form 4 chapter 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2 Matter
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Atoms• Smallest particle of an element
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Molecules• Two or more atoms bonded together
COVALENTLY
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Ion
• Positively charged or negatively charged
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Elements• Consists of only one atoms
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Sulphur is an element !
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• Consists of ALL the same ATOMS • All S atoms
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How do we know ?• Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
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Diamond • Consists of ALL the same ATOMS • All C atoms
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Compounds
• Consists of only two or more different atoms BONDED CHEMICALLY TOGETHER
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Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
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How do we know ?• Surface Electron Tunneling Microscope
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• NaCl a compound !
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Sulphur hexafluoride• Contains S and F
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NanoKids
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FAME !!
Kinetic Theory of Matter
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State Solid Liquid Gas
Arrangement
Movement Vibrate and Rotate and FIXED position
Packed closely but no in order
Very far from one another in random arrangement
Forces of Attraction Strong Medium Weak
Energy Content Low Medium High
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Rates of Diffusion
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Napthalene• Has Van Der Waals attraction
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A to B• Solid temperature increase
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B to C
• Energy absorbed used to break bonds• Breaking bonds needs ENERGY !
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C to D• Liquid temperature increase
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D to E• Boiling !!!
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E to F• Gas temperature increase
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• Bond formation needs energy !
Bond breaking: Absorb EnergyBond formation: Release Energy
Bond formation
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Bond formationReleases
Heat into water
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BUT….Water
ReleasesHeat into surroundings