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Forty Years Later, Does it Still Exist?

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Post Civil War1865

• End of war brought legal rights to African Americans on national level– 13th Amendment– 14th Amendment– 15th Amendment

• Legal rights were not enforced

“Separate and Unequal”

• Jim Crow Laws• Poll taxes• Fear and intimidation

African Americans rights are nullified through legal means on state and local levels

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Legal Cases to Challenge Segregation

• Plessy vs. Ferguson– 1896– Separate but equal facilities

• Brown vs. Board of Education– 1954– Overturned separate but equal– Integrated schools in

Little Rock, Arkansas

State Law vs. National Law• Little Rock Crisis• Governor of

Arkansas ignored Brown vs. Board of Education

• President Eisenhower sent in National Guard troops to enforce law

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Martin Luther King• 1955• Launched modern

Civil Rights Movement

• Sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest for violating Jim Crow law on public bus

• Led Montgomery Bus Boycott

• Non-Violent Protest

Nonviolent Protest

• Types– Sit-ins– Boycotts– Marches

• Popular with young, idealistic students– African American– White

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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

• 1960• North Carolina• Formed as a result of student-led sit-in• Organized Freedom Rides

throughout deep south• Wanted media coverage in hopes of

bringing national attention to their cause

Birmingham Protest

• 1963• Massive • Organized by King• Thousands of African Americans involved, including

children• Nonviolent actions met with various forms of violence

– Club beatings– Police dog attacks– Water cannon

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March on Washington

• Violence in Birmingham shocks the country

• Convinces JFK to endorse Civil Rights Movement

• Various Civil Rights groups organized a march on Washington

• August, 1963• More than 200,000 people attend• Highlight of event was, “I Have A

Dream” speech

Civil Rights Act• 1964

• Signed by President Lyndon Johnson

• Bill outlawed– Discrimination based

on race, nationality, or gender

– Segregation

24th Amendment

• 1964• Outlawed poll tax• Prevented states

from voting laws contrary to federal laws

• Prompted various Civil Rights groups to begin voter registration drives

AssignmentDue Monday

PROJECT: A bumper sticker.

MESSAGE: Combating racism and prejudice.

We all know that racism and prejudice exist in our society, but unfortunately, we tend to ignore it. For

this project you are being asked to get the message out by designing a bumper sticker that makes a

statement about the importance of understanding and appreciating the differences of race, beliefs, and

gender.

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