r ............... lhe om,..u..uof rodinl' _poaible._of .. _it)'of qareooioo ..... rrril'. I. _b~."""f_tlre,",""I<"""",ofpo","""'"'oIor<l>oi,," nWdit)'ofoll«ti .. __ .lobitir' '''p''""""".""",..,io lhe 1J<JIIom __ "'. B",dlisi. ""' .... ' .. "p'lO roofit-ar)'<1"'io ...... ,.. .. i .. ......,' of ..... aI ill" ... .

Th<inIpootoa,!h ... "' ... .. """i. Ihe .... ofF ... ud·. ,..riemthi' "',.....",boI.''"t)',...., ........ iol:~ ..... • ....... ''' ... ..... ''''''' . f .. ,inI''' I UiM: .... ,..';.,,' exopedf ..... he ... ''''''''' .. ,.,.i ... h<rdou ...... _"'ro;;h byl""'inlh<r><If"'lo..h<r "'"_o.-Iow,""' ..... ."..,I""""'" ",ih--.d bydri$ "" ..

......,hm<Dlby..-ferri .. "'b<rh ......... ,by.OOtIoIJIIimJr pt<>jeo<tio. •• _.,...oII<l"''''''o ..... Thodrikl·. pm«>tu'''.oI """' ........... i .. ,ho: .. oIho .. . _"" ..... :the,~tu ... ";p. .... ~IlI .... yola<! .. 'oo reality •• "'}'1IIiocaI_oI "._"'""'""_u.d<J<b<".ll<l' .. """i.""' ..... ,oIfal1 .. , _..., ........ "i' ... io .. _'ni,h'h""' .... P'<1'<n'.A """"""'_tIwI.reIlInr,B"'.,..." .. ""opo .... prd<DlQO!l byputt ... """"Ih .. '., .. i.~.plo«,..Jthe .... ,oto._. _JII .. fIOIh<>k>I:i<"'b<hoviori."""ho: ... i .. .,.,....:IIO .. tP<h ::.."'""''''::"'''.'''''''O •• ,''I)",I>I< .... , ''',; ....... ....,..,yl*lol

--.'ionI<ti ..... lhisi •• oI ............ iIuOOoolf"' .... oI _."':oduI, __ .d<v<lopodllKlodopred.,i.-aplooelO

ilIf •• ,M •.• impio. """""'J>Ied ""ho.ior_ io the ,_01 " .... , .• f"""". potimt:" the ide ..... , h<ffllh<rmi,1o ,.11 ~I • ........ ~_ .... poIQ'l.""' f.,.,...oIiol_il<"""';OO (m..._ .. pIooion,f.IH~.l>«_ .... td_"" odopred""ho • ."oto....-kI .. "",,._ .. "te<hi,,,. lioo3i .. t"" ...... f .... _< .... , ""' .. ,oniri .. fcwlor .. d' .. .. ;.,

_ Soon<ti""".wl>o,;''''iorool .... ''''j«''_ .. , .. ''''cw ...

:~i:.'~,~.;:'='f.:,':.:~.t~fIIti= :",':":::: i""f"p"lf<hoic""i«" ... aI ".""""fad< l><f~promUl 1 ....... .- .. 'hoc ... oI_phoIJic . .. .., ... .... _kI oI·_l"".""""'·P..,ms.""'_,hr< ....... , .. ," , ... ".'il.o,", 1if;"",01"'" f ..... ,01 .... impri>ooin' __

""'_,"" "''''')'1I«Ii_.oIthe .. rrifyinlonimol.bohirod ""' ..... l>o<klK"""lolon,iotylh., .. I>rn«J"_"'.,.,. ...... Thi."hof<.".<v!>yol". ..... """"ioro'u.dt<p<'li_Koi>w1

,hor , for r"""",orllllyiU.the"...isi.wlodooly"._i""d", ""'".. ..... iIuo'iooondt!>o1i'i."'oIiwI""'y"' ........ n'Ihor" in.of.". d< .. ali>M"'" 01 '''''".. ....

B., ... lWis"bopillodb)l~ ...... ie,~._k7Wlwis"" ..... of -.u., .. ,110 _if~iq fODlooia of cIoikIhood. of _iq"", ... jofdioordenof . IliUiDadeq .... Iy,.",loIe<I.""'idtnoUl.""' __ •• ""' .... ""io.jooot .. .... lif._ ...... _onI' ... .-..lyohifoin ••• ,.,ilil}'of "'IWoIlio",d.ies'TlIis.oo_.·"' Vv<IOIIIor"", ...... ...... ltIlIOililll""""'''jo<n,",),l""",ofeJIplaDotioo, Bw.l. F .... f . -.tood io poy<hoanaI)'I •• OIhore,pIano.-<anbo :;-:::.,lhi.<kuaIi ... iooof .... ,...,.,.""" .... meret<petilioo

Freoodbi_if""''''''''''''''''.oil}'of .... y''''' •• y"''*''''i. prooesoof fonnatioo. It_"",,,,,,,,of.lour· __ boy,Little

1\ono._bad.pI\ot>i<l..-ofllona.'!t_ ... mbi.""""f ...

=:=Ee2..:':2:::~~~ -.... ThisI..-w ... ,lOpondo.iool io ............ """ .... _ ,id>e.110 1 ....... 1Iw .... ""' .. mip'_himond ..... ""'lIIimol ....... _ondtillbi_If,OidboOfdOdbo _ "ishlO _ _ 1 w ..... of,aidlor him .. 11or I", """'"Prot>.bIy"","

AooI,..;" ~_thll""<bildw"" ''''''''''''po'''oIal1t''' Oodipolli_ , IIisI. d\eo' w" ...... ""itI<d .. ,...",n.lOO_

• Ii_OIl"""""". ""' .... "'_"'''''' ......... '''''''''y ____ .' ... muk.otiIIlwtho, • ....,.... .... .,. ....

Ntilot._oioIet'IO'bol .. betllo<lol"O)' ..... n .. -..:1e lorH ... betwcenbi ......... ondhim. ltw .. .. thi.pointth ...... • )"'CItoo>'I< 1101"'101""". n.._<l< ... ....,. .y""""iomof .... _-..wmadeit,....._ .. _io""' ..... oftbohot ... .-itu .. I"' .... pot<fuI .. i"""" .. ,oodio .... _ipi!y ottll<

='.,~":.;=.::=::t..:==':::::::~~ tioG<JI.wi"' , .... <IIiId .. "",ionce.1t11e ....... ' ........... una ...... :!.~in'''''' ... I .. !lCfin'hei ..... in.".r''"''ofthe_of.

!I\Ot"'io.ymbofisno----d"';.io .... i""""'*"'pooi_ ..... y ...... .,)"Ihkol.I ...... 'd .. l"" ...... of .. oI;I)":;'oboploy • • '.""'_,oIoiorclarioo"'fI>iI,toI;'1. The '..,<JIbei,,_by thehon<i ... _ .. .. I"" ...... oflll<lurof,_: iI .,lIIboIi""" ... pol<malprohitoi,;",,<JIafl ... ....... ivi,;.,.Thi. '_ofb< .. '_nd<di' doobledby .... " . ""', thehon<~ .. ~ ........ .-... jIr< .. "'U."""di<: .. ;'''''cI.Iol ........ '...,. ... h_If ''''''' ........ 'ut'''"'"lhlhe .. ;<lI'''_h;.f_dkoncl 1Ilu.""_tbeobo'ac .. 'ho' ............. .,''''''' ........... "OIi ... i ... "'lifldoeI __ .. ;mmedi ... '1 .. ""'h .. ""...-

;=~::::r.::::.. .... "':.:~':~!:'= .. .;:~~~ ....... If ... i ........... hwi<lloncl .. i«"""ow-or-il, .. tbo

~~::h:=If';:~.·f::~~ .. ":;~=:::::::.~~::.~ bur ~ .. I""", ... '" f,.o..Iy ...... "" <hHd .. of .... '" ",joh >piMr ..... II ""'b< ..... ' ...... 'hor'he .. .,.',.; ... lh<oftbo

:::":';~ ~..::~~~'~::..::i=::~ «;>m<in"'pf'1 inthi" ... of p/>obio: ""'Or ,,-,_thel, .. '.,.""''''''i_ • ..; ... ",I;II .... ''''.-.,I00........,,''''' •• ,'''' occoadb .. "....tonncdtloi • .,i<ll ..... f •• ur .... io, .,.oIiud

OO ........ ;.of"'io ............ " .. Io< .. OI __ '''''''1o< ad,... .... ' •• ncdb1 .... po'irn';n ... '<I'i,in' _i. p«><n'iailf .... ioorip .... 11 . _ oo dofeadhim"H .. inor ' ... .,.._. ",.

:-:.. '7. ~o;,~~:n;i~ ~i'::'~.~ ~7.::',:::::: ;: .. ~ p«><n' . "':...,. ... n'.i .... ."..' .... "'" """"'u ................. p .. _i"l"'tbo''''' ..... ''' ........... '''''' ......... i.poilooIoJkal

t>d!a..".,,,,,,,...,,, ~_","y._nli.'ilyolevolu_.i'i .. "-_oIhioIooy l1oio_oIpo",~dtf""",;,.oI ... jor""""""",

n. ... _oIpo,.,-.,.... w_..-~_An .. v<>Iil._ 'ioool .... __ - ........ hlotiol .. 'il<" ............. r ...... 1 oI.,ibidolllot~y .-_od.Uthephe_oI 'he offocli .. l ifc ... u""'..,.-; ... oI""hmylhi<oIimpul .......... _;",ri""'_~,""ioolbo<·""Ih .. ,buli' " ........ """"w """" "' .... ;, ...... ,"'" ",thed<I'n"'.-honi"",andlioailylOodmillllot,helUbjocI .. produ<ahi. hiMoey ","y bo<_he~"" I"'_ ..... tion.A .... F"u<lw ~1od.';'oI"" .. oId ......... h&nw."_I""lUbli __ rioft.ni<hi. I'<p''''''' .. OO<OW.r.lleli .... ninepn>«du'''

:..":":.:~~,rml~.;:t~~=~ .. ::: .. =~ <ion I"""",i,""ioobt""'. undoinl. projoo;1ion. introjoc<ion, 'u,n· i",.p;a.r ...... rr.oncr", ... ,w-'

Thohr->:mal ..... -.....UoIr<p".<ioo.II<.obtr>«, lromthe con"'iooos.II ..... , .. p«>entation" ... proO«ti .. ...,....... l>< br<al.p'''',.,..,..,ol.-inWty. ondi . ....... ··p')'<hi< .)1IC<I!'« .. .,.,.... .... -.:.t><iou ....... ""ot./i ............. ..... iOll.iIl.,.."..'hal~i .... 'h<hy_·._n' .. tood""· """·· ,he .b.t.-. ... '..,unilyof ..... t>odyingr<lcf,.,<1loce.1I11K

;::::.s~.of ... ~7~:-~ old ..... ~~.: _inly Ih""'lh"i"""ioo." 11<><1"'1'",.<001'", .. , • ..,."" r"""it<~ .. ,hel ..... ,,;, .. ilh .ytnbol .. nd .. I"""""''''''' 1>to .... _t.,eonn«_~·;"'".real<on ... r: .... 'he IOK<' ;. conn"'ouddtniy ..... ,,, i. impul.i .... nVol.andobou'dboh.""" in ..... miobtoloo!.opo«lll<"" ...... A< ... otlhi.;,F"ud',,...i<n' ... ho."'i""""u--i","hy.q"i""nabr."'i"<lil,~""ion'o _'lbl'"yluli ... otpnokIlC<Of""' ...... ,cooOJnoo""P h«><11""'inldo"n ' .., ... """".oI ._ylwtk •• ,." .... c .... i .. o

::""":::~:!' .. ":,":;:"':=~~"'!:;':'.=::! "~"'-'_lf"' · .... '·"""IIyP"'_· <OiII1Iy.'Jof'pkd,.:buolilooiao ... si_:~,_," bod ,ivu bi .. , __ .""",hcouldb< __ ;"':!b,;,, __ .. Aadsho dd __ "..w.,_dIoo sho

"'.- u JUilrybyi_' .... _ .... ftom;"olfocti .. i ••• lihc_x...

Tho:puanoN.: ... """" __ ,.d I'<'~,_ ...

;n",,,,,,·-.o .uo ... wisho:f.ond_ •. lo:wiq""""'_ 1O~._"" b"'I<K.dh.lwlo<batn. loclo>r""";""II _olIb,.-_bonis ... "'ptojo><boo. ....... j<aioo,oood ....... "..w."", .. U. I, ... u Ftrud-..-bol .... "", ... od dlooall_

""""'""' ...... p«I<III;"por--:...:..-'.'WkeIlo<~ reprooo:bcsbi>porIDe,.ilbinlidc!iry ........... Y>_ . ... _ .. ''''~_''' .. iofido:li<y.lo<oi'"pI, _beor:loo __ "", ... i"'._IIo<~IlUmdf: ~

1o<1<CW<S1Us ......... "'ialido:l~y.,.;"'.fl'i<o.d.;r Io _1o<

_1f .. periexesprecloclydliswi""ondllo<dd_Ilim .. U • .....,rt.;.-.ooI_IIy..-.,.....;.,:;,Ia.,. __ • l1li "'1aboMbip""'byptojoc<;qi'"""""'OIber"""'f ..... ,,, .. _"'irlfMlelily. lkllby_"' • • y""""""'alprojocI .... _oI"'haslbt......m,:of.jy>rificllionond.callrlBil .... .. ~loo:cu .. of._.ooI.ish""'...,_""1oimoc!f ......... ond by. ' .. ulll ",,,,,aff,,,,lo< ... m_of ... ,,hicoi """_;-iI"oeo irrlolo .,...",,_.of m ri.oI. I, Io_ J . 110 om ... foilhl.l .. you, buoyou.!o<> .. ..t.ilbflll ..... ,~i. _1 __ bi'">buolo<.IIO_ .... """~ ... ;"""1 r .. lrOfllirllis_kn'<.buo"""' , ""'b ... ""'~bl .1Iid:I,puanoN.:.ddeadia;llWnoell.pinor __ . ooIiIy.

"""";Mn.d<i""""",i<olo<a>, TOepodlo>lop:oIlri1noltioo oflhopu<do«lI>. .. . ......m,:

::;~~:b::;.:::=:~io:::~u:

.... oIJ1f<1OO<ti ............ obudy_WIod.Th< .. iI<"li .. l"""oI .... ~ia .... y-.,. .. ,,_lOitJdd .... ",.sipilicaIiooo

n...~lto:11<XIoIJ1fQl>Iem:_ il ""potienodd_,

_....,. ........ ... <hild,to: ... ''''''''''''.01_''''' ..... to:..;nte....r01l00 ...... .. .... ....-1q><tiIloftooll\;. ad..II l~eTWho<illhi.per .... nal1"- ..... ~ ...... do ... oI ""'~Iif ...... will ....... ,y_OU1 ..... "" :::::==,".ouchanM loceJoI.doq<l

llete apill .... ..w)'i;,oI •• ,.,.poom ... yJ"O¥'o<lo ... .. "b . ~_ . ... __ ..,..p-I __ 1IIiq: .... tateo .

borol.IIo<o .... .- .... "Y"oI .......... ......... , ...... __ ... ~_IOIdI .... p r._.·Th<Un ..... _.~r_oI .... Ihd'i ......... iaI<IJ .. _i' ........... ric:. TbeAllojo<t·.bsIO<ysbo ... q.,;,e.l<Mly .... II:rio .l""""'" .......... poio'oI"""~oI_formsolto:llavio<: ...... ;,t, .. __ ofIoetioatllot .... to: ... uI .......... ....

• ymboIoI .. lbcb ........... .... oI ....... H .... ,.,,-objoet,...,. "" .... __ .' ... _ ... 01 .. 111 __ 10110"""' ....

.,.,.....i .. ellonlO pio lbi.aff«oo.. 1be'Jl11IIIOOD"ilI _

... .........-... ___ f<JnDIol ... "".ior, •• Md ... ill

p .. ' .... _.,bio.....,t I""af",...,.by<Olllmininl.lh<lt./Iu'lI< OI'iIIf .... ""-..:;..1Or""pilIby.""""'n;nl;,;· ... ha ... y tbat ..... ilI ... f __ .Tbebdla . ... oI .... <_y"d' ... <oI. iIl<HlObeilll .... ~IllIH"'.c" .. <I" ... ; .... ;, ...... P<: ... ~ _____ I"."O;oooy"_iet."; ..... yof

........;.., .~. Tk~"""' .... ; ... ;, _or<. ~--: .... coofb:I •• dd ....... ''''''of .... ''''' .. odi<boo

B .. _.~o:t.rti<t.li<"'."""""".....,..,..andtl .. .... ioo it ........ iI""'...,.....;ry~';,_ ..... i>< .... _oI 011_"""""" I~. , Tkconlli<1 .. ..-uIedby ...... utOIi<".".

:=:..;.: ::::.,:==~:"'=:= _ ...... ,leilllU<h .... ytha'II><<OIIIpr<IIIIUe. r .. rromb<iq. """"'.;0 io 11>< .... "'_.<io<p<n .... 01 , ... cooofI;"'. WI>eo. dlikI.l<OJ.ioCJnl<t" f<ro'I<'""' oIl"""'.orod<al ... Irio~ "'oI ......... !l; .... U"' ... I""OO! ..... ;.<~_""'_oI lrio

::~·Z.=:.:.::.==~=::::= 0I10CI'" , .... bi ..... r' .ymboiiuo..., --"'Y ... iof .... -.d ""'.incre_ .... r .. , ..... oI ruilr.The .. periceceolr.-oooo andpik .. ...-rion ... rII",linled._ .. owolti ........ r ..... oI .-"""ho'~' ...... ho .... >bu' ...... conlnollioctooy-,.tha, d<f .... ""'<Iout>l<".,u.;.,oI""" and ""' ...... acI.~ .-radktioo>;.""'''''''''''~;.,.,~-";.,. ___ ,h<

..... joc1·. affe<li""'il. I"""",.OUI.ide'~_iobiln~ l"""'oI_';~di"_""'"ot,m.,. 'H<o.' ... _>1II<II _ .. ~,~ ... y,_,o;"<Oonod;aQoIO .... It-<d'" ioo:oh<re.>«.8 .. 00nn0/iD«>I>=n<ei • . Kri<dy~.dif. 1<IeII,fromJ>OlholoJicolabourm.y .... bich il __ lromdlo _b)' ...... odic<.,.,,,,.-.,,,,,,,,,,,.jcaIouo_ tryi"''''..,.. i'''''h .. .or.oI iofidclityio,.,fOCl ... .. .... _oI""'<IIIs<sboo.aIn<W<IOi< " ""~"'_

~~~",~=...~ .. ,:::;;~~ potic ....... i"' ....... iooaI<)orouJbt><" ... .......rI"""II<t_ cvuyeJockor.,.'''''_-.mip<di_ ..... Ikq> ..... ................. <im<.,,~ ..... ,f ................. _ -t ... iofyi .. ' ..... m)1lli<ally ' .... """"""'aII",..ymboI<oI ... oaii<y ..... r .. 01",. p/I,..ioqieaI .. pIIriry """",....-. _ ........ _,.;pdi • ..to. AI ...... iofiod ... cIosireoio

• .....,;car_ ..... O<1U&l.Jya.a.-r .... r"" iol·oIpiII.· w ...... , ... """""indioidl>al ClIpor;..O<eS.".,odictiooo ..... iII ....-""""-,.oonnadictooyCllpericece,,,,. .. pcriee<eol .. r .... _"""''''''','''';.-,;"".' ... oI'Ioc_<loacoitl<ll' apio« i!. III ...... """"': """""eo-fl;a.or-.-.,.oI"'"

._:podIo>Iotkol<...nko. 0<_.oI<n«oI "...n.-. 8

.::: dt;;.,,~:.. ':".:: : .. :"oer:=.;.,~,:~ .is':

....... .--oI .... "'I""'j .. l~ •• tbemajo< •• pt< ..... oI

::-:;:::e .'.'::.:~:..:""~:=: ~ OJIperinaol •• ~wiohlorlif.ond"""'.Jo .. "" _ ..... "p<rioatial __ i.oI pO",,,,,,,,,kol.-,odko'"

""' .... ieIjo oItbecbild .. ""diKO .... """"pbiti .. """ .... erori<:i ... oI-..poion;.cIIor ...... i"' ..... rucli .. '"' ..... "~.« obeuWetyollhe ... Jud.oIi<."ho.iooo:ler ........ b""'Joved objo<:Il""" ........ i<lmlifieo...;,t,t,;1II.-.... ..... "' .... beeo. buo_..,.«~ba....Jlm""_oItbe ....... ondc .. _""_"'Ili>""".~I.ool~..,. .. joioiqbjm"'_,Wj'" _;.,y ........ "" ..... oI~,;p;!""..,._B<a<&dt oll .... "'--';O'''''''hani .... '''''poni<vIori .. ''''in .......... ieoy reveoIoi_ond ... h'n><oIill_d<f ..... """"~i< ".~oI ....... JoIr: ... b)'Sltri< ........ IIi • ..ru..y.obh ... _~by emIIodyiqit"' .~ysi<aI.~_:""_siouol .. """'" rializeo._ •• ~_._' ..... _bim .. _y_ .idaol Ioi.ombivalcaoo, ""ikdleporww>iocjuooilieo!>irmell

=ly.~-::"'.:ir"::':"'~~j':= _-."".-.oI ... _ .... _ODIImosblli>

.. ;.,yI>aooo1h"""'ormsoiloioaurnoi. iIy. I' ;. .. ,ieoy ..... .. • ~ •• perinaol~'-,"'_.tho<_ .. .. ...... _ ... "'''Ji .......... oipilio<ohoo .. ... p07<lIoIoF<aIde~uI .. ioodi_: ~;. f;.., .>perieeced io .... .......-.oI~_orodm .... ___ ....,.

Ji .. rioe .. : ... _ ............... tbedel .... meclwois ...... ete< ..... _ .... """"P"""hoIeof.lifetimellleJrmw •• tbeir __ • IheirriJid ............ """" ... ,"'re it .. y _ul....,~ 10._. it 1Dip'1>e ooid ...... , ...... iI-..,....,"'" po~ .. __ ;...-...-m .. iD;jiridualhin><J:iti.

.... iecy.iodl..,'."' ... !oy,..;,i ........ apr<om' ................ ;.",_., ___ ~ ... "" ....... _ .. .,01

....... ,.. PoIhoiosiealbdlo.iof""m ... ,.,......pltu»icolly •

.. ........, .... I<n'lDII.lipilicatl .. l ..... ioa io .... _,1hio iobeca ....... .,.. ... '.OII .... poin'oI..,... ... ombi.alNceand .. ·itI)'.brUIa·II<OfOIi<_;c. iDooplo" ...... _'"1 ...,.iecyand .... """ ...... m ............ id< ..... lorloolbeeo li...rio .... tubj«t·.hi-"Th<iII_ ..... ~lik< • • ., ..... drtlo, .... pari< .. _"h ..... lftoyhioptOtaold<! .. .. """1wIi ...... _ ......... __ proo<a« ............... y,

1No . ... ...,-.band. q.Un" .... p""it,;l;.,oI • .,..""" .... ;.,y .... Sllbjecl".-.._Iftoy~iol'o __ """ __

... "pio ... Ii<I ..... ilat~ __ . Doeo .... pati<o'''''I.odhimJ<1f

... itb 1IiI,........ ....... iii. pM'. or "" .. he 1"'*"'_11"", bio.,....... ... itIt ....... lpol.hi-,tbaI"" ...... IoopIO ......... 1 W.oIIouId~..,. ..... it .. '"_d.d .......... _oI J'IIhoIo&i<aIheho.iori'tohef<MIII;if .... poti<DIioilf.heio"" i_ .... ...-ond""" .... ""'finkod."....... ...... fotmol . prop< .. i .. io"l'aDooo. E.oryiodi.id .. f.oICOII .... htoeJIpon. ...:edouiecyaodtat< .... f ... i ........... ,api ... . : ........ li<t poIimteJIperieo«<hi, ... iecy ... h;,d<fm .. ~ ... cimllati., ..... ....t .. bimd<f<llllhillll<lI •• ""' .. ..,.,_ -.,; ............. hi..,..;oolf,t>oo-I up ",i1h it. ",hiob, toytloi.

::.::::~= .. 7c!,,':;:":'<011":'..=;...~=~...: == ..... poOhoI<:oii<olh41O<}' i._todtoy'hio

n.,P''1<hoIot101.·<tI .. ion,,,,hioh_';l><s .~ .. OttlWcl>tho.ior ... ""I>t<Onl""""" ........ mot<toy . p"1<bo<-"11 of. ....... ,''''' d<sctil>t • . i •• p ... ho-, ..... .,....... ..... iqol ...... "' .... >iorII,Allyleolps)'ChoIoIfi<alcohet • ..,. ,,","hefOllod_"'hori='he~cI_ """""""""' ... _tak ..... ;,'m<m>lialmod<l,lq<Ideocrit>cd

io. .... _o/-,;<aIpIwes,Tbo ... .. o/"')'<~

~~=:.="" .... booi.uI_.~isooric:lIly ..... N_. _poiM __ .... ...., ___ .. ....

_ho"" .......... ;..,_Tbo~·. I")'<~~~ ;, _1II1Od .. .... oIli.pifiocloli"" ............... dd.DS<moc_ ............... _oIolf...,.;""--.-. a ... .. ~ .. ItOoIory ..... _oI .... ;o.,y . .. .....,; __ ,i' .. .....,._ .. IOb<I __ .... _oIall .... ptdIoIoJic .. epiood<oal.JiYCII""'j<eI: ......,epiood<o .. _~_ b)'..w..,:boot~ .. bocMIl< .... ;.., ..... ......". -. ..... _ cpioodnlollowed __ .lilo", ___ ", <I<op<

f_~: iI ;,~ ...... . ~"_;, __ ......

=.:.:~::x-~~,,:::::~ _ia .JIOlIIoIotj<aI .... y1W11y ........... O •• hpol ambipityoYeK<llllOb)'_i.di ..... "bil< . .. __ .iI .... oft ,,,,,, __ 01 pM/I<IIoJi<" "*""" .... ,n.;. io. f .... 01 ~ ..... _ricIoaI .... ""Y .. _ ... pn>bI< .. booIi. __

IOjIIotiI, . For.~ioo .. b< .. periee<ed ...... _. _al __ . I"'.Jllbjocl .. . «IIIfIi< .... i...no..IO"" _in .... cimllorioyolpM/l<lloJi< .. dd<Dl< .... I>arrionn • .... """;o.,y ..... alr<ady "" ,.....,....I11 .... lIttody".,,"""'"

:"-:::'~al':::=:;; ::=~ ~~ ~::-~:.:.~":.~='::.";.~.:~ ionIo._ it o-iu<noft.,II<_oI <q><Oitiool th!oi,alfOCl. io ,1I< .-..:oI~<pi_ , ;,;, ..... ", .priori"' .. i ......

T1Io ..... '-';O"'.-..)iuri,oo.........,""';U .... ... _i"'~y; .... iIIdi.idlWltOoIorymak .. ilpoooibI<lO •• ,-; ........ ,""'" PlJ'<Idoci<ol---... 8 .. i' ..... _"" __ io~ • .,. .. ..-,-ity

, . .. ·· ... __ .'· ... __ <l ... c _ _ ...... <I __ . .... xx. __ ... _ .. ........... __ ..... -

1. __ ... , Xv" ". m~ ._IM_'''' __ '·_."m . _·· ........... _ .. . Aw--r_-ow.."·· __ ,,",, X

0, __ . ... £,0_ ... _ <1 _(10<))., . ... _ • • --, ........... ",...,. ... ,.... ___ .... XV1 ........ c.o. .. _ ... __ ""- "" I, __ .... ~r-<l~'''') • . ...........,. ......... .. ,,-..-._-. .... XVI • ... ", .. -". ~;, .. --............ - ........ -.-....... -.."--

4 Mental Jllness and Existence

A ... ytl.ol ... _ ...... at"""'willfl<.l.I< ..... bdlHldi'. tealdyfIWsuptn«I<. __ lwIism ...... lho<rofIS'itutna..'"

i ..... ifpolholop;al....,'e;_ .... ,f .. "' .. .. all"isi> ...... , i'

:-:--...:.~':.~=.,'~~!'<:===:~~,~ II)'leo/OIIII)'IiJ i> ~i .... : . f"""ol .. perimce tllo1,.,..b<)'<IC>II .. """ .... n ..... oou ... ,"'ry< ...... ,bc .... uctdhy .. ..... )'11.1 of .... .. "It.li .. ')'pO: ~ is _ _ .. ,ho -. of mdividu&lhi""'Y .... b;ch Si __ .booNlllall i" ... ill_, . ~olpifi<aDoo.:IIOI'<.OII~beuh>us"" by .. ..w)'1i>ot . h;".,,;.;.I<yp<,t"" .... hi.lOry ond n ..... oIman< .. be._ CIlIly !a rd""""""'~

W.,..,.,_piJo« .... I .. ""'~· i'~onlyb)'"_""IIIlliIli1rr .......... id<' ....... will bo_ ...... upwilhin .... lIIOrbOI_kl ...... IU, .. ittU<tUr<JOOMlitut. odby,,,,,,,,;c,,,ond ,h<i..li.id.al....,Iwo"""'Y,talli=! bypsy<IIo!opo.,hi..,.y . A .... _ .... '''''''''.'''''h.i .. .. <h<di>-

=..,7=~~==,=~~~:=~.

..;tIo; .. ~<II~h"',andl .... rialoI< .. ""'""". "

.... hod .... ',. .... 011,II< """".ry.I'upl<1.<II ...... n" .1<><aI. ~ ..... _ ......... .-.otb<dUoori ...... ~~io

~;::2E~~~~:S~]:~ Ih"' .... <II 01<"""'" and • .". .. ,,,,, ..... ",,,,,,, ",_,II<

~:¥§s;~l~~ ""1Ib ....... ' .. ..,.....,....""o.po;n'<II .. ~npiohi"';,.Il>e_ '""""Iuo' ..... '; ..... 011 "'*"';, ............ ' ,0. .. , ... _

=~:.=II<:~:::::',=,'::"~~:.~:~.:::

~~£t.:~::'~,:~3,£~·:E .... """,""01"'*"'M'1· ..... O<ln ..... '*""·;,1·

,_ .... ~"'" ......... OO«IO I .... r_ ...... ., vaspirromodiale'y.M<lIO_ .... rI!; ..... rrfI«Mo""--' ;'.,. ;,oN"" .U ··<ornpr<o.n"""··(._iq), lIi .... i' .... hod' .... .-...-IIOIoJio< .. po)'Clloololy .... "'_

Borl"'p""'; ... .,-. ........ 'J"hi-.'h""''''''' ...... O< _;11 ........ """"""''''-....1''' .......... 1'''''_"._;" .. t>e .. pi.oi""' ..... "' .. iI .. li>IoallundentuldiqlJo_j<aIotIIy """""' __ ~._;""""'. __ f"""'.Meyond .... frontien0l1lle_aOod_ ~ ... __ "'moy r<o'h'lIepolholoP: .. _ldill

TOet<or<.oodou'"._f"""' ........ ltiu ....... mr<nWlI _1O~i<of .-..-,.. . Ther< ... llI<di"'" <I<ri ... oeo01 1lI< __ Y«1_mm,i.o."""' • ., __ ·_.lik<IlI<ionopIiooo;"IlI<"""", .......... oI

....,..caul«l~i . .... i< .. ioo."'fih_ .. "')'<hi<_ ..

..... <UlIlee.tpi.aiMd<lotlly~ .... """' .... tempoollll<c~

." •• ~ ... "" h .p •• ><al, .. ··",]'<bi< .... io·· ; tl"f .. , .. flO_ i....,..- ''''' ...... ''''''' .... t.o... _fn>m ..... ... l<fioflOto1fyaliNlO""' ...... r<' .... f ... filllol .. iftI .... /IU

_ .. iqri" U "*''''''Wtll;jtl& •• itnpfeosiooO/boiq n • ......J~fi<Id.O/f"""'.""'Of< .. OtI¢<moOCfialondmy...,.;· -ty;.,vwbk .. .... p<ri<o«o/ .. ................ "'matioool 'bo ~,

1lI<~ .. .:..~~~":':!:":..~~=.": __ kl ... "i .. pe .... _ . I'i •• q .... iooolmlOriol.

~=E~~~~":"":E~:?::E. ........... o/ilI ....... ,IlI<_kl .. """"h' ... __ _

;o olino<1ocl""" .. hi<t. ~ct>otItino..,. . n...od<,lCOIICIiqol ..... i<k a.oo: __ ,bo _Mioo.o/i .. """""",i<oI_1tI _ ............. bol.photlOWl<tlOlocol ...... I~ ... ..

~_·_ .. """bopotient ""o/his iU .... i • . llri<tly

=;.."'!I~~::"!=!'::.:!-:.~~,~:!'!: _Il10_ .... 01 .... _''''' .... _''' ......... 01 .... poriODIis""'«>ttun<tu ..... with ..... bd"ftlt ............ 1<o4< ....... _oI .... il!-..n.:_is""' ....... id<oIloeallll _ ..... alI .... _I«!J:<._ .... if ..... :uol w pobo .. i.

""'00 ......... 01 .... if ...... i,,,,,, ... oI.oetythiq_if ;,,<1~i .. Y«1 .. _ . n..poti<nt""""" ... his"""""'y """"" ... him ... Ieau .......... O/ ........ ""ibkd:ilftrtne<

I<por.'"'ltu .. f<O<tl ... _Id"'O ... """"'.,,, ...... ol ........ 8U1 .-...,"""Odlllepo_maybe.lledoesnoo ... ,..hioill .... i ............. y ... do<<ordoc"IIe .. ' .. odopo."'-'r.p<><Ulori .. dillloncct .... """Id .... bIoh;"'IO' ... op'h<ill_ .... <>bj<m ..

=::'~i:;!~,~:::i::.~h:i~~:~; __ ioi!. "'O .. 'h< _tth<""""iou ...... p<K<;. .. th<

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.... IIe __ ., ...... " in'hi.hopomlell.f ....... .... riaIe. io lhl'i_IaI' ........ __ tho...-ll"' . dillilll<_ ' ... __ thooubjool ...... world .. ., .. ......... f ...

TIle poIhoI<>p:oIpto<eN iI ... BiaI.",,.. "}'I. ' V .... ult-1id_.The""' .... "' .... iII ....... .,bef""""inlllil OOll· lr~uai<y"'.priY"'_ ..... .. """""""",.,tIoe i-..oily d .... _. 00." ___ """". tho

m-.iI_ ........ iaIOIbeW<lfSloilUbjO<lioiliesoncl. flllliMo

lbewonl"'~ies BUI_ ...... ,l1ovelOUl:bod ...... "' .... porado ... '" _iIlDns""' ___ "' .... ,..;o: ~ 'hil subjorti.·

g~~~f~~tei~§ ~w:;..~~f..,,""'i'l.io""''''''''"'''' .... '~i'

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t. 1 __ ,·· ........ " ...... :·Id_A_.~"'_ .• ,,.,,.. .. '''),I '"J"ooc..'' .... ....... :· .. -. .... _ ...,. , __ . -_ •. -.,.., .... . .... 10>"·1 1 • . • • KMo.·· ______ .··_1ifI _.1 ....

1>, ___ , '-r- ........... : ' "' __ " __ ,''' r·.".,._..-.. · .. __ .. _ .. __ ot __ __ .•. __ , ......... lotJn

PA RT II

Madness and Culture

Introduction

Th<p«>«>di"' ..... ,....Iu. .. n ... oI .... ~ ..... by..-tDch

"'J<hoIoIiescaa.i ......... po"'"""ioolfoo'. B.' .hllooJh .... y _ .... _d __ "' .... il ....... 'h<ytu. .. l>«n

.....w.1Oshow .. oo.ofi_d..,.,.., ...... I' _b< .... ooke oo_ .. " ... "'pM:._ioo."'~~.""h<

=""'~=.:,'~~-.... ..!.=~=~::::;;:.: OIOdaIitie •• iI.f"""'of .. p<e.,;". ... ..,... .............. B .. ....

=~ .... poI\IoIosi< .. do..;.,;". ... ...,h, ... OOb<f.,.....

UIinf; .... """'''''' ..... I><)'._f<IOIJI sai<f ............. ..-. ,......I"''''-.i<af ...... Ir<r<Iari«oo.· ·pIu.o<ofmanl;ind·· 1'00 ...... , ..... """._ fO<lhos b<oon>o ''''''''''''''''''pb«''' 1OC"""c1 .............. ~:_il_hos.' .. III" ..... iII'af ... q<II i ....... ooofywilbio.' .. tIIfe' .... _ni ... i' .. ""'~ J_·.parim'.""ha<f.;,.;.",.onoI .. ho __ .. iJ; ..... _kl. in """ .... """'",. hoo .. _ • • -,....,. .. "-.l. _"' .. i,.., .... . n..obo<lSional"""""""'in'b<<<>nIAI""" _"''l'_h ... _ .... inhi. '''''''''~ ......... ,I0 ''*· • .... pnaiodof .... primiO .. -.ioi .. , .... ,; ... f't>y"hi<!>h< '"""m .......... ot>joc'dm. -...,. ........ I"' ... ,._ ........,i ...... b<I;dlflt>boo"ilb ... _"l"i_oIpo,,""h<

primiri"",.ishc>.lIOnIIally.'ober«ontil<dand"' ... _doo ..... ""'lyf .. "'abIc" ... plk-ityh< ... i.""'Io>bo ...... od

Y<''''i , '''I .. i.ioy''''''''momidf .... i, oo<i .. m«Ii.o:ly'l' _,[),dheim'houJ"'''''"""''"""""",'ori,bym.,, ... '''. <tI6C<ptiootlw..-.. both .. ol.'_ .. """ .... i .. .,oI,.phenoIn< ......... "ptdod .. ""boIoai<oI' ..... byo.p.ni .. f'''''' 1h<."" • . rrwk'h<.op<f>«I<d~,,,, .. , .. I;'rovol""""'" ' __ th<I.""",,,I",of.d<'oiopm. .. , ....... .careely

""S·o,'"lf_....."o <>UIl><''''''C''Y!''lh<o<'''''''*'"'be"" _"""' .. b<coostillJto<Ibybti.li.llOJ"Ihetio .. i . . .... hok ... • _01 ab>:"c,".i,,,,.lioy. th< """,fr<q"".,,,horocO:I;'lico oi ,"""""'." .. ,.i'mi ... b< .. id' ...... yd<portw<f"""'hi • ... odatd"'h<oI'his . nIO<lUdp/><"""""""' .. ;ondh<~" th; ..... i"icalpoi .. ofviewbyaddin,l: · ·A oociol f ... c .. ""_ ",bo"""""lfor. ~""""",.,oy""ly;'r<iarion", •• i .. n".,.;,, i .. d<'elop<t><to.··(R·sI"<h"''''''Iwd'_~,o..pio: '·"ydilf<m1t .. "'ropoIoci<oIimplic .. ioD • • lh<con,,,pOOtlof certoio Am<ri<.nl")'<IroIotJ"'i,"",f .. ,,~f,omDurk · h<im·,p"""o/..;"..-. Accordinl ",R"," li<n«I.".eochcullur<

=I;"C:-;;::"'~.=:~~"';.::.",,~=~~,:~ ' .. rnpk."I .... i"""' ... ''''' .. oI' .. ionof .... iodi>"idu>l , ... bilc ..... of .... 7 ..... i".;i<o!ly«dude,it;ou=.iooi>. pri'i .. ,..J f""" of b<t.r.l'iori.Dobobur~_, Ih<Pud>Ino,F. .. h

:'::~':'':=::==::::=':;':-~ is '''''''''' "Jk<S*",lohi '''''''yolIh<Cro..-fodi .... '--"',i ... t""'''mpleof_.''''~ I''''i .. ~'''''_-.l ... A<q>t"'''*l k..".I<dVol .... C\lJtur.lf""".oIbi,ttib<bvt..-bo..-.. iacopabl< ofooof""""'l pOY'.,oI ..... "'r'andi. ' .... I""" <JI ,.ltI«' .... o/f",.""""bili'Y"'''''ptUoo"oodottlibu"" . h..,,,,,,y'o ·W,,,i.d"'m.o/h<b.I'ior.k~inl<ll«n>aIvirn><'ledbimto b<

~:::: ::,:,:,,,:·U;:::~~-:;:"'7 ~':;';=~~ ,.'i,,~ ,,"" .. c'ori, .. ""'il >o<iety . 1< I.""""." >or> li<n«Ii<1.

··_ ... _...,..alre1le .. '''rall ... 'Ih .... ..,ol-..,. ... IIi<. "'-""''''"'.Ih< .. d.,,u.. ... lindlherue'.add<rio....,'' D""d • .; ... ·.~ ..... """.oI' ... A .... ,.,." ... )<IooIop<o· ........ "''''''"_.' .... ill ................ __ . ..... 'i ..

..,.j.""'.iWOpoinlol.io .... I'io .. pti .... o-illt1< .. iod<lUoed io .. I>riooo"' •• Y<, ..... """"., .. poII<n .......... o.« ....... _ .......c<af, ... po .......... ,,' ........ ilh"' thi.dqwI ... : ill ..... d _.iomqioWby .. = ..... "',oti .. "'.<o' .... oooIyinsol ... ...... r"""oIbeho ..... " .... ""' .... ,,_by .... , ""',_ . lt i< _,WO • ....,.Ih<co-e .. oI ..... ..riHn<lO ..... finodby .... poosibililies._ ........... '_""""'"' ............. i'eo'<d .. t ... , <o'nn:r.,.o.nheirn.;,,, ....... ti.ti<alpoWNlil)"oI.<IeportIue r""" ...... ....,.;I ... ~>i' .. Ih<~i<oI_ibility oI ............ _; .. botI>. ..... ~ .... '""nwilln .. ' ...... ih """"_' ... _ibil;,""' ............ mlfllin .. ""'''''''utol .,.,ityaf.ooo:IalJ1OllP

n.:.. 10_. iolOipc« .... poIiti ... .,.,.I<_i.mrnroi iI ........ ~i.Pr< .. nl<4i" .ooo:iety. Th< ...... irteffO<!.U1 ...... . ......... r<eopiud .. ...,h .............. ,.;lhio."""p . ...... . .... fu..,OO': .... ~01 ....... i<"""'""'""oopiy. ~;" .. IabonIO .... ""Hur .. ')JIO; ~;,oneol t ... " ....... __ af ........ if .......... afdti.,)JIO. ,." .. Ir . .. lOone"'"

.... cd<brll<d'_ol .... Berdao ..... """"lI'beD&totlI.'h .... oI NottlIA ....... ; ...... _ . .... l>o .. . .. liPow ...... .. priesIs ..... -"' __ .. ~_ .. <rafumeo ...

c.I<i • ...,.._"" ... ilh .... itpotlicul ... lOJIwbtho • .,. . Bur ther< 1o ... ;..ti< ....... ' .... IIIrif"""prepds .... mi • ..,.,Iear .... y .. ~!.OO .... «JoiI~"Y.lhio"""'"iou ...... ioli __ .p<di< ooeio! i..olUtioM. TIrO'. oocotdiq "'CoII ..... y. io __ =. __ .... 7 ..... " .. ' ........... IIo._i.l •

.. ~ .. -.. -. .... .. -.. -. .... ...,-

.. ,., .... .. ; ............ .....,. ...... oLbe ........ Io ... ... =-~~=:~m;;::=:...~.!=.;,j.;!"Io':

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~=~~;."",!=!'~~i,~~:~"'::,= amonc theZu""blltreror<I<J.ootheronlrar}' ... hypo</!oAdriaor

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=2~in!:==~~~S oocioolydo<:.""'"i,htor«OlDizei<>elr intheiliindividuol"il "joo;t, or 10.;" "1" " II di.,,,,,,,,, the ill"" ... ~<,d"'" the

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:;':';.i:::::~:I;~'!:'" !7.:'~::":~;:. .... ., b) pla<lnl "'::;:::.":::':~;~;=;='::"';...."7..~!'..-: '""',«I"""hi"'?A""ho".~,pi"'tIo"r"" . do<>"",,,,,,icty ~:;:i:~;~lf ia _ """"-iJ t",m, i ... hicll it ... 1 ..... '" <=1'

5 The Historical Constitution

of Mental Illness

:.. .. :..::ol~-:==daIo ..... dleW ... ~-r' .... bo:aoaid ...... ,""'_ ....... _'Iho _oI.

p .... h· .. _. Ih< -.. .... .. ptd«I .. _·"poo-..-.··Aod ... _oIpo)'dliaooyupto .... preoenO ... ,"" ..

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.... rioodly - .. pdod .. - .... ~-- ... _oI_,S""b ... -.pmorioo;,buod"..' ....... ...... -<hoo ___ "'prdcd .. __ ; .... ~

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1O .... llioayol..-....... "''''''lIiIIOt)'ol'''Iif; __

Durina_poriodoprio<lO .... _CC>IIIIry.modiei .. _in !loopoblemol_ ...... Dorio& .... ,inI._to-

;"f"""lW<),<'IODu.., .. (lromIS6(llOlMr.l),po,I;.m..".

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.... -..."' .......... hocI ... _aiRody ..... ~ .. itb

.......... ofpol!><>qy-'wilb' ... procri<atho<""'io"<>l>'<4. 1 ..... W .......... hocIo1 ... )'J...."mod;"oIlrWm< .. of ..........

::::;.~ .. ~~,;':t..~~~~:';:.,~~= ::;.=:.~ . ..!~....:,~.":..~~::.!: -.. tho< __ "'prde<I" ~ ("., .. .we.: . • _

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.orieo,rooope<'oo<llOperiod ... IeaJI .. , ...... .-__ •

.. ' ~ ... , ........ impl"" ... " ...... Ie .. I. "~ __ 'Of.oo""

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:~I1J~·=·:'::~!:~;:~:l"'':.'=';/'B':: oodH;'r<><t}'m .. Doo<h.

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I."""""" ..... """"u ;"molfu"'.ionolill<ndnc _ .. '..

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.......... """,Id "''''''''' .... ""'r«I","h "' .... yofl"""."""

=~~~:...:::,~~~;;i;!~o:=.'=.:,7.!""':r.

....... 1 .... oI ... io<anc< ..... _ ... I .... oIiostifU,.",.~ke a-.."'_-liDn: .... h;"h.,.......,be"'pr<Ied .. ho!bed>oI

:~!~.~...:...~w!::' .. ~=:: n..pto-J7119"'J"""""_ .... R<><>l ..... II.<lf...;.hedIU

ot>otioh __ 'u •• ~mboIoI_""""""'_ .... . ...... ............. .,_Iooopitli ... i .. ....,. .. f .... pouibk"" .... ~ .... ' it ..... oipol ...... _oI.poauriou, < .... ,,- ..... ....,. "'del .... 1"' ...... 01 f.-ill h<lp .... _<U< I"""_ .... poo<"""""toeD<f ... _ ..... , he ... "'lioevedol .... ~f .... oI .... hotpW . B ...... ..,..,ialf_ ;,><>l..,.J .. ~ .... _ ... _;,_ .... ~ ... yhe< ....

~""' .... ~f...,;I;"O .... f"' .... ,..,.pO;.""idI .... ~li .. _ .... _ .. <OfIIaio .... m ........ pe ... ....roo.ioIl;"l«loo _ ... looolkrw··"'""-" ..... <Iaop<>OO ... ..... ··..,room

1~~ lOreooI .. thisprobl<"' ...... _ .... ReV<llu! ... Qw;j th<

~...;!.o;:::::,t:..I<::::;::,t"::~.';.: .. _ .... p/IiloIIIbo>p}ool .... potiodhadf'«od-.-.them""'lil ......... "".". .... 1nId: .... lnIdu"" IUhe ......... Ii :"::""~.Io_ ..... pri.""Jrdri .. anol .... oId_ .. .

10"""""", ""_""",.,. ...... i",il ;",,ioo II thii",,",";' __ '-"<""'O<1n . PU.;I;'F,"".Tu~<in~.

-' Wopjtz ..... ReilillGe! .... ~Ie.' .... ~ ...... .,thii,..r""" A.od.;., ••• II~"""l'~oIpey<l1i11try"'_ ... hM ..... l • ...... f.,....,. .... . ,.,.boI,oI.doobl<ad ... I:th"oI.lIum .. ;'m ..... ,hot 01. "'_ ..... hocI ..... ' "'h.,..,..p"";,; ....... .

'" I.,. .............. ""it< otlIet-."i ... pu';1. TIIt< . ........ ~ __ .. .,. Qw;j """"""",,did "" .. J ...... okIpn<ti<aol

_·_:"" .... <'''·' .. '1 ....... '1''' ............ "'''''''<1 ..........

:,-..;!:~=!':.!':.<=~I:::!.:::,=

l>e~ f"'"h<>ru<:i.of"",,l>e ..... ,ubje<OOd.l»'fh''''''' <lNClUf<.'ouni.olerrlljlledlOCi"lII<IlDOf" oup<r<iJioo;Cllfill& hlm"' .. 'o_ .. "'incuk>ti""i.o b' ...... f .. 'ilIa •• f~. "'-"Hi'y, l"in.lII<Il' .. iJudo' ... ..., .... """'"bo<k_oI ' .... ily 1"< . T.""h"''''th;,m<f . ...,h'''''.". .. thTell • • pwUM<It, • • " . ionol'''''''.ondhumi li...", ... '''uS<d:i.o ....... ... ....., . ... mw>'boIh 1" "",'lfU'bo""""""aod """" "iJoful pilry. AI B>c<t".PI.<luS<d . i .. il .. '«IwIlque> .afl<' baYiq .. _ .... pri""",,,"","" .. m«m""",,,hm in I7'lJ . C .... infy .... futd ......... aIly'U c( , ... ""..., .. _"""",,, "", .. lalrh<do>rIw ph~<icallr reotric1<d tII<m. 8 1M I>< """""'litutoo:! around ....... ... _""' .. "'.c(..,.. .. <""i .. th .. 'ra."fonnod ...... y'um;..., . """oIi'<'P<' .. I_rt ol I .... ' .... m..!rn." "''''' '''SI¥'.i$<d ;''

~;:,i:;7:..,"::=~·~ ~;",::;:;,,:= .::~;!; ;~dyappl""'"'anydrpart"""""""""'"" ....... ior_AII ""''''''''pb«~' .... d __ c(.doc ... ''ho ....... '' .. _

"'mocb'''''oI .... ,ap<u'ic iJ''.,.. ... ioo .. 'hal oIe<bio: .. '''!''''''i . • ioo. Wi!h' ....... y,om.I>< ......... . .... oImo .. l .ynllleois.

H""hoo-t;,,"""""'~fh .. 'h;,_D<.p"" ... ,<ryJ«-O' .. _oI

:~:~~":"~::'~ ~~::>i<~ "!,,,,~.~,,:: <i<'·'''''' . Jn .... onJinao-r"'''pi .. ~ ..... " w= .p"d.'_' ..... foo ,h< ...... ,"'"'=' ... y~<I;·<n"" .. ......,l; and .... modi< .. "" .. oI fh< ...... ..."th'OO,;"",.,.'h«.'"';,,.""""'lO deI .... _ ,i.afl~ with l!>e ..... ' mtllbpli<otioo. 01 "'opon" llId ........Oi"'. "" ..... """"OW"I'ri""""'hniqu<. f"' .... """'''' .........

:':' =:';"''='::' ~::==:= .. ~.':::. llId,ho;ool'" h,.! .... ,"" "rr«l<4".,,,,,~~oI medi<"pra<li<e>, .... pMieot .... ,ubj«-I«l., ""'w"",ond b.m.i.o_,IO,odrcol>._ ..... pl'i" . od'!>e fiben olbi.body:l>e .... i.ojc.ole<l"illl l """ bloudin_,." ,,, ...... "'fecti""d,,u ... ino;_"""'~

=,,:":~":'n '::m"""1< '" iii. '~"'ioo bj ....,..., .. vi.id

H""",=,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, .. _.W"lOoth_,,<joI .. ~;.,,jby""'pIoy>.'" "Cl'" , ... ptriod . """",I>l<o."I'byPilldoodhiJo.ocu..."..i • • pur<lyrcpr"~"'on<Imorolcon .. " . 1l><oloo_ ..... u<edOOl'o

~:!..':~::::,;.:.:~~7!:~~<~::=:= """"h""""'fJ.l.<um ..... bjocoi.l hi. ,..'ien .. .,i<:y-.

:!'<i"h<~~;':O'~::.~~:=,~i;.:~:; OoU"<oimpIylll<prodU<lof';'lonX>o.The<i&hI«.lbcenlUr}'ioad

:"==~~~:~:rt::::~= «>4_~' ...... ol<it<ui".The'""""""tlI""""",perle<oed"'" . yotomby Jiviq il ''''''''y J!'''liliwchar''''''':Al<''''l'del'''''''' .... iI<_1h< po",,,, ... _ .. rillo<f'''1<d. ", .. tilh<

=:':':~:=~.:,~:~":::: porimI· • .,... .;."""of .. ilOtion. AUIh<><m<di<oIp .... ar< .. yl __ """'oIokl~ ... bu<d"" .. _phy,;,,}.

_ .lbe ....... i,;lacti._' ..... yh>mf""noXdf«in""""""'in .... l". rinoorcprcorqoed _ .... · ·...,di<&Ii,,..;,,,, ·· of."""i.1 _oI<Xcl...,..bultlI<eooofLWoo~Ohi> · ~·II<"""oIr<Jimo

ofoocMiqu<oof ..... idlIOIIl<wcn: i:l Ih<III1IIr<:of . >ociol pteC'u· tioa . • hilo-'hod t ... <tw.:«<of · m<di<o.I_U

J' ... abo"!l>i'ti"' __ ceII<N"b<"~ .. """ .... oYCColIphcn<>m<nooo/f«!i.o;s.Ikou"''''''imoainatiooODd<l<lu· .ioo .boIhbodyond"",I . I.",< ... _kloflh< .. ylum. inth .. ....-Idol.puAiIhiII'monId'._bec""" . Jact_U.1 ..... riolly lh<biim.allIOUI • •• JllilI.ondi .. f,eedonI:rtw .. ..,... ,,,,-,.;~u.'h<dJ_ioo ,,,"*..;..;ry,andbylhatfact.f,,,

Ih<firslti .... in lh<mode .. .. "'Id,madne .. ,. .. .,«<ti,.. ... y. ,iIo>IoP:oI ............. ur< , """>l .. ir"' .. .,..B .. 'bi,""y, ..... Iof;1"'''''' ,. .. ....."y''''' . ''f'<'1"'ioJ '''''''''''l'''n«oI • ......, _u", • ...".,deepJy_opet .. io<>--anoperation by "hitA .............. iDoHrdiolh< .Y' .. mol ...... I ........ ond

~~"'to':,~;~=.=~w~.;::.: ' .. y ... <hiId.and .. ... h;:hnu.oln< ..... "asoociatedwilll .. ilI andwroo,oo;I\I . lti.lwdIY ' ''prilin.!.<h< •• IIIot .. .,.ir< p'yd''''''_JY_,i""il\l'''iIh~''I'''''',bu'i""I'''''',_ .... ..--botoverllOdb}'<h<1 _ _ thatOel ... iu

probIolnati<: <h<rdotioo.oIfre<domt<>Ihe ,,,mphui,,,,,. rho pheftomerIool .. ,.. .. ioo .OiIlbeio/""ile"""""'oIbeho.ior , _ .. ioaaOil .. il'.'.'II".-di""' ..... W>I<'<h< _oIlhe .. JKycholoJ)'··ot"""' .... i.meffiYlheresul'otrho.,.,..-obomb)' """"onolwio., .. l«IiI. N.-or'Ili'p"}'clIoIoc)'"",,,Id .. iot ... it"""'lhe...".fuilq sadil"in""i<b.i~ rl:~~:::':'''''Jooed it, und<, Ihe hypo<riri<a1_"..,..

~~ltybo;:~~=:i~:':::,,=.": tbo, ... oImod ..... thi, lintiooodoubrot""'icul.impon .........

~=~~::~~~::~~~=~~ ... ~: IhalIhe"""ibilityoIonYl"yciK>log" .. >«r«I,I>a><d. I'm." ""'bof"',.,amthat .. objo<li .... ·"' .. pJOi!i .... • ..... dmtific .. p"ycOoiosyfoomdiub~"'"'oIori,i"andi .. hooi.in"""""'P:oI ''I''ri<''''''.,,_'''' .... aI,..;.oIdUjO.,,''''''''th .. ....l<po-;bIe . p'~ o/""'p«><>n.aIi.,., ..... Il"i.or<Dd\puWoa.udot 1he.""""",,,,,,U""p'<widedlhebosi.r""P"I<:bo!of;, of -. "' .......... , ...... I"'io01 "",;Ci .. that I<doo.",)'<'I>oIouol il>I<JI~"' •. lnoU>et>o<J<dl ..... bo<_ ... p<1<IIoI""i_ .pcci<>" ""Iywm hior<llIIioo., """'",,,,mad<. p'1<hoIOU

=~~:'~~:""~~~"~~~;~~"'~'":101~= i"""""di"", .. iooolmoral . .. i,oacionmd .. ih,f"i""'ini m.od .... in ,dorion"'''''' .. ' ... of....dam<n'oIn< . .... ly • .......,""' . '''''',,, .... mIdc it_ible """",,_and tho,t<>initi."',,<lI<rall"1<hoIoJ)'

'I\io .. ~"'U_io.hi<~ ...... lkriPlO<Jl<b ........,..W"*""" __ .... o;p" ..... "' .....

=:=,;:, .. .:'w=.~.:.I.";.~ .b ...... IIoio .... " ....... oIooooIdb< .. __ • ...d<loM ...

• ho_ri .... ~io_oIIjo<ri .. _(,.'Ioo"""" .~IUId~~ooIic .. ...,...,IIiJ .... H(OII .... _" _~).n..w_ ....... """"'i<oI __ oI_· temponryP"~;,.- io "'Io ... n' .• bidl ;, ...... _ • .,._ .. Fre1i<IIRe __ wIIidoCOKelW .... · ... '-...

;.""=~::=r.:!:::::::;~:.::.:= ~.N_ ... holwb<ea""""lOdol .. ,.;.I""«Wr.,. ... w <bi<~d".dJ'

A • • ~ •• p""'ho!ouol .......... ,_""'b<..m~. -')"',,_"" .... __ .. 'Io........,._ .... ia .. WO'IO<atI)' ..... ,."'ho!ouol __ ._Io ... _ ... ..... ,."''''*'IY __ mi .... ''''''.-;.", ••• hI1i< _ ..... hoo<klO""" .. lU<b_.,.,..-.aad .... ,;, _

_ ..... _io."'iI.l>}'deflllilioo. .......... ~ .

... ~<U"' ..... II .... '"""_m"'Ir.".bo< .... ~;. :-:::!"'='~:.":b.:::='~A::..::.:~ _11d~_""'hepoi ..... _in_~Ii< ...... ..-; ..... ;, .. "l'.~_upolUMl ....... ;.,_n<Ulfelll ""' .. d_ l<JiocoIia""""""""""' ... '-... .,;"''"_II'"'' ............ ""'1.,...01" __ ...... 11"" __

,.,.,-,kw.II'arriedbod" " """,.,IKp"",lIoO>s1of ___ "'he_"".......,.01-';))_ .. ...d

"""'"Ihe_imlilyof; .. ,,;_""".boI'ho ......... ;..,of ,.'''lIoO>s1_...d''''~'101 .... '<>><nri'''._· :::':'r.:!...~"U~-",--;,the ........

I, . "'"'''' ......................... ......., 01 POY<lIoO>s1.;' _...d.i<~;,""_.oI_I;,.NrrnI.R ...... I • ...d

A ......... "Orll>!bolois""' Ili<prnnti«"' ........ ,_ .. Y. p«toop.""..w"".b""b< r_"'aII",ydooIof;y ..r ""~ lor .... rra'tnICi<ooooI'ro.toriott....;th tnadnoso.

6 Madness: An Overall Structure

WW .... jI»oboon..;d ;.noIinleDded ..... prioricriti<i,mof ""y_""""'<imorn~ .... p/o<_of _ .or'" :=~:.~~::=~~"'.=:;= =~~....::...~ .... ":-.~.::':=.: ~.::: 1"'Y"1ooIoI)',n.e.ery_oI .. -..iu.....··;. ' ... "I'!<" ... ot .. _ mpl doomedfT<>m .... """"t,Wh .. i. c.olk4 ··_ 1 ill_ .. illim¢r..t; __ .. · al;",w«l ...... .,.yd>o!<:>f:y

tho, iI~ .. melf """" poo.iM<

~===~:;::.: .. =~= ...... .;,.o:,~ "'i,,"';Jino.l l~.

A' f;,sI.;,h',i' ..... d"" __ .... ,-. iI"" "'~_

II ... i ..... ,. .... , .. , ... _ .... W ' .. I_of""' • . oI'..uin

ph<Domeo. in .. pr<l" " hi<h N><ictytK .. up.~ic.' .. """" , ..... ...,..,.,"'_"".,." .. ,'''''y .. tI'IoJ ..... ...- , '''Hdy '''' mm.io..ah,nor •• ';"ly ..... dch<s._ .. ,;"" y .. ooliOM)'p<Opit

Thereisoomethi"ll ...... m 1b".poal IO( ~iff"'no:<ono:Id<mandI diff .... Ii"ioo , l<1 UI ,void "'Yin, ,..., ~ is ... I .... """"' ...... ...... obo<""'onoldiff .... d ... bo' t.K.n.n'ilk.pri!=<>J>I;=

:=:~~ .. ~:r:.~,,~u:.i:~'":~;::~:: poo;ti",,,,IOIiOIIi •• I'<a<\j'bci"lllO<Jedinwhi<h>o<i<lypo"i< • • ~"riok . Th,,""ROII.;,...., •• lI""Ik ,,<.O! ....... oId<oIlt. 1k1 ... d ,h< ' pocolyps« , I.I>d ,h<threaI.dIkOlll«_. upeo~ ...... ~iolhi."",Id " M.'oI •• il<o'iII ... ioo

lIomwithi.,.I«,etpp i.Ih« ....... i'WCf<. Thisin ... ioni. 1hot00 .... 1""""" .~·hkhp]...., ..... 0th<._Id""Ik ...... I< .. <1 .. lhi.oo<.onoloofrow>d leveJ ... i ' .... '. , A1."""It.""""" loo,.' __ riti't.Kw"'ld ..... i'du~i<".«Iin.

::..~;:,; ;'::.;:~~:::"~ .. ~;~:';;:,t.;:~~'": ..... .,bo ... <adjo .... itIIoutOlJflnowiq.lh<ilfllnworkl,n.;. .n« .... i •. ombi, ....... p"rlen'"'h" .. Io,, •• ~OIIJI"O<'4"'r<>idr ot'h<."'h< .. oIth<I.",; li ..... """' . .. ilhHIe""'l'moolloodo

~'S;~~~dS:s~~:~:=_~ &mi<·afF..._, n.6r"is""'h<'J"'boh<.~i ..... 01 mooIno .. ""' .... .".,."""""'projo<1ionoI.<leluoionolimqi· olllioto; i' i ..... p"rcepri<Jn 01 , ....,.Id,.ffi<im~f "" .. "'.-'

;:=r;=;'i:;'"Ih~'~h~~::~=":~~:;: ,aIut;"'Ihc''''''''''''l'led<h<",ill~iII.wO)'tlww .. ".,,, irOAi.;th&otr.p; , Roo,.,..""""""".,i«<li'o<H .. brio, d""Ii<_""'<Ii'l""","";oIi""I"~ lboua;hlitt<lf .. io< ,-' i' ..... I!\Od:it"""'Jht;,l ..... ,.,.. i' toe"~; i''''''"''''i ... lf ri&h_ •. ono:Ii' ..... in ...... ;knowkO"kO""""' .... """""-'

::;~:w::~~W~;.;: '~= .... ~,b<~:::"..: Itenai .... n<.::not ... ~"'k .. ptayd,<ea>oo .... '~ito

lioIi ... bo1the ................... ,isly ....... _ ..... ly_pIIy ol._ ..... pIayo ioo v-r_the_

... pl4s<Ibo-.....o<Iol1he .. ~,.-..I.pn.n;oi.,. ••• pcrieroooo.-..-..lOtirllshopodw ...... oIIuo!l'''''''''orti<u-1ored. ~ ...... poIiliY<ondne<o

~':!~::'bX~£:::,:::;:..~ ... .-III<re:._ Iovd ol _irllbopbt""""" .. ol _ ._ the ..... ""-"""'bepool_holt>e<o .,..;por.uy~_ .. IboDiff ....... Ibo I ....... U""'_. I' io """_mcnIsi",~ic"""'OK.....,.:Ionddel ..... ""","io~ pIoy; ___ OIIdlllltheriroolsol ... d .. iooo ...... =1

n.o..ucI .. _ ... y ..,. ooconIi .. "' diff ..... fype.oI<11lture: _opb;o" __ ( ... _ I-...._i« ... i • • IIi<~ the .. dlff<f<>O< ..... I;.,.eo_. oo_. r .... miloo .". y 1romthevillat<I._.r ....... aboo.( .. ilr""' __ .... illt

Ill<irpr...."ol .... rn .... aO ..... OnpIypoO<rllial ....... _. l<or<oely_,"""the_( .... .. ly ..... ~ -, ~tocIiaol .. porOfioor _ •• fr.....-lr""the_

::~~.~~~.,'~_~·i==.:.'::~;;::: irl f ..... . . omIoaol ..... I;,.-.,.._-'oho .. .rI""the diviotiaC""oloocial __ irIf;IOIboI .... ol • .r .. ion..t

~. Wboothe_dtiol:.lleiodiaposiq-.. ... pbeDomeooool ......... itilthe • • _oI l1tio fllrabold _ _ ru...,_._b.jodpt.<oo. Eoo:b<uI ..... Iouir> ...... _._.....r_witlltlle<Gdipotioooollltal.""u,,,

==~y:"..:!i::.."':..u:,~':'=: =:7:=~~.,.::~=.t . .:.':'=f:,:

= .... ilylink<drothcoc."",,,,ollD<dicalootlOCiou.' ••• "thc ~maybel"'lfecllylerollniudandi_,ye''''' .. oo pr<Cioe~.I ... ' ..... " .. 'ke<.,.,i" "-"P<be("",1h< "i.....,.""''''' .... , 01 ~,~:."~1iI :'~'~"!ru;eolo=':'~':':':.:::::::: '""'mMl.Inp!".",·d.yh.-.thep«>pOtti<Jn oltnadme,,'""'C"

~:";~::,bC:' == .. ~:!'~;:::~~:=:.~ in ' .... thc"""iol Jroup(bukoll)· th<f""ily) is il."".b .. ol i""'II'''';''' ",<y ... oI _<J>Ii .. Ih<<I<,w.'i'''""",~i,,,bon Of.imply .. ".. .. ""'fromtbefamily i.immedi ... ,y <l<IIWIdod. ' n Japu.on the".h,,,b.od,the'nY;""""""' ;.muc"III".","''''' _""<pd.oIi1>t;"" " , .. 'ruonbci ... lh<nd,. One 01 the".."y rea..,.,.tiI>tlo""'.tbe" .... " .. ",,., .. ,,""""'Europeuo .. y ....... ""ri .. ...... od .... iou.<'i~istbattbelev<lol ' ... ifIt<v>li"" """".oItht.,,.iroom<"".lh>lt""'y, ... i"' ........ 't tho, .... >O<id, bocomeom"'h"'o,, 'oIe<ao"hanioordinU)"'im ......... n

II ;~::=::!'~':=-'=:~::';:;':;:':_ol <om<inu,"".ot"' ........ thea""""""" . """IInitiOllolill .....

~::.::'A~"'"':'~;':':i"'':: :~,!",:,~:'~'':'::::!. o«< ..... ' ... 4i"illction_.m ....... ol'hebodylOflo1 ill ....... "llh<mind; ".<),poth<:>lop,.'r"""in""'V<d ..... iDbi!~iIy And t ... "' ......... ""uf.poY"""""''''''''cy .. illp!oo_ • .. """'Kri<oot_,.,;.",.th".""" ...... ~. rnUe p<>tlil>l<, ...

~;;::.:~ '";:.~ic:~ anJ~ ~-;:ledf I:'''''~~ '" ... Ia,...h<:>IoD " «,mlDOll.." h<,,,",,""""i .... _pbenom<tll i'_, ... "lyJO'"<m • . Th;,theo«t;.,ol ....... i"'ionoimen .. ,il~ ....... bowIdop"';O' . .. "" .. 'yOl<molpro<'i<.",the"', .. i ... "" ,~the rnedkal ... ,WDrk,thc'Y'l<mol<l<'O<Iio" odproph)luis, ,h<')'f>< 01 • ..;""",,,. lhodi",iburionol ,,,,, ... ,".IhocrilO"' ol

coce ..... <l<finiDoool .... pari<o ... ,iviJiocapo<iIy ... oIhilpmll ine~Iity,I. "'"" . .... _ ... oIP"_"'"'d<I" ........ ~1i!.oI ...... _"'· li· .. 1<Xi<t)'

ll.-_pnrt ... _....-<I.r_~oIa1I""'~ • ... "'_by.IO<i<fy .. iIIl .. prd"'lhi . .... jot~oI.". t......._.~11.~""""'""i .. dmHon,.bcoorn<. _ ... UJ ..... M<I-.wIIIi ..... n.o~.,y"""'_ lhoIIkJaI..,bou.ow...oIootisto .. y. ,haI""""""by...;,i<:h. ,ohu",_"'._ilKlf.pooiti><ly."""'~i'

=:.~":==~~:"~:;:'~ __ ..... ond"'jo<:a.~ .. _._loI .. IU.""' ........ pi< 01-..1 1llao .... i1Ilall .... """1U ...... "...."..tIII'ou,

,.=I::-;~~:.", ... ~01"'" 1attct·.«J<nO,_J!l i .... """"i .. tsp<d.iI ... w.iofonlilo __ ""or<boi< l""""oI .... poroonoIily. B.'._i_ iJ __ "' _ .. __ ...... --,.......,.,oI 'l>epo<~aI

oocIl .... llorip>_ If"'".....x.. .. cllildhoo<IiJ,....;t:~"' _.'iJ..,moceIy .... elfO<.1.Lo.orde< f<Jf Ui ... il<beho.ioo.. b<."".,.,"' .... pobon'.I"'iK~ .. b<"'p«led .. .. inedI>:ibl<podIol<>Ji<all"' •• lO<io1ym ...... abliJh . .... ,.. _ .... indi.i<luoI·.preoentM<lpooOlhaI''"'"''M<I ... ,,''''' bo"""....r;._ .. ""inI<sn<o .... _oooIybyf""'iqit '" d~_A""lIIiJis".,..;aly . f ..... "'o/ .... '"".<YI .... wr.. •. ...;IIIRoo ..... ondhsulloai ...... ilhtee .. h<erlbry _i_with""""-...r"''''''<hiloI .... i'''~ NIeotbotlol_ loiode..r_ •• _JcItbo<wooldbo odapoed

:=.it": !;.'"..!::= r.::' .:!":,on~n:~; world. 1k """ledevdopmeJl1o/"",_orytdu<atioo .witb i .. in.....,..:hobI.imol~""',hiklf"""_confIi,,'. ~""'_tbo<_ ..... Ior.""".hlsm . ... clIikI

::.~: ::::~ r.~~ :i.f~t::;::::.=~ _ionaI;"";tulK>m • • ,.'tuI, do<.noI proj«;< in ,ooI;'y

;~;i~:E.~t~~::~=To~~~t=:.: :;~d!=R::'~O:z:.:.::;Z:',::::,,':.'.~ .,'.,;a,iooaI """""';.m oltho Weinw Repoblic). oneuMonUn60 ''''''t; •• riun,andpatholoJ;;" ..... g""i ... ,''''p''''ible oo'y ... pn . aU<..". thottbe,,,,,,;pty,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,IIatooci.ol,,,,,,,,,oo ""'peo-mil ''''' ...omi' .. '''''of '''''p ... ' ;.''''''''poeo<n!, ........

=~·:~~::::~:::~~=2 1 .... """'m.:..""h<>k>sic.lroro.. .. '''''",.";.;t ... i''' ... '''''ieIy.

::::..: :':='~::;;"'7';:';~:~~~i;:""~~,~.7=~ i" reo' ".. ..... ,.i'~ ." innn-;e,. caDb<"od. The .. m<";I~' b< .. ;.;of ,.' ..... I <I<"'~t;re' i,.,.., <I< I., .... ,.,.j"''''''j,

:;;y~:' =::, ::;;::..'7'!~,-:..~": ::,~","= """!orm<". Iti, "",tIlII,etil""' i,4e'.,""''' ''''no'''",,,,,'I1o' tbeiDdj.idu.I.t>eyoodl"<><'Hby"lls;iOII.~,hi>mon '.'I'<"p<1<"""".,.I"';I,·.· 8.,reli,.,.,<I<,,,,, ... ,,.I.,,,,,;.., oIlhe"".IoriUlliOll 01 ,.I1We: re';,ion may t>e the objoco 01 <l<r...,.., t>eIie/i.ooI .... ' h<c.I .. "o/ . """""" .... I""pcrmi ..

~'~i~~~~~=.::.:;;~:::;:.::::.:;,~~ ilt>eIoq ""'""",i .. ic<l<Iu.K>o •• thohall""i""""Y " perieraoi oppaoi,,,-. ono;I''',.i<I<.""o/,,,,, "' • .......,... .. , .. , .. ,,.., :":;:..":~;:~=:;;:.:::~;:~~ i. 'b ... f ... ;".oonflic'ofc.''''' ........... oach marl<edby.

~.I _ ...... ol m, ""'~<fi...,"'h;""kolon, ...

~=aII~~:b~,:=;,,~,:::-,-= oItbepoy<holOlklli di ..... """oI ilI .... . p,.yclIoonalysi. b.pIacod .""'oripol_-'1k ... <·_1"~i<o.l··

_.OI,h<I_iot.oI .. ytl!olon("th< i...-. ... "", ",yths. "Fr<lI<Ihi.,,,K .. id),bctwuolh< lif<m,,;,,.;,ondlh<

==,;,~~:,:,~1<.7::::':::'oi~=~.~ coaf-.d .. Ill< prol>ie"" !I ill_liod •• privi!<p;! """" 01 ""1""....,.ialhD_,...<.Orn.sol oonttodi<1<xy""' •. ~i. _ _ th<.Iome"'.oIth<"""'odklioo.,.i""'apot<ol . .. .. ~·

_of-'1i<1. i.lhe bum.oo """"""' ..... ,bu"imply h« .. .. """moh .oI""".oomodicl .. y • • I"f'oen«,n.. "",ioI"lo""". th>t_nnioe'CIII"""in lh< f""" oI ~Iioo , ... pIoitalion 11""9 ,i.alry. or cl.., ""'UI<.oIl" .... . n"perie"""oIhi>

~;:..~-:,::::==,~=,,:!y:::'~, tlw'oq/lnel.rive ( .. boldepentleJtu,lh< low.oI ro<.Ie"". tIl>t

::.~:::::::: ~:oo,,:.f::=:I~m';::::: form 01 ,bote I ...... , 'h< uni •• ..at.ity of O<OfIOIIIk . od oocioi litW """<,lmnlO"""'Ini",.i.""'_kl •• folh<dond....:i"'m.h romt2>OO oipifi<aOion i.th< ~"""' ,I'tt}' ..... bu, tIti ..... ifu _ 'ioot ... y.,., t.: tI>otoloo.'il ity . ....:i ", .. foti><,I""" ... y_""" ~::b';" ':''';;~=i~'~!':",~~i~':~:':= <o.bo'""" .. i""bof_ ....... "". in"'~hhi.""'iol "loI"""

~':,'::::.;=t~~:-=01";';;;;:~~"'~~~7 ::....:~~·ii~""'~=~·.;,~=1,.:i~ 'hild dotooOOlhi .... HbriD. "' .. Io .. _!o&""'''bind. lUmlo hl, (IOr<nI>,h< ...... ilooIy ;" th< oduh _Id.>p«u>«l by,h< OIIi_"'P-<n .. ..;,.,implid'lydil<O"<r inlh<itoWllb<b.Yi<x

tbeoldlh<m<"'"th<lif,oIciliWmli.tbe&alhof_ MorCO'ffl,ili.""""'i<I< .. "..,Fr< .... r<fl«1;"IOIItbel><W'*" oI ..... .-ldht><di""',«<d .... «>ua"'".,iJ:hI ' .. 'I><'i" ilUIillC' .i"whi<h'beol<lEur_opIi"';'m"'tbe.~ "."'f)' .· .. "ill .. preS><d •• tk ... ilarin<' ... hi<hiotrod"""" ...,

~;=.~~":;::~;;:::::,::,.:~~,.;io",,;= i. F"' ... • . ... in.inl.O'-, ,ot,"". OWClOhw, ..... "p<ri<n<inl"

=E~~:::i:hS~~:::;~~:=t~! """","'".I'>yd"qi>l>r.."",&lIed"'i, ,,p<ria>ce ·'ombi .. 1co<e··andh..-,,,,,,nil .. . ,,,,,rri<''''i. ,,i''''''.Am)fhoqyboi''

",:' .. ~=;;:'~"._.in'bei''''''''''''''''''',''' dni""", •• n;q.., """""","'U .. potll<>loP<.I....,.r.j,...:I 'hi.

:!~:~:'~~'~ ~'::!.':"=';i= I"i .. ", " .. Id" ", ... hi<h ,l><pot"n' " iII>do-.w, .. r .. ."of""

_."')' .. i>t'oc<oIf-..yoaddd...,.,wlho_ldof """"'oiottowhicbl>ei,<Iooo!to<!U\'OIi",.--...t;thi' '''"',odkoo.yl''ojoctiootwooldo«mIDt><''''''o/'beOMalOi.'

:"..:;~:'"'":.:: ~':.;,~"',:::,:~~: =';;".d,! "'''''''iniw ... '' ......... i'nottll<m.,i''''' ... 'ityof .

:-:"'=~:';=~~ ':;~~:;:~ .. ~,~::::,:...,~":.:: tioo> ,h" it 0.. ..... ri .. "'. If ,I>< '"""'-I.,wj<tlod .. ,1>< Ion, .. ,. oI""""""impri"""th<."."_~ th"projw' i<,i'~""

=.:~~ ... it .. lti~=:~~~~~~; :=~:a;':~~~t:~=m~:':::~

morbid ..... ldin""'ich.~" . ... i"""" __ i>.i .. i'. tlI<

...... "' .. c., .... ,Ili." lot it io "" by lrisIIinI '0 eoctp< it tbat""" _ beyood ... ,ity. A " .. ,clell h .. _S&idabou'ootl"mpo<-1It}'_ .. .,.di"_.,. ... itl. , ... "",ld'" ,"" """hi"" ood

'hod;,.app->ro«old"""" lfloc'i"" ""1Iionsbe',. ........ . Thi. _ioni.,,,,,_ .• trooonc . andi,i,oo,,,,,idt: .. ,,,,,roday ""'_id_ld tUe'''"''''''''''''' .. ut«ol • ......:ddi.whkh _ ....... k ,,,iotIobty tldodes ""'oontin""" •• pot>O>J>e.i,yol'b< all«tivem •. Bu, i, ...,.ldbe ... ord" A ylhl1 tbo,kk man mochi.i=n;,,,otldhca""''''projo<1 • • ,,,hizoplucnk_l<!i • ... hit;b "" is loot; i, ;" evc •• ",,..,Io " y that b< i.,,,,hiloph=oiot

~"'::'~':::ot:YIn"l:~,':::':'':;=!= 1"""" .... tak • • ptacoi.h;" I .. I ........ "".hc , .. ""'fCOO"'i'" .. yb""""'.li."'* .~licll ... io thtprodU<"""'O!hi.octl.iI}'

~n~..:::1<":7"'~·=~a:0<:..';~"'~ cultutotbot<n&te •• potboJoiicalfotmlikel<hiroplreni._ibl<, ,.nanl<' in , real worki.hci"h"""b.<k"l""" " poi " "

:::.:~~ =~=~ :is'%~ :'::':::~~.':':': """ldin"hich hoi.iI«inI .. bi,fll<. 'T1w;"'"''''I''''''y"",,1d

:::.::~~.::.:~:.:c::':';";;:=;~ suclI''''rthat"""hitn",ll c",""" ,"""",izrhim.dlhim io;'

?:".:~"'=::: '::'=;:'::::~:-;;~:icS::: ' TOlUmup.i,milhtt>< S&id , ... tI"'r>ychol<>a;iclf di.., • • ion,'"

:".::!:.::.'~,:;,.w::"~u::;"":''';Yb.~= .... _ .. b ....... ""oi>. inn:lorion ",indi.idu. I,I")'<"""'lic.1 hiNo<y.in "","," .. ""'r""",o!",~.B"'.if"""i.", .. oid ~",""b .. y'hi<. ,,,-,plMaOiM< .. tbe .. ol.'iotIo/psr· <IIoIo$i<aI""""_.,be 'l>«>t)'ol""""""O<"'<io""i"OO..............,·on< .... ,_ "'vro1h<oo..nou· ......... "' ... · t.oIOU.

"" " "'''''''P<aIro..n.. hl taet,i,,,,,,,.,ioMlot)''''''' ''''''<aII _,lIl<ooI<oon=' •• pOOrjlrooo_"",. ,", ;U..,.._ • .mh , ...... pt)' ............. of .. poosObiJ;'l<; .. ...,....".tipneo

L "._ ..... _ ........... , ... .. , .. _ .... ......- _ __ ..... , ""',..,_ .. tN .... _OOO ...................... .. , .. ~.....,. ,..- ...... ~ ... - , ... "" .. ..,.- ......... ...

Conclusion

' '''' .. ~_td~ .,'''''pII~...:I_ ~"-~ .... lalillllets"'l0_ """"";"1O<"IIniqu<o"'''''. 1,;, """hatpoydlopo/llololi< .. ..... ytIIt ;'IDII""" •• , ...... rocoo"' ... p.."' ...... ,"""" ~_ .... pIIyoiolouaf .... <betap/loli<cenoen...:l IIoeWtqUl-, ......... ""..,.; .. I~, ......... _inctaO ... ~that _ "" .. ,~.-smc., ....... ly. __ . '" B_ and _ *""lIt .......... ~ '" I'O)'<boanoI)1i< ... ....,."""ldbc..,.p..,""""'hc.-nr,.S., .. ilho:f

~-:.~o:;!:":~=~ .. ~.: ............... Ak<r __ ~ .... ""',)'< ....... ''''''''' B.oylediooo_""'_ilx,......,af,.....por .. y,;, .-) _loirlyl_··deI .. _"' .. _·· .. IlI<iaitiol ...... af~;,.~._ .. iDdo ... k.oow.....,.~i.~y.

~::"'-:J'I~"':.!j~:':-';'h":

:=:!..~~~!.~:..:~~=;i,<onIy ~ithin 'Ib<1"Y""""'-i< .. d_ioo.ot .......... ,_.""''''''''''.bo

di",;.-doa""'''"''''oI . ~oI.>pIaI>alioo'''_ioo

~=~-;.~::n~~7;~~.:=:=~;;',::;':.: "" .... ""'-n&<dY".,, .... . S<t.fmm .. mo .. """"'...,Io, dI;. "" .. i"" is "'" l"Y"iIoIof;y in ~·hi<h I>< h>.! "", . 'i"" 01 ru. .. ""' ........ ',Olu'holhi.prO:le,and"""'oIhi'abililylOf"' . .. >«11f""" ........ "",I<.;,i,Ihe'n" .... ""' •• in tbol ..... .,, lno"l«IJe.oI . H"""' l"fdtoIt>~"".p" ... "_oIi11 ..... ''''''h. Il<IIIIe».irotlieaf,and~ihveolall .. lf"""""iou ..... and"J

=:~-=I:!"~':!',:.~:=:,"';'",~w!:,,:~I0~:~ ~:,~:'..::,;;' th< luod"",,""1 po,M ... ""',ho i, him .. lftbo

'IlIi, ",I".",. which i. t'" plli~,"""'ical I'""'<Ia<.",oIallpoo sibl<p,yc""""'~."""ldbe""ilI«l onl~"om."""i<u""_ inth<bi,"ryolou,d,ilizalio.:"""""""", .. wtoich"" ",, ..

;:=::~~::';nJ~:=;t~~ oI .. 'u ... tl!.o,;,"' .. ~.'pro< .... ,;.""i .. ..,""'._ .... irin ... <I<I<,,,,ini.m, whii<fuedom.boboeom<,,,,,,,,,,,oI nat\1f<.huri" ,bo..,..., oI,o«"" """ . ."inali< .. t.I<",,"",,,,oI",,,,,,, . And ..... i_oI ... i., plO«d""""' tbo , " .. Jivid< o/!l>< ! • ..,., and inth<Ji= .... dI"ili .. u." .... d.be< . .... "th< ...... l ofhi,

=:~;..~.=,;:t~=.;.~.:;:.::~~ =";.i'·"..,~;=~:':::,: only ~·bon_.Iu.J .'"'od~"""'m"l<udand<'''u<I«Ifrom 'lI<dc .... . AnJ"h< •• inhj:htnin, n"""" .nd <Yi<l.i''''''f'I)eO< •.

..... N<rvoI<><Anaud , Nl<t<l<b< <><_',it 10 ",)'CboIotytllo,

.. m.' .. ';\e.' . ~.""""doi>""".""",_.

~m;~:"""::::::,"~:='~~~~~

SOIojE DATES 1"1 'fHE IiISTOAV OFPSVCHIATAV

.-19] ~;!_pkY'''''''",''''''' '''''''''''''i'''''''''''of

lOll "~VLE·'_. R"·.",Jo"'.",,_,,,,_,(deI_.

00001 .......... "''''')

I.-:J "~ll.lARG[R'_I .. ~_ .. _~J'fw' " "'A<;KSON.o-.....iMUci.'" lI19J<RAEPEUN. uJo_*,P,_. lt90MAGNAN.t..j./;",,,,,,.,,,,,,, .. ,19) n~UJ;R""FRO;UO.S-., .. H,,,.n. l ""'JANEl". L·_·_",~ ... .. '_ FREUO.··."'Y",oI.""""", ... Fi ... V • .,.QId..,, ·· 1 .... 1lE<:O. ·· ... "...,.A_N"".oo .. A __ ""

""""'''' . C ... 01 ... -.·· (· ·",. <; ... ''''''' ...... · ·\ '911"lEVL£R."""._Iff<c"" ... lIKo,.".,,,""~oi&o-19 IJ J.SPUS.Gt...-.lP,~_11

'92IFR[(JO.B.,.... ... P/'., ... ""oripI, '916.AVW~.C" •• /i"·_R</f' ... ' ... , ... _o/ ...

P>"'ioIo,;, ... ,.""'''' .... C".-C..". •.

- ,"Theo:nsooosness~thepabenlhasotllosilnessi$ SIf~~,onginaI,'*"'->gctlO.Jklbef\'lOf'lillU IIIMllhe>l?)'ttlol....onessillSiIf'IilhessltiatlSLIrIIIWMlIof ilsellillSsuch;thedistb:ebet-.tI'IoansaDllSllOS$ "'Iho<lD!:lor~thec:onsciousnessoilhepot .... Mt COfT"O'I'Il!fISmtwiltllhatbetlWl!!nlheknowiedgeond iQrlCl<analOIthellne$$.Thet\oclofisnolOOthesode <Jfruth. possISSO:lOalthekrowledgo ....... lheilhess andlfle~isnoloolhesdeollheilness. ignonnI'" ~ ....... ~. irlcludinGitsWlye>isllna!,Thopa!Jent re:ognizesl'lls~ond~oovesr.m • .-_the_ oI""~dilletmotseparall1glWnlmmthe~ andlheCOOS<:lOlNleSSot<llhell" The.q;"_ i'lem"'Jll"l$I;ndIlNessq.,licatlOl1toilsomslobwrll

=:_Of ll'leessentilll~Of

Thil.semiI'III,Nrtt_"'~ .. ~1O ~h1s~illSlti'ttnIo!<,l'o\"iIteflll1 ~aoorevtSed"l962. ~lbssald~ i!eWlemstheshol'llNl(lO;:alrlftl r. FoucauII'sIlloughl duringl!li$penodPMIlretecls~Arty~ .. freudlll'ldthe~tr1ditJoo,~oI FreOO,~isSlillco:!l!!lldngwiltlfrN:l'silbra PaI1I1,~inl!l6.2' ~''''''''''d'wIgoif1 fou::UI~trriing_~lhehlsloryolmDless'" sociajnlaill,.Qjcoostrua,behasFlllJlOOOJooISldoIlllthe ~lr1IIiIJor1i11olhe_Cl~OQUe"'FrM ltIOI_IOIIomio:1aePlilIllef..,...

~ __ lf)(/~IS"~o:Ioo.Jrnom tn.r:injltheinlllloctuaje'lUJbonDithis"""""'ial lh;nbrA /ofe¥oooj~II\ItIertClr~,o;:o.1lf\horofMidlti~, 8t¥nIStruc:t.niismirldHermwltuics(1982I,$llWtes theboolc wit~intheerobrecorwsolfoucaJl't~....n.

foucault 1987 mental illness and psychology

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