formulation and evaluation of herbal gel for anti

Rizwan et al World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

wwwwjprnet Vol 9 Issue 1 2020

1182

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL GEL FOR ANTI-

ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY

Mohammad Rizwan Ul Haque Sakshi R Yadav Dr Dinesh M Biyani

Dr G S Bhoyar and Dr Milind J Umekar

Department of Pharmaceutics Smt Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy Kamptee-441002

Nagpur Maharashtra

ABSTRACT

The aim of present investigation was to evaluate anti-rheumatic

activity of two herbs (Commiphora mukul and Boswellia serrata) and

to formulate a topical gel dosage form Boswellia serrata dry extract

65 was collected from the Konark Herbals and Health Care and

Commiphora mukul dry resin was collected from Local Market

Nagpur The evaluation of crude drug and the re-successive solvent

extraction of resin was carried out Development of gel was done by

using carbapol 934 and PEG 400 From the result of preliminary

phytochemical screening of extract it was observed that the fractional

product of Commiphora mukul resin contained triterpenoids and

sterols The result obtained from present work indicated that the entire

drug was uniformly distributed and there was no precipitation in

formulation It was observed that the formulation was stable at

different temperatures and exhibit good percentage spread by weight that would assure the

skin application From the present work it was concluded that it is possible to formulate the

herbal gel for anti-arthritic activity by using Commiphora mukul and Boswellia serrata The

results showed that the content of Gel components had significant effect on their physical

rheological and in vitro drug release characterization

KEYWORDS Rheumatoid arthritis commiphora mukul boswellia serrata herbal gel

resins joint pain

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8084

Volume 9 Issue 1 1182-1219 Research Article ISSN 2277ndash 7105

Corresponding Author

Mohammad Rizwan Ul

Haque

Department of

Pharmaceutics Smt

Kishoritai Bhoyar College

Of Pharmacy Kamptee-

441002 Nagpur

Maharashtra

Article Received on

24 Oct 2019

Revised on 14 Nov 2019

Accepted on 04 Dec 2019

DOI 1020959wjpr20201-16390



1183

1 INTRODUCTION

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic multisystem disease of unknown cause Though the

most prominent manifestation of RA is inflammatory arthritis of the peripheral joints usually

with a symmetrical distribution its systemic manifestations include haematologic

pulmonary neurological and cardiovascular abnormalities RA is a common disease having

peak incidence in 3rd to 4th decades of life with 3-5 times higher preponderance in females

Approximately 20 of patients develop rheumatoid nodules located over the extensor

surfaces of the elbows and fingers About 80 of cases are seropositive for rheumatoid factor

(RF) However RF titres are elevated in certain unrelated diseases too such as in viral

hepatitis cirrhosis sarcoidosis and leprosy Advanced cases show characteristic radiologic

abnormalities such as narrowing of joint space and ulnar deviation of the fingers and radial

deviation of the wrist

Etiopathogenesis Present concept on etiology and pathogenesis proposes that RA occurs in

an immunogenetically predisposed individual to the effect of microbial agents acting as

trigger antigen The role of super antigens which are produced by several microorganisms

with capacity to bind to HLADR molecules (MHC-II region) has also emerged I

Immunologic derangements II Trigger events

The proposed events in immunopathogenesis of RA are

In response to antigenic exposure (eg infectious agent) in a genetically predisposed

individual (HLA-DR) CD4+ T cells are activated

These cells elaborate cytokines the important ones being tumour necrosis factor (TNF)

interferon (IF) interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6

These cytokines activate endothelial cells B lymphocytes and macrophages

Activation of B-cells releases IgM antibody against IgG (ie anti-IgG) this molecule is

termed rheumatoid factor (RF)

IgG and IgM immune complexes trigger inflammatory damage to the synovium small

blood vessels and collagen

Activated endothelial cells express adhesion molecules which stimulate collection of

inflammatory cells

Activation of macrophages releases more cytokines which cause damage to joint tissues

and vascularisation of cartilage termed pannus formation



1184

Eventually damage and destruction of bone and cartilage are followed by fibrosis and

ankylosis producing joint deformities

Fig 11 Pathogenesis of RA

Morphologic Features The predominant pathologic lesions are found in the joints and

tendons and less often extra-articular lesions are encountered

Articular Lesions RA involves first the small joints of hands and feet and then

symmetrically affects the joints of wrists elbows ankles and knees The proximal

interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints are affected most severely Frequently

cervical spine is involved but lumbar spine is spared



1185

Histologically the characteristic feature is diffuse proliferative synovitis with formation of

pannus The microscopic changes are as under

1 Numerous folds of large villi of synovium

2 Marked thickening of the synovial membrane due to oedema congestion and

multilayering of synoviocytes

3 Intense inflammatory cell infiltrate in the synovial membrane with predominance of

lymphocytes plasma cells and some macrophages at places forming lymphoid follicles

Fig 12 The characteristic histologic features are villous hypertrophy of the synovium

and marked mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate in synovial membrane with

formation of lymphoid follicles at places

4 Foci of fibrinoid necrosis and fibrin deposition The pannus progressively destroys the

underlying cartilage and subchondral bone This invasion of pannus results in

demineralisation and cystic resorption of underlying bone Later fibrous adhesions or even

bony ankylosis may unite the two opposing joint surfaces In addition persistent

inflammation causes weakening and even rupture of the tendons

Extra-Articular Lesions Nonspecific inflammatory changes are seen in the blood vessels

(acute vasculitis) lungs pleura pericardium myocardium lymph nodes peripheral nerves

and eyes But one of the characteristic extra-articular manifestations of RA is occurrence of

rheumatoid nodules in the skin Rheumatoid nodules are particularly found in the

subcutaneous tissue over pressure points such as the elbows occiput and sacrum The centre

of these nodules consists of an area of fibrinoid necrosis and cellular debris surrounded by

several layers of palisading large epithelioid cells and peripherally there are numerous



1186

lymphocytes plasma cells and macrophages Similar nodules may be found in the lung

parenchyma pleura heart valves myocardium and other internal organs

There are a few variant forms of RA

1 Juvenile RA found in adolescent patients less than 16 years of age is characterised by

acute onset of fever and predominant involvement of knees and ankles Pathologic changes

are similar but RF is rarely present

2 Feltyrsquos syndrome consists of polyarticular RA associated with splenomegaly and

hypersplenism and consequent haematologic derangements

3 Ankylosing spondylitis or rheumatoid spondylitis is rheumatoid involvement of the

spine particularly sacroiliac joints in young male patients The condition has a strong HLA-

B27 association and may have associated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel

disease anterior uveitis and Reiterrsquos syndrome

Present Therapy

The goal of rheumatoid arthritis treatment now aims toward achieving the lowest possible

level of arthritis disease activity and remission if possible minimizing joint damage and

enhancing physical function and quality of life The optimal treatment of RA requires a

comprehensive program that combines medical social and emotional support for the patient

It is essential that the patient and the patientrsquos family be educated about the nature and course

of the disease Treatment options include medications reduction of joint stress physical and

occupational therapy and surgical intervention[34]

Pharmacological Strategies

NSAIDs

Corticosteroids

Methotrexate

Hydroxychloroquine

Sulfasalazine

Leflunomide

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitorsmdash etanercept adalimumab and infliximab

T-cell Costimulatory Blocking Agentsmdashabatacept

B cell Depleting Agentsmdashrituximab

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Receptor Antagonist Therapymdashanakinra



1187

Other Immunomodulatory and Cytotoxic agentsmdash azathioprine cyclophosphamide and

cyclosporine A

Treatment during pregnancy

Reduction of joint stress

Surgical approaches

Proposed Therapy

Herbal medicine provides another approach for treatment of RA and currently a number of

medicinal plants are under scientific evaluation to develop a novel drug There is a dire need

to investigate the complete therapeutic potential and adverse effects if any of these herbals

for providing newer and safer treatment options with minimum side effects

The proposed therapy represents the combination of the following two herbal medicines for

treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in gel form

Commiphora mukul (Guggul)

Boswellia serrata

Skin as a drug delivery target[22 23]

Human skin is essentially composed of two major layers an outer unvascularized epithelial

layer (the epidermis) which contains a rich supply of capillaries sweat glands nerves

sebaceous glands and hair follicles that are supported by connective tissue

Epidermis

It is the outermost multilayer of the skin Its thickness varies depending on number of cells it

contains and its position on the body The multilayered epidermis varies in thickness ranging

from about 08 mm on the palms and soles to 006 mm on the eyelids The different layers of

the epidermis represent the different stages of differentiation of stem cells migrating towards

the surface



1188

Fig 13 Component of the Epidermis and Dermis of Human Skin

Moving downwards the epidermis is made up of five layers

Stratum corneum (horney layer)

Stratum granulosum (granular layer)

Stratum Malphigion (spin sumpigment layer)

Stratum granulosum (basal layer)

Stratum lucidum

The superficial layer of epidermis and also the final stage of differentiation the stratum

corneumis formed from several layer of dead cells embedded in the lipid matrix It is almost

impermeable and is important in controlling the percutaneous absorption of drugs and other

chemicals

Dermis

The dermis (corneum) 3-5 mm thick consist of matrix of connective tissue woven from

fibrous protein (collagen elastin and reticulin) that is embedded in an amorphous ground of

substances called as mucopolysaccharides nerves blood vessels and lymphaticrsquos traverse the

matrix and appendages pierce it It needs an efficient blood supply to convey nutrients

remove waste products regulate temperature and pressure mobilize skin force and contribute

to skin colour



1189

Subcutaneous Layer

The subcutaneous layer is beneath the dermis and consists mainly of a type of connective

tissue called Adipose tissue Adipose tissue is more commonly known as fat and helps

cushion the skin and provide protection from cold and temperature fluctuations

Rational approaches to drug delivery in the skin

There are two main ways to attack the problem of formulating a successful topical dosage

form

Directing drugs to the viable skin tissue without using oral systemic or other routes of

therapy

The other approaches use skin delivery for systemic treatment For example transdermal

therapeutic system provides systemic therapy for conditions such as motion sickness and

pain

Gels[13]

Topical gel formulations are of increasing interest in the dermatology industry Gel

formulations are typically transparent or translucent water-based semisolids with good

spreading properties and pleasing aesthetic characteristics

Delivery of drugs to the skin is an effective and targeted therapy for local dermatological

disorders This route of drug delivery has gained popularity because it avoids first pass

effects gastrointestinal irritation and metabolic degradation associated with oral

administration[5]

Due to the first past effect only 25-45 of the orally administered dose

reaches the blood circulation In order to bypass these disadvantages the gel formulations

have been proposed as topical application[6]

Topical gel formulations provide a suitable

delivery system for drugs because they are less greasy and can be easily removed from

the skin Percutaneous absorption of drugs from topical formulations involves the release

of the drug from the formulation and permeation through skin to reach the target tissue

The release of the drug from topical preparations depends on the physicochemical

properties of the vehicle and the drug employed In order to enhance drug release and skin

permeation methods such as the selection of a suitable vehicle co-administration of a

chemical enhancer[7]

have been studied Gel base formulation makes the drug molecules

more easily removable from the system than cream and ointment[89]

Gels for

dermatological use have several favorable properties such as being thixotropic



1190

greaseless easily spreadable easily removable emollient non-staining compatible with

several excipients and water-soluble or miscible[10]

Guggul and Boswellic acid when presented in the form of topical gel can reduce local

inflammations and arthritis Hence for local inflammation or pain in the body the topical

application of Guggul and Boswellic acid may be useful which also avoids the side

effects associated with the oral therapy Hence a topical gel containing Guggul and

Boswellic acid was prepared[11]

It is established that gel formulations are superior topical

formulation over any other topical formulations because these system have better

application property in comparison to creams and ointments[12]

In the present study the product which was selected is herbal gel The term gel oriented

during the late 1800rsquos as chemists attempted to classify semisolid substances according to

their molecule compositions At that time analytical method needed to determines

chemical structures were lacking Gels and jellies are composed of small amount of solid

dispersed in relatively large amount liquid yet they possess more solid like than liquid

like character In general gels and jellies are rigid enough to maintain their shapes under

a small applied stress

The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) defines gels as semisolid being either

suspensions of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated with

liquid[14]

It is the interaction between units of the colloidal phase inorganic or organic

that set up the structural viscosity immobilizing liquid the continuous phase[15]

Thus gel

exhibit characteristics intermediate to those of liquid and solids[16]

Classification of gels

Gels are classified into different types based on the characteristics they possess[17]

1 Based on the nature of colloidal phase

a Inorganic gel - Examples Bentonite magma

b Organogel - Examples Polymer gel

These are further subdivided into different sub category according to chemicals nature of

dispersed organic molecules

Natural gums - Example Acacia Carrageenan Xanthan gum etc

Cellulosic derivatives - Examples Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Hydroxyl ethyl

cellulose Hydroxyl propyl cellulose

Polyethylene and its co-polymer



1191

Metallic stearate

Polypeptide eg Gelatin

Synthetic block copolymer eg Poloxamers

2 Based on the Nature of Solvent

The gels are prepared with the help of solvent which act as the continuous phase

a Hydrogel

b Organogels (Water in oil gels)

c Oleogels

Fig 14 Schematic illustration of (a) chemical (covalent) cross-linking and (b) physical

(non-covalent) cross-linking in polymer gels Examples of physical cross-linking are (c)

helix formation by hydrogen bonding as for eg alginates

The rheological and drug release properties of oil gels containing colloidal silicon dioxide

were studied[18]

The hydrogel has been includes three ndash dimensional cross ndash linked polymeric network that

are capable of swelling in aqueous media (Figure 4)

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The aim of present investigation was to evaluate anti-rheumatic activity of some herbs and to

formulate a topical gel dosage form The objectives of the present study were

To carry out extraction of selected herbs such as Commiphora mukul Boswellia serrata

To evaluate anti-rheumatic activity of the herbal extracts

To formulate amp evaluate suitable stable gel dosage form of the herbal extract



1192

Fig 21Guggul Plant Fig 22Guggul Plant Resin

2 MATERIAL AND METHOD

Material used

Commiphora mukul is a known anti-inflammatory agent used by Ayurveda physicians

worldwide The analgesic and anti-inflammatory action is almost immediate Guggul is also

used in weight loss formulae and is effective in reducing weight thus helping osteoarthritis

patients directly and indirectly It also reduces blood cholesterol levels Guggulsterone is a

plant chemical that has traditionally been used to treat osteoarthritis It may have anti-

inflammatory effects Part used- Exudate from bark or stem (Resins) Tribal people use the

twig of Guggul as a toothbrush because of its medicinal value Guggul is used to increase

metabolic rate in the ladies Because of anti-inflammatory nature Guggul is used to burn fat

in human bodies It increases bodyrsquos metabolic rate and reduces body fat Hence it is used

for weight loss It helps in functioning of the thyroid It has been proved of reducing breast

cancer It is used against heart diseases hence reduces stroke

Guggul has an excellent effect against rheumatism since centuries Guggul is effective

against painful menstruation It is also used in the treatment of leucorrhoea

Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various

chronic inflammatory diseases Part used-Extruded from stem (Resins) The resinous part

of Boswellia serrata possesses monoterpenes diterpenes triterpenes tetracyclic triterpenic

acids and four major pentacyclic triterpenic acids ie β-boswellic acid acetyl-β-boswellic

acid 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid responsible for inhibition

of pro-inflammatory enzymes Out of these four boswellic acids acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic

acid is the most potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase an enzyme responsible for inflammation

Anti ndash Inflammatory and anti-arthritic is common use



1193

Fig 23 Boswellia Serrate

Polymer Profile

Carbopol 934 applications Emulsifying agent suspending agents tablet binder viscosity

enhancer

Polyethylene Glycol 400 PEG 400(polyethylene glycol 400) is a low molecular weight

grade of polyethylene glycol It is a clear colourless viscous liquid Due in part to its low

viscosity PEG 400 is widely use in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations Its Applications

in pharmaceutical formulation and technology Polyethylene glycol is widely used in

pharmaceutical and consumer care products Lower molecular weight types are employed as

solvents in liquids and soft capsules Solid PEGS are used as ointment bases binders film

coating and lubricants Liquid chromatography under critical conditions (LCCC) or critical

point chromatography is a technique used to investigate very small differences between the

chemical structures of polymers such as PEGs

Table 21List of materials and Instruments Used

Sr no DrugExcipient EQUIPMENTAPPARATUS

1 Boswellia serrata Dry Extract 65 Analytical Balance

2 Guggul resin Digital Balance

3 Carbapol 934 Digital pH meter

4 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Double Beam UV ndash

Spectrophotometer

5 Isopropyl Alcohol Franz Diffusion Cell

6 Ethanol Heating mentle

7 Methylparaben Homogenizer

8 Methanol Hot air oven

9 Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Magnetic stirrer

10 Phenolphthalein Indicator Mechanical shaker

11 Sodium Hydroxide Mechanical stirrer

12 Triethanolamine Motic Digital Microscope

13 Hydrochloric acid Ultrasonicator

14 Disodium dihydrogen Phosphate Stability chamber

15 Sulphuric acid Viscometer

16 Petroleum ether Water bath

17 Acetone



1194

Identification and authentication of drugs

The plant of Commiphora Mukul was collceted from Smt Kishoritai Bhoyar College Of

Pharmacy Kamptee Dist Nagpur The plant was botanically identified and confirmed from

the Department of Botany University Department of Botany Nagpur The plant specimen

was dried its herbarium sheet was prepared and it was authenticated at University

Department Of Botany Nagpur Specimen voucher no 10116

Collection (procurement) of drugs

Boswellia serrata Dry Extract 65 was collected from the Konark Herbals and Health

Care

Commiphora mukul dry resin was collected from Local Market Nagpur

Fig 24 Authenticated sheet of Commiphora Mukul

Fig 25 Successive Solvent Extraction of Resin

Evaluation of raw material[39]

The evaluations of the crude drug were carried out by testing following parameters

Total ash About 2 g of the air dried crude drug was weighed accurately in a tared silica

crucible and incinerated at a temperature not exceeding 450ordmC until free from carbon It was

then cooled and weighed A carbon free ash was not obtained in this way Then the charred



1195

mass was exhausted with hot water the residue was collected on an ashless filter paper the

residue and the filter paper was incinerated until the ash was white or nearly so the filtrate

was added evaporated to dryness and ignited at a temperature not exceeding 450ordmC The

percentage of ash was calculated with reference to their air dried drug

Moisture content Water content is determined by removing the moisture and then by

measuring weight loss

Successive solvent extraction of resin[40]

The resin Commiphora mukul was taken and loaded in soxhlet extractor and extracted with

ethyl acetate about five times the weight of gum The temp is kept at 65-70degC The extracted

fluid is taken for solvent recovery The oleoresin (thick paste) obtained after solvent removal

was purified for enrichment of guggulsterones by solvent frication method 2 g sample of

guggul extract was taken in 250 mL round bottom flask 35 mL of 05 M alcoholic KOH was

added and reflux for 90 min on a water bath The content of flask was transferred to a

separator rinsed the flask with 50 mL lukewarm water Extracted while the liquid was warm

by shaking vigorously with three successive quantities of 50 mL petroleum ether (60-80deg)

Then combine the petroleum ether layers and wash with 20 mL water Evaporated the

petroleum ether and weighed the residue

Extraction Procedure

The collected resin was dried in a shade and powdered coarsely and was taken for soxhlet

extraction as shown in Figure 26

Fig 26 Extraction Procedure of Commiphora Mukul



1196

Preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether extract of resin of commiphora

mukul[41]

The plants may be considered as a biosynthetic laboratory for a multitude of compounds like

alkaloids triterpenoids glycosides volatile oils tannins saponins sugars etc that exert

physiological effects These compounds are responsible for therapeutic effects usually the

secondary metabolites The petroleum extracts of Commiphora mukul was subjected to

preliminary phytochemical screening for the detection of various plant constituents The

different phytochemical test are as follows

Tests for sterols alkaloids saponins tannins flavonoids proteins amino acids sugars

Thin layer chromatography study[42 43]

Active extracts those having promising antimicrobial and antifungal activitywere subjected to

thin layer chromatography to find out the number of compounds present in them The details

of the procedure were as follows

A Preparation of the plates

The adsorbent used for thin layer chromatography was silica gel G About 25 g of silica gel G

was taken in a glass mortar and about 35 ml of distilled water was added to it This mixture

was then allowed to swell for 15 minutes The mixture was stirred with glass rod until it

becomes homogeneous Then an additional 15 ml of distilled water was added to it with

stirring The suspension was then transferred to a 150 ml flask fitted with a plastic stopper

and was shaken vigorously for about 2 minutes This suspension was then spreaded

immediately on thin layer chromatographic plates with the help of a thin layer

chromatography (TLC) applicator (SUPERFIT) of Continental Instruments Bombay was

used

B Drying and storage of plates

The freshly coated plates were then air dried until the transparency of the layer had

disappeared The plates were then stacked in a drying rack and were activated in an oven for

30 minutes at 110C The activated plates were then kept ina dessicator till required for

further use

C Application of the sample

For applying test samples on TLC plates glass capillaries were used The spots were applied

with the help of a fine capillary keeping a minimum distance of 1 cm between the two

adjacent spots The spots of the samples were marked on the top of the plate to know their

identity



1197

D Chromatographic chamber conditions of saturation and the development of TLC

plates

Chromatographic rectangular glass chamber (165 x 295 cm) was used in the experiments

To avoid insufficient chamber saturation and the undesirable edge effect a smooth sheet of

filter paper approximately of 15 x 40 cm size was placed in the chromatographic chamber in

a U shape and was allowed to be soaked in the developing solvent After being thus

moistened the paper was then pressed against the walls of the chamber so that it adhered to

the walls The chamber was allowed to saturate for 24 hours before use The experiments

were carried out at room temperature in diffused daylight

E Developing solvent system

A number of developing solvent systems were tried for each residue but the satisfactory

resolution was obtained in the solvent systems mentioned in table TLC results obtained in

these systems are as shown in Table 6

F Spraying equipment

Compressed air sprayer with a fine nozzle was used to detect the different constituents

present on TLC plates Air compressor was attached to a glass sprayer The sprayer was filled

with about 50 ml of the detection reagent and then used After each spray the sprayer was

washed separately with water chromic acid and distilled water and then with acetone

G Detection of The Spots

Spots were detected using UV light (UV Chamber) and spraying (50) H2SO4

Assay of Boswellia Serrata

A) Total acids Weighed accurately about 02g of the sample and dissolved in 30 mL of

methanol by keeping in a sonicator for 5-10 min Titrated against 001N NaoH using

phenolphthalein as a indicator Performed blank titration using methanol

Calculation For Total Acids

B) Mineral acidity Weighed about 02g of sample and added 100ml of water Heatedthe

sample at 70ordmC for 15 minutes in a water bath Filtered and collected the filterate

Recorded the pH of filterate Took care to wash the residue on the funnel and collected

the washings and filterate in the conical flask and titrated it against 001N NaoH using

phenolphthalein as a indicator Performed blank titration using water



1198

Calculation for Mineral acid

Assay of Boswellic acid = Total acids (a) ndash Mineral acid (b)

Preformulation studies[44 45 46]

It mainly involved two parameters organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the API

used This was mainly done to check the purity of the drug and any deviation could also help

to know if there is any deterioration involved

Organoleptic Properties

Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point

All the above studies were carried out by using no special equipement these were done by

visual assessment

Identification of Pure Drug

The thin layer chromatography (TLC) method is used to identification of isolated compound

to standard compound or marker in which the Rf value was noted

Solubility studies

A solubility study was carried out to find out the solubility of drug in different solvents

According to this method the pure drug was added to the solvent medium and shaken for 2

hr The saturation was confirmed by observation of presence of undissolved material After

filtration of the slurry sample was analyzed using UV Visible spectrophotometer at 252 - 255

nm

Formulation development[444546]

Formulation of Gel Carbopol 934 was dispersed in distilled water by stirring at 800 rpm

for 30min in another beaker extract of boswelliaserrata and extract of commiphora mukul

was dissolved in iso-propyl alcohol then polyethylene glycol 400 ethanol and methyl

paraben added slowly then added these solution to gel base and stired it and mixture was



1199

neutralized by drop wise addition of triethanolamine mixing was continued until a gel was

prepared While the amount of base was adjusted to achieve a gel with pH 708

Table 22 Formulation of Gel

SrNo Ingredients Quantity

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5

1 Boswellic acid 15 g 15 g 15 g 15 g 15 g

2 Commiphora mukul 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25g

3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL

4 IPA 7 mL 5 mL 10 mL 3 mL 9 mL

5 Ethanol 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL mL

6 Methylparaben 015 g 015 g 015 g 015 g 015 g

7 Triethanolamine 2 ndash 3 drops 2 ndash 3 drops 2 ndash 3 drop 2 ndash 3 drops 2 ndash 3 drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL

Evaluation of Gel[474849]

Determination of pH

The pH meter was calibrated with buffered solution at 40 70 and 92 before starting pH

determination The glass electrode of the pH meter was immersed into the 50 ml beaker

containing 50 g gel and pH was noted

Homogeneacity

Homogeneacity was checked by visual inspection

Spreadability

The Spreadability of the formulation was determined by an apparatus suggested by muttimer

et al which was suitably modified in the laboratory and used for the study It consists of a

wooden block which was provided by a pulley at one end A rectangular ground glass plate

was fixed on this block An excess of gel (about 1 g) under the study was placed on this

ground plate The gel was then sandwiched between this plate and another glass plate having

the dimension of fixed ground plate and provided with the hook A 1 kg weight was placed

on the top of two plates for 5 minutes to expel air and to provide a uniform film of the gel

between the plates Excess of gel was scrapped off from the edges The top plate was then

subjected to pull of 10g with the help of string attached to the hook and the time (in second)

required by the top plate to cover a distance of 5 cm was noted

Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200

m= weight tied to the upper slide (10 gm)

l= length of glass slide (75 cm)

t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test

This test was performed on human volunteers Twenty volunteers were chosen for single

formulation and study was performed after taking their informed consent It was performed

by applying gel on an area of 2 square inch to the back of hand Then the examination for the

presence of lesion or irritation was done

Drug Content Studies Accurately weighed 1 g of gel was transferred into 100 ml

volumetric flask containing 20 ml of saline phosphate buffer (pH 68) and stirred for 30 min

followed by sonication The volume was made up to 100 ml with saline phosphate buffer (pH

68) After suitable dilution the absorbance was measured using Shimadzu 1700 UV Visible

spectrophotometer at 210 ndash 215 nm

Viscosity measurement Viscosity of the gel was determined by using Brookfield

viscometer Accurately weighed 100 g of gel was transferred to 100 ml glass beaker Spindle

no S64 was selected and it is immersed into the gel The viscometer was operated at various

rpm until the reading gets stabilized and reading was noted in centipoises It was noted from

the literature that the formulations after gelling should have a viscosity of 50 ndash 50000 cps

In vitro diffusion studies[50]

In-vitrodiffusion study was carried out in a Modified Franz diffusion cell using cellophane

membrane which is heated for 1hr in boiling water The membrane was tied to the donor

compartment and mounted on the reservoir compartment of Franz diffusion cell containing

21 ml of pH 68 phosphate buffer 1 g of Boswellia serrate and Commiphoramukulgel was

placed over the cellophane membrane of donor compartment Whole set was placed on the

magnetic stirrer The study was carried out at 37plusmn 05 ordmC and 100 rpm Samples were

withdrawn from the sampling port of reservoir compartment at regular intervals and

absorbance was measured using Shimadzu 2300 UV visible spectrophotometer at 210 ndash 215

nm



1201

In vivo anti-inflammatory activity[5152535455565758596061 62636465 6667]

Carrageenan induced rat paw edema model volume was used to assess the anti-inflammatory

activity of developed herbal carbopol gel Left hind paws of each Rat were just marked

beyond the tibiotarsal junction so that every time the paw is dipped up to the fixed mark to

ensure constant paw volume The rats (180ndash200g) were randomly divided into 3 groups of 3

rats each Group A normal received normal saline only Edema was induced in the remaining

groups B-CGroup B (toxic control) received carrageenan only without the drug The C

received an application of herbal gel (1g) andor treatment plantar injection of 01 mL of a

1 carageenan wv freshly prepare carageenan in normal saline was given into the left hind

paw of each rat After One hour the gel was applied to the left hind paw of each rat of treated

group Measurements of the paw volume up to the ankle joint were performed before and at

different time intervals (1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12h) following the Carrageenan injection using

plethysmometer

Percentage reduction calculated in edema was as follows

Inhibition = Edema (Control) minus Edema (Formulation Treated)

Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity

Arthritis was induced in rats by subplannter injection of CFA(01 mlrat) in the right hind

paw Rats receiving CFA did not show any sign of acute toxicity Control animals were

injected with 09 saline On day 8 after adjuvant injection these rats were divided in

treatment groups (n = 6 ratsgroup) and injected daily with saline or agmatine 10 20 and 40

mgkg intraperitoneallyupto day 15 The animals were weighed daily The injections were

given daily in between 0900 and 1000 h and animals were subjected to measurement of

arthritis score[68]

as described below Thereafter they were shifted to their cages and the pre-

weighed food pellets were placed inside the cage hopper The food consumed by rats was

quantified by weighing leftover food in the hopper

Arthritis score

Evaluation of arthritis severity was performed by measuring the arthritis index of each

animal which was scored by grading eachpaw from 0 to 4 as described previously[68]

Grading was determined as follows



1202

Table 23 Arthritis Score

Score Sign

0 No erythema or swelling

1 Slight erythema or swelling of one or more digits

2 Swelling of the entire paw

3 Erythema and swelling of the ankle

4 Ankylosis incapacity to bend the ankle

The severity score was the sum of the arthritis scores of the right hind limb maximum upto 4

On day 15 after adjuvant injection blood was withdrawn by retro-orbital method for

biochemical analysis

Paw Volume

The paw volumes of all animals were measured daily till day 15using a plethysmometer (VJ

instrument India) The change in pawvolume was measured as the difference between the

final and initial paw volumes

Stability studies[6970]

Stability studies of drug product being as a part of drug discovery and ends with the

commercial products to assess the drug and formulation stability stability study were carried

out for most satisfactory formulation was sealed in glass vial and kept at 30 plusmn2ordmC and 40

plusmn2ordmC at RH 65 plusmn 5 and 75 plusmn 5 RH for 2 months At the end of 1 and 2 months the samples

were analysed for the drug content and in-vitro diffusion study

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Eavaluation of Raw Material

Table 31 Results of Crude Drug Analysis

Sr No Parameter Results

( ww)

1 Total ash 357

2 Acid insoluble ash 012

3 Alcohol soluble extractive 146

4 Water soluble extractive 168

5 Moisture content 1280

Preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether extract

The preliminary phytochemical screening of Boswellic acid and Guggul from petroleum

ether extract and isolated compounds gives the positive reaction for sterols and triterpenoids

(+++ = Present --- = Absent)



1203

Table 32 Results of Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Petroleum Ether Extract

and Isolated Compounds

Tests Test performed Boswellia

serrata Guggul

Test for sterol Salkowaski reaction

Liebermannrsquos reaction +++ +++

Test for alkaloids Dragendorffrsquos reaction --- ---

Test for saponins Foam test --- ---

Test for sugars Molisch test

Barfoed test +++ +++

Test for flavonoids Shinoda test --- ---

Test for proteins Biuret test --- ---

Test for tannins Lead acetate test --- ---

Test for aminoacids Ninhydrin test --- ---

Test for triterpenoids Libermann-Burchard test +++ +++

Pre-formulation studies

Boswellic acid


It is creamish pleasant crystalline powder

Melting Point

The melting point of Boswellic acid was found to be 225ordmC ndash 227 degC which complies with

melting point reported in Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia 2011

Table No 33 Melting point of Boswellic Acid

Test Standard Observation

Melting point of Boswellic acid 226 ndash 228 ordmC 225 ndash 227 ordmC

Solubility of Boswellic Acid

Table 34 Solubility of Boswellic Acid

Sr No Media Solubility

1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml

4 Isopropyl alcohol Soluble



1204

Figure 31 UV Spectrum of Boswellic acid in phosphate buffer pH 68Calibration

curve of Boswellic acid in phosphate buffer pH 68

UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Analysis

UV Spectroscopy

The maximum absorption value of pure drug Boswellic acid was found at 210 ndash 215 nm

wavelengths in phosphate buffer pH 68 Therefore 210 ndash 215 nm was recorded as λmax of

the pure drug Boswellic acid The observed λmax value of drug was found to be complied

with the specification of Indian pharmacopoeia Hence the drug was considered to be pure

The UV specrum of Boswellic acid is shown in Figure 2

A solution of 100microgml of Boswellic acidwas scanned in the range of 400 to 200 nm The

drug exhibited the λmax at 320 nm and showed reproducibility

From the standard curve of Boswellic acid in phosphate buffer pH 68 it was observed that

the Boswellic acidobeys Beers-Lambertrsquos law in the range 10-50microgml in the medium as

shown in table 63 and figure 3

Table 35 Calibration of Boswellic acid

Sr No Conc (microgml) Absorbance

0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205

Fig32 Calibration Curve of Boswellic Acid in Phosphate Buffer pH 68

Commiphora mukul


It is dark brownish yellow pleasant odour gummy resin

Melting Point

The melting point of the Commiphora Mukul was found to be 142 to 147degC which complies

with melting point reported in Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia

Table No36 Melting point of Commiphora Mukul


Melting point of Commiphora mukul 142-147degC 144-146degC

The melting point of Commiphora Mukul was determined using capillary method

Solubility of Commiphora Mukul

Table 37 Solubility of Ommiphora Mukul

Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble

Fig33 Thin Layer Chromatography of Commiphora mukul extract

Thin layer chromatographic study of extract




1206

Table 38 Thin Layer Chromatographic Study of Extract

Drug Solvent system No of

spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54

Fig 34 UV Spectrum of Commiphoramukulin Phosphate Buffer pH 68


a) UV Spectroscopy

The maximum absorption value of extracted drug Commiphora mukul was found at 205 nm

wavelength in phosphate buffer pH 68 Therefore 205 nm was recorded as λmax of the

extracted drug Commiphora mukul The observed λmax value of drug was found to be

complies with the specification of Indian pharmacopoeia Hence the drug was considered to

be pure The UV spectrum of Commiphora mukul is shown in Figure 64

b) Calibration curve of Commiphora mukul in phosphate buffer pH 68

A solution of 100 microgml of Commiphora mukul was scanned in the range of 200 to 400 nm

The drug exhibited the λmax at 205 nm and showed reproducibility

From the standard curve of Commiphora mukul in phosphate buffer pH 68 it was observed

that the Commiphora mukul obeys Beers-Lambertrsquos law in the range 10-50microgml in the

medium as shown in table 65 and figure 67



1207

Table 39 Calibration of Commiphora Mukul


0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684

Fig 35 Calibration Curve of Commiphoramukul in Phosphate Buffer pH 68

Formulation Development

Table 310 Formulation Development


F1 F2 F3 F4 F5


2 Commiphoramukul 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25g

3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL



6 Methyl paraben 015 g 015 g 015 g 015 g 015 g

7 Triethanolamine 2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops 2 ndash 3 drop

2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL

Evaluation of prepared gel

Physical appearance

The physical appearance of all the five formulations were carried out and found satisfactory



1208

Table 311 Physical Appearance

Sr No Formulation code Appearance Clarity

1 F1 Brownish yellow Turbid





Determination of pH

The pH value for the formulations were recorded on digital pH meter shown in table 6 and

found to be in the range of 68 plusmn 0040 to 716 plusmn 0005 The observation revealed that all the

formulations were near to neutral pH

Table 312 Determination of pH

Sr No Formulation code pH

1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67

The pH of all the formulation were found in the range of 65 ndash 708 and the pH of all the

formulation was found near to the skin pH value

Homogeneity

It was checked by visual inspection and found to be good

Spreadability

Table 313 Spreadability

Formulation No Spreadability (cm)

F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148

The spreadability of F3 formulation was found most satisfactory

Determination of Viscosity

Viscosity is an expression of the resistance of a fluid to flow Viscosity is an important

parameter for Gel to be evaluated because this parameter is applicable to mixing of drug in a

bulk of formulation and flow of materials



1209

Table 314 Determination of Viscosity

Formulation

Viscosity(Spindle no 64)

50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995

Viscosities of all the formulations were found in the range of 11220 to 19680 cps and lying

within the limit of 50 ndash 50000 cps From the result obtained it was observed that viscosity

increases with the increasing concentration of Carbapol

In-vitro drug release study

In-vitro diffusion study was carried out in a Modified Franz diffusion cell in pH 68

phosphate buffer In-vitro release profile of combination gel was monitored for 9 hrs

Table 315 In-vitro Drug Release Study

Time Amount of drug ()

Boswellic acid Commiphora mukul

0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel

The drug content of all the five formulations were carried out and based on the observation

obtained F3 formulation showed the maximum drug content



1210

Table 316 Drug Content of Gel

In vivo anti-inflammatory activity

00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a

Fig 36 Anti-Inflammatory Activity Graph

As Shown in figure two way ANNOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni multiple

comparison test reveals that significant increase in paw volume after administration of

carregenin Boswellia serrate and Commiphora mukul significantly decreases the increased

paw volume after one hour (plt00001 vs carregenin induced animal) [F=121306]

Table no 317 Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Time Control Carregenin induced Test

0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679

Formulation code Drug Drug content

F1 Boswellic acid 4135

Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity

Arthritis score did not change up to day 4 following subplantar CFA administration (01

mLrat) external signs of arthritis started to increase from day 5 onwards and on day 15 of

the protocol 100 rats showed the occurrence of arthritis [CFA treatment F(1 144)=38455

Plt0001 duration in days F(15 144)=879 Plt0001 and interaction treatment times days F(15

144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF

Combination gel (Boswellia serrata + Commiphora mukul)


Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re

Fig 37 Effect of formulated gel on arthritis score in CFA treated rats Each point

indicates arthritis score plusmn SEM (n = 5 ndash 6) Plt005 Plt001 vs saline treated rats

Daily treatment with formulated gel (Combination of Boswellia serrata and Commiphora

mukul topical) starting from post day-8 following CFA injections progressively reduced the

arthritis score in rats as compared to the saline treated animals Application of two-way

ANOVA showed the significant interaction [F(45 352)=145 Plt005] between variables like

formulated gel treatment [F(3 352)= 807 Plt0001] and days [F(15 352) = 2742 P lt

0001] Application of post hoc Bonferroni multiple comparison test revealed significant

recovery of adjuvant arthritis on post-arthritis days 12 (P lt005) 14 (Plt005) and 15

(Plt001) of the protocol



1212

Table No318 Anti-Arthritis Activity

Days Control Cfa induced Test

Mean Sem N Mean Sem N Mean Sem N

1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies

The gel was subjected to accelerated stability testing at 25 plusmn1ordmC 10 plusmn 1ordmC and 45 plusmn 1ordmC for

optimized F3 formulation for 60 days The results indicated that there were no any significant

changes in physical appearance viscosity spreadability and drug content The

formulation of gel was found to be stable with respect to its physical appearance viscosity

spreadability and drug content

Table 319 Stability Studies

Parameter

Storage Temperature

Initial 25 plusmn 1ordmC 10 plusmn 1ordmC 45 plusmn 1ordmC

20 days 40 days 60 days 20 days 40 days 60 days 20days 40 days 60 days

Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276

4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Boswellia serrata and Commiphora mukul is an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic drugs

used in the treatment of joint pain inflammation and arthritis The purpose of the topical and

dermatological dosage form is to conveniently deliver drug molecules across localized area of

skin Sustained release becomes important to supply the skin with a drug over a prolonged

period of time hence a dermatological delivery system such as gel was considered to be



1213

formulated Beside this gel form may reduce the frequency of dosing intervals and may

improve patient compliance The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was

done in view to know the various classes of chemical constituents i e secondary metabolites

From the results of the phytochemical screening of the extracts it was observed that the

fractional product of Commiphora mukul resin contained triterpenoids and sterols

Development of gel was done by using carbapol 934 which was analyzed with a smooth and

homogeneous appearance It was easily spreadable with an acceptable mechanical property

The observation of pH revealed that all the formulations were very near to skin pH make it

suitable for application on skin The results obtained from present work indicated that the

entire drug was uniformly distributed and there was no precipitation in formulation For the

incorporation of drugs five formulae for gel were tried During comparison of these

formulae it was observed that formula 3 showed the smooth texture optimum pH and good

spreadability Hence formula 3 was taken for further studies In vitro drug release of

Boswellic acid and Guggulsterones from gel was performed to study the release behavior of

drug from formulation From the observed results it was concluded that there is increase in

the drug release with respect to time From a patient compliance point of view spreadability

is a important for topical drug delivery system The gel was found to exhibit good percentage

spread by weight that would assure the skin application Anti-Inflammatory Anti-Arthritic

study and Arthritis scoring of the prepared gel formulation evident the Anti-Arthritic activity

of the prepared herbal gel formulation Temperature stability study was performed to evaluate

the separation as well as precipitation of the drug in the excipients mixture It was observed

that the formulation was stable at different temperatures (room temperature cool

temperature elevated temperature and at 75 RH) for 60 days

In the present work the attempt was made to formulate and evaluate a gel for anti-arthritic

activity using extracts of Boswellia serrata and Commiphora mukul The results showed that

the content of Gel components had significant effect on their physical rheological and in

vitro drug release characteristics

5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT

My heart pulsates with the thrill for tendering gratitude to those persons who helped me in

completion of the project I express my sincere thanks to my respected and esteemed guide

Dr Dinesh B Biyani Professor of Pharmaceutics Department S K B College of Pharmacy

Kamptee who has provided help motivation excellent guidance valuable suggestions



1214

encouragement and confidence I express my sincere and honest thanks to Dr Milind J

Umekar Principal Smt Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy Kamptee for his valuable

help and providing me the necessary facilities to carry out this work with great ease and

precision It is my privilege to extend my deep sense of thanks to Mr Y K Bhoyar

President Shri Sadashivrao Patil Shikshan Sanstha Kamptee Dr G S Bhoyar Director S

K B College of Pharmacy for providing the most needed facilities and reinforcement to

carry out this study and again I would like to thanks to Dr G S Bhoyar Sir for his

motivation and encouragement throughout my dissertation submission While writing

acknowledgement I understand my obligation and I am sincerely thankful to all those who

has provide me helping hands even though their name have not been mentioned I solemnly

regret for all those mistakes I might have made unintentionally and deeply apologize for

words that might have hurt someone somewhere

6 REFERENCES

1 Harsh Mohan Sixth Edition Text book of Pathophysiology Jaypee Publication 851

2 Bertram G Katzung Susan B Masters Anthony J Trevor Basic amp Clinical

Pharmacology LANGE 328

3 Catriona Grigor MBChBa HilaryCapellMDb Anne Stirling RGNa Alex D Mc Mahon

PhD Peter Lock MScd RamsayVallance FRCRa Dr Duncan Porter MBChBa Effect of a

treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study) a single-

blind randomised controlled trial

4 Michael E Weinblatt Edward C Keystone Larry W Moreland Michael H Weisman

Charles A Birbara Leah A Teoh Steven A Fischkoff Elliot K Chartash Adalimumab

a fully human antindashtumor necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody for the treatment of

rheumatoid arthritis in patients taking concomitant methotrexate The ARMADA trial

5 Kikwai L Babu RJ Prado RA Kolot A Armstrong CA Ansel JC et al In vitro and in

vivo evaluation of topical formulations of spantide II AAPS PharmSciTech 2005 6(4)

E562-72

6 Tas C Ozkan Y Savaser A Baykara T In vitro release studies of chlorpheniramine

maleate from gels prepared by different cellulose derivatives IL Farmaco 2003 58

605-11

7 Suhonen MT Bouwstra JA Urtti A Chemical enhancement of percutaneous absorption

in relation to stratum corneum structural alterations J Control Release 1999 59 149-61



1215

8 Babar A Bhandari RD Plakogiannis PM In vitro release studies of chlorpheniramine

maleate from topical bases using cellulose membrane and hairless mouse skin Drug Dev

Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40

9 Velissaratou AS Papaioannou G In vitro release of chlorpheniramine maleate from

oinment bases Int J Pharm 1989 52 83-6

10 Klich CM Jels and Jellies In Swarbrick J Boylan JC eds Encyclopedia of

Pharmaceutical Technology New York NY Marcel Dekker Inc 1992 6 415-39

11 httpwwwintaspharmacomhifenachtm(16sep 2005)

12 Grau M Guasch J Montero JL Felipe A Carrasco E Julia S Pharmacology of the

potent new non- steroidal anti-inflammatory agent aceclofenac Arzneimittelforschung

1991 41(12) 1265-76

13 Swarbrick J Boylan JC Encylopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology 15th

edition New

York Marcel Dekker 1988

14 The United State of Pharmacopoeia United State of Pharmacopoeial convention Rock

ville MD 1990

15 Manhcim P Soap Perfume Cosmetic 1964 37 442

16 Schmolka R Acomparison of block copolymer surfactant gels Toilet cosmetics 1984

99 399

17 Florence AT Attwood D Physichochemical Principle of Pharmacy 3rd

edition 1998 69

18 Hagerstrom H Polymern Gels as Pharmaceutical Dosage Form UPSALA ACTA

University Upsaliensis 2003

19 Zatz JL Kushda Gels In Lieberman AH Rieger MM Bankar SG editors

Pharmaceutical dosage form disperse system New York Marcel Dekker 2005 2

20 Barry B Aulton ME Trransdermal drug delivery Editors Pharmaceutics The Science

and Dosage form design 2nd

edition Churchill Livingstone 528ndash33

21 Nadkarni KM Indian Materia Medica 1 3rd

edition Bombay Popular Prakashan 2005

22 Robinso J R Lee VHL ―Controlled drug delivery Fundamental and application 2nd

edition Marcel Dekker New York 1987 29 53

23 Aulton M E (ed) In ―Transdermal drug delivery Churchill Livingstone New York

2002 499ndash533

24 Ting Pan Tao-fang Cheng Yu-ran Jia Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of traditional

Chinese herbs Journal of Ethanopharmacology 2017 205 1-7



1216

25 Shivaprasad H Venkatesha Brian Astry Siddaraju M Nanjundaiah Hong R Kim The

Control of autoimmune arthritis by herbal extracts and their bioactive components Asian

Journal of Pharmaceutical Science II (2016)

26 Dinesh Kumar L R Karthik N Gayathri T Sivasudha Department of Environmental

Biotechnology Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli 620 024 Tamil nadu India

Feb 2016 02(02)

27 Harpreet Singh Vikram Singh Tanwar1 Gagandeep Sukhija Rekha Mathur Parminder

Kaur Department of Medicine PGIMS Rohtak 1Department of Medicine SHKM

Government Medical College Nalhar Haryana India July 21 2017 IP 192168174]

28 Brijesh G Taksande Dinesh Y Gawande Chandrabhan T Chopde Milind J Umekar

Nandkishor R Kotagale Division of Neuroscience Department of Pharmacology

Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy New Kamptee Nagpur (Maharashtra)

441 002 India India Government Colleges of Pharmacy Kathora Naka Amravati

444604 Maharashtra India December 09 2016

29 Sadiq Umar Khalid Umar Abu Hasnath Md Golam Sarwar Boswellia serrata extract

attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis

Phytomedicine 2014 21 847ndash856

30 Harinder Singh Rajnish Kumar Pinderjit Singh State Food Drug and Excise

Laboratory Punjab Sector ndash 11 D Chandigarh India (Department of Health and Family

Welfare Punjab) Email harindersinghpharmgmailcom Received 12 Jan 2011

Revised and Accepted 16 Feb 2011

31 Varun Sethi Israel Rubinstein Antonina Kuzmis Helen Kastrissios James Artwohl and

Hayat Onyukse Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences University of Illinois at

Chicago Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Department of

Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Biologic Resources Laboratory

University of Illinois at Chicago Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago Illinois

60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)

32 Abdul Hadi Mohd Nidagurthi Guggilla Raghavendra Rao Srinivasa Rao Avanapu

Department of Pharmaceutics Bhaskar Pharmacy College (JB Group of Educational

Institutions) Yenkapally (V) Moinabad (M) RRDistrict Hyderabad-500075 Andhra

Pradesh India Jyothishmathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Science Thimmapur

Karimnagar -505481 Andhra Pradesh India Bhaskar Pharmacy College (JB Group of

Educational Institutions) Yenkapally (V) Moinabad (M) RRDistrict Hyderabad-

500075 Andhra Pradesh India 2013 Nov 21



1217

33 M Z Siddqui Boswellia Serrata A Potential Antiinflammatory Agent An Overview

Indian J Pharm Sci May-Jun 2011 73(3) 255ndash261

34 Pallavi Pal1 Shahbaaz Shams2 Sanjar Alam Department of Pharmaceutics KIET

School of Pharmacy Ghaziabad UP-2012 Hamdard (Wakf) Laboratories Ghaziabad

UP-201206 India Manuscript No IJPRSV3I300375 Received On 04092014

Accepted On 06092014

35 Brijiesh Rathore Abbas Ali Mahdi Bhola Nath Paul Indian Herbal Medicines Possible

Potent Therapeutic Agents for Rheumatoid Arthritis J Clin Biochem Nutr Jul 2007

41(1) 12ndash17

36 R ETZEL Special extract of BOSWELLIA serrata (H 15) in the treatment of rheumatoid

arthritis Phytomedicine 1996 3(1) 91-94

37 Sharma JN Sharma JN Comparison of the anti-inflammatory activity of Commiphora

mukul Arzneimittelforschung Jul 1977 27(7) 1455-7

38 Kokate C K Purohit A P and Gokhale S B ―Text book of Pharmacognosy Nirali

Prakashan Publication 14133 and 14118

39 Khandelwal K Practical Pharmacognosy 2nd edPune Nirali Prakashan 2000

40 Sethi PD Charegaonkar D Identification Of Drugs In Pharmaceutical Formulations By

Thin Layer Chromatography 2nd ed New Delhi Cbs Publications And Distributers

41 Wagner H Bladt S Plant Drug Analysis A TLC Atlas 2nd ed New Delhi CBS

Publishers And Distributors 1995

42 Barhate SD Potdar MB Nerkar P Developement Of Meloxicam Sodium Transdermal

Gel Int J Pharm Res Dev 2011 2(5) 1-7

43 Setty CM Bahubhai SR Pathan IB Developement Of Valdecoxib Topical Gels Effect

Of Formulation Variables On The Release Of Valdecoxib Int J Pharm Res Dev 2010

2(1) 70-74

44 Chakole CM Shende MA Khadatkar SN Formulation And Evaluation Of Novel

Combined Halobetasol Propionate And Fusidic Acid Ointment International J Chemtech

Res 2009 1 103-16

45 Basha BN Prakasam K Goli D Formulation And Evaluation Of Gel Containing

Fluconazole Antifungal Agent IJDDR 2011 3(4) 109-28

46 Bhaskaran S Physical Pharmaceutics1st ed Bombay Birla Publication 2007

47 Verma R In-Vitro Skin Absorption And Drug Release Comparison Of Four Commercial

Hydrophilic Gel Preperation For Topical Use Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007 67(5)

398-405



1218

48 Williams A In Transdermal And Topical Drug Delivery Published By The

Pharmaceutical Press London 2003 62

49 Basha BN Prakashan K Goli D Formulation And Evaluation Of Gel Containing

Fluconazole Antifungal AGENT IJDDR 2011 3(4) 109-28

50 Tsai YH Huang Yb Fang JY Wu Pc In-Vitro And In-Vivo Evaluations Of Topically

Applied Capsaicin And Nonivamide From Hydrogels I J Pharm 2010 224 97-104

51 Choi JK Choi YK Ki HM Int J Pharm 2010 385 12ndash19

52 YYuan S M Li F K Mo D F Zhong Int J Pharm 2006 321 117ndash123

53 GEngelhardt Br J Rheumatol 1996 351 4ndash12

54 JS Chang Y B Huang S S Hou R J Wang P C Wu Y H Tsai Int J Pharm

2007 33848ndash54

55 R Jantharaprapap G Stagni Int J Pharm 2007 343 26ndash33

56 NSeedher S Bhatia AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2003 4 E33

57 MRizwan M Aqil A Ahad Y Sultana M M Ali Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008

34618ndash626

58 R Jain M Aqil A Ahad A Ali R K Khar Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008 34

384ndash389

59 Y Shahzad Q Khan T Hussain 2632 S N Shah Int J Biol Macromol 2013 61

60 E R Bendas M I Tadros AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2007 8 E107

61 YP Fang Y H Tsai P C Wu Y B Huang Int J Pharm 2008 356 144ndash152

62 J Guo Q Ping G Sun C Jiao Int J Pharm 2000 194 201ndash207

63 N Dragicevic Curic D Scheglmann terfaces V Albrecht A Fahr Colloids Surf B

Bioin 2009 74 114 122

64 G M ElMaghraby A C Williams B W Barry Int J Pharm 2000 196 63ndash74

65 SMeng Z Chen L Yang W Zhang 8D Liu J Guo Y Guan J Li Int J Nanomed

2013 3051ndash3060

66 PVerma K Pathak Nanomedicine 2012 8 489ndash496

67 JShaji D Varkey Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2012 12 152ndash160

68 M Patil A Kandhare S Bhise Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity of

Xanthium srtumarium L ethanolic extract in Freundrsquos complete adjuvant Induced

arthritis Biomed Aging Pathol 2012 2 6ndash15

69 Bhaskaran S Physical Pharmaceutics 1st ed Bombay Birla Publication 2007



1219



398-405



1183

1 INTRODUCTION

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic multisystem disease of unknown cause Though the

most prominent manifestation of RA is inflammatory arthritis of the peripheral joints usually

with a symmetrical distribution its systemic manifestations include haematologic

pulmonary neurological and cardiovascular abnormalities RA is a common disease having

peak incidence in 3rd to 4th decades of life with 3-5 times higher preponderance in females

Approximately 20 of patients develop rheumatoid nodules located over the extensor

surfaces of the elbows and fingers About 80 of cases are seropositive for rheumatoid factor

(RF) However RF titres are elevated in certain unrelated diseases too such as in viral

hepatitis cirrhosis sarcoidosis and leprosy Advanced cases show characteristic radiologic

abnormalities such as narrowing of joint space and ulnar deviation of the fingers and radial

deviation of the wrist

Etiopathogenesis Present concept on etiology and pathogenesis proposes that RA occurs in

an immunogenetically predisposed individual to the effect of microbial agents acting as

trigger antigen The role of super antigens which are produced by several microorganisms

with capacity to bind to HLADR molecules (MHC-II region) has also emerged I

Immunologic derangements II Trigger events

The proposed events in immunopathogenesis of RA are

In response to antigenic exposure (eg infectious agent) in a genetically predisposed

individual (HLA-DR) CD4+ T cells are activated

These cells elaborate cytokines the important ones being tumour necrosis factor (TNF)

interferon (IF) interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6

These cytokines activate endothelial cells B lymphocytes and macrophages

Activation of B-cells releases IgM antibody against IgG (ie anti-IgG) this molecule is

termed rheumatoid factor (RF)

IgG and IgM immune complexes trigger inflammatory damage to the synovium small

blood vessels and collagen

Activated endothelial cells express adhesion molecules which stimulate collection of

inflammatory cells

Activation of macrophages releases more cytokines which cause damage to joint tissues

and vascularisation of cartilage termed pannus formation



1184












1185

























1186













Present Therapy









NSAIDs

Corticosteroids

Methotrexate

Hydroxychloroquine

Sulfasalazine

Leflunomide







1187


cyclosporine A



Surgical approaches

Proposed Therapy








Boswellia serrata





Epidermis





the surface



1188







Stratum lucidum




chemicals

Dermis






to skin colour



1189

Subcutaneous Layer






form


therapy



pain

Gels[13]







administration[5]














Gels for




1190




















liquid[14]



Thus gel















1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1184












1185

























1186













Present Therapy









NSAIDs

Corticosteroids

Methotrexate

Hydroxychloroquine

Sulfasalazine

Leflunomide







1187


cyclosporine A



Surgical approaches

Proposed Therapy








Boswellia serrata





Epidermis





the surface



1188







Stratum lucidum




chemicals

Dermis






to skin colour



1189

Subcutaneous Layer






form


therapy



pain

Gels[13]







administration[5]














Gels for




1190




















liquid[14]



Thus gel















1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1185

























1186













Present Therapy









NSAIDs

Corticosteroids

Methotrexate

Hydroxychloroquine

Sulfasalazine

Leflunomide







1187


cyclosporine A



Surgical approaches

Proposed Therapy








Boswellia serrata





Epidermis





the surface



1188







Stratum lucidum




chemicals

Dermis






to skin colour



1189

Subcutaneous Layer






form


therapy



pain

Gels[13]







administration[5]














Gels for




1190




















liquid[14]



Thus gel















1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1186













Present Therapy









NSAIDs

Corticosteroids

Methotrexate

Hydroxychloroquine

Sulfasalazine

Leflunomide







1187


cyclosporine A



Surgical approaches

Proposed Therapy








Boswellia serrata





Epidermis





the surface



1188







Stratum lucidum




chemicals

Dermis






to skin colour



1189

Subcutaneous Layer






form


therapy



pain

Gels[13]







administration[5]














Gels for




1190




















liquid[14]



Thus gel















1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1187


cyclosporine A



Surgical approaches

Proposed Therapy








Boswellia serrata





Epidermis





the surface



1188







Stratum lucidum




chemicals

Dermis






to skin colour



1189

Subcutaneous Layer






form


therapy



pain

Gels[13]







administration[5]














Gels for




1190




















liquid[14]



Thus gel















1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1188







Stratum lucidum




chemicals

Dermis






to skin colour



1189

Subcutaneous Layer






form


therapy



pain

Gels[13]







administration[5]














Gels for




1190




















liquid[14]



Thus gel















1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1189

Subcutaneous Layer






form


therapy



pain

Gels[13]







administration[5]














Gels for




1190




















liquid[14]



Thus gel















1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1190




















liquid[14]



Thus gel















1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1191

Metallic stearate





a Hydrogel


c Oleogels





were studied[18]



AIM AND OBJECTIVE








1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1192



Material used
























1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1193


Polymer Profile


enhancer
















Spectrophotometer













17 Acetone



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1194









Care











1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1195
























1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1196


mukul[41]





















used





further use





identity



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1197


plates































1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1198








Appearance

Colour

Odour

Melting point


visual assessment




Solubility studies





nm








1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1199





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Determination of pH




Homogeneacity


Spreadability











Spreadability = mlt

Where



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1200



t= time in seconds

Skin irritancy test
























nm



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1201













plethysmometer



Edema (Control)

Arthritis Activity







arthritis score[68]




Arthritis score






1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1202


Score Sign









Paw Volume














( ww)

1 Total ash 357











1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1203




serrata Guggul













Boswellic acid



Melting Point









1 Water 10mgml

2 Methanol lt05mgml

3 Ethanol 5mgml




1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1204




UV Spectroscopy













0 0 0

1 10 0116

2 20 0168

3 30 0251

4 40 0315

5 50 0396



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1205


Commiphora mukul



Melting Point









Water Insoluble

Alcohol Soluble

Acetone Soluble






1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1206



spots

Distance

travelled by

solvent front

Rf value

Distance

travelled

by solute

Commiphora

mukul

Toluene Ethyl

acetate 1 42 077 54



a) UV Spectroscopy














1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1207



0 0 0

1 10 0152

2 20 0299

3 30 0462

4 40 0564

5 50 0684





F1 F2 F3 F4 F5



3 Carbapol 934 05 g 2 g 1 g 05 g 25 g

4 PEG 400 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL 10 mL





drops

2 ndash 3


2 ndash 3

drops

2 ndash 3

drops

8 Water Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL Upto 100

mL


Physical appearance




1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1208








Determination of pH






1 F1 65

2 F2 68

3 F3 708

4 F4 702

5 F5 67



Homogeneity


Spreadability



F1 375

F2 277

F3 129

F4 481

F5 148








1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1209


Formulation


50(rpm) 100(rpm)

CP CP

F1 18720 936 5982 989

F2 19680 984 5766 961

F3 11220 992 5934 997

F4 11900 935 5904 984

F5 19400 977 5970 995










0 hr 0 0

05 hr 29925 14136

1hr 31721 14608

15 hr 37219 15902

2 hr 43740 21745

25 hr 51367 24119

3 hr 58689 29886

35 hr 78584 58160

4 hr 79523 58313

45 hr 80076 58449

5 hr 80463 59226

55 hr 80739 70578

Drug Content in Gel





1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1210



00 05 10 20 40 60 80 12000

05

10

15

20Control

Carregenin induced

Test

Time (hr)

Paw

Ed

em

a








0 Hour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

05 Hour 0 0 0 0 173 171 170 172 1550 1510 1490 1350

10 Hour 0 0 0 0 178 176 174 175 0600 0580 0597 0599

20 Hour 0 0 0 0 181 179 182 180 0570 0569 0572 0571

40 Hour 0 0 0 0 154 153 155 150 1040 1042 1041 1043

60 Hour 0 0 0 0 141 140 142 143 0946 0943 0945 0945

80 Hour 0 0 0 0 135 137 136 133 0900 0888 0901 0890

120 Hour 0 0 0 0 114 115 113 112 0680 0678 0681 0679



Guggulsterones 2851


Guggulsterones 3450


Guggulsterones 5792


Guggulsterones 5694


Guggulsterones 5144



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1211

Arthritis Activity





144)=879Plt0001]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150

1

2

3

4

aCSF



Day

Art

hri

tis

Sco

re













1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1212




1 000 000 5 024 003 6 025 007 7

2 000 000 5 029 006 6 035 009 7

3 000 000 5 047 025 6 042 014 7

4 000 000 5 084 035 6 094 045 7

5 000 000 5 124 013 6 132 052 7

6 000 000 5 171 011 6 178 050 7

7 000 000 5 228 045 6 224 012 7

8 000 000 5 256 031 6 261 069 7

9 000 000 5 257 034 6 246 021 7

10 000 000 5 255 035 6 227 049 7

11 000 000 5 254 030 6 195 054 7

12 000 000 5 247 044 6 188 040 7

13 000 000 5 242 055 6 147 058 7

14 000 000 5 251 039 6 108 041 7

15 000 000 5 231 041 6 091 016 7

Stability Studies







Parameter

Storage Temperature



Appearance Turbid

gel

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

No

Change

pH 708 68 66 65 709 710 712 664 657 649

Viscosity 11229 16720 18680 19520 11329 11339 11446 11223 11206 11210

Spreadability 129 123 123 125 130 110 105 207 232 276









1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1213




























5 ACKOWLEDGEMENT







1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1214













6 REFERENCES














E562-72



605-11





1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1215



Ind Pharm 1991 17(8) 1027- 40








1991 41(12) 1265-76


edition New



ville MD 1990



99 399


edition 1998 69













2002 499ndash533





1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1216






Feb 2016 02(02)





















60612 USA February 4 2013 10(2)










1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1217









41(1) 12ndash17
















2(1) 70-74



Res 2009 1 103-16






398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1218











2007 33848ndash54




34618ndash626


384ndash389






Bioin 2009 74 114 122



2013 3051ndash3060









1219



398-405



1219



398-405

formulation and evaluation of herbal gel for anti

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