forced migration review issue 30 burmese

'kQonfavhvma&;XmecsKyf/ atmufpfzkd@'fwUokdvf

trSwfpOf 302008 ckESpf {+yDv

armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk

t,f'Dwmrsm;xHrS

rdrdwkd@taeESifh ,ckae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif; r~Zif;pmapmif FMR u jrefrmvlxktay: zdtm;ay;I ae&yfajymif;a&$@apr_. tœ&m,ftm; EkdifiHwumu

ykdrkd*&kxm;vmapa&;twGuf tultnDjzpfaprnf[k ar#mfvifhygonf? TpmapmifwGif aqmif;yg; 29 ckyg0ifI ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh tœ&m,ftwkdif;twm/

armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhvlxktm; xdckdufaponfh tajccHta=umif;w&m;rsm;ESifh tajz&SmazGr_wkd@tm; avhvmazmfxkwfxm;onf?

Tr*~Zif;onf tcrJhjzpfum jrefrm/ t*Fvdyf/ tm&yf/ jyifopfESifh pydefbmomwkd@jzifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0 xm;jcif; jzpfonf? rdrdwkd@taeESifh wuBmvkH;&Sd vlyk~KdvfwpfOD;jcif;/

tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xHokd@ pmapmift&nftwGuf 18000 ykd@ay;rnfjzpfonf?

pmapmifrsm;xyfrHvkdtyfygu [email protected] okd@ tD;ar;vfykd@ta=umif;=um;jcif; okd@r[kwf wzufyg vdyfpmtwkdif; pma&;om;awmif;qdkE_difygonf?

jrefrmESifh t*Fvdyf bmompum; ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_wkd@tm; www.fmreview.org/burma.htm wGif tGefvkdif; zwf&_E_difygonf? jyefvnfxkwfa0jcif;

okd@r[kwf aqmif;yg;wkd@tm; okd@r[kwf TpmapmifwpfckvkH;tm; ae&ma&$@ajymif;xkwfa0jcif;tm; vGwfvyfpGm vkyfaqmifE_difygonf? okd@aomf rl&if;ESifh 0ufqkd'fwkd@

tm; todtrSwfðy0efcHjcif; aqmif&Gufay;ygu rdrdwkd@taeESifh tvGef0rf;ajrmufrdrnfjzpfayonf?

rdrdwkd@taeESifh pma&;oltm;vkH;. axmufyHhulnDr_rsm;ESifh Tpmapmifjzef@csDE_difa&;twGuf tultnDay;cJh=uonfh yk~Kdvftm;vkH;wkd@tm; a=u;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?

xkdif;EkdifiH EkdifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrDwDESifh tar&dueftaxmuftyHhay;tzGJ@ USAID wkd@tm; ‚wkd@. Tjrefrmbmomjzifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_tay:

o<gw&m;xufoefpGm &HykHaiGvSL'gef;ay;tyf axmufyHhr_tm;vnf; a=u;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?

ae&yfrStwif;t"Rajymif;a&$@cH&jcif;pmapmifukd +Adwdo#EkdifiH atmufpfzkd@'f wuUokdvf&Sd 'kQonfavhvma&;XmecsKyfrS t*Fvdyf/ tm&yf/ pydefESifh jyifopfbmompum;wkd@

jzifh wESpfv#if okH;}udrfxkwfa0onf?

FMR pmapmifu rl0g'a&;qGJolrsm;/ vufawG@usifhokH;olrsm;/ okawoeynm&Sifrsm;ESifh tcsuftvufESifh tawG@tñuHESifh t=uHðycsufwkd@tm;

'kQonfrsm;/ ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;ESifh EkdifiHrJhwkd@tm; xdckdufaponfh tcsufrsm;tm; a0r#vkdonfh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;ukd,fwkdifwkd@. vufawG@

rdwfqufaqmif;yg;wkdrsm;ukd wifjyxm;onf? pmzwfy&dowfwkd@taeESifh tjcm;uGJjym;EkdifiHrsm;ESifh rwlnDonfhtajctaersm;rS vlxkwkd@taeESifh yËdyQESifh

twif;t=uyfzdtm;ay; armif;ESifxkwfjcif;wkd@a=umifh rnfokd@ xdckdufr_jzpfaponf/ tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHwumXmetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ tpkd;&rsm;ESifh

ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olwkd@taeESifh rnfokd@ tajz&Smr_ vkyfaqmifaeonfwkd@udk avhvm=uonf?

pmapmifwkdif;wGif t"duqkdvkd&if;tmabmfESifh t&efaqmif;yg;rsm;tm; twif;t"Rzdtm;ay; armif;ESifxkwfjcif; &_axmifhwkd@ukdyg tom;ay;azmfjyxm;onf?

,cift*Fvdyfbmomjzifh xkwfa0cJhonfh pmapmifrsm;tm; OyrmtaeESifh www.fmreview.org/mags1.htm wGif awG@&SdE_difygonf?

rnfonhf pmapmifukdrqkd okd@r[kwf aemifvmrnfhpmapmifwkd@tm; vufcH&&Sdvkdygu [email protected] okd@ tD;ar;ykd@awmif;cHjcif; odk@r[kwf

wzufygvdyfpmtwkdif; pma&;ta=umif;=um;E_difygonf? rSwfcsuftaeESifh TpmapmifrSm tajctaet& jrefrmbmompum;jzifh xkyfa0wifqufxm;E_difonfh

wpfckwnf;aompmpOf jzpfyga=umif;?

qrGefjzifh

rm&D,ef uavmufa&; ESifh arm&pfpf [mqef

t,f'Dwmrsm;

ae&yfrStwif;t"rRa&$@

ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmifae&yfrStwif;t"rRa&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmifu

okawoeynm&Sifrsm;/ 'kuQonfrsm; ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;ESifh ‚if;wkd@

ESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfae=uolwkd@. vufawG@tawG@tñuHrsm;/

owif;tcsuftvufESifh tawG;tac:rsm;wkd@tm; ykHrSefzvS,f=u&m

[pfwkdifwpfckukd ay;tyfxm;onf? atmufpfzkd@'fwuUokdvf/

'kuQonfavhvma&;XmecsKyfrS t*Fvdyf/ tm&yf/ pydefESifh

jyifopfbmomwkd@jzifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf? ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@

ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmiftm; aemfa0;'kuQonfaumifpDESifh yl;aygif;I

1988 ckESpfwGif pwifjzef@a0cJhonf?

t,f'Dwmrsm;rm&D,ef uavmufa&; ESifh arm&pfpf [mqef

tusKd;aqmif

[kduf'D tkdif-ruf*&DpD

bmomjyefqkdolrsm;

ukdjrwfol [email protected] [email protected] Migration ReviewRefugee Studies CentreDepartment of International DevelopmentUniversity of Oxford, 3 Mansfield Road,Oxford OX1 3TB, UKEmail: [email protected]: +44 (0)1865 280700Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721Skype: fmreview0ufbfqkd'f

www.fmreview.orgrlykdifcGifhESifh roufqkdifa=umif;&Sif;vif;csuf

rnfonfh FMR ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_ okd@r[kwf tGefvkdif;yg

tcsuftvufwkd@ukdrqkd vGwfvyfpGm jyefvnfxkwfa0E_difygonf? okd@

aomf jzpfE_difygu rl&if; FMR 0ufbfqkd'fESifh aqmif;yg;rl&if; &&Sdonfh

0ufbfqkd'fvdyfpm URL tm; jyefvnfazmfjyay;&efjzpfonf?

FMR wGifyg0ifonfh oabmxm;rsm;rSm t,f'Dwmrsm;/

'kQonfavhvma&;XmecsKyf odk@r[kwf atmufpfzkd@'fwUokdvfwkd@.

tjrifwkd@tm;xif[yfr_r&Sdyg?

TykHESdyfxkwfa0r_tm; EkdifiHwumzG@Hòzd;wkd;wufa&; tar&duefat*sifpD

USAID rS yl;aygif;xkwfa0r_oabmwlnDcsuftrSwf

486-A-00-05-00006-00 jzifh xkwfa0jcif;jzpfonf? yg0if

onfhta=umif;t&mrsm;taeESifh USAID . tjrif okd@r[kwf

tar&dueftpkd;&tjrifwkd@tm; xyf[yfr_rðyyga=umif;?

'DZkdif; Art24www.art-24.co.ukykHESdyfpuf

&ufwemulvf ykHESdyfwkduf

[email protected] 1460-9819rsufESmzkH;"mwfykH

jrefrmhwyfrawmfppfom;rsm;csOf;uyfvmonfukd=um;od

&+yD; aemuf xGufajy;aeonfh &Gmom;rsm;? T"mwfykHukd

owif;rD'D,mtca=u;aiGr,lbJ jrefrmvlxktm;ulnDonfhtaejzifh

ay;tyfcJhonfh jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfajrmufa&;&def;*sm;wyfzGJ@xHrS &&Sdonf?

Stev

e El

liott

July 2005

■

■

■

■

■ ?■

May 2006

qlemrD vlukeful;jcif;

ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif

,cifxkwfa0cJhonfhpmapmiftm;vkH;tm; t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh www.fmreview.org/mags1.htm

wGif tifwmeuftGefvkdif; zwf&_E_difygonf? ,cifvufa&G;pifpmapmifrsm;rS t"dutmabmfrsm;

armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30

tzGifhtrSmpum; EkdifiHwGif;rSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;cH&aom jrefrmjynfolrsm;

Inge Brees ........................................................................................ 4

tajymif;tvJ ta&;ay:vkdtyfaeonfh jrefrmEkdifiH

Douglas Alexander ........................................................................... 6

EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;. umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wm0ef

Kavita Shukla .................................................................................. 7

xGufajy;&jcif;tajumif;&if;ESifh jyefvrf;c&D;twm;tqD;jzpfonfh ajrjrKyfrdkif;rsm;

Yeshua Moser-Puangsuwan ............................................................ 9

jrefrmhòrd‹awmfa[mif;rSt"rR ajymif;a&$‹apckdif;jcif;

Donald M Seekins ......................................................................... 10

xkd;ESufrlatmufub0vrf;

David Eubank ................................................................................. 10

a=umufrufzG,f&mjynfe,f tœ&,fusa&mufaeonfh trsKd;orD;rsm;

The Karen Women’s Organisation ................................................12

vlom;csif;pmemonfhvkyfykdifcGifhtm;zJhxkwfjcif;

Jean-François Durieux and Sivanka Dhanapala ..........................13

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ‘zdtm;ay;ESifxkwfrl’tm; teufzGifhjcif;.......................................... 16

jynfwGif;ppfajy; 'kQonfrsm;twGuf vlom;csif;pmemonfh taxmuftyHh (vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh

aqG;aEG;csufrsm;)

Ashley South .................................................................................. 17

jynfwGif;ppfajy; 'kuQonfrsm;.qefŒusif ckcHa&;enf;AsL[mrsm;

Poe Shan K Phan and Stephen Hull .............................................18

jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;.emwm&Snfta&;ay:taetxm;tm;wkef@jyefjcif;

The Thailand Burma Border Consortium ..................................... 20

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;rsKd;qufjyefŒyGm;a&; qkdif&musef;rma&; aqmif&Gufa&;OD;pm;ay;

John Bercow ................................................................................... 22

ESpf&Snfjynfya&muftaetxm;rS tdrftjzpfcHpm;rl

Sandra Dudley ................................................................................ 23

enf;ynmESifh e,fpyfajrrSu&ifvlxk

Rachel Sharples ............................................................................. 24

'kuQonfwkdŒ.yg0ifaqmif&Gufrltm; vpfv#L&lcH&jcif;

Marie Theres Benner, Aree Muangsookjarouen, Egbert Sondorp and Joy Townsend ............................................... 25

pcef;vlŒtokdif;t0kdif;tajcðypDrHcefŒcGJa&;

Sally Thompson .............................................................................. 26

w&m;r#wrltcGifhtvrf;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;

Joel Harding, Shane Scanlon, Sean Lees, Carson Beker and Ai Li Lim ........................................................... 28

xkdif;EkdifiHwGifrjrif&ol umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; vkdtyfcsufrSwfwrf;wifjcif;

Margaret Green, Karen Jacobsen and Sandee Pyne .................. 31

xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;&SmazGaeonfhjrefrmvlrsKd;rsm; rnfonfht&yfokdh OD;wnf&rnfrod Chen Chen Lee and Isla Glaister .................................................. 33

b*Fvm;a'h&Sfa&muf &kd[if*smrsm;ESifh 'kQonftqifhtwef;

Pia Prytz Phiri ................................................................................. 34

udk;cdk&mrJh tdd,ESifhrav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&muf csif;'kQonfrsm;

Amy Alexander ................................................................................ 36

vlŒtcGifhta&;aqmif&Gufrlrsm;jzpfyGm;aponfh 0ifa&mufaexkdifjcif;ESifhvlukeful;jcif;

Nikolas Win Myint .......................................................................... 38

tm&S. opfvGifonfh avSvkdufolrsm;

Chris Lewa ...................................................................................... 40

jrefrmEkdifiH. arhaysmufxm;jcif;cH&onfh jynfolrsm;

Nyi Nyi Kyaw ................................................................................... 41

usefaecJh&efcufcJonfh tpktðyHvkdufa&$hhhajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_.tusKd;quf

Susan Banki and Hazel Lang ........................................................ 42

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhywfoufonfhtay:u&ifvlxk.toHrsm;

The Karen Women’s Organisation, with Sarah Fuller and Eileen Pittaway ....................................................................... 45

aESmifhaES;=umjrifhaeonfh'kQonftajctaew&yf.ynma&;tajymif;tvJ

Marc van der Stouwe and Su-Ann Oh .......................................... 47

arWmjzifh&SufzD;okd@

Patricia Hynes and Yin Mon Thu ................................................... 49

jrefrmEkdifiHESifh em*pfpfqkdifuvkH;rkefwkdif; ............................................................ 52

armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk

plus:

Massive displacement in Iraq

Forgotten Kosovo IDPs

Somalis risk death crossing Red Sea

Misrepresenting Sudan’s Lost Boys

Voices of displaced Colombians

Published by the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

issue 27January 2007

Sexual violence: weapon of war,

impediment to peace

Published by the Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford.

issue 28July 2007

Enhancing Southern capacity: rhetoric and reality

Published by the Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford

issue 29December 2007

Humanitarian reform: fulfilling its promise?

Also includes articles on:Iraq, Darfur, Colombia,

Bulgaria, Bhutanese refugees, accountability, protection, profiling IDP populations, role of the private sector

and regular contributors:RSC, NRC, IDMC, Brookings-Bern, RAISE Initiative

FMR_29_English 1 26/11/07 13:24:17

vdifykdif;qkdif&m&ufpufr_ awmifykdif;om;wkd@. t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; vlom;csif;pmema&;ðyjyifajymif;vnf;r_

ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif

,cifxkwfa0cJhonfhpmapmiftm;vkH;tm; t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh www.fmreview.org/mags1.htm

wGif tifwmeuftGefvkdif; zwf&_E_difygonf? ,cifvufa&G;pifpmapmifrsm;rS t"dutmabmfrsm;

4 armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxk FMR 30FMR 30

Ak<bmomoHCmawmfrsm;OD;aqmifonfh pufwifbmqjyv_

yf&Sm;r_rsm;ukd qif;&JwGif;eufae+yD;om;vlxktm;

tjyif;txefxdckdufaponfh avmifpmqDaps;E_ef; rsm;

&kwfw&ufjrSifhwifvkdufr_u pwifrD;ar$;ay;cJhonf?

&uftenf;i,f=um+yD;aemufwGif +idrf0yfydjym;r_

ukd xdyg; aESmifh,Sufonf[kqkdum tpkd;&u

&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfpGm tqkH;owfcJhonf?

uBmay:&Sdtpkd;&tm;vkH;u xkd+zKdcGif;acsr_ef;r_tm;

&_wfcscJh=u+yD; ukvor~twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfu jrefrm

tm%mykdifrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;nSdE_dif;&ef txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f

rpPwm tDb&m[if *rfbm&Dukdapv$wfcJhonf?

wcsdefwnf;wGif w&kwf ESifh &k&Sm;EkdifiHwkd@u TudPtay:

jrefrmhjynfwGif;a&;jy\emoufoufjzpfI

“EdkfifiHwumvkHjcHKa&;ukd +cdrf;ajcmufr_r&Sd” [k owfrSwfum

‚wkd@. tcGifhta&;jzpfonfh ADwkdtm%mokH;I ukvor~

vkHjcHKa&;aumifpDwGif jrefrmhta&;udPaqG;aEG;r_

ukd ydwfqkd@[ef@wm;cJhonf? xdktwGufa=umifh

ukvor~vkHjcHKa&;aumifpD.wm0ef,lvkyfykdifcGifhESifh

roufqkdifonfh jyifyta&;udPtjzpf a&mufcJh&onf?

1988 ckESpfwGif jrefrmtm%modrf;ppftkyfpkt

aejzifh wjynfvkH;tkHºuGr_ukd+zdKcGif;cJhonfhtwGuf

yËdyQjzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpfonf[k jrefrmta&;tpD&ifcHpm

trsm;pkuqkd=uonf? xkdtcsdefu tjzpftysufa=umifh

yËdyQ trSefwu,fpwifcJhovm;/ 1962

ckESpf ppfwyfutm%modrf;onfhtcsdef

uwnf;upwifcJhovm; okd@r[kwf xkdtcsdefrwkdifcif

1948 ckESpf +Adwdo#xHrS vGwfvyfa&;&t+yD;

tjcm;vlrsKd;pkrsm;.tcuftcJukd vspfv#L&_I

tenf;pkjzpfonfh tcsKd@aomwkdif;&if;om;rsm;. ukd,fykd

iftkyfcsKyfcGifhukday;tyfcJhonfh umvuwnf;uvm;

(xdkwkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrsm;onf tajctaeukd

óudwifwGufqum aemifwGif TrnDr#r_twGuf

awmckdumvufeufukdifwkdufyGJ0ifcJh

=uonf)? 1988 a=umifhjzpfcJh&onfqkdygu

q,fpkESpfrsm;pGmapmI (rd&kd;zvm) ukd,fykdiftcGifhta&;

awmif;qkd=uonfh vlenf;pkwkdif;&if;om;rsm;tm;

vspfv#L&_&musayrnf? trSefrSm 80 ckESpfaESmif; 1988

vlxktkH=uGr_tusKd;quftm;jzifh‚/ wkdif;&if;om;wyfrsm;.

ukd,fykdife,fajrrsm;qkH;&_H;r_ESifh wkdif;jynf.vuf&Sd pD;yGm;a&;

ta&;ay:tajctaewkd@t&‚ 'kQonfESifh jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;. ta&twGufrSm

*&kjyKowdxm;rd&avmufatmifyif jrifhwufvmcJhonf?

,ae@tcgwGif tkd;tdrfpGef@cGmxGufajy;&jcif;onf ae&mtESH@YjzpfyGm;aeayonf?

2007 ckESpf ZGefvwGif tjynfjynfqkdif&m=uufajceDaumfrwDrS jrefrmppftpkd;&.

jynfolvlxktwGif; tawmrowfedkifonfh ta=umufw&m;ukd zefwD;

vkyfaqmifaejcif;ESifh vlaxmifESifhcsDItkd;ypftdrfypf xGufajy;&onfh taetxm;

(okd@r[kwf) EkdifiH&yfjcm;okd@ xGufajy;&onfhtaetxm;a&mufap&ef

tm;ay;vkyfaqmifaer_tm; jzpfawmifhjzpfcJ &_wfcsr_w&yfxkwfjyefcJhonf?

vGefcJhonfhhq,fpkESpftwGif; vloef;w0ufeD;yg; ta&S@e,fpyfwav#mufokdf@ ‚wkd@

aetdrfrsm;rS twif;t"Rarmif;xkwfcHcJh=u&onf? tcsKyftm;jzifh jrefrmoef;ESifhcsDI

tdrfeD;jcif;EkdifiHrsm;odk@ jzwfausmf0ifa&mufcJh=uonf? cef@rSef;ajct& jrefrmESpfoef;cefhwkd@

onf xkdif;EkdifiHwGif 0ifa&muf&SmazGvkyfukdif pm;aomufaexkdifv#uf&Sdonf?

tzGifhtrSmpum;

EkdifiHwGif;rSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;cH&aom jrefrmjynfolrsm; tifh*sf b&D;pf

pufwifbm 2007 wGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfh a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;u jrefrmEkdifiHukd

EkdifiHwum. t"du tm&kHpkduf&m taetxm;okd@a&muf&Sdvmap&ef

wGef;ykd@cJhayonf? tcsKyftm;jzifh ppftpkd;&taeESifh rnfokd@wkef@jyefrnfukd

apmifh=unfhp&m owif;acgif;}uD;jzpfcJhI 'Drkdua&pDESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;

jyefvnf&&Sda&;qDokd@ wkd;wufr_t&dyftaiG@rsm;ukd ar#mfvifhp&mjzpfcJh&onf?

twkduftcHESifh ppftpkd;&ESpfbufpvkH; xyfrHvkyfaqmifcsuf

tenf;i,fuav;om&SdonfhtwGuf (wkef@jyeft=urf;zufr_ okd@r[kwf

xif&Sm;onfhqjyr_ jyefvnfjzpfay:vmjcif;vnf;r&Sd) EkdifiHwum.

pdwf0ifpm;r_rSmvnf; ,Jh,Jhr#om&Sdonf? ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@

ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif (FMR) taeESifh t"Rzdtm;ay;ESifxkwfaer_

uyfqkd'faeonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;. ta=umif;ukd EkdifiHwumokd@

rD;armif;xkd;jyEdkifa&;twGuf jyefvnf azmfxkwf&eff &nf&G,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf?

Population: 48 million

Ethnic groups: Burman (68%), Shan (9%), Karen (7%), Rakhine (4%), Chinese (3%), Indian (2%), Mon (2%), other (5%)

Naypyidaw, administrative capital

[source: Burma Campaign UK]

Free Burma Rangers/Nick Hill nick@nickhilldesign.

co.uk

FMR 30 5armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhjrefrmvlxkFMR 30 FMR 30

vufeufukdifyËdyQrsm;a=umifh okd@r[kwf EkdifiHa&;ESdyfuGyfr_rsm;a=umifh

xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifae&ygu ‚wkd@taeESifh 'kQonfpcef;rsm;wGif umuG,faxmufyHhr_

&&SdE_difonf? Ekd0ifbm 2005 aemufykdif;xGufajy;a&muf&Sdvmolrsm;taeE

Sifh 'kQonfav#mufxm;r_ukd w&m;0ifqkdif;iHhxm;onfhtaetxm; t& xkdapmifha&Smufr_

rsm;&&SdEdkif&ef oifh awmfonfhtaetxm;r&Sdawmhay? xkdolrsm;taeESifh

tjcm;a&G;cs,fp&mvrf; r&SdbJ 'kQonfpcef;jyifywGif aexkdif=u&onfhtwGuf

w&m;r0ifckd;0ifvmolrsm;[k owfrSwfum zrf;qD;jyefykd@cH=u&onf?

xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh Tokd@ 'kQonfESifh 0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tqifhtwef;ukd wif;=uyfpGm

cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;&jcif;tay: aumif;rGefonfhta=umif;jycsufrsm;

&Sdonf? pcef;rsm;twGif;aexkdifcGifh&olrsm;taeESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh

tultnDomru w&m;0iftodtrSwfðy jynfyokd@xGufcGmjcif;ta=umif;&if;

jzpfonfh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; pDrHudef;rsm; wGifvnf;yg0ifcGifh&ayonf?

xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh tdrfeD;jcif;EkdifiHrsm;rS 0ifa&mufvmonfh 'kQonfrsm;. 0efydaeonfrSm

q,fpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGm =umae+yDjzpfI tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;t& ukdifwG,faqmif&Guf

Edkifavmufonfh taetxm;tay:wGif wif;usyfonfh xdrf;csKyfukdifwG,faqmif&Guf&ef

q&Sdaeayonf? xkd@a=umifh xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh *seDAmoabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyfwGif

,ckwkdif oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif;r&Sdao;bJ 'kQonfrsm;ukd

“yËdyQrsm;a=umifh ,m,D tkd;tdrfpGef@cGmvm&onfholrsm;”[k txl;ac:qkdokH;E_ef;

um‚'kQonfrsm;. xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;aexkdifr_onf jrefrmEkdifiH. tajctaersm;

jyefvnfwnf+idrfvmv#ifvmjcif; &yfwef@oGm;rnf[kvufcHxm;onf?

jrefrmjynfESifh e,fedrdwfjcif;qufpyfaeonfh tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;wGif a&muf&Sdaeonfh

jrefrm'kQonfta&twGufukd wduspGmod&Sd&jcif;r&Sday okd@aomfvnf; b*Fvm;a'h&Sf/

tdd,/ w&kwfESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHrsm;wGif tpkvkduftðyHvkdufa&mufvmonfh

jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;pGmta&; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;ae&onf? xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh

'kQonftrsm;pkukdvufcHae&+yD; jrefrmtwkduftcHwkd@. tajcðyv_yf&Sm;r_

&Sdaeojzifh Tae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif (FMR) wGif

yg0ifonfhaqmif;yg;trsm;pkonf xkdif;EkdifiH. tajctaeESifh u&ifwkdif;&if;om;wkd@

ta=umif; tav;xm; azmfjyxm;onfukdawG@&rnfjzpfonf?

tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;wGif &Sdaomjrefrm'kQonf rsm;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;

tjcm;a'orsm;wGif&Sdaom jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm; . tajctaeudk

arS;rSdefxm;cJhonf[k rxifrSwfrdap&efjzpfonf? xkdolrsm;.ta=umif;rSmvnf;

owif;tcsuftenf;i,fom&SdonfjzpfI azmfxkwfwifjy&ef vkdtyf aeonfh

[muGufwckjzpfaeayonf?

xkd'kQonfwkd@twGuf ckdifrmonfhajz&Sif;r_rsm;aqmif&GufEdkif&efrSm

vuf&SdtajctaewGif EkdifiHwpfckckokd@ ajymif;a&$@aexkdifap&ef ae&mcsxm;r_

pDrHcsufonf t"duqkHcsufjzpfaeayonf? wm0ef,lr_cGJa0aqmif&Guf=u&mwGif

taemufEkdifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;u jrefrm'kQonftkyfpkrsm;tm;

vufcH&efoabmwlxm;=uonf? Tvkyfaqmifr_. tusKd;qufrSm

xkdif;EkdifiH'kQonfpcef;rsm;rS taemufwkdif;okd@ykd@aqmifa&; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_

twkdif;twmrsm;pGm&SdcJhonf? b*Fvm;a'h&SfESifh tdd,&Sd wkd;csJ@aqmif&Gufvmonfh

'[email protected];wludPrsm;vnf; tygt0ifjzpfonf?

TpmapmifwGifyg0ifaom aqmif;yg;rsm;pGmwdkhonf 'kQonftjzpftodtrSwfðy

apmifha&Smufr_&&Sda&; apmifhqkdif;onfhumvwGif pcef;rsm;twGif; 'kQonfrsm;um

uG,fapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif jzpfay:vmonfhudPrsm;ESifh

'kQonfrsm;twGif; pkd;&drfylyefr_ (qufqHa&;wif;rmr_) rsm;ESifh tjcm;wpfEdkifiHodk@

ajymif;a&$@aexkdifa&;twGuf ae&mcsxm;a&;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ukd

&Sif;vif;wifjyxm;onf? ae&yfa'ojyefykd@jcif; (okd@) a'owGif; aygif;pnf;aexkdifapjcif;

uJhokd@aom tjcm;ckdifrmonfh ajz&Sif;r_rsm;tm;pOf;pm;&mwGifvnf;

vkdtyfcsufrsm;&Sdaeayao;onf? ae&yfa'ojyefykd@jcif;rSm vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif

rjzpfedkifaomfjim;vnf; Xmersm;taeESifh teJqkH; jrefrmjynf. jzpfedkfifajc&Sdonfh

vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ukdOD;wnfrnfh ar#mfvifhrxm;onfh tajymif;tvJrsm;ukd

xnfhpOf;pm;oifhonf? ueOD; pDrHudef;rSm tvGefta&;}uD;ayonf? wcsdefwnf;wGif

a'owGif;aygif;pnf;aexkdifap&ef rwluGJjym;onfh ajz&Sif;r_vkyfaqmifa&;twGuf

pOf;pm;awG;awmxm;oifhayonf? 'kQonfvufcHonfh tdrf&SifEkdifiHtrsm;pku

Ta&G;cs,fr_tm; qef@usifapumrl rdrdwkd@. okawoetcsuftvufrsm;t&

jrefrmjynfom;trsm;pkrSm wOD;wnf;aexkdif onfh"avhukd qef@usifum

,cifuwnf;u aygif;pnf;aexkdif=uonfholrsm;jzpfjcif;/ tjcm;wpfcsufrSm

‚wkd@onf xkdtdrf&SifEkdifiHwkd@. pD;yGm;a&;vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd jznfhpGrf;Edkifrnfh

t&nftcsif;ESifhqDav#mfolrsm;yif jzpfonf[k n$efjyxm;onf? ckdifrmonfhajz&Sif;r_

rsm;tay: yGifhvif;onfh tajctwifaqG;aEG;r_rsm;ESifh (ydwfxm;onfh) pcef;rsm;.

vufiif;wkd;wufr_rsm;onf jrefrm'kQonfrsm;ESifh ‚wkd@oGm;a&mufrnfh tdrf&SifEkdifiH wdk@

twGuf ta&;ay:vkdtyfcsufyifjzpfayonf?

txufygtwkdif; jrefrmvlxktaeESifh a'owckvkH;twGif;jzpfyGm;aeonfh

ae&yfrSzdtm;ay;armif;xkwfcH&r_ukdcHpm;ae&onfh Tvlom;wkd@.

tusyftwnf;onf a'oqkdif&mtaeESifh jy\emajz&Sif;r_rsm; vkdtyfaeonf?

jrefrmhtm%modrf;ppftkyfpk. vkyf&yfrsm;t& us,fjyef@onfh vkyfaqmifr_

pDrHcsufonfyifv#if vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif jzpfEdkifonfhtajctaer&SdonfhtwGuf

ukvor~'kQonfrsm; qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; UNHCR taeESifh 'kQonfvufcHonfh

EkdifiHtm;vkH;yg0ifonfh t=uHay;aumfrDwDukd zGJ@pnf;I jrefrm'kQonfrsm;ta&;ukd

pkaygif;csOf;uyfr_jzifh aqG;aEG;ndSE_dif;tajz&SmoGm;&ef wkdufwGef;oifhonf? okd@aomf

vkdpfcsm Loescher ESifh arvfem Milner wkd@. tqkduJhokd@yif Ttcsufonf

wckwnf;aomtajz&Smr_yifjzpfonf? “a'owGif; 'kQonfrsm;.vkdtyfcsufrsm;tay:

vlom;qefonfhwkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_onf 'kQonfrsm;xGufajy;ap&ef

qufvuft"Rzdtm;ay;aeonfh ‚wkd@arG;zGm;&m ZmwdEkdifiHwGif;tajctaersm;

ajyvnfEdkifa&;twGuf tajz&Smcsufwpfckr[kwfay?” tu,fI jrefrmEkdifiH.

us,fjyef@onfhtwkdif;twm&Sdonfh ae&yfrS zdtm;ay;armif;xkwfcHae&rl

trSefwu,fyaysmufapvkdygu ukvor~txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f. tjcm;tzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;yg0ifonfh jrefrmjynfwGif;awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfajrmufa&; / zdtm;ay;

óud;yrf;tm;xkwfr_rsm;onf rvGJraoGvkdtyfonfh vkdtyfcsufyifjzpfonf? okd@aomf

2008 ckESpf rwfvwGif ‚

ukd,fpm;vS,foGm;a&mufcJhonfhc&D;pOft+yD; ppfrSefonfhaqG;aEG;a&;tvm;tvmrSm

pdwfysufp&mtjzpf &Sif;vif;pGmod=u&onf?

2008 ckESpf ZEM0g&DvwGif tm%modrf;ppftkyfpku trsKd;om;nDvmcHtaeESifh zGJ@pnf;t

kyfcsKyfykHtajccHOyaNrl=urf;ukd a&;qGJ+yD;+yDjzpfI jrefrmvlxk. EkdifiHawmfvlxkqcH,lyGJwGif

rJqay;=u&rnfjzpfum a&G;aumufyGJrsm;ukdvnf; ouU&mZf 2010 wGif

usif;yrnfjzpfa=umif; a=ujimcJhonf? aemufqkH;tðyoabmaqmifonfh

wkd;wufr_ayvm;[k okd@avmokd@avmjzpf=u&onf? jzpfcsifjzpfayrnf okd@

aomf pOf;pm;p&mrsm;pGm usef&Sdaeayao;onf? qef@usifol odk@r[kwf

trsKd;om;nDvmcHESifh vlxkqcH,lyGJtm; qef@usifa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ vkyfaqmifoltm;

EkdifiHawmfopPmazmuf[k owfrSwfI tjypfay;onfhtaeESifh axmif'%fESpf&Snfvrsm;

uscH&rnfjzpfonf? xkd@jyif twkduftcHacgif;aqmif Ekdb,fvf+idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif

a':atmifqef;pk=unftm; +Adwdo#vlrsKd;ESifh vufxyfcJhonfhtwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGif

yg0if,SOfòydifcGifh ray;ay? *rfbm&Du EkdifiHwumrS apmifh=unfhavhvmolrsm;tm;

vlxkqcH,lyGJwGif 0ifa&mufavhvmcGifhðya&;twGuf arwWm&yfcHcJhonfhtcg ol@

tm; twkduftcHtm; bufvkdufItm;ay;tm;ajrSmufðyonf[k pGyfpGJcJhonf?

vlom;csif;pmemonfh tajctaeESifh EkdifiHa&;twkdif;twmwkd@onfh xkd@twGufa=umifh

tvGefcufcJonfhtaetxm;wGifyif &Sdaeayao;onf?

rdrdwkd@taeESifh Tpmapmifjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf yg0ifa&;om;ulnD=uonfh

todynm&Siftwwfynm&Sifrsm;/ ukvor~Xmersm;/ tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tjyif yËdyQZkeftwGif;rS

a&;om;ay;=uonfh 'kQonfrsm;/ jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm; ukd,fwkdifESifh ‚wkd@.

tjrifrsm;tm; =um;od&jcif;&Sdr&Sd aocsmap&efpkHprf;ay;cJh=uonfh 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tm;

txl;a=u;Zl;wif&Sdyga=umif;?

tifh*sf b&D;pf Inge Brees ([email protected]) onf b,fvf*sD,rfEkdifiH

*D[ef@wuUokdvftajcpkduf yuQESifhqyfqkdifonfhokawoetzGJ@ yg&*lbGJ@&ausmif;oljzpfonf?

olronf r=umrDu 'kQonfpcef;wGif ukd,fwkdiftajccsaexkdifaeonfh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd'kQonfrsm;.

toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESifhywfoufaom okawoeðya&;twGuf pDrHaqmif&GufcJhonf?

1 ‘xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; aESmifhaES;=uef@=umaeonfh'kQonfrsm;.tajctae - tajz&Smr_rsm;qDokd@'? ‘Protracted refugee situation in Thailand: towards solutions.' xkdif;EkdifiHEkdifiHjcm;pme,fZif;rsm;uvyfokd@ wifjycsuf Foreign Correspondents Club of Thailand? 2006 ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv 1 &uf?

2 a&;om;ay;ykd@=uonfh 'kQonfrsm;. vkHjcKHa&;twGuf ‚[email protected];ukd xnfhoGif;azmfjyjcif;rðyyg? ‚[email protected];qkdcsuft& vltrnftpm;

tzGJ@tpnf;trnfrsm;ukdrSwfwrf;wifazmfjyay;ygonf?


ppftkyfpk. &ufpufr_ukd jrefrmjynfrSxGufajy;cJh=uonfh 'kQonfwkd@u

ukd,fwkdifoufaocHEkdifayonf? ZM0g&DvwGif rdrdtaeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrS

ig;rkdiftuGmwGifomwnf&Sdonfh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd r,fv'kQonfpcef;okd@

tvnftywfa&mufcJhpOfu tm%modrf;ppftkyfpka=umihf 'kQcHpm;&ol 'kQonf

'gZifaygif;rsm;pGm. tjzpfwkd@ukd =um;cJh&onf? 1948 ckESpfwGif Tpcef;taeESifh

'kQonf 1100 ukd c_dv_HcGifhay;apmifha&SmufcJh aomfvnf; ,cktcg vlOD;a& 40000

cef@tm; vufcHxm;&ayonf? ,cifESpfu r,fvwGifaexkdifol 7000 tm;

tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;okd@ ykd@aqmifae&mcsxm;ay;cJhaomfjim;vnf; 'kQonfta&twGufrSm

wkd;wufvmaeayonf? vuf&Sdr,fvwGifusef&Sdaexdkifaom pcef;om;tcsKd@onf

rlvtpuwnf;u aexkdifaeolrsm;jzpfonf? tcsKd@rSm r=umrD&ufoWywfrsm;ESifh

vrsm;twGif; ajrjrSkyfrSdkif; t=uD; tus,f axmifxm;onfh e,fpyfukdjzwfausmfI 0ifa

&mufaexdkifcJhjcif;jzpfonf?

trsm;pk taeESifh ppfwyfu ‚[email protected];&Gmrsm;tm; rD;&_d@jymcscJhojzifh

jyefp&majrr&Sdjzpfaea=umif; ajymjy=uonf? uav;okH;a,muf&Sdonfh

zcifwpfOD;url ppfwyfuol@

tm; ppftokH;taqmifypPnf;rsm;

tcrJh o,f,lykd@aqmifay;&ef

trdef@ay;apckdif;cJhI

xGufajy;cJh&jcif;jzpfonf[k

ajymqkdcJhonf? ‚taeESifh

&Sif;vif;onfh a&G;p&mvrf;rSm

trdef@twkdif;ay:wmtaeESifh

vkdufxrf;v#ifvkdufxrf;

okd@r[kwf ppfwyftm;

vmbfxkd;&efom&Sdonf? okd@

aomfvnf;aiGr&SdonfhtwGuf ol@

taeESifhykef;atmif;aecJhonf?

ppfwyfrS ‚ay:wma=u;

ta=utvnfay;acsr_r&Sdolwkd@.

tdrfrsm;tm;

r=umc%pD;eif;&SmazGavh&Sdonf?

wcgw&H wpfnwnf;wGif okH;av;

}udrf 0ifa&muf&SmazGavh&Sd&m

‚taeESifh tjcm;

a&G;cs,fp&mvrf;r&Sdawmhojzifh

rdom;pkESifhtwl xkdif;EkdifiHbufokd@

xGufajy;cJh&ayonf?

0rf;enf;p&maumif;onfrSm

rdrd.c&D;pOftwGif;

tvm;wlt"Rvkyftm;ay;ckdif;apr_

Zwfvrf;rsm;rSm r&kd;edkifonfh tjzpfrsm;yifjzpfayawmhonf?

aus;&GmwGiftwif;t"Rcdkif;apjcif;rS umuG,f&eftwGuf trsKd;orD;wpffOD;o!f

vufeufudkif rdcifrsm;wyfukd teD;ywf0ef;usif aus;&Gmrsm;ESifhtwl zGJ@pnf;xm;um

t"Rvkyftm;ay;ckdif;apr_wkd@ukd tumtuG,fay;cJhonf? rkqkd;rwpfOD;url

ppfwyfrS‚wkd@tm;ypfrSwfxm;vmI olr.orD;okH;OD;ukdac:um e,fpyfokd@

jzwfausmfxGufajy;cJh&onf? rdom;pkwkdif;wGif ‚wkd@xHrS ppfwyf. (tcsKd@udPrsm;wGif

wkdif;&if;om;wyfrsm;.) qufa=u; okd@r[kwf umuG,fa&;&HykHaiGtwGuf

+cdrf;ajcmufaiGnSpfr_rsm;ta=umif; ukd,fawG@Zwfvrf;rsm;pGm&Sdayonf?

&Gmrsm;zsufqD;cH&jcif;/ pepfwuspDpOfvkyfaqmifonfh rk'drf;r_/ wm&Snfqif;&JrGJawr_/

tvkyf&Sm;yg;jcif;ESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ okd@r[kwf ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;

r&&Sdjcif;wkd@tm; ajymjycJh=uayonf? rvl;omrvGef@omtajctaeESifh cGJwrf;ES

ifhpm;&onfhtpm;taomufukdom pm;aomufae&aomfvnf; 'kQonfpcef;wGif

tenf;qkH; uav;rsm;taeESifh ausmif;wuf&ef ausmif;rsm;&Sdonf? xkd@tjyif

pcef;aumfrDwDuvnf; vlxktm; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif todtrSwfrðyjiif;qefcH&onfh

'Drkdua&pDvGwfvyfcGifhtwkdif;twmwpfcktm; ay;tyfcJhonf? rdrda&mufcJhonfh

'gzm&Sdpcef;rsm;tygt0if 'kQonfpcef;wkdif;wGif 'kQonftrsm;pk}uD;u ‚wkd@tdrfokd@

jyefvkd=uonf? r,fvwGifrl rdrdpum;ajymcJhonfh wpf0ufxufenf;yg;aom 'kQonfwdk@

onf rdrdtdrfokd@rdrdjyefoGm;vkdonf[k ajymcJh=uonf? ‚wkd@taeESifhjyefvkdonf[k

ajym=uolrsm;rSm pum;t&ajymcJh=uaomfvnf; ‚wkd@tm;vkH;.tqkdt&

'Drkdua&pDpepfrxlaxmifE_difao;cifumvywfvkH; tdrfjyef&efar#mfvifhcsufr&Sd[lIyifjz

pfonf?

trSefrSm jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaomvlxkonf tvGef

cufcJ=urf;wrf;aom b0wpfckukd OD;aqmif&kef;uefae&onfrSm tqef;r[kwfyg?

uBm htjrifhqkH;pD;yGm;tiftm;trsm;pk. 0ef;&Hxm;aom jrefrmjynfol okH;ykHwpfykHonf

wpf&ufv#if qifh (30) atmufaiGjzifh &Sifoefae=u&onf? (10) &mE_ef;rSm

vkHavmufonfhtpm;taomufr&Sd/ edkifiHhuav;OD;a& oef;ESpfq,f. wpf0ufcef@

rSm rlvwef;ausmif;ynm ukdyifqkH;cef;wkdifroif&ay? vlxk. 70 &mckdifE_ef;rSm

iSufzsm;a&m*g. tœ&m,fukd &ifqkdifae&onf? atmufwkdbmvwGif t*FvefEkdifiH.

taxmuftyHhtm; 2010 ckESpfrwkdifrD -2007-08 wGif aygifudk;oef;rS aygif

(18)oef;txd- ESpfqwkd;ay;&ef rdrdtaeESifh a=ujimcJhonf? rdrdwkd@taeESifh

tusKd;oufa&mufr_&Sda=umif; oufaojyxm;+yD;jzpfonfh [email protected];tm;

wkd;csJ hvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfonf? ‚wGif jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHe,fpyfrS

'kQonfrsm;ESifh jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonftm; apmifha&Smufa&;/ rlvwef;

ynma&;+yD;qkH;onfxdavhvmE_difonfh uav;OD;a& wkd;wufvmapa&;/ t"du

touftœ&m,fay;owfjzwfaeonfh iSufzsm;/ wDbDESifh tdyfcsftkdifAD§attkdif

'Dtufpfa&m*gwkd@tm; wkdufzsufa&;tultnDay;jcif;tjyif vlxktajccHtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;tm; ykdrdkckdifrmap&eftultnDay;vkyfaqmifoGm;jcif;wkd@ yg0ifonf? rdrdwkd@

taeESifh ukvor~Xmeqdkif&mXmersm;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh

qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfI rdrdwkd@. rnfonfhtultnDukdrqkd

jrefrmA[kdtpkd;& rSwqifhoGm;rnfr[kwfay?

atmufwkdbmvrSpI jrefrmhta&;onf owif;acgif;}uD;ykdif;u¾rSaysmufuG,f

oGm;onfrSm wpkHw&mwkd;wufvmonfh t"d`g,fr[kwfay? azazmf0g&Dv

Taqmif;yg;a&;aepOfwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unfonf tdrfwGif;tusOf;pHb0ESifhyif

&Sdaeonf? twkduftcHygwDu jrefrmEkdifiH. tajccHOya'opfa&;qGJa&;wGif

tcef;u¾wpfcktjzpfyg0if&ef jiif;qefcJhonf? xkd@tjyif [email protected]ºuGv_yf

&Sm;olrsm;tm; qufvufzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifaeonf? ppftm%modrf;tkyfpku

pufwifbmqjyr_tm; tao;tr$m;tjzpf azmfjycJhonf? vlxkqcH,lyGJðyvkyf&ef

tcsdefowfrSwfjcif;ESifh aemifwGif a&G;aumufyGJrsm; usif;yay;rnfqkdonfrSm twkduft

cHtm;vkH;zdESdyfESdrfeif;cHxm;&ygu bmt"d`g,frS&Sdrnfr[kwfay?

uBmhukvor~twGif;a&;r_;csKyf. txl;ukd,fpm;vS,f tDA&m[if *rfbm&DESifh aqG;aEG;r_

rSmvnf; ppfrSefonfhwkd;wufr_ jzpfrvmao;onfhtajctaewGif &Sdaeonf? w&kwf/

tdd,ESifh tmpD,HedkififiHrsm;tygt0if edkifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifhuk

vor~.ta&;ay:aqmif&Guftm;xkwfr_tm; rjzpfraetm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf?

tkdrif;onfhtapmifha[mif;u tm%mukdzufwG,fxm;onfhtaetxm;wGif

rdrdwkd@taeESifh jrefrmtm%modrf;ppftkyfpktwGif;&Sdvli,fxktm; ‚[email protected]'rSm

tajymif;tvJtwGuf vkdtyfcsuf okd@r[kwf awmif;qkdaer_tm; xdrf;csKyfI r&E_dif

onfukd oabmaygufem;vnfvmygap[lIom ar#mfvifh&ayawmhrnf?

v$wfawmftrwf a'guf*vyf tvufZENm;onf t*FvefEkdifiH (United Kingdom) . EkdifiHwumwkd;wufr_Xme. twGif;a&;rSL;jzpfonf? (www.dfid.gov.uk)

vGefcJhonfhpufwifbmvwGif uBmhtm&kHpkdufr_onf jrefrmEkdifiHa&$0ga&mif

awmfvSefa&;ESifh tm%modrf;ppftkyfpk. &ufpufpGmESdrfeif;cJhr_rsm;tay:wGif

usa&mufcJhonf? qjyyGJrsm;onf qif;&JwGif;usaejcif;/ vlxk. ESpfaygif;rsm;

pGmEkdifiHa&;zdESdyfcH&r_ESifh pD;yGm;a&;usqif;r_wkd@a=umifh jzpfvmonfh a'gowkd@u

pwifrD;ar$;cJhjcif;yifjzpfonf?

tajymif;tvJ ta&;ay:vkdtyfaeonfh

jrefrmEkdifiHa'guf*vyf tvufZENm;

xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd

'kuQonf

ausmif;

Mar

c va

n de

r Sto

uwe


,ae@ jrefrmEkdifiHwGif uBmay:&Sd t"Rae&yfa'orsm;rSajymif;a&$@cH&onfh

tqkd;&Gm;qkH;vkyfaqmifaer_ rsm;xJrS tqkd;qkH;u'fqkdufr_wpfck &Sdaeonf?

tESpf 50 ausmf yËdyQESifh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;u us,fjyefonfh

t"Rae&yfrSzdtm;ay; ajymif;a&$@apjcif;rsm;jzpfay:a&; OD;wnfaponf? tenf;qkH;

vlwpfoef;tm; jynfwGif;wGif xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifae&apI vlwpfoef;ausmfu

tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;jzpfonfh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf/ w&kwf/ tdd,/ rav;&Sm;eSifh

xkdif;EkdifiHrsm;okd@ xGufajy;vmcJh&onf? xkdokd@ ulnDa&;ESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;

vkyfief;rsm;rSa0; onfhtajctaewGif rdrdwkd@aetdrfrsm;rS xGufajy;vmcJh=u&olrsm;

&Sdaevifhupm; jrefrmtpkd;&url EkdifiHwGif; vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;.t}uD;qkH;

vufonfw&m;cH jzpfaeonfukdawG@&onf? wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk vlrsKd;pkwkd@

taeESifh txl;ojzifh tenf;qkH; vlig;odef;avmufrSm EkdifiHwumvlom;jcif;pm

emonfhOya' okd@r[kwf vl@tcGifhfta&;Oya'rsm;tm; csKd;azmufr_wkd@a=umifh

tvGeftrif; tiftm;csdeJ@I jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;a'orsm;wGif ae&yfrsm;tm; pGef@

cGmxGufajy; aexkdif=u&onf? r=umrDESpfrsm;twGif; EkdifiHwum tokdif;t0kdif;.

pkpnf;r_jzifh ‘umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wm0ef' tm; xdkEkdifiHom;wkd@twGuf t&SdefjrSifh

vkyfaqmifcJhaomfvnf; xkd pkd;&drfzG,f&m apmfum;r_rsm;qufvufusL;vGefaejcif;jzifh

jyifyuBm. *&kpkdufr_tenf;i,fukd &&SdapcJhonf?

vufeufukdifyËdyQqufvufjzpfyGm;aeonfh tuGuftuGif;rsm;jzpfonfh

wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pka'orsm;/ txl;ojzifh ta&S@ykdif;e,fpyfwpfavsmufwGif

tpkd;&wyfrsm;taeESifh us,fjyef@pGmjzpfay:aeonfh zdpD;ESdyfpufr_/ nSOf;yrf;ESdyfpufr_/

Oya'rJhuGyfrsufr_/ uav;rsm;tm; twif;ppfr_xrf;apjcif;/ rk'def;usifhjcif;/

bmoma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;tm; azmufcGJzsufqD;jcif;ESifh t"Rvkyftm;ay;apjcif;wkd@

tay: wm0ef&Sdonf? tpkd;&wyfrsm;u vufeufukdifqef@usifa&;awmfvSefa&;tzGJ@wkd@.

pm;a&&dQm/ &HykHaiG/ vlopfpkaqmif;a&;ESifh owif;axmufyHhr_rsm;tm; jzwfawmuf&ef

&nf&G,fonfh ‘jzwfav;jzwf’ [ktrnf&onfh wefjyefawmfvSefa&;pDrHcsufwGif

EkdifiHom;wkd@tm; twif;t=uyf ‚[email protected]&yfa'orsm;rS armif;xkwfjcif;ukdvkyfaqmif

cJh=uonf?

jrefrmtpkd;&rS wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk vlrsKd;pkwkd@tay: wrif&nf&G,fI ðyvkyfaeonfh

zdpD;ESdyfpufr_ESifh twif;t=uyfae&yfrSarmif;xkwfa&;tjzpfwkd@rSm &yfwef@aejcif;

odk@r[kwf jywfawmif;jywfawmif;vkyfjcif;rsKd; r[kwfbJ jrefrmtpkd;&. r[mAsL[mt&

wnf+idrfonfh xdrf;csKyfr_rsm;vkyfaqmif&ef vufawG@ESifh wom;wnf;usaeonfh v_

yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifr_jzpfonf? ‚vkyf&yfwkd@taeESifh vlom;qef@usifa&; &mZ0wfr_rsm;uJhokd@

oabmoufa&mufaeayonf? tpkd;&wyfrsm;tm; wkdufckdufaeonfh wkdif;&if;om;wyf

wkd@onfvnf; enfyg;onfhyrm%taeESifh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;tm;

ºul;vGef=uonf? &maxmifcsDonfh vlxktaeESifh a&G;cs,fp&mvrf;r&Sdawmhonfht

wGuf ZmwdajrukdpGef@cGmI vkHðcHonfht&yfrsm;okd@ oGm;a&muf=u&onf? typftc

wf&yfpJxm;onfhae&mrsm;wGifyif wyfrawmftaeESifh vltcGifhta&;rsm; qufvuf

csKd;azmufaeonfhtwGuf ae&yfukdpGef@cGmxGufajy;&r_rsm; qufvuf jzpfyGm;aponf?

ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tay: umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh tultnDay;r_

EkdifiHwumuef@owfcsufjzpfonfh jynfwGif;ae&yfrS armif;ESifxkwfcH&

olrsm;tay: vrf;n$efpnf;urf;csufrsm; tm; wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_rsm;

vkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfcsuft& tcsKyftjcmtm%mt,ltqtay: zGJ@

pnf;csrSwfcJhonf? ‚wkd@u EkdifiHhtm%mykdifrsm;taeESifh ‚wkd@. w&m;pD&ifykdifcGifhtwGif;

ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; tultnDay;a&;ESifh tumtuG,fay;a&;wkd@ay;tyf&ef

tajccHwm0ef&Sd+yD; wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_rsm; vkyfaqmifoGm;&efwkd@tm;

twnfðycJhonf? EkdifiHhtm%mykdifrsm;xHrS xkdae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;taeE

Sifh tultnDawmif;a&;ESifh tumtuG,f&&Sda&;tcGifhta&;wkd@tm; tultnDESifh

tumtuG,f&&Sda&;wkd@twGufvnf; tmrcHay;cJhonf? pnf;urf;csufrsm;u

ekdifiHwum vlom;csif;pmemr_tultnDay;a&; vkyfaqmifaeonfh tzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;. tcGifhta&;tm; ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; taxmuftyHhay;a&;ðyvkyf&ef

rD;armif;xkd;jycJhonfhtjyif tpkd;&wpfcktaeESifh xif&mjrif&mqkwfukdifxm;um

txl;ojzifh ‚ukd,fwkdif rwwfE_difjcif; odk@r[kwf tultnDay;tyfvkdjcif;r&Sdonfhtcg

xkdtjcm;olrsm;ay;tyfrnfh taxmuftyHhwkd@tm; vufrcHjcif;/ vkdufavsmr_

rðyjcif;rsKd;rvkyfoifha=umif; tav;teufazmfjycJhonf?

ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfonfh vkyf&yfrsm;twGuf EkdifiHtm%mykdifr‡m t

}uD; tus,f wm0ef&Sdaeonfh jrefrmEkdifiHta&;wGif ppfajy;'kQonfudPu

EkdifiHa&;xdvG,fckdufvG,fjzpfr_wkd@tm; jzpfay:aeaponf? ‚tpkd;&u

ppfajy;'kQonf&Sdaeonfukd todtrSwfðy&ef jiif;qefcJhonfhjyif ‚wkd@

tm; todtrSwfðya&; odk@r[kwf tultnDay;a&; pDrHcsufvnf;r&Sday?

EkdifiHwum vlom;csif;pmemr_jzifh axmufyHhulnDay;onfh tzGJ@rsm;u ‚wkd@.

wm0efcsxm;vkyfaqmifr_jzifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ tenf;i,fr#omay;tyf

E_difonf? OyrmtaeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHtaemufykdif; EkdifiHwum tultnDay;tzGJ$@

jrefrmtpkd;&. ‚[email protected];rsm;tm;qef@usifI qufvufðyvkyfaeonfh

pkd;&drfzG,f vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;ESifh &ifqkdifae&aomfvnf; EkdifiHwum

tokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHtay: wm0ef,lumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;rl

Responsibility to Protect (R2P) t& pwifwkef@jyefr_rsm;

ðyvkyfoGm;&ef ta&;}uD;onf?

EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;.

umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wm0efumADwm &SLuvm

xGufajy;

ae=uonfh

&Gmom;rsm;

2007 ckESpf/

atmufwkdbm

Free

Bur

ma

Rang

ers


rsm;&Sdonfh &ckdifjynfe,fwGif csKd;azmufr_rsm; av#mhcsr_wpkHw&m&Sdonf? okd@aomf

EkdifiHwum vlom;csif;pmema&; taxmuftyhHay;tzGJ@rsm;. yËdyQjzpfyGm;aeonfh

jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif; e,fpyfZkefrsm;twGif; ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;ESifh tjcm;csnfheJ@

aeonfhvlxk xHoGm;a&muftultnDay;a&;tm; cGifhðyay;&ef jiif;qefjcif;cH&onf?

EkdifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrDwD International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) taeESifh Ta'orsm;twGif; vGwfvyfpGmvkyfaqmifcGifh&onfh

wpfckwnf;aomtzGJ@jzpfonf? okd@aomf vuf&Sd EkdifiHawmfat;csr;fom,ma&;ESifh zGH@

òzd;a&;aumifpD (etz) [kvlodrsm;onfh jrefrmtpkd;&. EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJ.

OD;wnfr_rsm;u 2004 ckESpfwGif ykdI txD;usefapI xkdaumfrDwDtaeESifhvnf;

xdpyfvkyfaqmifcGifh&apa&;twGuf csKyfcs,fuef@owfr_topfrsm;ESifh

&ifqkdifae&onf? armif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh vlxkxHokd@ e,fpyfjzwfausmfc&D;pOftm;

wm0ef,lvkyfaqmifaeonfh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.

a&muf&Sdr_u Ta'otwGuf tultnDtenf;i,f ay;tyfonf?

TtultnDay;r_u EkdifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm%mykdifr_twGuf vkdufem&efpnf;urf;

rsm;tm;azmufzsuf vkyfaqmifr_jzpfaomfvnf; wpfckwnf;aom vlxkxHa&muf&Sdrnfh

enf;vrf;yifjzpfonf?

uBmay:&SdEkdifiHtenf;i,favmufom ae&yfa'orsm;rSarmif;xkwf&ef zdtm;ay;I

xkdokd@aom }uD;us,fonfh twkdif;tq/ xkdokd@ uef@owfxm;onfhwkef@jyefr_wkd@tm;

ukvor~tzGJ@0ifEkdifiHrsm;ESifh Xmersm;rS E_duf,lavh&Sdonf? EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;

rsm;pGmtaeESifh xkd=urf;ñuwfr_rsm;twkdif;twmtm; owdrrlrdonfh

taetxm;&Sdonf? wuBmvkH;eD;yg; óud;pm;I ‚EkdifiH. EkdifiHa&;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&; jy\

emrsm;tm; ajz&Sif;a&;u t"dutaeESifh ppftm%mykdifrsm;ESifh 'Drkdua&pDvkdvm;onfh

wyfrsm;twGif; yËdyQtm; OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfonf? ArmcsKyfukdifxm;onfh

A[kdtpkd;&ESifh Armr[kwfol wkdif;&if;om;rsm;twGif; yËdyQu jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;

ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfr_trsm;pktm; cvkwfqGJjzpfay:apI xkdyËdyQtaeESifh t}

uD;tus,f0ef;&HjzpfyGm;aeonf?

jrefrmtpkd;&ESifh EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;trsm;pkwkd@u pdwfysufr_jzpfyGm;aomfvnf;

etztm; ukefoGk,fzuf tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;jzpfonfh w&kyfESifh tdd, wkd@u

aemufuG,frS taxGaxGtm;ay;tm;ajrSmufðyaeayonf? jrefrmEkdifiHtaeESifh

tzG@J0ifwpfcktjzpfyg0ifonfh a'o[pfwkdifwpfckjzpfonfh ta&S@awmiftm&S E_difiHrsm;

tpnf;t&kH; (tmqD,H) uvnf; avmuxkH;wrf;azmufzsufr_rsm;ðyvkyfr_tay:

tpkd;&.wm0efcHr_tm; a&Smif=uOfa&;ukdifpGJxm;um EkdifiH. jynfwGif;a&;udPrsm;tm;

0ifa&mufpGufzufr_rðyvkyfa&;tjrifukd tjyif;txefaxmufyHhr_ ðyvkyfaeonf?

tumtuG,fay;a&;wm0ef &0ef'gEkdifiH&Sd owfjzwfrsKd;ðzwfr_rsm;uwnf;u tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdiftpkd;&rsm;u

‚[email protected] vkHðcHr_ESifh okccsrf;omay;tyf&ef ysufuGufr_tay: EkdifiHwumt

okdif;t0kdif;taeESifh ykdrkdjrifhrm;onfh wm0ef,lr_tm; wdusonfhtajctaersm;twGif;

pwifvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? q,fpkESpfrsm;twGif; 0ifa&mufpGufzufr_

rðya&;pnf;urf;tm; rnfonfhEkdifiH. jynfwGif;a&; w&m;pD&ifykdifcGifh tusKH;0ifonfh

udPrsm;tm; tav;teufcsrSwfxm;onfh ukvor~yÉdOmOfpmwrf; yk'fr 2²7

t& EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh usL;vGefolrsm; tjypfay;cH&jcif;r&Sdonfh

taetxm;wpfckwGif qkd;&Gm;onfh vl@tcGifhta&;azmufzsufcH&r_rsm;a=umifh

vlxktaeESifh cHpm;ae&onfta=umif; ajymqkd&efyif0efav;wGef@qkwfae=uonf?

odk@aomf r=umrDESpfrsm;twGif; tcsKyftjcmtm%mtm; tcsKyftjcmtm%m.

jynfhpkHonfhtjrifqDokd@ EkdifiHom;rsm;tm; tumtuG,fay;a&;ESifh qkd;0g;onfh

usL;vGefr_rsm;ESifh tpktzGJ@vkduf,kwfrm&rf;um;r_wkd@tm; wm;qD;a&;

wm0efwpfcktaeESifh ajymif;vnf;wkd;wufr_rsm;jzpfay:vmcJhonf?

wm0ef,lumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;rl (R2P) . pnf;urf;t& tcsKyftjcmtm%m

ykdifEkdifiHrsm;wGif ‚wkd@. vlxktay: rsKd;ðzwfowfjzwfjcif;/ ppf&mZ0wfr_rsm;/ wkdif;&if;

om;vlrsKd;pkazsmufzsufjcif;ESifh pmemr_uif;rJhonfh &mZ0wfr_wkd@rS tumtuG,fay;&ef

tajccHwm0ef,lr_ESifh ‚wkd@taeESifh qr&Sdonfh okd@r[kwf xkdwm0eftm;

vkyfaqmif&ef rwwfE_difonfh tcsdefwGif wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_u us,fjyef@onfh

EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;xHokd@ v$Jajymif;a&muf&SdoGm;onf? R2P . vkdtyfonfh

ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_onf v$rf;ðcHonfhumuG,faqmif&Gufr_ESifh EkdifiH.vkyfE_dif

pGrf;wnfaxmifa&;/ em=unf;csufrsm;tm;ukpm;jcif;ESifh w&m;Oya'enf;vrf;usrus

vkyfaqmifjcif;wkd@yg0ifonf? okd@aomf tu,fI tumtuG,fay;&efysufuGuf

ygu R2P taeESifh rnfonfh pD;yGm;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;/ oHwrefqufqHa&;/

w&m;Oya'/ vkHðcHa&;tajctaewGif jzpfap okd@r[kwf aemufqkH;ckdukd;&mtjzpf

ppfa&;wkdif;twmtaeESifh vkyfaqmifa&;wkd@rSm tpktzGJ@vkduf ,kwfrm&rf;um;r_

rsm;tm; wm;qD;&ef r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfayonf?

2005 ckESpf uBmhxdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif uBmhtpkd;&rsm;u R2P pnf;urf;tm;

oabmwlnDcJh+yD; EkdifiHtm%mykdifwkd@taeESifh ‚[email protected];

,kwfrm&ufpufonfh &mZ0wfr_rS tumtuG,fay;a&; ysufuGufonfESifh yl;aygif;

ta&;,laqmif&Gufa&;tm; vkHðcHa&;aumifpDrSwqifh tajccH ta=umif;w&m;

wpfck+yD;wpfck tcsdeftwkdif;twmtwGif;jywfom;onfhvkyf[eftaeESifh vkyfaqmifa&;

csxm;owfrSwfcJhonf? EkdifiHaygif; 192 EkdifiHrS xdyfwef;acgif;aqmifrsm;vufrSwf

a&;xkd;cJhonfh uBmhxdyfoD;&v'fpmcsKyf World Summit Outcome Document uvnf; ta&;}uD;onfh EkdifiHwum uef@owfcsuftaeESifh

ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; tumtuG,fay;a&;ESifh xda&mufonfhtwkdif;twmjzifh ‚wkd@.

umuG,f apmifha&Smufa&;t&SdefjrSifhwifa&; qkH;jzwfr_vkyfaqmifa&;wkd@vkyfaqmif&ef

vrf;n$efpnf;urf;rsm;tm; todtrSwfðycJh=uonf?

2006 ckESpf {+yDvwGifcsrSwfxm;onfh qkH;jzwfcsuf 1674 rSwqifh vkHðcHa&;aumifpDu

EkdifiHom;wkd@ESifh tjcm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufxm;onfh yk~Kdvfwkd@tm;

ajymifajymifwif;wif; ypfrSwfxm;I vkyfaqmif&efapckdif;onfh wm0ef/ ºul;vGefr_ESifh

ppfa&;yËdyQtwGif; ae&mtESH@jzpfyGm;aeonfh EkdifiHwum vlom;csif;pmemr_ESifh vl@

tcGifhta&;Oya' csKd;azmufr_wkd@taeESifh EkdifiHwum+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vkHðcHa&;wkd@

tm; csdef;ajcmufr_ jzpfyGm;aprnf [ktodtrSwfðyxm;onf? vkHðcHa&;aumifpDu

xkduJhokd@tajctaersm;tm; pOf;pm;&ef tqifoifhjzpfaea=umif;ESifh

vkdtyfygu oifhawmfonfhaqmif&Gufr_ajcvSrf;rsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmf

vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; rSwfcsufðycJhayonf?

wm0ef,lumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;rl Responsibility to Protect (R2P) t&ta&;,ljcif;

qkH;jzwfcsuftm; ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_wu,fvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdr_

ðyvkyfxm;jcif; r&Sdaomfvnf; Tpnf;urf;csuftm; rnfokd@tokH;ðyrnfqkdonfhtay:

oabmwlnDcsuf tenf;i,fom&Sdonf? vkHðcHa&;aumifpDwGif taemufEkdifiHrsm;.

tpktzGJ@vkduf ,kwfrm&rf;um;r_rsm;tm; EkdifiHwum +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vkHðcHa&;wkd@

tm; csdef;ajcmufr_wpfcktjzpf ,lqjcif;ESifh w&kwfESifh &k&Sm;wkd@ uJhokd@aom

uBmhxdyfoD;&vm'fpmcsKyftm; vufcHI qkH;jzwfcsuf 1674 tm; axmufcHaomfvnf;

tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifqkdifr_ta&; tjiif;yGm;jcif;ukd R2P tay:qufvuf

wkd;jrSifhvkyfaqmifaeonfh uGJjym;jcm;em;r_rsm; &Sdaeayonf?

'gzmudPwGif ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_wkd@u umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;wm0ef

tokH;tE_H;twGuf wkd;wufabmifcwfcH&onf? qkH;jzwfcsuf 1769 u EkdifiHom;

umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh vlom;jcif; pmemr_tultnDay;vkyfaqmifaeonfh

vkyfom;rsm;. ta&;ygr_ukd tav;teufðyvkyfonfhtcgwGif

vkHðcHa&;aumifpDqkH;jzwfcsuf 1706 onf yxrqkH;om"utjzpfESifh

R2P oabmxm;tm; wdusonfhtajctaewGif tokH;ðy&efjzpfcJhonf?

qm[m&vufatmufcH tpkd;&rsm;pGmu 'gzmudPwGif R2P pnf;urf;tm;

tjyif;txef twkduftcHðyvkyfcJhonf? okd@aomf vkHðcHa&;aumifpDxJrS

XmecGJrsm;taeESifh jyif;xefonfh pkaygif;ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_tm; 'gzmwGif

vkyfaqmifa&;tm; [ef@wm;cJh=uonf?

jrefrmEkdifiHtajctaeu ‚. acgif;pOftay: rJcGJqkH;jzwfcJhonfh 2006 pufwifbmtxd

vkHðcHa&;aumifpD. tm%mpuftwGif; usavmufvmonfh ykHpHr&Sday?

TrJcGJqkH;jzwfcsufu taxGaxGnDvmcHqkH;jzwfcsufESifh vl@tcGifhta&;aumfr&Sif.

trsKd;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&; ESifh 'Drkdua&pDðyjyifajymif;vnf;r_aqmif&Gufa&;

awmif;qkdcsuftm; jrefrmtpkd;&.vkdufemaqmif&Guf&ef jiif;qefvkyfaqmifaeonfh

ESpfrsm;pGm=umrS jzpfay:vmjcif;jzpfonf? 2004 ckESpfuwnf;u tpkd;&u ukvor~t

axGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;csKyf. jrefrmEkdifiHtxl;oHwrefvma&mufcGifh jiif;y,fcJhonfhjyif

2003 ckESpfuwnf;u jrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;&u jrefrmEkdifiHta&;twGufxdpyf

aqmif&GufcGifh&&ef txl;ukd,fpm;vS,fvma&mufa&;tm;vnf;

jiif;qefydwfyifxm;cJhonf? vkHðcHa&;aumifpD. jyify&Sd óud;yrf;tm;xkwfr_tm;vkH;wkd@

onf ukefqkH; vufyef;usae&onfh taetxm;yifjzpfonf?

vkHðcHa&;aumifpD. aqG;aEG;r_acgif;pOftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHtm; a&muf&Sdapa&;

,kH=unfcsufrSm t+rJwrf;tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpfonfh &k&Sm;ESifh w&kwfEkdifiHwkd@u 2007 ckESpf

ZEM0g&DvtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf yxrqkH;qkH;jzwfcsuftay: ADwkdtm%mokH;I

y,fcscJhojzifh oufqkd;r&Snf jzpfcJhonf? xkd@a=umifh tjcm;awmif;qkdcsufrsm;twGif;

tpkd;&tm; wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;tm; wkdufckdufr_tm;vkH;&yfwef@a&;ESifh

vlom;jcif;pmemonfhtultnDay;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; twm;tqD;rJh

qufoG,faqmif&Gufr_ay;tyfa&; awmif;qkdr_wkd@ &SdcJhonf? Ty,fcsr_rSm

vkHðcHa&;aumifpD. 1989 ckESpfaemufykdif; yxrqkH;pkaygif;aqmif&GufcJhonfh


ADwkdtm%mokH;r_jzpfonf? ‚wkd@. xkwfjyefcsufwGif w&kwfESifh &k&Sm;wkd@u jrefrmEkdifiH.

tajctaerSm a'owGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh vkHðcHa&;wkd@tay: csdef;ajcmufr_rjzpfa=umif;ESifh

vkHðcHa&;aumifpDrSm EkdifiHwpfck.jynfwGif;a&;udPrsm;tm; aqG;aEG;&efae&mr[kwfa=umif;

jiif;qkdcJh=uonf? w&kwfESifh &k&Sm;wkd@u jrefrmEkdifiHtaeESifh jyif;xefonfh vl@

tcGifhta&;ESifh vlom;qkdif&mtajctaersm;ESifh &ifqkdifae&a=umif;ukd

todtrSwfðyaomfvnf; ‚wkd@u tm%mrsm;aESmifzGJ@wif;=uyfxm;r_r&Sdonfh vl@

tcGifhta&;aumifpDu jrefrmEkdifiHtay:

ta&;,la&;udPrsm; aqmif&Guf&ef taumif;qkH; aqG;aEG;yGJusif;y&efae

&mjzpfa=umif; av;eufpGmn$efjycJh=uonf? xkd ADwkdtm%mokH;E_difonfh

EkdifiHrsm;u jrefrmjynfolvlxktwGuf rnfonfh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;rsm;

pkaygif;wm0ef,loGm;&rnfqkdonfh n$efjyr_rsKd;ukdr# vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;r&Sdajc?

2007 pufwifbmvwGif q,fpkESpfESpfcktwGif; t}uD;qkH; d'Drkdua&pDa&; v_yf&Sm;qjyr_

jrefrmEkdifiHtm; &kdufcwfcJhI aemufykdif; tpkd;&.òzdcGif;r_u EkdifiHwumtm&kHpkdufr_tm;

xyfrHóud;yrf;a&; qkHcsufjzpfapcJhonf? jyif;xefonfh oHwrefzdtm;a=umifh etzu

ukvor~twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf. txl;t=uHay;ESifh txl;ukd,fpm;vS,ftm; 2007

ckESpfaESmif;ykdif;wGif 0ifcGifhay;cJhonf? &Snfvsm;&_yfaxG;r_rsm;

pGmaemufwGif vkHðcHa&;aumifpDu OuUXxkwfjyefa=ujimcsufjzifh

+idrf;csrf;pGmqjyolrsm;tay: &ufpufpGmòzdcGif;r_tm; &_wfcscJhonfhtjyif

ppfrSefonfhaqG;aEG;yGJtm; oufqkdif&mygwDtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrsm;jzifh

trsKd;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;atmifjrifr_&&Sd&eftwGuf vkyfaqmif&ef

awmif;qkdcJhonf? q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm t=urf;zuf&ufpufr_ESifh ae&yfrStwif;t"R

armif;xkwfcH&jcif;wkd@ukd awG@ñuH&onfhonfhtjyif tvGeftrif;

tœ&m,f&Sdjcif;ESifh cufcJ=urf;wrf;r_wkd@tm; qufvuf&ifqkdif&E_difonfh

wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk0if jynfolvlxk umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; azmfjycsuf

vkH;0ryg0ifcJhay? jrefrm'Drkdua&pDa&;wufºuGv_yf&Sm;olwkd@tm; zdESdyfòzdcGif;r_wkd@u

avsmhenf;vmykHay:aomfvnf; tpkd;&wyfrsm;u ‚wkd@. wefjyefawmfvSefa&;enf;

¹AlL[mwpfcktaeESifh jrefrmwkdif;&if;om; vlenf;pka'orsm;&Sd jynfolvlxktay:

qufvufypfrSwfxm;vkyfaqmifaeonfhjyif tjypfay;ta&;,lr_ r&Sdonfh

vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;tm; qufvufºul;vGefaeayonf? pkd;&drfr_taeESifh

‘a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;' tm;owd&r_u arS;rSdefoGm;onfhtcsufESifh jrefrmtpkd;&u

EkdifiHa&;aqG;aEG;yGJwpfckðyvkyfay;rnfh t&dyfta&mif ay;vmonfhtay:

vkHðcHa&;aumifpDtaeESifh aemufw}udrf jrefrmEkdifiHtm; av#mhcsOD;pm;ay;ta

etxm;wGifxm;&SdI tjcm;ukvor~tpdwftykdif;wkd@tm; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&ef

ykdrkdoifhawmfonf[k xm;&SdoGm;rnfh udPyifjzpfonf? vkHðcHa&;aumifpDtaeESifh

jrefrmhta&;tm; R2P tem*wfjzpfE_difajcZwfvrf;t& pwifIapmifh=unfh&ef

tvGefta&;}uD;onf?

tu,fI R2P t,ltqtm; d'gzmudPwGif ,laqmiftokH;csE_difygu

ta=umif;jycsufwkdif; jrefrmhta&;ESifh qufpyfjrSifhwifr_rsm; ðyvkyfaqmif&GufE_dif

rnfjzpfonf? EkdifiHwum tpdwftykdif;rsm;u vkyfief;pOftm;

taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif tcuftcJ&SdE_difaomfvnf; vkHðcHa&;aumifpDtzGJ@0ifrsm;t

aeESifh jrefrmEkdifiH. jynfolvlxktm; &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfonfh tpktzGJ@vkduf &mZ0wfr_

rsm;rS umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;. wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_tm;

qufvufvpfvsL&_xm;ygu ‚wkd@taeESifh tpkd;&tm;vkH; rl0g't&oabmwlxm;onfh

wm0ef,lr_twGuf nHhjzif;onfh xkH;wrf;csrSwf vkyfaqmifaejcif;omv#if

jzpfayawmhrnf?

umADwm &SLuvm ([email protected]) onf jrefrm'kQonfrsm;ESifh

ppfajy;'kQonfwkd@tay: okawoeðyvkyfaeolwpfOD;jzpfonf?

1 www.brookings.edu/projects/idp/gp_page.aspx2 ,cifu EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@ (e0w) [kvlodrsm;onf?

3 *&uf tJAefpf . ‘EkdifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtm%mykdifqkdifr_ uef@owfcsufrsm; - 21 &mpkwGif; umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;

wm0ef,laqmif&Gufcsuf' eDvrfxkdif&lcs,fAef trSwfw&a[majymykd@cscsuf/ EkdifiHwum wkdif;&if;om;avhvma&;Xme/ ukdvrfbkd/ 2007

ckESpf Zlvkdifv 29 &uf

4 http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/487/60/PDF/N0548760.pdf?OpenElement5 a&mbwWmukd[ef. ‘vlom;qkdif&mta&;}uD;r_rsm;u tcsKyftjcmtm%mykdifqkdifr_tm; ajymif;vnf;aponf'/

EkdifiHwumqufqHa&;Xme. taemufajrmuf*sme,f/ 2008 ckESpf aqmif;&moD/ pmrsufESm-6

jrefrmEkdifiHtaejzifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;tzGJ@ (etz) ESifh

wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktajccH vufeufukdifqef@usifa&;tzGJ@rsm;t=um;

jzpfyGm;aeonfh rkdif;ppfyGJ.'%fukd q,fpkESpfESpfckt=um cHpm;ae=u&ayonf?

EkdifiHtwGif;vlom;jcif;pmemr_jzifh rkdif;av#mhcsa&;pDrHcsufrsm;vnf;r&Sday?

rkdif;rsm;tvGef@tu|H jynfhESufaeonfh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; jynfe,frsm;wGif

jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfESifh 'kQonf rsm;jzpfay:&me,fajrrsm;jzpfaeonfrSm

tqef;r[kwfay?

tpkd;&wyfrsm;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdiftkyfpk rsm;axmifxm;onfh

vlowfrkdif;wkd@u &efolppfonfwkd@ukdomru rdrdwyfom;rsm;/ jynfolvlxkESifh

wd&dp>mefwkd@ukdyg xdckduf'%f&m&apjcif;ESifh owfjzwfjcif;wkd@jzpfyGm;aeayonf?

rkdif;&Sdonfhae&mrsm;wGif a&Smif&Sm;Edkifap&ef pepfwustrSwftom;ðyvkyfxm;

jcif;r&Sday? jynfolwkd@ oGm;vmvSKyf&Sm;aeonfhae&mrsm;ESifheD;uyfonfh

ae&mrsm;wGif rkdif;rsm;ukdaxmifxm;=uonf? &Gmtvnfykdif;a'orsm;rS

uDvkdrDwm0uftuGmtwGif xdckdufrSKrsm; pGmjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonf? ppfonfwkd@u

‚wkd@taeESifh rkdif;axmifxm;onfhae&mteD; aexkdif=uonfhjynfolwkd@tm; ‘E_

wfjzifhowday;onf’ [kqkdaomfvnf; EkdifiHwumajrjrKyfrdkif;zsufodrf;a&;vSkKyf

&Sm;rSkKtzGJ@}uD;. rkdif; xdckduf&mrStouf&SifvGwfajrmufolrsm;ESifhðyvkyfcJhonfh

rnfonfhE_wfar;tifwmAsL;ur# E_wfjzifhowday;jcif;rsm;ukd ajymjycJhonfr&Sdacs?

jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm; okd@r[kwf 'kQonfrsm; tjyefc&D;acsmarG@

apa&;twGuf ajrykHn$ef;ay;jcif;/ rkdif;axmifxm;onfha'orsm;tm; trSwf

tom;ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh jyefvmrnfholrsm;tm; ynmay;jcif;ESifh tjyefc&D;v_yf

&Sm;r_rsm;tm; xdrf;odrf;n$efjyjcif;wkd@twGuf vkyfief;tawmfrsm;rsm;tm;

vkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfcsuf &Sdaeayao;onf? trSefrSm xkdaxmifaygif;rsm;pGm

(okd@r[kwfygu axmifaygif;rsm;pGmrS &mESifhcsDonfh) aom

jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;wkd@onf ‚wkd@twGuf vkHðcHpdwfcs&onfhajrESifh

‚wkd@b0rsm;tm;jyefvnfxlaxmif&eftwGuf jyef&efoifhav#mfonf[k

,lqonfhtcsdefwGif jyef=urnfjzpfonf? rnfonfhtzG@Jtpnf;ur# ‚wkd@tm;

wm;qD;I &aumif;rnfr[kwfay?

vlom;jcif;pmemonfhtaxmuftyHhay;ae=uonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u

ppfonfrsm;/ EkdifiHwGif;rkdif;&Sdonfh e,fajrrsm;wGifA[kokw &Sdonfhjynfolvlxktm;

oifwef;ay;I rkdif;opf rsm;tokH;ðyjcif;tm;w&m;0if qkdif;iHhxm;jcif;ESifh

rkdif;a'otm;vkH;tm; &Sif;vif;onfh owday;trSwftom;xm;&Sdr_vkyfaqmifa&;

wdk@tm;,ckyif wkdufwGef;&rnfjzpfonf? ‚onf tumtuG,fay;jcif;ESifh

*&kxm;r_ wkd;jrifhvmjcif;tusKd;ESpfckpvkH;&&SdrnfjzpfI xdckduf'%f&m&r_

jzpfEdkifajcteJqkH;taetxm; {uefrvGJjzpfvmayrnf?

a,&Sk0g;rdkqmjyGefqk0rf;([email protected])onfEkdifiHwumajrjrKyfrkdif;zsufodrf;

a&;vSKyf&Sm;r_tzGJ@}uD;.ajrjrKyfrkdif;apmifh=unfhppfaq;a&;tzGJ@

(www.icbl.org/lm) okawoeynm&SifESifh t,f'Dwmjzpfonf?

jrefrmhajrjrKyfrkdif;tpD&ifcHpmtm; http://www.icbl.org/lm/2007/burma.html wGifawG@Edkifygonf?

xGufajy;&jcif;ta=umif;&if;ESifh

jyefvrf;c&D;twm;tqD;jzpfonfh ajrjrKyfrdkif;rsm; a,&Sk0g;rkdqm-jyGefqk0rf;


2005 ckESpf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;oma&;aumifpD (etz) rS tm%mtajcðyr_udk

aejynfawmfokd@a&$@ajymif;cJhonfhtcsdefxd / 1958 rS 1960 ckESpfrsm;twGif;

jrefrmEkdifiH. t}uD;qkH; òrd@awmfjzpfcJhonfh &efukefòrd@tm; AkdvfcsKyfae0if;.

tdrfapmifhtpkd;&u (w&m;0ifa&G;aumufwifajrSmufcH&onfh ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tpm;)

jrefrmhvufeufukdifwyfrsm;. wm0ef,ltkyfcsKyfr_atmufwGif xm;&SdapcJhonf?

tpkd;&u &efukefteD;wGif òrd@e,f 3 ck wnfaxmifcJhI òrd@aevlxkwpfoef;.

ajcmufykHwpfykHjzpfonfh vlOD;a& 167000 wkd@rSm ‚wkd@. qrygyJajymif;a&$@

ae&mcsxm;r_cHcJh=u&onf?1 te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS axmifaomif;csDIxGufajy;vmonfh

qlyltkHºuGolrsm;onf òrd@awmfwGif usL;ausmfaexkdifolrsm;jzpfI vlxkusef;rma&;ESifh

+idrf0yfydjym;r_ wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf pkd;&drfzG,f&m

+cdrf;ajcmufr_wpfckjzpfvmjcif;a=umifh vkdtyfcsufwpfcktaejzifh Tokd@

vkyfaqmif&jcif;jzpfonf[k tpkd;&u qifajcay;cJhonf? tdrfa[mif;rsm;qkH;&_H;&onfh

tay:tvGefra=ureyfjzpfae=uonfh òrd@opfrsm;wGifaexkdifolrsm;u 1988 ckESpf.

aEG&moD'Drkdua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_wGif ae0if;ppftkyfpktm; tvkH;t&if;tiftm;jyI qef@

usifcJh=uonf?

xkd 1988 ck aEG&moD qjyawmif;qkdr_rsm;tm; wkef@jyefonfhtaejzifh

EkdifiHawmf+idrf0yfydjym;r_wnfaqmufa&;tzGJ@u (e0w/ 1997 wGif

etz[ktrnfajymif;cJh) tm%modrf;cJhonf? wpfESpftwGif; twif;t=uyf

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;cH&olrsm; / vlOD;a& oef;wpf0ufeD;yg;ESifh òrd@opf

10 òrd@tm;wnfaxmifcJhonf? vltrsm;tjym;rSm usL;ausmfaexkdifolrsm;

jzpfaomfvnf; tjcm;olrsm;rSm tdrfykdif,mykdif&SdI 1988 ckESpf vlxkqjyyGJrsm;tm;

wufºuGpGmaxmufcHcJhonfh e0w. tjypfay;cH&olrsm;jzpf=uonf? xkdolwkd@rSm

tdrf,ma[mif;rsm;qkH;&_H;&kHr#ru tpGeftzsm;ae&mrsm;wGif tdrfopfaqmufvkyf&ef

ajrESifhtdrfopfrsm;aqmufvkyfa&;twGuf vkdtyfonfhypPnfrsm; twif;t=uyf

aiGawmif;cHjcif;cH=u&onf? xkdae&mrsm;onf v#yfppftvkHtavmufr&Sdjcif;/

a&tvkHtavmufr&Sdjcif;tjyif tjcm;tqifajyr_rsm;rSmvnf;enf;yg;onfh

a'ojzpfonf? xkdòrd@opfrsm;wGif tvkyftukdif&&Sda&;tcGifhta&;teJ

i,fom&Sd+yD; &efukefòrd@tcsuftjcmae&mrsm;&Sd omrefpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyf

ukdif&efvkdvm;=uonfh ajymif;a&$@cH&onfhjynfolrsm;taeESifh c&D;a0;vGef;I

oGm;vma&;tukeftusrsm;onfh tajctaejzpfaponf? 2

,ae@tcg a&$@ajymif;tajccsaexkdifolrsm;onf 0g;ESifhoufu,fjzifhaqmufxm;onfh

omreftdrfrsm;wGif twlwuG ¹yGwfodyfaexkdif&I &efukef.qif;&Jwumhtqif;&JqkH;

taetxm;wGif&Sdae=uonf? 2007 ckESpf =o*kwfvwGifjzpfyGm;cJhonfh

avmifpmqDaps;rsm;jrifhwufr_u ‚wkd@tm; tjyif;xefqkH;xkd;ESufcJh+yD;

pm;aomufukefaps;E_ef;ESifh vlxko,f,lykd@aqmifa&;pm;&dwfrsm;

rkd;xdatmifjrifhwufvmonfrSpI aemufvwGif EkdifiHw0Srf; tpkd;&qef@usifa&;qjy

v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; jzpfay:vmap&ef tpòyd;cJhonf? ‘wJrSwkdufcef;rsm;qDokd@’ [lonfh‚.

tpDtpOft& usL;ausmfaexkdifolrsm;pGmtm; txyfrsm;pGmygonfhtdrf,m okd@r[kwf

‚wkd@.,cifaetdrfrsm;teD;ae&mrsm;wGif ae&mcsxm;a&;vkyfaqmifay;rnf[k

qkdcJhonf? okd@aomfvnf; ,ae@tcg &efukef/ rœav;ESifh tjcm;òrd@}uD;rsm;wGif

twif;t"Raetdrfrsm;rSajymif;a&$@aer_rsm; qufvufvkyfaqmifaeqJjzpfonf?

Oyrm - rD;avmifonf@ae&mwGifaexkdif=uolrsm;tm; ae&ma[mif;wGif

jyefvnfaqmufvkyfcGifhrðyawmhbJ xkdae&yfrsm;ukd&Sif;vif;I vrf;opfrsm;azmufjcif;/

wkdufcef;rsm;ESifh ukefwkdufrsm;jyefvnfwnfaqmufcJhonf? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif

rnfonfhwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rqkd ‚wkd@. EkdifiHom;qkdif&m ajr,mykdifqkdifr_

tcGifhta&;tm;vkH; rsufuG,fðyxm;jcif;cHae=u&ayonf?

a':e,f qDuifpf ([email protected]) onf *syefEkdifiH

tkduDem0gjynfe,f/ em*kdòrd@&Sd rD,kdwuUokdvf /EkdifiHwumavhvma&;aumvdyf

ta&S@awmiftm&Savhvma&;Xme ygarmuQjzpfonf?

1 Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE), Burma: displacement and Dispossession, Forced Migration and Land Rights. November 2007, pp95-98.2 ‘Interviews in Satellite Villages', Dawn News Bulletin, Vol.2, no 14 (July 1990), pp3-9.

jrefrmhòrd‹awmfa[mif;rSt"Rajymif;a&$‹apckdif;jcif; a':e,f trf qDuifpf

&efukefòrd@vlxktaeESifh ppftkyfcsKyfa&;. EkdifxufpD;eif;ðyjcif;atmufwGif

tvkH;t&if;jzifh ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@aexkdifapjcif;rsm;tm; =uHKawG@ae=u&onf?

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tkyfpkd;olrsm;taeESifh wkdif;jynftm; Zkefe,fajrokH;ckcGJxm;onf?

tjzLa&mife,fajr - ‚wkd@vkH;0xdrf;csKyfxm;onfhe,fajrrsm;/ tndKa&mife,fajr -‚wdk@

xdrf;csKyfr_atmufa&mufa&; v_yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifaeonfhe,fajrrsm;ESifh

trJa&mife,fajr - ‚wkd@xdrf;csKyfr_atmufwGifr&Sdonfh e,fajrwkd@jzpf=uonf?

trJa&mife,fajrtm; ‘vGwfvyfpGmypfcwfEkdifonfh’Zkefrsm;tjzpfowfrSwfxm;I

jrefrmhwyfrawmftaeESifh jzwfoef;oGm;vm&m wav#mufawG@&onfh rnfolukdrqkd

owfjzwfE_difonf? Taqmif;yg;wGif azmfjyrnfhe,fajrrSm trJa&mife,fajr jzpfonf?

Oyrm - jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;wGifwnf&Sdonfh u&ifESifh u&ifeD (u,m;)

jynfe,frsm;&Sd awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; v_yf&Sm;aeonfh aus;&GmESifh a'orsm;/

jrefrmhwyfrawmfu ppfajy;'kQonfrsm; ykef;atmif;aexkdifEdkifonfhe,f ajra'owGif

&Sif;vif;ppfqifa&;udPrsm;tm; wyf&if;av;cktxd csxm;I ykHrSefvkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?

ppfom;rsm;u armfwmpdefajymif;rsm;(mortar)/ pufaoewfrsm;ESifh&Gmtm;

pwifypfcwf+yD;aemuf &GmxJ0ifI jynfolwkd@tm;aESmifh,Sufjcif;/ tdrfrsm;&SdypPnf;t

okH;taqmifrsm;tm; vk,ljcif;/ &kdufESufjcif;/ rk'def;usifhjcif;ESifh nSOf;yrf;ESdyfpufjcif;wkd@

ukd tqiftjcifrJhðyum &Hzef&Hcg tdrfrsm;ESifh w&GmvkH;rD;wkdufjcif;rsm;ukd

vkyfaqmif=uonf? xkd@aemuf ajr¹r_yfrkdif;rsm;tm; &GmwGif;ESifh &Gmom;awG tokH;ðyonfh

&GmwGif;&Gmjyifvrf;rsm; wGifaxmifxm;=uonf? &Gmom;wpfOD;ukdawG@ygu xkdolonf

jrifjrifcsif;ypfowfcH&onf?

xkde,fajr&Sif;vif;a&;rsm;wGif awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;u vlxktm;tumtuG,fay;

&efóud;pm;=uonf? xdawG@wkdufyGJjzpfr_onf rdepftenf;i,fom=umrnfjzpfaomf

vnf; ppfom;rsm;a&muf&Sdrvmcif vlxktm; ‚wkd@ykdifqkdifonfhypPnf;tcsKd@ESifhtwl

awmwGif;okd@xGufajy;wdrf;a&SmifE_dif&ef wkdufyGJtcsdefqGJI vkyfaqmif=uavh&Sdonf?

wkdufckdufr_cH&jcif;jzifh &Gmom;wkd@onf awmwGif;okd@xGufajy;I jzpfE_difygu

ykef;atmif;&efae&mjyif=u&onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh o,f,lE_difonfhwEkdifpmESifhtwl

xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif&onf? (Ekd@pkd@uav;i,frsm;/ tokH;taqmify&dabm*tcsKd@/

rdom;pkwpfckvkH;twGuf apmifwpfxnfESpfxnf/ yvwfpwpftcif;tcsKd@ESifh

&uftenf;i,ftwGif; pm;okH;&ef qeftcsKd@wkd@jzpfonf?) ppfwyfrsm;pcef;okd@

jyefoGm;onfESifh &Gmom;wkd@onf ‚[email protected],f,mrsm;teD;ESifh &Gmrsm;okd@ jyefvnf

oGm;a&muf&ef tm;xkwf=uonf? 2006 ckESpazazmf0g&DvwGifðyvkyfcJhonfh xkd;ppfwGif

a&S@wef;ppfrsufESmrsm;pGmwGif ppfom;trsm;tjym;vma&mufwkdufckdufcJh=uonf?

xkd;ESufrlatmufub0vrf; a';Apf ,lbef@cf

jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@zsm;&Sd yËdyQZkeftwGif; jzpfysufr_trsm;pktm; "gwfykHrsm;/

AGD'D,kd/ tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh vufqkwfvufukdifjyE_dif&ef cufcJonf?

‚rSm rD;ukef,rf;ukefusJI vlxktm;wkdufckdufjcif;xuf wjznf;jznf;

rodrompdrfh0ifv_dufpm;onfh vlxktay:ESdyfuGyfjcif;ykHpHwpfckyifjzpfonf?


awmfvSefa&;acgif;aqmifwpfOD;uajymjycJhonfrSm/

“vGefcJhwJhvtenf;i,fu jrefrmhwyfrawmftaeeJ@

xkd;ppfrsm;pGmvkyfcJhwJhtwGuf ykef;atmif;aexkdifwJhhae

&mtawmfrsm;rsm; tpD;eif;cHcJh&w,f? ,cktcsdefrSm

wyfrawmftaeESifh olwkd@&Jhpcef;opfawG aqmufvkyfa&;eJ@

tvkyfrsm;aewJhtwGuf awmfao;w,f? 'gayr,fh

tJ'Dpcef;awG+yD;wJhtcg olwkd@jyefvmOD;rSmbJ?

tJ'gu|efawmfwkd@tm;vkH;twGuf tvGefqkd;&Gm;wJh

xkd;ppfjzpf+yD; b,fvkdtpDtpOfvkyf&r,f rodao;bl;?

'gayr,fh u|efawmfwkd@ u|efawmfwkd@tdrfawGukd

csefrxm;cJh&bkd@ óud;pm;&rSmbJ”//

wyfrawmf. ajrjyifqufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;

rsm;tm; &Sif;vif;acsmarG@apa&;twGuf

,laqmifvmonfh bl'kdZmrsm;ygwf0ef;usifwGif

vlom;'kdif;rsm;ozG,ftokH;ðyum ajr¹r_yfrkdif;

&Sif;vif;a&;vkyfaqmif&ef&Gmom;rsm;tm;

twif;tusyfckdif;apcHcJh&onf? t"Rvkyftm;ay;qkdonfrSm

jzpf&kd;jzpfpOfjzpfI &Gmom;rsm;pGmtm;

&ufpufpGmqufqHa&;ESifh uGyfjrufjcif;qkdonfrSm

jzpfcJonfhudPr[kwfa=umif;jyo&ef &nf&G,fI

twif;tusyfay:wmrsm;tjzpf ckdif;apvkyfukdifaponf?

xkdtwkdufckdufcH&onfh&Gmom;tcsKd@onf rlvt&yfa'orsm;okd@jyefoGm;I ‚wkd@.

aetdrfrsm;tm; jyefvnfaqmufvkyf=uonf? trsm;pkrSm qufvufajy;v$m;ykef;

a&Smifaexkdifjcif; okd@r[kwf EkdifiHtwGif;rSxGufajy;jcif; =uHpnfvkyfaqmif=uonf?

tcsKd@u vlaetdrfajcESifha0;uGmI qufpyf&efcufcJJonfht&yfrsm;wGif

pcef;wnfaxmifI &Sdor#ESifh jcpfðcwf&yfwnf=u&onf? Oyrm -u&ifjynfe,f

taemufajrmufjcrf;&Sd armfwl'g&Gmukd 2004 ckESpfwGif jrefrmhwyfrawmfu

rD;&_d@jymcscJhonf? xkdtcsdefrSpIaemufykdif; &Gmom;rsm;taeESifh awmxJwGif

awmufav#mufykef;atmif;ae=u&onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh oGm;vma&;cufcJ

ap&efwrifxm;&Sdonfh awmvrf;i,fteD; opfyifaygif;yifrsm;jzifh ydwfqkd@

aeonfhae&mwGif ykef;atmif;aexkdif&ef wJrsm;tm; jzpfovkdaqmufvkyf=uonf?

‚wkd@wGif tpptqufjywfaeonfhtwGuf vkHðcHa&;ykHpHtcsKd@xm;&Sdonfhtjyif

a'ocHawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;. tultnD (trsm;tm;jzifh ppfwyf.v_yf&Sm;r_

rsm;tay: óudwifowday;jcif;) &&Sdonf? okd@aomf pm;eyf&dQm xkwfvkyfr_u

xkd;usoGm;onfhtwGuf t0wftpm;/ apmif/ rD;zkdacsmiftokH;taqmifrsm;

ESifh v,f,mokH; u&d,mrsm; 0,f,l&ef aiGtenf;i,fom&Sd=uonf?

pm;p&mtenf;tusOf;om&Sdjcif;/ tumtuG,fuif;rJhjcif;ESifh rvkHavmufonfh

a&ukdr#wokH;pGJ&jcif;wkd@a=umifh usef;rma&;qkd;&Gm;onfh'%f ukdvnf;

ododomomcH=u&onf? teD;ywf0ef;usifwGif aq;cef;r&Sdonfhtjyif

wyfrawmfvSnfhuif;rsm;u ykHrSef0ifa&muf&SmazGonfhtwGuf aq;0g;tzGJ@wkd@

vnf;oGm;a&muf&ef cufcJonf? jrefrmjynfvGwfajrmufa&;&def;*sm;tzGJ@

Free Burma Rangers ESifh u&ifvltcGifhta&;tzGJ@ Karen Human Rights Group wkd@ESpfzGJ@pvkH;ESifh ausmykd;tdyfusef;rma&;vkyf

om;rsm;toif; Back Pack Health Worker Team wkd@u jrefrmhwyfrawmf.

zdESdyfa&;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;ESifh vlxk.qkd;&Gm;onfhusef;rma&;wkd@ wkduf&kdufygwfoufr_

tm; us,fjyef@pGm rSwfwrf;wifvkyfaqmifae=uonf? Tvkyfaqmifr_onf

awmfvSefa&;tkyfpkrsm; (owif;/ qufoG,fa&;/ o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;/ axmufyhHykd@

aqmifa&;ESifh vkHðcHa&;taxmuftyHhay;aeonfh) óud;yrf;r_wpfckwnf;rSwqifh

vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_jzifhay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@onf xkdxkd;ESufwkdufckdufr_

cH&olrsm;xHa&muf&SdE_difjcif;jzpfonf?

‚xkd;ppfwGif u&ifjynfe,fajrmufykdif; c&kdifokH;ck&Sd &Gmom; 3&0 ausmfaoqkH;I

okH;aomif;ausmf ppfajy;'kQonfb0a&mufcJhonf? xkdppfajy;'kQonfrsm;pGmwkd@

onf ,cktcgykef;atmif;aexkdif=u&onf? jrefrmhwyfrawmf pcef;opf 60

ausmfESifh vrf;opf 3 ck wkd@tm; wnfaqmufazmufvkyfcJh=uonf? wwdwdESifhyif/

okd@aomf tawmrowfonfh xkd;ESufwkdufckdufr_rsm;jzpfI pcef;opfrsm;ESifh

vrf;rsm;aqmufvkyfjcif;onf ‚wkd@}uD;pkd;a&;ESifh a'owGif;&Sdu&ifwkdif;&if;om;

rsm;tm; &SmazGajcr_ef;a&; pDrHudef;wpfck ðyvkyfaeykHay:onf? 1997 ckESpfrSpI

u&ifqef@usifa&;twGufðyvkyfcJhonfh Txkd;ppfonf tjyif;xefqkH;jzpfonf?

tdrf,mpGef@cGmxGufajy;&olESifh zsufqD;r_ tvGefrsm;jym;}uD;rm;I taotaysmufESifh

tpm;xkd;r&onfh qkH;&_H;r_rsm; twkdif;twmjrifhrm;vSonf?

tpma&pmxkwfvkyfr_tm;aESmuf,Sufjcif;/ tdrfrsm;tm;rD;&_d@jcif;ESifh

jrefrmhwyfrawmf. jrif&mypftrdef@rsm;u axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom u&ifxktm;

‚wkd@arG;zGm;}uD;jyif;&majrwGif ckcHumuG,f&ef rpGrf;E_difonfhtajctaejzifh

aexkdif&onfhb0okd@a&mufaponf? vlokH;aomif;xufykdI ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&onfh

'kQonfjzpfvm=uI vl 7000 ausmfwkd@rSm tdrfypf,mypfESifh xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpyfokd@

xGufcGmcJh=u&onf? TvlxktaeESifh tpm;taomuf/ aq;0g;/ ckdv_H&mESifh ‚wkd@

tdrfrsm;/ ausmif;rsm;ESifh b0rsm;tm; jyefvnfaqmuf&ef tultnDvkdtyfonf? ‚wkd@

taeESifh ta&;ay:umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh vGwfvyfpGm ‚wkd@tdrfrsm;okd@ jyefoGm;E_dif

&efvnf; vkdtyfaeayonf?

a';Apf ,lbef@cf ([email protected]; [email protected]) onf jrefrmEkdifiH. yËdyQe,fajrrsm;wGif ta&;ay:tultnDay;tyfjcif;ESifh vl@

tcGifhta&;rSwfwrf;rsm; azmfxkwfr_rsm;vkyfaqmifaeonfh jrefrmjynfvGwfajrmufa&;

&def;*sm;rsm;tzGJ@. n$ef=um;a&;rSL;jzpfonf? (www.freeburmarangers.org)

1 www.khrg.org2 www.geocities.com/maesothtml/bphwt/3 ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif trSwf (28)wGif [,foma&;om;xm;onfh ‘jrefrmjynfta&S@zsm;&Sd

jynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfr_’ aqmif;yg; www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR28/25.pdf ESifh ausmykd;tdyfusef;r

ma&;vkyfom;rsm;toif;. ‘emwm&Snf ta&;ay: - jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;&Sd usef;rma&;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;’ 2006 tpD&ifcHpm www.geocities.com/maesothtml/bphwt wGif awG@E_difonf?

jrefrmh

wyfrawmf.

twif;t=uyf

ckdif;apjcif;a=umifh

ypPnf;rsm;

o,fae=u

&onfh

&Gmom;rsm;

2007 ckESpf/

ZGefv

Free

Bur

ma

Rang

ers

,ckppfajy;'kQonfjzpfaeonfh u&ifeDtrsKd;om; apmElEl -

u|efawmfwkd@ tem;ywf0ef;usifuaus;&Gmq,fckpk+yD; qkawmif;yGJvkyfwJhtcsdef

jrefrmppfwyf ay:vm+yD; u|efawmfwkd@xJu wpfcsKd@ukdzrf;w,f? u|efawmfwkd@

ukdóud;wkwfxm;+yD; &kdufESufxkd;}udwfwmawGvkyfw,f? aemuf+yD;awmh

u|efawmfwkd@&Jhukd,fukd usOfpufeJ@wkd@w,f? u|efawmholi,fcsif; apmuG,ftowfcH&w,f?

u|efawmfxGufajy;bkd@=uHw,f? jrefrmppfwyfu u|efawmfwkd@ukd olykefawGvkd@pGyfpGJw,f

'g ayr,fh u|efawmfwkd@rS olykefr[kwfwm? u|efawmfwkd@uv,form;awG? u|efawmfwkd@

tck 'DrSmaevkd@rjzpfE_difawmhbl; tJ'Dawmh 'kQonfpcef;wpfckckukdoGm;r,f?

u&ifeDoif;tkyfq&m -

bmjzpfvkd@jrefrmppfwyfu u|efawmfwkd@&GmawGukd vm+yD;rD;&_d@&wmvJ?

u|efawmfwkd@u olwkd@&GmawGukdrD;&_d@wm rvkyfbl;? bmjzpfvkd@olwkd@ u|efawmfwkd@

ukd 'kQay;jcif&wmvJ? u|efawmfwkd@u u|efawmfwkd@&Jh v,f,mawGukd vkdcsifw,f/

ukd,fhtvkyfukd,fvkyfukdifpm;r,f/ aemuf +idrf;+idrf;csrf;csrf;aecsifw,f

'gavmufygbJ? u|efawmfwkd@&Jh awmifay:b0ue*kdxJucufcJ+yD;om;? bmjzpfvkd@

olwkd@u ykd+yD;cufoxufcufatmif vkyfcsif=uwmvJrodbl;?


apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;tm; u&ifjynfe,fwpfav#muf EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om

,ma&;ESifhzGH@òzd;a&;aumifpD (etz). 'kQay;a&;tm;ay;onfhv_yf&Sm;r_taeESifh

usL;vGefcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf? xkdtpD&ifcHcsufwkd@rSm txl;ojzifh trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh

rdef;uav;rsm;. vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufcHcJh&onfh r_cif;udP av;axmifausmftm;

t"duxm;I wifjyxm;onf? txl;ojzifh rk'def;usifhjcif;/ vdifykdif;qkdif&mapmfum;

aESmuf,Sufjcif;ESifh t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;jcif;wkd@jzpfonf? t"Rvkyftm;ay;ckdif;apjcif;wpfck

wnf;wGifyif r=umc% rk'def;usifhjcif;/ &kdufESufjcif;/ ukd,fvuft*FgzsufqD;jcif;/ ESdyfpufjcif;/

owfjzwfjcif;ESifh tpma&pm/ t&dyftm0goESifh rw&m;r_tm; w&m;0ifjzpfapjcif;wkd@uJhokd@

tjcm;vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;ESifh aygif;qkHusL;vGefjcif;cH=u&onf? xkdr_cif;rsm;u 1981

rS 2006 ckESpftxd 25 ESpftwGif;jzpfyGm;r_rsm;tm; ðcHikHwifjyxm;jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ,ae@

tcg vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm; qufvufjzpfyGm;v#uf&Sdonf?

rk'def;r_rk'def;usifhonfhvkyf&yfrsm;ukd &ufpufr_jzifhajcmufvSef@onfhtaeESifh‚/ t&Suf&aponfh

&nf&G,fcsuf. enf;wpfcktjzpf jynfolvlxktay: qufvuftokH;ðyv#uf&Sdonf?

rk'def;r_rsm;pGmtm; ppfwyftxufykdif;t&m&Sdrsm;ukd,fwkdif okd@r[kwf ‚wkd@. =uH&mygwkd@

jzifh usL;vGefavh&Sdonf? xkdusL;vGefolwkd@u jynfoltrsm;pktaeESifh wkdif=um;r_

ðy&eftvGefa=umufjcif; okd@r[kwf wkdif=um;r_tm; ta&;w,lrvkyfjcif;tm;

odxm;=uonf? tusKd;quftaeESifh u&ifjynfe,fwpfav#mufESifh tjcm;jynfe,frsm;wGif

jzpfyGm;onfh trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;tm; rk'def;usifhjcif;tm;

etzppfom;rsm;taeESifh qufvufðyvkyfv#uf&Sd+yD; '%fcwfta&;,lcH&jcif;vnf;r&Sday?

r=umrDujzpfyGm;cJhonfh apmfum;r_wpfckwGif ppfom;tkyfpkvkduf rk'def;usifhcHcJh&onfh

toufESpfq,fhig;ESpf&Sd trsKd;orD;u ‘&Gmukd etzppfom;okH;a,mufvmw,f? &Gmol}uD;

ukd u&iftrsKd;orD;wpfa,muf ay;&r,fqkd+yD;awmif;w,f? ol}uD;u rykd@ay;bl;qkd,if

ol}uD;ukdowfypfr,f csdrf;ajcmufw,f? tJ'Dppfom;awGu trsKd;orD;ukdteD;qkH;

ðcHxJac:oGm;+yD; ESpfa,mufu rk'def;usifhapmfum;awmhwmbJ’ [kajymjycJhonf?

trsKd;orD;ESpfOD;u ppfom;wpfOD;.vufwGif ‚wkd@. wkefv_yfajcmufjcm;zG,ftawG@

tóuHtm; atmufygtwkdif;xkwfazmfajymqkdcJhI ,if;ppfom;tm;rnfonfhta&;,lr_ukdr#

vkyfaqmifjcif;r&Sdajc? “ppfom;awGu usrwkd@ukd olwkd@eJ@vkdufcJhbkd@ac:w,f/ aemuf+yD; usr

wkd@b,fukdoGm;aerSef;vnf;rod&bl;? tJ'Daumifu ‘rikdeJ@/ ikd&ifowfypfr,fvkd@ajymw,f’?

awmif=um;twkdif;av#mufvmcJh+yD; olu igwkd@'DrSm&yfr,fvkd@ajymw,f? aemuf u|efrwkd@

t0wfawGukdc|wfckdif;w,f? yxrawmh jiif;aeao;wmaygh aemuf oltoHrmvmawmh

usrwkd@t0wfawGc|wfay;&w,f? ol@aoewfukd ol@ab;em;rSmbJcsxm;w,f?

usrukdt&ifqkH; rw&m;usifhw,f? usroli,fcsif;ukd ol@ab;rSmbJ vSJtdyfckdif;xm;w,f?

usrtvSnfh+yD;awmh usroli,fcsif;ukd rk'def;usifhw,f? aemufr=umcifrSm xyf+yD;usrwkd@

ukd tJ'Dvkdapmfum;jyefw,f?” tjcm;c&kdifwGif trsKd;orD;i,fwpfOD;taeESifh olraetdrfwGif

ppfom;av;OD;wkd@. tkyfpkvkduf rk'def;usifhapmfum;r_tm; cHcJh&onf? olrtm;

om;r,m;ðyusifh+yD;onfhtcg olr. rdef;rt*Fgtm; aoewfESifhypfI owfjzwfcJh=uonf?

rnfonfhta&;,lr_tjypfay;r_r# r&Sday? xkd rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfh tr_rsm;wGif

uav;i,frsm;ESifh Ak'<bmom0if oDv&Siftm; rk'def;usifh apmfum;jcif;rsm;vnf;

yg0ifonf? &Gmol}uD;rsm;taeESifh etz.trdef@rsm;twkdif;rjznfhpnf;ay;E_difygu

tawmrowfonfhapmfum;r_ESifh &ufpuf=urf;usKwfr_wkd@. tœ&m,frSm ‚wkd@

tay: usa&mufaeayonf? rnfokd@yifjzpfap ,cktcg trsKd;om;rsm;vma&mufE_dif

jcif;r&SdonfhtwGuf trsKd;orD;}uD;rsm;u xkdwm0efukd r=umc%,l&onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh

tykdaqmif; tœ&m,ftjzpf ukd,fwkdifrk'def;usifhcH&r_ESifh etzppfom;[email protected]'def;usifhr_cHtm;

ukd,fhukd,fukdumuG,f&efESifh rdom;pkrsm;ESifh tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@tm;umuG,fa=u;tjzpf

ay;aqmifcH&rnfh tajctm; trSefwu,fa&mufae=u&onf?

u&ifjynfe,fw0Srf;&Sd trsKd;orD;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;taejzifh twif;t"Rpkaqmif;I

vrf;rsm;wHwm;rsm; aqmufvkyfa&;wGif vkyftm;ay;&ef/ ajrðryfrkdif;rsm;&Sif;vif;&ef

ESifh ppftaxmuftulypPnf;rsm;tm; o,faqmif&eftwGuf ckdif;apcH&onf[k

owif;ay;cJh=uonf? ‚wkd@onf a,musFm;rsm;ESifh aumifav;i,frsm;xGufajy;oGm;I

tzrf;cH&rnf/ ESdyfpufcH&rnf odk@r[kwfu towfcH&rnfukdpkd;&drfI awmwGif;wGif

a&Smif &Sm;ykef;atmif;ae=uonfhtcsdefrSpum txl;tœ&m,f&Sdaeayonf? xkdtwif;t"R

pkaqmif;cH=u&onfholrsm;xJwGif tbGm;tkdrsm;/ csnfheJ@onfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;/

ukd,f0efaqmifESifh uav;arG;umprdcifrsm;tjyif 11 ESpforD;t&G,favmufxd

i,f&G,fonfh ausmif;olrsm;yg0ifonf? ay:wmtjzpfac:aqmifoGm;cH&onfh

trsKd;orD;trsm;pkonfvnf; rw&m;ðyusifhcH=u&onf?

“usr ay:wmtaeeJ@ wpfvoGm;vkyfay;&w,f? ae@wkdif; usrwkd@ awmifwufawmifqif;

o,fay;&w,f? usr touf}uD;vkd@ t&rf;ac|;xGuf+yD; toufr&SLE_difjzpfawmh

ppfom;awGu usroGm;wmaES;w,fqkd+yD; aoewfeJ@aqmifhxkd;+yD; oGm;ckdif;w,f?

usrESvkH;awG uGJukef+yDvm;vkd@awmifxifrdw,f?”

t}uHðycsufu&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;taeESifh EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;tm; atmufygt}uHðy

csufrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmif&ef wkdufwGef;t=uHðytyfygonf?

etztwGuf -

etztm; txl;ojzifh wkdif;&if;om;wkd@aexkdifonfha'orsm;wGif �trsKd;orD;ESifh rdef;uav;i,frsm;tm; vdifapmfum;r_ESifh tjcm;vl@

tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_ðyvkyfaejcif;ukd &yfwef;rS&yf&ef/

xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&tm; rk'def;usifhcH&jcif;ESifh vdifapmfum;r_tðycH&olrsm; xkdif;EkdifiHokd@ �xGufajy;a&muf&Sdvmygu vkHavmufonfh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ESifh pdwfykdif;qkdif&m

tm;ay;r_pepfrsm; vufcH&&Sdjcif; &Sdr&Sd aojcmpGmaqmif&Guf=uyfrwfay;&ef/

EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;tm; yxrqkH;ckdv_H&mEkdifiHrsm;. vkHðcHr_&Sdonfhckdv_H&mESifh �tcsdefESifhtnD oifhawmfonfh axmufyHhr_wkd@tm; rk'def;usifhvdifapmfum;

cHcJh&onfh trsKd;orD;ESifh rdef;uav;i,frsm;tm; ay;tyf&ef? xkd@tjyif tvGef@

tu|ef tœ&m,frsm;aeonfh 'kQonf trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;i,frsm;tm; tr_

ta=umif;t&mtm; pDrHcef@cGJr_/ vkHðcHpdwfcs&onfh aep&mtaqmuftOD;wkd@yg0ifonfh

oifhav#mfonhf umuG,fapmifhav#mufr_rsm; ay;tyfjcif; &Sdr&Sd aocsmpGmppfaq;

vkyfaqmifay;&efESifh oifhav#mfrnfqkdygu ukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;=uD;

&kH;. tœ&m,fusa&mufaeonfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;pDrHudef; atmufwGif wwd,EkdifiHokd@

ajymif;a&$@ae&mcsxm;jcif;wkd@tm; axmufyHhaqmif&Gufay;&ef wkd@jzpfonf?

trsKd;orD;tm;vkH;tm; ‚wkd@. oufaocHxGufqkdcsufrsm;tm; cGifhðyay;tyfjcif;/

tcsdefay;jcif;ESifh Taqmif;yg;wGif tokH;ðya&;twGuf tpD&ifcHowif;ay;cJhonfh

cGeftm;pkdufxkwfcJhr_ wkd@tay: u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;taeESifh a=u;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?

UNSW 'kQonfokawoeA[kdXmecsKyfrS vif'g bmwkdvkdrkdif/ tkdif;vif;

ypfwma0; ESifh aumvif; bmwkdvkdrkdifwkd@tm; txl;a=u;Zl;wif&Sdyga=umif;?

1949 ckESpfwGif pwifwnfaxmifcJhI tzGJ@0iftrsKd;orD; okH;aomif;ausmf&Sdonfh

u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf; (www.karenwomen.org) onf

vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;jzpfI xkdif;e,fpyf&Sd 'kQonfpcef;rsm;ESifh jrefrmjynfwGif;

ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;/ trsKd;orD;rsm; zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;ESifh axmufyHha&;tultnDrsm;tm;

ay;tyfvkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf? u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;u trsKd;orD;tcGifhta&;tm;

od&Sdem;vnfap&efESifh tokdif;t0kdif;twGif; vlxkqkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh EkdifiHa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif

trsKd;orD;rsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifapa&;tm;vnf; tm;ay;vkyfaqmifaeayonf?

1 www.karenwomen.org

a=umufrufzG,f&mjynfe,f tœ&,fusa&mufaeonfh

trsKd;orD;rsm;u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;

u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf;. okawoevkyfI ðypkcJhonfh tpD&ifcHcsufESpfck -

2004 ckESpfwGif ‘a=uuGJp&m wdwfqdwfr_’ ESifh 2007 ckESpfwGifxkwfjyefcJhonfh

‘a=umufrufzG,fjynfe,f’ - onf jrefrmtrsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;wkd@tay:

us,fjyef@onfh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_tm; rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif;jzpfonf?


2007ckESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 24&ufae@wGif usa&mufaomukvor~ae@wGif &efukef&Sd

jrefrmEdkifiH&Sdukvor~. a'oqdkif&mvlom;jcif;pmemaxmufxm;a&;wm0efcHu

jzpf&yfwpfck. vufiif;tusdK;&v'fa=umifhedkifiHwumowif;Xmeodk@a&muf&SdoGm;onfh

jrefrmEdkifiHESifhywfoufonfh a=umfjimpmwrf; wpfapmiftm; ukvor~EkdifiHtoif;

udk,fpm; xkwfjyefvdkufonf? ta=umif;t&mrsm;xJrS wpfckrSm-

=o*kwfv 15 &ufae@wGif &kwfw&ufqDaps;jrifhwufr_a=umifh +idrf;csrf;pGmqjyjcif;u

tajccHvdktyfr_udk &&Sda&;twGuf ae hpOf&kef;uefr_ wdkif;jynfY vlom;csif;pmemaxmuf

xm;&efvkdtyfonfh tajctaeqdk;0g;r_udk ta&;w}uD;azmfjy&eftwGuf 4if;qjyr_Y

xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jyovsuf&Sdonf? xdktcsufwkd@onf jrefrmedkifiHtpdk;&tm;txl;*&kjyKa

pvdkaomukvor~ edkifiHtoif;u }udK;pm;v_yf&Sm;vsuf&Sdonfh tcsufyifjzpfonf?

vlxktwGif;ysH hESH honfESifhwjydKifeuf/ Txkwfjyefa=ujimcsufu

tpdk;&todkif;t0dkif;tm; E_d;aqmfr_udk t&SdefjrSifhwifay;vsuf&Sdonf? txl;ojzifh

wdkif;jynftwGif; vma&muf tvkyfvkyfonfh udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/ tpdk;&r[kwfaom

tzGJ htpnf;rsm;taejzifh v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Guf&ef wm0ef&SdedkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;

E_d;aqmfay;cJhonf? uBmhukvor~EdkfifiHtoif;. vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_

qdkif&mtajctaeqdk;&Gm;r_. tcdkiftrmxGufqdkcsufudk uef@uGuf&efESifh ‚wdk@.

a=ujimpmtm;vHk;rSm rrSefuefa=umif; jiif;qdk&eftwGuf ekdifiHjcm;a&;0ef

}uD;XmerS pmwrf;wpfapmif csufcsif;xkwfjyefvdkufonf? xdk@tjyif 0ef

}uD;Xmeu uBmhukvor~ Xmaeudk,fpm;vS,ftm; vkyfoifhonfxufausmfvGefI

xkwfjyefa=ujimonf[k pGyfpGJ+yD; aemufqHk;Y jynfaxmifpk jrefrmedkifiHtpdk;&u

‚Xmaeudk,fpm;vS,ftm; jrefrmedkifiHtwGif; qufvuf rxm;&Sdvdka=umif;/ txl;ojzifh

,ckjrefrmedkifiHESifh uBmhukvor~wdk@t=um; tajctaerSm twdrf;tapmif;rcHonfh

tajctaeY&Sdfaeonf[k ta=umif;jycJhonf?

tvGef0rf;enf;p&maumif;onfrSm TuJhodk@ vGefvGefuJuJ wHk@jyefta&;,ljcif;onf

a'oqdkif&m vkyfief;vnfywfjcif;. a&mifjyef[yfr_wpfckjzpfonf? t"dy`g,frSm

}udrfzefrsm;pGmcsKyfjc,fjcif;jzifh ppftpdk;&. ckdifrmaom ,lqcsufoabmxm;.

&v'fESpfckjzpfonf? yxrtcsuftaejzifh uBmhukvor~udk,fpm;vS,fvk

yfief;rsm;ESifh tjynfjynfqdkif&mtpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJ htpnf;rsm;onf

trdEkdifiHtm; qef@usifaomtiftm;}uD;ekdifiHrsm;. vufudkifwkwfjzpfjcif; ESifh

'kwd,tcsufrSm jrefrmekdifiHwGif; rnfonfhae&mrS ppfa&;yËdyQr&Sda=umif;ESifh

edkifiHwumrS yg0ifywfoufavmufatmif jynfwGif;ae&yfrsm;rSa&$@ajymif;aexdkif&r_

,cktcgwGifr&Sdyg[k qdkjcif;jzpfonf?

jrefrmEkdifiH

ta&S@ykdif;&Sd

ppfajy;

'kuQonf

wkd@tm;

aq;0g;

ukojcif;

Free

Bur

ma

Rang

ers

jrefrmedkifiHtwGif;vkkyfief;aqmif&Gufaeaom udk,fpm;vS,fvkyfief;rsm;u

jyif;xefonfhppfqifa&;'%fukd cHae&onfh a'orsm;twGif; twif;t"Ra&GS@

ajymif;jcif;cHae&aom jynfolrsm;tm; ulnD&efjzpfonf? wpfcgwpf&H arsSmfvifhcsuf

a&;a&;om&Sdaomfvnf; vHkavmufonfh vlom; csif;pmemaxmufxm;onhf

vkyfykdifcGifhtm; ta&;ay:vdktyfrjznfhpnf;ay;&ef cufcJpGm }udK;pm;vsuf&Sdonf?

vlom;csif;pmemonfhvkyfykdifcGifhtm;zJhxkwfjcif; *sif;z&efudktdpf 'l;&pf ESifh pDAifcg 'gemzvm


twGif;vlESifhtjyifvlrsm; xdkodk@aomvdktyfr_pdefac:csufrsm;twGuf vHkavmufpGm vkyfaqmifray;edkifaom

jrefrmedkifiHtwGif; vkyfaqmifaeonfh vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom tzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;. vkyfaqmifr_rsm;udk vkyfief;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh xdkif;edkifiHtajcpdkuf

jrefrmtwkduftcHtkyfpk (twkduftcHwkd@tm;axmufyHhonfhtaemufedkifiHrsm;

)rS a0zefoHk;oyfvsuf&Sdonf? ‚[email protected];pD;yGm;twGuf/ xdkif;edkifiHtajcpdkuf

vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;onfh tultnDay;vkyfief; vkyfaqmifolrsm;/ ta&S@

awmifjrefrme,fpyfbufodk@ a&$@ajymif;cJh&aom tm;udk;&mrJhvlrsm;tm; rkcsvdktyfaom

u,fq,fa&;rsm; a0iSvkyfaqmifjcif;/ ppftpdk;&.&ufpufr_ESifh ESdyfpufnSOf;yef;r_

cHae&aom 'kQonfrsm;.udk,fpm; ta&;}uD;aomu¾Y ordkif;aemufcHusus

axmufcHay;jcif;wdk@jzpfonf? uBmhtm&Hkpdkufvmp&mtcsufrsm;um; ‚wdk@t&JpGef@I

e,fpyfjzwfausmfjcif;/ 'kQonfrsm;&Sdaejcif;. oufaocHcsufrsm; ta&S@

awmifa'owGif jynfwGif;a&GS@ajymif;aexdkif&olrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;jyKcJhjcif; wdk@a=umifh

jzpfonf? pdwfraumif;p&mtaeESifh pGyfpGJcHae&onfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tvm;wl

*k%foduQmqHk;&_H;jcif;ESifh jrefrmjynftwGif; vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom

OD;wnfcsufrsm;tay: wpfjcm;enf;vrf;ESifh twif;tusyf vkyfaqmifae&jcif;

yifjzpfonf?

odk@wdkifatmif 2003ckESpf ESpfukefydkif;wGif rdSefaeaomtvif;a&mifonf

vif;vufpjyKvmonfh um;csyfjzpfvmcJhonf? 0ef}uD;csKyf AdkfvfcsKyf}uD;cifnGef@.

ac:,lawG@qHkr_onf xl;jcm;aom ta&;}uD;onfh tajymif;tvnf;w&yfudk

azmfaqmifcJhonf? e,fpyfa'owGif; +idrfoufat;csrf;apr_omru edkifiHwumtxd

&if;ESD;onfhtrlt&may:vGifaponfh qtm;jzifh 0ef;}uD;csKyfonf ta&S@

bufESifh ta&S@awmifa'orsm;wGif vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_ESifh

a'owGif;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_vkyfief;rsm;udk edkifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;

tultnDay;r_rsm;aqmif&Guf&ef vrf;zGifhay;cJhonf? xdk@a=umifh 2004ckESpf wGif

uBmhukvor~rS jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; ulnD&eftwGuf tcGifhtcg&&SdcJhayonf?

tpdk;&tm%m&Sdolrsm;taejzifh jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonftjzpf oHk;E_H;ac:a0:rnfh tpm;

trdajrodk@jyefvmolrsm;[k owdjyKac:a0:cJh=uonf?

jzwfawmufjcif;2004ESpfukefydkif;ESifh 2005ESpfOD;ydkif;tcsdefwGif ‚tajctaeaumif;onfhtaetxm

;rsm;rSm rar#mfvifhbJ &kwfw&uf ukefqHk;cJhonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf 2004ckESpf

atmufwdkbmvwGif AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cifnGefhtm; tm%mrSz,f&Sm;vdkufjcif;ESifh

axmifoGif;tusOf;csvkdufr_a=umifh tkyfcsKyfa&;pepf pwifv_yf&rf;vmum

pdwf"gwfcdkifrmpGmjzifh rlvtajctaeodk@‚/ ekdifiHwum todkif;t0ef;rS

tm%m&Sdolrsm;ESifh 'kQa&mufaeonfhjynfolrsm;=um; vlom;csif;pmemaom

tjyeftvSefajymqdkr_. &if;ESD;r_vrf;rsm;tm; ydwfyifvdkuf=uonf?

Todk@jzifh 2005ck arvtukefwGif jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;topfu

vlom;csif;pmemaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfvmonf? 'kQ

onfrsm;qdkif&mukvor~r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;rS ta&S@awmifbufodk@ vkyfief;rsm; tus,f

w0ifhvkyfaqmif&eftcGifhta&;udk jiif;y,fjcif;cHcJh&onf? tjynfjynfqdkif&m=uufajceD

aumfrwDrSvnf; ‚[email protected],fpyfa'otwGif; v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_onf w&m;0ifxif

ay:jcif;r&Sdaoma=umifh ‚wdk@rS aocsmpGmppfaq;&ef ta=umif;=um;jcif;cHcJh&onf?

(qdkvdkonfrSm E_wf*wdjzifhom&Sdjcif;)? odk@jzpfI acwfopf.aqmifyk'frSm &Sif;vif;pGmjzifh

rouFmzG,f&m jzpfcJh&onf?

tpdk;&taejzifh ‚[email protected]"avhxHk;wrf;t& em;vnfxm;onfhtwdkif;

usef;rma&;0ef}uD;XmerS owday;jcif;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhonf?

pD;yGm;a&;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_ESihf trsdK;om;pDrHudef;0ef}uD;u

edkifiHwumudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tay: rdrd.tm%m jyefvnfcdkifrm&eftwGuf

‚tcGifhta&;udk Oya't&odrf;,lcJhonf? xdkjzpfpOfonf 2006ckESpf/

azazmf0g&DvwGif tjiif;yGm;aponfh vrf;nGefr_rsm;a=umifhjzpfonf? wHk@

jyefcsuftaeESifhh ukvor~EdkifiHtoif;rSvnf; vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom

tultnDrsm;ay;urf;axmufyhH&eftwGuf vrf;nGefr_Oa'o wpfpHkudk 0ef}uD;ESifh

tjcm;vkyfazmfukdifbufrsm;odk@ wifjycJhonf? ‚rSm jrefrmedkifiHwGif r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfr_

tajctaetay: ukvor~OD;wnfcsufrsm;ESihf wdusaomvkyfief;aqmif&Gufr_vrf;

n$efrsm;yg0ifonf?

0rf;enf;p&maumif;onfrSm/ vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_ vdktyfcsufrsm;

ta&S@awmifwef;a'owGif odomxif&Sm;pGm wdk;yGm;vmonfESifh

a'owGif;ppfqifa&;wif;usyfr_rsm; tpOfjzpfyGm;vsuf&Sdonf? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;

cifnGefhtm; &mxl;rSz,f&Sm;vkdufjcif;u u&ifhawmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;ESifh

prf;oyfonfhtaetxm;t&om +idrf;csrf;a&;&,lcJhonfh jzpfpOfwpfckjzpfa=umif;

azmfjyaeonf? xdk@a=umifhESpfOD;ESpfzufrS ppftiftm;rsm; wzefxdyfwdkufawG@

qHk&eftwGuf jyifqifr_rsm; jyKvkyfvmonf? 2005ckESpf/ ESpfukefydkif;wGif

yJcl;wkdif;a&S@ydkif;&Sd awmifay:a'orsm;wGif ppfrD;rsm;jzpfay:vsuf&Sdonf? ‚a=umifh

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmt=um rjrifcJh&aom a&GS@ajymif;aexdkifolrsm; axmifESifhcsDI

jzpfyGm;cJh&onf?

ukvor~ESifh EdkifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrwD (ICRC) wdk@onfxdkedkifiHa&;

rjidrfroufjzpfaeaom a'orsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufcGifh r&&SdcJh=uay? xdk@tjyif 2006ckESpf

ZlvdkifvwGif 'kQonfrsm;qdkif&m r[mrif;}uD;&Hk; (UNHCR)rS

0ef}uD;csKyfxHodk@ jynfwGif;ppf'kQa=umifh vlom;csif;pmemaom vdktyfr_rsm;udk

oGm;a&mufulnDr_cGifhay;&ef toem;cHavsSmufxm;cJhaomfvnf; ‚wkd@

rSy,fcscJhonf? wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif tpdk;&rS jynfolrsm;ESifhqufqHa&;tm;xkwfr_

udkekdifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;odk@ oabmayguf&efESifh u&ifhtrsdK;om;tpnff;t&Hk;

(KNU) wdk@. jynfolwkd@tay:vGSrf;rdk;aer_udk wdkufcdkuf&ef txl;wvnfae

&m,ljyifqifvsuf&Sdonf? xkdenf;wlpGm t&yfom;jynfolrsm;. xdckdufcHpm;r_

rsm;onf u&ifhtrsdK;om;tpnff;t&Hk;wdk@. xºuGykefuefr_a=umifhjzpfa=umif;

tjypfwifvsuf&Sdonf? jynfolrsm;. twif;t"Ra&GS@ajymif;jcif;cHae&r_/

u&ifhtrsdK;om;tpnff;t&Hk;wdk@. tkyfcsKyfe,fajrtwGif;odk@ aus;&Gmrsm;a&G@ajymif;&r_

(xdkif;edkifiHt wGif;&Sd 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tygt0if) wdk@onf u&ifhtrsdK;om;tpnff;t&Hk;a

=umifh[kpGyfpGJjyefygonf?

xdk@tjyifawmifydkif;a'orsm;wGif 2005aemufydkif;ESifh 2006ESpfOD;ydkif;u

tprf;oabmjzifh jyKvkyfaom taxmuftulrsm;ESihf aESmihfaES;r_rsm;u

oufaojyaeonf? EdkifiHwum=uufajceDaumfrwD (ICRC) u ‚. pH&yfwnfr_

a=umifh vkyfief;rsm;qufvufaqmif&Guf&eftcGifhtvrf; enf;yg;vmjcif;onfvnf;

oufaojyaeonfomru 2006ESpfukefydkif;wGif uGif;qif;aqmif&Gufolrsm;om

vkyfief;udkvnfywfapvsuf ‚wdk@. tpDtpOfonf twkta,mif

jyefvnfxlaxmifolrsm;ESifh omywfoufaeI tusdK;tjrwfcHpm;&olrsm;rSm

jrefrmppftpdk;&ESifh t&yfom;rsm;om jzpfaeonf? ukvor~vkyfief;udk,fp

m;vS,frSvnf; ‚wdk@. 2005 ckESpf tao;pm;vkyfief;udk +yD;jynfhpHk&ef pDrHcef@

cGJvsuf&Sdonf? tcsKd@taetxm;rsm;rSmrl ‚wdk@. vkyfief;&yfwnfr_twGufomjzpf+yD;

a'ocH0efxrf;rsm;rSwqifh vkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonf?

aemufqHk;wGif 'kQonfrsm;qdkif&mukvor~r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;onf ‚.w&m;0ifvHkðcHr_

twGuf 2006ckESpf {+yDvwGif e,fpyfa'oESifh wdkif;&if;om;rsm;zGH@+zdK;wdk;

wuf a&;0ef}uD;Xme (ewv) ESifh em;vnfr_pmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=uonf?

pmwrf;ygoufwrf;t& aemufxyf 2ESpftwGuf 2007 ckESpf ESpfv,fydkif;wGif

xyfrHoufwrf;wdk;cJh=uonf? ‚tpDtpOf. OD;wnfcsufrSm ta&S@awmifykdif;

a'orsm;wGif a&GS@ajymif;aexdkifr_rsm;a=umifh wpfajrwnf;aexdkifolrsm;tm;

&dkufcwfvmr_wkd@tm; ulnDaqmif&Guf&efESihf vkyfief;cGifa'oodk@ vSHk+cHKr_OD;xdyfxm;vsuf

aESmifhaES;r_r&Sdap&ef 0efxrf;rsm;tm; 0ifxGufcGihfjyK&ef wdk@jzpfonf?ukvor~

cav;rsm;&HyHkaiGtzGJ@ (UNICEF) rSvnf; ‚wdk@.&Hk;cGJudk rGefjynfe,f.òrd@awmf armfvòrdifwGif

zGifhvSpfcJhonf? odk@aomf edkifiHjcm;om;rsm;tm; twnfwus ae&mcs cef@

xm;edkifjcif;r&SdcJhay?

ewvonf tzGJ@tpnf;topfwpfcktaejzifh EkSdif;,Snf=unfhaomf jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@

awmifwGif wpfOD;wnf; Áa¹EN&Sd&Sd qufvufwnf&Sdae+rJ jzpfonf?ukvor~ (UN) ESifh edkifiHwum tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wkd@ESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifaomtzGJ@0if

trsm;qHk;tzGJ@tpnf;rSm usef;rma&;0ef}uD;Xmeyifjzpfonf? usef;rma&;ESifhqdkifaom

vlom;csif;pmemonfh taxmuftul jzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm ta&S@awmifa'owGif

zGH@+zdk;wdk;wufcJhaomfvnf; jynfoljynfom;rsm;twGuf tvkyftudkifvdktyfr_udk

jznfhpGrf;edkifjcif;r&SdcJhay?

nSdEd_if;aqmif&Gufr_2004 ck ESpfukefydkif;tcsdefrSpI nSdekdif;r_jyKedkifaom vkyfief;vnfywfwnf&Sdr_

onf ta&S@awmifa'oY tzGJ@0iftm;vHk;udk twlwuG

ta=umif;t&mtcsuftvufzvS,f&mwGif vnf;aumif;/ vkyfief;vkyfaqmifolrsm;ESifh

v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;. tpDtpOfudkvnf;aumif; pwifedkifcJh onf? ‚tcsuftvufrsm;onf

vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@ (PMWG) twGuf vkyfief;aqmif&Guf&mwGif

trSDo[JðycJhonf?‚ (PMWG) udk (UNCT) rS 2004 ckESpfukefydkif;wGif

wnfaxmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf? vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@ (PMWG) onf jynfol@vSkyf&Sm;r_ yHkpHrsm;udk avhvm&mY taxmuftulðyonfh

jynfwGif;a&Gajymif;aexkdifr_ESifh 0ifxGufoGm;vmr_udk t"duavhvm&mwGifvnf;aumif;/

aocsmonfh axmufcHcsufaomfvnf;aumif;/ (UNCT) . udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf

aqmif&GuftpD&ifcHay;vsuf&Sdonf? ‚tpD&ifcHcsufonf vl@todkif; t0dkif;tajccHtzGJ@


tpnf;rsm; (CBOs) ESifh ESD;aESm&mwGifvnf;aumif;/

oD;jcm;ty,fcH vl@todkif;t0dkif;rsm;odk@

rnfonfutaumif;qHk;ae&meSifh rnfuJhodk@ vdktyfcsufudkjznfh

pGuf&ef paom qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mY axmufyhHay;onfh

wGef;tm;wpfckjzpfonf?

jrefrmedkifiHwGif vlom;csif;pmemaom vkyfief;

nSdEd_if;r_vkyfief;aqmifwmudk ukvor~ (UN) zGJ@

pnf;yHk tajccHrl twGif;wGif wnfaxmifzGJ@pnf;jcif;u

vkyfief;udk,fpm;vS,f&yfwnfr_aumfrwD zGJ@pnf;&efvH_@

aqmfay;cJhonf? ‚onf vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom

vkyfief;AsL[mrsm; pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&mY

ta&;ygaom xifjrif,lqcsufay;onfhae&mwGif

tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm; (NGOs) rsm;udk

xnfhoGif;yg0ifcGifhjyKcJhonf? tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm;

(NGOs) ESifh tajccHvlh@todkfif;t0dkif;tzGJ@

tpnf;rsm; (CBOs) tm;vHk;yGifhvif;pGmyg0if v_

yf&Sm;r_ rðyEkdifcJhaomfjim;vnf; enf;vrf;opfjzifh ‚wdk@

ESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;tm;jzifh ta=umif;t&m tvHk;pHkudk

=um;odcGifh&jcif;wkd@udk twdtus azmfaqmifaponf?

vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@ (PMWG) ESifh

(TBBC) wdk@. jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tay:

tpD&ifcHpm wdk@onf t,ltqcsif;wlnD=uonf?

‚tpD&ifcHpmonf befaumuf+rdk@Y jyKvkyfaom jrefrmESifh

ukvor~EdkifiHtoif; (UNCT) t=um;eSifh xdkif;edkifiHodk@

e,fpyfjzwfausmf tvkyfvkyfolrsm;. yxrt}udrf

tjrifzvS,fyGJtay: jyXmef;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?‚zvS,fr_

rsm;onf qufvufwnf&Sdrnfjzpf+yD; r=umc%qdkovdk

tcsdefESifhtr# ydkrdkwdk;wuf&efjzpfonf? 2007 ckESpftwGif;

‚[email protected]@qHkr_tpnf;ta0;rS ta=umif;t&mvkduf

zJG@pnf;cJh=uonfh usef;rma&;/ ynma&;/

toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ESifh tcGifhta&;umuG,fr_ ponfwdk@

a=umifh todtrSwfjyKjcif;cHcJh&onf? tjyifvlESifh

twGif;vlrsm;t=um; ,SOf+ydKifvkyfaqmifjcif;xuf

av;pm;csD;usL;&onfh ae@pOfjzpfay:r_udk jrifap&ef ‚u

azmfaqmifcJhonf? tenf;i,faom jrefrmtajcpdkuf

tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf; (NGOs) udk xdkif;edkifiHtajcpdkuf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u

tjyeftvSeftusKd;twGuf }udKqdkcJh=uaomfvnf; rouFmr_

wdk@u w&pf0J0J &Sdae+rJjzpfonf?

ydkIta&;=uD;onfrSm ukvor~rS jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonf rsm;ESifh vHk+cHKr_r&Sdaom

jynfolrsm;/ rjrif&onfh xdcdkufapaom ta=umif;t&mrsm;tm;azmfxkwf&ef

vrf;rsm;&SmazGae&qJ jzpfonf? xdkt a=umif;t&mrsm;aqG;aEG;r_ESifhywfoufI

ppftm%mydkiftpdk;&rsm;taejzifh ‚wdk@*wdrwnfjcif; odk@r[kwf r&Sdjcif; ponfwdk@

omjzpfonf?

2007/ atmufwdkbm/ ukvor~ESpfywfvnfae@. trSmpum;tay:

rkefwdkif;xefxefwHk@jyefjcif;Y rvdk vm;tyfaom axhvHk;aighvHk;rsm; yg0ifonf?

ta=umif;&if;rsm;rSm ta&;w}uD;vdktyfr_twGufjrefrmESihf ukvor~ axmufyHhr_

tzGJ@wdk@ yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef tm&Hkpdkufaecsdef/ vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_

qdkif&m tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;r_rsm; &&dS&ef}udK;yrf;aecsdefY vlrqefonfh

ppftkyfcsKyfa&;pepfu wHcg;ydwfvdkufjcif;/ rdrd.oufwrf;wpfav#muf tm;wufoa&m

wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhaom a'ocH vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_qdkif&m tvkyftr_

aqmiftjzpfrS jyif;xefpGmpGyfpGJI jzKwfypfjcif; ponfwdk@ jzpfonf?

xkdtpdk;&. &GH&SmzG,ftkyfcsKyfr_pepfu jynfolwkd@twGuf wpfpHkwpf&mr#topftqef;

jyKvkyfekdifjcif; r&Sdao;ay? Tonfum; jrefrmekdifiHwGif vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_

qdkif&m Oya'udk qef;opfwDxGifaomenf;jzifh usifhoHk;Irjzpfekdif[k qkdvkdjcif;r[kwfay?

xdk@a=umifh vlom;csif; pmemr_qdkif&m vdktyfr_onf ukvor~ ESifh ‚.jrefrmedkifiHtwGif;

vkyfazmfukdifbufrsm; twGuf ta&;}uD; qHk;wm0eftjzpfqufvufwnf&Sd aernfom

jzpfayawmhonf?

*sif;z&efudktdpf d'l;&pf [email protected] onf

arv/ 2005 ckESpf rS pufwifbmv/ 2007 ckESpftxd jrefrmEdkifiHwGif 'kQonfrsm;

qdkif&mukvor~r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;. tvkyfr_aqmifudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf? ‚onf ,ckcsdefY

'kQonfavhvma&;XmerS tjynfjynfqdkif&mvlhtcGifhta&; ESifh 'kQonfOya'a=umif;qkdif&m

uxduwOD;jzpfonf? pDAifcg d'gemzvm [email protected] onf

tzfume,fpwm / umbl; rS 'kQonfrsm;qdkif&m ukvor~r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;.

a'oqdkif&m wm&Snfajz&Sif;a&;wm0efcHt&m&SdwpfOD; jzpfonf?

Taqmif;yg;onf pma&;ol.yk~Kdvfa&;qkdif&mtjrifomjzpf+yD;

uBmhukvor~.tjriftm; ukd,fpm;rðyyg?

1 ukvor~edkifiHtoif;wGif FAO, ILO, IOM, UNDP, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNODC, UNOPS, WFP , WHO wdk@ yg0ifonf?

2 EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef=uD;Xmeonf atmfwdkbm 31&uf 2007 ckESpf wGif jrefrmEdkifiHY ukvor~edkifiHtoif;. xkwfjyefpmudk jyef=um;cJhonf?

3 / tuf&Sav apmufof ‘Burma: The Changing Nature of Displacement Crises', RSC Working Paper 39, Feb 2007: www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/PDFs/WP39%20Burma%20AS.pdf 4 Wherever there is a Humanitarian Coordinator, OCHA requires that there should also be an inter-agency coordination committee modelled on the IASC (www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc), which includes, in addition to UNCT members, the Red Cross movement and large NGOs.5 Wherever there is a Humanitarian Coordinator, OCHA requires that there should also be an inter-agency coordination committee modelled on the IASC (www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc), which includes, in addition to UNCT members, the Red Cross movement and large NGOs.6 ‘Internal Displacement and Protection in Eastern Burma', 2005: www.tbbc.org/idps/report-2005-idp-english.pdf

jrefrmjynfta&S@ykdif;&Sd a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;pcef;rsm;/

ykef;atmif;&ma'orsm;ESifh typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfha'orsm;/ 2007 ckESpf


jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;ae&yfrStwif;t"Ra&$@

ajymif;cH&r_tm; ykHpHcGJjcm;jcif;qDokd@

tuf&Sfavapmufof

vlxk.v_yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifr_ta=umif;w&m;rsm;t& jrefrmEkdifiHwGif

ae&yfrSt"Rarmif;xkwfcH&jcif;tm; ykHpHokH;rsKd;jzifh us,fjyef@pGm cGJjcm;owfrSwfE_difonf?

ykHpH 1 - ppfa&;yËdyQjzpfyGm;jcif;a=umifhjzpfyGm;&onfh ae&yfrSajymif;a&@$&jcif; -

wkdufyGJrsm;ESifh wefjyefawmfvSefa&; ppfqifa&;rsm;. wkduf&kduftusKd;quf a=umifh

okd@r[kwf ppfa&;yËdyQu vlom;wkd@vkHðcHr_ESifh pm;eyf&dQmzlvkHr_tm; v_dufpm;vmjcif; w

pfckr[kwfwpfcka=umifhjzpfyGm;&onfhtjyif jyif;xefonfh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_

rsm;ESifhvnf; qufEG,faeonf? u&ifjynfe,fw0Srf;/ weoFm&Dwkdif;ta&Sykdif;/

rGefjynfe,fawmifykdif;/ u&ifeD (u,m;) jynfe,f awmifykdif;ESifh ta&S@ykdif;/

&Srf;jynfawmifykdif;wkd@tjyif csif;jynfe,fESifh ppfukdif;wkdif; tpdwftykdif;wpfcsKd@wGif

jzpfyGm;jcif;udkawG@&onf?

ykHpH 2 - ppfr_xrf;jcif;ESifh zG@Hòzd;a&;vkyfaqmifr_wkd@a=umifhjzpfyGm;onfh

ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@&jcif; - TykHpHtaeESifh atmufygwkd@a=umihfykHrSefjzpfyGm;&onf?

(u) obm0t&if;tjrpfxkwf,la&;ESifh tajccHtaqmufttkH wnfaqmufjcif;wkd@

twGuf jrefrmhwyfrawmfrS okd@r[kwf tjcm;vufeufukdiftkyfpkrsm;rS

ajr,modrf;,ljcif; - ppfa&;yËdyQaemufqufwGJ? (c) acgif;ykHjzwfaumufcHonfhtcGef/

t"Rvkyftm;ay;ESifh tjcm;aESmuf,Suft=urf;zufr_rsm;? ppfwyf}uD;xGm;a&;

vkyfaqmifr_a=umifh ESifh§okd@r[kwf ‘zG@Hòzd;a&;’vkyfaqmifjcif;wkd@. xdckdufr_a=umifh

wkdif;ESifhjynfe,[email protected],fpyf òrd@aea'owkd@wGif (uBmvSnfhc&D;oGm;vkyfief; wkd;csJ@

jcif; ESifh ‘òrd@jytopfðyjyifwnfaqmufjcif;’ tygt0if) ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@rl

jzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpfonf?

txufyg ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@=u&onfhykHpHESpfckrSm yËdyQ.&v'frsm;jzpfonf? ykHpH

(1) onf ppfa&;yËdyQa=umifh wkduf&kdufjzpfyGm;&jcif;jzpf+yD;/ ykHpH (2) u rD;cJjymzkH;

jzpfaeonfhyËdyQa=umifh okd@r[kwf vufeufukdifppfwyftm;ukd;I csdrf;ajcmufr_

a=umifhjzpfyGm;&onf? xkdokd@jzifh t"Ra&$@ajymif;ckdif;apr_ukd jzpfaponfhtjyif ppfajy;

'kQonfb0a&muf=u&jcif;jzpfonf? (vrf;n$efOya'owGif &Sif;jycJhonfhtwkdif;)

ykHpH 3 - aexkdif&Sifoefa&;tm;enf;csufa=umifhjzpfyGm;&onfh ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@&jcif;

- TtcsufrSm jrefrmEkdifiH. jynfwGif;jynfy ajymif;a&$@0ifa&mufaexkdifjcif;wkd@

tay:wGif tajcðyonf? t"du jzpfyGm;r_rsm;rSm tpkd;&. enf;vrf;rusonfhrl0g'ESifh

taumiftxnfazmfaqmifr_rsm;/ ukefxkwfajr. uef@owfxm;&Sdjcif;ponfhtjyif

aps;uGufnHhjzif;jcif;rsm;wkd@a=umifh jzpfyGm;&onf? Ttaetxm;rsm;u

pm;a&&dQm/ ynma&;ESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ rvkHavmufjcif;wkd@ jzpfyGm;&ef

OD;wnfonf? xkdtm%mykdifyk~Kdvfwkd@u tm;enf;onfh pD;yGm;a&;t&a&$@

ajymif;0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tjzpf txl;zefwD;azmfaqmifcJhonf?

tuf&Savapmufof ([email protected]) onf tvGwfowif;axmufESifh

jrefrmEkdifiHESifh ta&S@awmiftm&Sd&Sd vlom;csif; pmemonfhtultnDay;a&;ESifh

EkdifiHa&;udPrsm;twGuf twkdifyifcH yk~Kdvfjzpfonf? ‚. 'kQonfavhvma&;Xme. 2007 ckESpf

azaz:0g&Dvxkwf tpD&ifcHpmjzpfonfh eHygwf 39 &Sd d'jrefrm - ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&r_

jy\emrsm;. obm0tajymif;tvJ' tao;pdwftm; www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/PDFs/WP39%20Burma%20AS.pdf wGifawG@&SdE_difygonf?

1. www.brookings.edu/projects/idp/gp_page.aspx

jrefrmjynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;tay:

EkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaqmifr_rsm;.tcef;u¾

tif'&_; abmqef

jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; ae&yfrSt"Rarmif;xkwfcH&jcif;onf ppfwyf okd@r[kwf

ppfwyf. t&yfom;tm%mykdifwkd@. trdef@t& okd@r[kwf pD;yGm;a&;&nf&G,fcsuf

rsm;a=umifh obm0ab;tœ&m,f/ ppfa&;wkdufckdufr_ okd@r[kwf ajymif;a&$@

ae&mcsxm;r_§ajr,modrf;,lr_uJhokd@ tjzpftysufwpfckcka=umifhjzpfyGm;&jcif;

jzpfrnf? ykHrSeftaeESifh &Gmrsm;tm;vkH; okd@r[kwf vlxktokdif;t0kdif;rsm; okd@r[kwf òrd@

ae&yfuGufrsm;tm; xkdjzpf&yfwkd@u &kwfw&ufxdckdufaponf?

trsm;tm;jzifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&jcif;onf tm%mykdifwkd@. EkdifxufpD;

eif;jyXmef;vkyfaqmifaeonfh t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;jcif;/ ajr,modrf;,ljcif;/

+cdrf;acsmufaiGnSpfjcif;ESifh twif;t=uyfrpkdufrae&oD;ESHwkd@pkdufckdif;jcif; wkd@

yg0ifonfhr_cif;twGJvkdufa=umifhjzpfyGm;&jcif;yifjzpfonf? vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_

qkd;&Gm;pGmjzpfaponfh Ttwkdif;twmwkd@onf tcsdefESifhtr#ykHrSef wppwkd;vmI

rdom;pk. ykdifqkdifr_t&if;tjrpfESifh 0ifaiGukd wpftdrfvkH;pD;yGm;a&;òydvJ

onftxd avsmhusapI tdrfrSqif;oGm;&jcif;onfomtaumif;qkH; okd@r[kwf

wpfckwnf;aoma&G;p&mjzpfvmonf? Tvkyfief;pOfu yxrtaeESifh

ykdrdkqif;&Jonfhrdom;pkrsm;tm; xdckdufapI wjznf;jznf; tokdif;t0kdif;wpfckvkH;

ESpftwkdif;twmwpfcktwGif; rdrdae&yfrSa&$@ajymif;tajccsonfhtaetxm;okd@

a&muf&Sdjcif;jzpfonf? T vlxktaejzifh yk~KdvfwpfOD;csif;t&aomf‚/

rdom;pktkyfpkvkdufaomf‚ qtvkduf ‘wjznf;jznf;armif;xkwfcH&jcif;’ ykHpHtm;

a'owGif;ESifh/ typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfhae&mrsm;tjyif tjcm;jrefrmEkdifiHa'orsm;wGif

vuf&SdyËdyQjzpfyGm;aoma'owGif todtrSwfðyxm;=uonf?

TEkdifxufpD;eif;twkdif;twmrsm; vkyfukdifjcif;/ xdckdufapjcif;wkd@tjyif

v$rf;ðcHaeonfhqif;&JrGJawr_tajctaetm; ykdqkd;apI aiGa=u;azmif;yGr_wkd;jrifhvmum

0ifaiGrSef usqif;onfhtaetxm;okd@a&muf=u&onf?

tjcm;ajymE_difonfhtcsufrSm EkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaqmifr_whkd.qufEG,fpkpnf;r_t&ESifh pD;

yGm;a&;t&if;cHta=umif;w&m;wkd@a=umihf vlxktaeESifh tdrfypf,mypfxGufcGmvm=u&

jcif;jzpfonf? wpfpkHwpfOD;taeESifh ajymif;a&$@cH&jcif;jzpfaponfh vkyfief;pOfwpfckvkH;tm;/

taetxm;wpfckjcif;xufykdI vufiif;ta=umif;w&m;taeESifh pOf;pm;ayrnf?

EkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaqmifr_rsm;ygvmonfhae&mwGif tajctaeuv_yf&Sm;r_twGuf

armif;ðzwf&efomtrSefwu,fvkdtyfonfhtaetxm;okd@

a&muf&Sdum r=umc%qkdouJhokd@ pm;a&&dQmzlvkHr_twGuf pkd;&drf&jcif;tm;

pD;yGm;a&;tokH;tE_H;rsm;wGif zGifhqkdE_dif onfhtajca&muf aevifhupm; ykHrSeftaeESifh

jrefrmEkdifiHwGifjzpfyGm;onfh jzpf&yfa=umifh cHpm;&onfh jynfolvlxk.v_yf

&Sm;vkyfaqmifcsufu jynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwf cH&olrsm;twGuf

vkdufemapmifhxdrf;&rnfh vrf;n$efOya'orsm;. twkdif;twmtwGif;

twdtvif;usqif;vm&onf?

tif'&l;bkdqefonf tvGwfwrf;okawoeynm&Sifjzpfonf? ‘txl;ojzifh tpkd;&xdrf;csKyfr_

atmuf&Sda'orsm;tm; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ae&yfrsm;rStwif;t=uyfa&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;§

armif;xkwfcH&jcif;’ tpD&ifcHpmukd 2007 ckESpf arvwGif jynfwGif;ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@

apjcif; apmifh=unfhppfaq;a&;XmetwGuf a&;om;ðypkcJholjzpfonf?

www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs4/IDMC-Burma_report_mai07.pdf wGifawG@E_difygonf?

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ‘zdtm;ay;ESifxkwfrl’tm; teufzGifhjcif;

jrefrmvlrsKd;trsm;pktaeESifh ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umihf ‚wkd@aetdrfrsm;rS xGufajy;=u&onf? rnfokd@yifjzpfap xGufcGm=u&jcif;. tajccHta=umif;w&m;rsm;rSm

‘ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;’ okd@r[kwf ‘pD;yGm;a&;t&a&$@ajymif;0ifa&mufvmolrsm;’' ponfh rnfonfhacgif;pOfESifh qDav#mfa=umif;ukd qkH;jzwfcsufjcay;xm;ayonf?

vkdufem&rnfh jynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;twGuf vrf;n$efOya'o ESifhtnD b0vrf;a&G;cs,fr_twGuf ajcukefvufyrf;usvmonfhtwGuf

tdrfrSxGufcGmvm&olrsm;tm; ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tjzpf owfrSwfoifhroifh aqG;aEG;r_tcsKd@&Sdonf? tuf&SavapmufofESifh tif'&l;bkdqef wkd@u ‚[email protected];tm; atm

ufygtwkdif;aqG;aEG;wifjy=uonf?

E_dif;,SOfcsuftaeESifh TtjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;r_u jynfajy;jrefrmtokdif;t0kdif;twGif; wkd;csJhaqG;aEG;r_ jzpfvmE_difonf? 'kQonfpcef;jyifywGif&Sdonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;taeESifh

‘pD;yGm;a&;t&0ifa&mufvmolrsm;’avm/ okd@r[kwf ‘ukd,fwkdife,fopftajccs'kQonfrsm;’yifavm? ‘xkdif;EkdifiHwGif aysmufaejcif;’ acgif;pOfjzifh aqmif;yg;wGif

TudPtwGuf ykdItvif;jzef@usufay;xm;ayonf?


jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ae&yfa'orSt"Rarmif;xkwfcH&onfh tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;okd@a&muf&Sd

ckdv_HcJh&olrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh ulnDtm;ay;r_ESifh okawoeðycsuftrsm;pku

xkdif;e,fpyfwav#muf vufeufukdifyËdyQa=umifh xdckdufcHpm;&onfha'orsm;tm; t

av;ay;vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufv#uf&Sdonf? jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;&Sd ‚yËdyQxdckdufcH&onfh

a'otawmfrsm;rsm;tm; EkdifiHwumtultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;taeESifh wkduf&kduf

qufoG,fEdkifonfhtaetxm;r&SdonfhtwGuf ‚wkd@taeESifh a'ocHtvkyftzGJ@rsm;ESifh

yl;aygif;I tultnDay;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&onf?

xkdif;EkdifiH odk@r[kwf tjcm;tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;rS jrefrmjynfwGif;&Sd

jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; ay;tyfaeonfhtultnDonf jrefrmtpkd;&.

tcsKyftjcmtm%mtm; pdrfac:r_jyKaeonfhtwGuf w&m;r0if[k qkdonf?

trSefwu,frSmrl e,fpyfjzwfausmfIvkyfaqmifae=uolrsm;uvnf;

w&m;0ifaxmufyHhr_r[kwf[k owfrSwfxm;=uonf? tcsKd@e,fpyfjzwfausmfIvkyfaqmif

ae=uonfh (uef@owfxm;jcif;a=umifhtenf;i,fomay;tyfE_difonfh tultnDESifh vl@t

cGifhta&;tcsuftvufrsm;rSwfwrf;wifr_) b*Fvm;a'h&SfESifh tdd,EkdifiHrsm;rS v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;‚/

tvm;wl rxifr&Sm;aq;0g;tultnDay;tyfjcif; tygt0if taxmuftyHhtcsKd@ukd

w&kwfEkdifiHrS wqifh‚vkyfaqmif=u&onf? xkdif;EkdifiHtajcpkduf e,fpyfjzwfausmftult

nDay;onfhtkyfpktrsm;pktaeESifh u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; xkdtultnDay;vkyfief;rsm;tm;

vkyfaqmifcJhonf? odkhaomf rGefESifh u&ifeD (u,m;) jynfe,frsm;wGifvnf;

tvm;wllvkyfaqmifr_rsm;vnf;&SdcJhayonf? vkHðcHa&;taetxm;ESifh

a'owGif;vkyfaqmifEkdifpGrf;uef@owfr_ twkdif;twmrsm;t& &Srf;jynfe,fwGifrl

vkyfief;tenf;i,fr#om taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufEdkif=uonf?

e,fpyfjzwfausmfvkyfaqmifae=uonfh pDrHudef;rsm;u ormorwfusEdkifoI

vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESifhwajy;nD ulnDaxmufyHhr_ay;onf[kajymEdkifaomfvnf;

xkdtaxmuftyHhonf vufvSrf;rDEdkifonfhtaetxm;ESifh a0;uGmaeayao;onf?

e,fpyfjzwfausmfonfh ulnDaxmufyHhr_uGef,ufrsm;onf vkHðcHr_ESifh axmufyhHykd@

aqmifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;azmfaqmifE_difa&;tay: vufeufukdiftwkduftcHtkyfpkrsm;ESifh

eD;uyfpGmaqmif&Gufv#uf&Sdonf? trSefrSm e,fpyfjzwfausmfvkyf*Sm;ae=uol

trsm;pkrSm awmfvSefa&; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. wyfzGJ@0ifrsm; okd@r[kwf zGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uonf?

a'ocHtpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh e,fpyfjzwfausmftultnDay;tzG@J

rsm;onfvnf; vl@tcGifhta&;rSwfwrf;rsm;pkaqmif;vkyfaqmifa&;ESifh tm;ay;aqmif&Gufr_

vkyfief;wkd@tjyif t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; twkduftcHtkyfpktrsKd;rsKd;ESifh

yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif=uonf?

jrefrmEkdifiH. wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkolykeftkyfpkrsm;taeESifh 1990 ckESpftpykdif; (okd@)

tv,fykdif;avmufwGif ‚wkd@. ‘vGwfajrmufe,fajrrsm;’ qkH;&_H;cJh&onfhtwGuf

ppfyËdyQa=umifh a&$@ajymif;xGufajy;vm&onfh jynfolvlxktaeESifh

ppfrsufESmjzef@usufxm;onfha'orsm;. aemufwef;a'orsm;wGifyif tajccs

aexkdifEdkifjcif; r&SdawmhonfhtwGuf jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfta&twGufrSm

trsm;tjym;wkd;yGm;vmcJhonf? xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif; 'kQonftaxmuftyHhay;a&;udPrsm; tm;

(10) pkESpfrsm;pGmvkyfaqmifae=uonfh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh

tvSL&Sifrsm;.tultnDa=umifh u&ifESifhrGefwkdif;&if;om;wkd@twGufjynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQ

onfaxmufyHha&;pDrHudef;rsm;tm; xlaxmifcJhonf? 2002 ckESpf/ {+yDvrwkdifrDtwGif;

a'ocHu&ifwkdif;&if;om;ESifh ‚wkd@xuf yrm%enf;onfhtiftm;pkrsm; jzpf=uonfh

u&ifeDESifh &Srf;wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrsm; tm;tultnDay;a&;twGuf ESpfpOfe,fpyfjzwfaus

mfaxmufyHha&;&HykHaiGrSm a':vmwpfoef; txdjrifhwufvmcJhonf?

vlom;csif;pmemonfhtcsdefwdktwGif;axmufyhHr_u &Gmom;rsm;tm;qefa0iS&eftjyif

vuf&SdyËdyQrsm; &Sif;vif;at;aq;oGm;onfhtcsdefwGif ‚[email protected]@abmif

tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;tm; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aqmif&GufEdkifrnfh tjcm;,E W&m;rsm;ukd

EkdifEkdifeif;eif;vkyfaqmif&ef jznfhqnf;ay;&ef&nf&G,fcJhonf? 2005 ckESpfwGif e,fpyfjzwf

ausmftultnDay;vkyfaqmifaeonfhtzGJ@tpnf;trsm;tjym;u 2006ckESpftwGuf

ta&;ygonfh e,fpyfjzwfausmfaxmufyhHa&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tar&dueftpkd;&

&HykHaiGxnfh0ifv_H@aqmfr_jzifh tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHwkd;wufa&; y%mrajcvSrf;rsm;tm;

pwiftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufcJhonf? xkdtzG@Jtpnf;rsm;pGmwkd@onfvnf;

a'ocHtokdif;t0kdif;rsm;ESifhtwl wcgw&H us,fjyef@onfh usef;rma&;ESifhynma&;pDrHcsuf

rsm;udkvnf;taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf?

jrefrmjynfwGif;vkyfaqmifr_rsm; EkdifiHwumtultnDESifh wkd;wufa&;pDrHudef;rsm;onf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif

yg;vsm;pGmqufvufI jzef@=uufaeonf? &efukeftajcpkdufEkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh

ukvor~tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf tjyif;txefyËdyQjzpfyGm;aeonfh a'orsm;rSty/ EkdifiHòrd@}uD;

rsm;ESifhxdpyfaeonfha'orsm;rStp wjznf;jznf; a0;vHonfha'orsm;qDokd@OD;wnfum ykHrS

efESpfpOfwkd;jrSifhcsOf;uyfr_jzifh EkdifiH. yËdyQa=umifhxdckdufcHpm;&onfha'orsm;twGuf

ulnDaxmufyHha&; aqmif&Gufv#uf&Sdonf? r=umrDvrsm;twGif;u ppftpkd;&onf

EkdifiHwGif;vlom;jcif;pmemonfh tultnDrsm;ay;tyfaeaom tzGJ@trsm;pk. v_

yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;tm; ykdrkduef@owfcsKyfcs,fr_rsm; ðyvkyfvmcJhonf?

jrefrmtpkd;&xdef;csKyfxm;onfhe,fajrrsm;jzpfonfh jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonf

rsm;&Sdaom a'owGif;wGif txl;OD;wnfvkyfaqmifaeonfh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@

tpnf;tenf;i,fr#om&Sdonf? wpfpdwfwykdif;tm;jzifhqkd&v#if Ttcsufonf

etztaeESifhtxdrcHEkdifonfh ta=umif;udPjzpfI/ tjcm;tpdwftykdif;taeESifh

obm0w&m;wefbkd;xm;r_ rjynfhpkHjcif;tjyif jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; armif;ESifxkwfcH&jcif;yËdyQ

twkdif;twmwkd@. a&mifjyef[yfjcif;vnf; jzpfonf?

1990 ESpfrsm;tukefykdif;rSpI a0;vHonfha'orsm;ESifh tœ&m,fvG,fulpGmusa&muf

Edkifaoma'owkd@tm; qufpyfr_&&Sdapa&;twGuf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd EkdifiHwumtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;taeESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh a'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ e,fpyfjzwfausmf

taxmuftyHhay;a&;tzGJ@rsm; yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifa&;. tusKd;tjrwfrsm;tm;

pwifem;vnfoabmaygufcJh=uonf? wpdwfwykdif;taeESifh tpkd;&ESifh

vufeufukdiftkyfpktrsm;pk=um; typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabmwlnDr_tusKd;qufa=umifh

TtawmtwGif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd jynfolvlxkESifh wkdif;&if;om;trsKd;om;tokdif;t

0kdif;rsm;=um;wGif jynfol@a&;&mtzGJ@tpnf;tajrmuftrsm; ay:aygufvm=uonf? T

jynfol@a&;&muGef,ufrsm;wGif bmoma&;tzGJ@rsm;/ aus;&Gm,Ofaus;r_toif;rsm;ESifh

xkdxufykdIpepfwuszGJ@pnf;xm;onfh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;yg yg0ifayonf?

EkdifiHwumtultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;vufvSrf;rrDaom yËdyQjzpfyGm;aoma'owGif

‚a'ocHv_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufae=uolrsm;u ,if;yËdyQjzpfyGm;aom e,fajra'oodk@

r=umc% a&muf&SdulnDaqmif&Gufay;v#uf&Sdonf? ‚wkd@. ulnDaxmufyHha&;ESifh

wkd;wufa&;pDrHudef;rsm;onf

udk,hftm;udk,fudk;axmufyhHonfh ajcvSrf;rSpwifcJhonf? ‚udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;axmufyhHr_

rsm;onfrdom;pktwGif;qufoG,fr_ / wdkif;&if;om;rsdK;EG,[email protected],fr_ xdk@tjyif

ydkIpepfusonfh tpDtpOfukd e,fajrcHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; ESifh a'ocH tpdk;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;rS vkyfaqmif=uonf?

‚tultnDtaxmuftyHhonf pm;a&&dQm/ aq;0g;taxmuftyHhrsm;

(a'otwGif; v_yf&Sm;aeonfhtoif;rsm;tygt0if) ESifh vlhtokdif;t0kdif;jyefvnf

ðypkysdK;axmifa&;wkd;wufr_ vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wkd@yg0if=uonf? txl;ojzifh

jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;twGuf bk&m;ausmif; tajcðyuGef,uf okH;ckonf

wdk;wufaumif;rGef aompGrf;&nfrsm;twGufvkyfaqmifjcif; / vdktyfcsufrsm;udk ppfaq;jcif;

/ 4if;[email protected];tyfvkyfaqmifaomtultnDtm; jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh uGyfuJjcif;

rsm;tm;vkyfaqmifcJhonf?

tm%m&Sdyk~Kdvfrsm;ESifh qufpyfaqmif&GufEdkifonfh a'ocHtokdif;t0kdif;acgif;aqmifrsm;

(Oyrm - jrefrmppfwyfESifh typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfhtkyfpkacgif;aqmifrsm;) uvnf;

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;tultnDay;vkyfaqmifae=uonfhtzGJ@rsm;ESifh e,fpyfjzwfausmfI

v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufae=uonfh tzGJ@rsm;t=um; em;vnfr_aumif;aumif;ESifh

qufpyfvkyfaqmif&ef vkdtyfaeayao;onf?

jynfwGif;ppfajy; 'kuonfrsm;twGuf vlom;csif;pmemonfh

taxmuftyHh (vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;csufrsm;) tuf&Savapmuf(of)


jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;&Sd yËdyuQESifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;wkd@tay: jyifyrSt_

rJwapazmfjyavh&Sdonfh rSm;,Gif;r_rSm/ jynfolvlxkar#mfvifhrxm;onfh

tajctaeqkd;rsm;ESifh armif;ESiftxkwfcH&jcif;wkd@u /etzppfwyfESifh u&iftrsKd;

om;vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf KNLA uJhokd@aom twkduftcHvufeufukdiftkyf

pkwkd@=um; jzpfyGm;aeonfh vufeufukdifyËdyQ.tusKd;qufjzpfonf[lI

jynfwGif;ppfwpfckwnf;ukdom usOf;ajrmif;pGmazmfjyjcif;jzpfonf? vlxkESifh ykdrkd

eD;uyfonfh jynfolwkd@ajympum;tm;wkduf&kdufoGm;Iem;axmifonfhppfaq

;azmfxkwf r_u txufygtcsufrSm jzpfyGm;&onfh t"duta&;udPr[kwf[k

azmfjyaeonf? etzppfwyfonf vlxkqefhusifonfh ppfqifa&;rsm;ukdomtxl;ojzifh

aqmif&GufaejyD; tajctaetawmfrsm;rsm;wGif KNLA uif;vSnfhwyfrsm;ESifh

xdyfwkdufawG@qkHwkdufyGJjzpfyGm;r_tm; ppfwyftaeESifh tm;xkwf a&Smif&Sm;I v_yf&Sm;vkyf

aqmifaeonfukdawG@&onf?

u&ifjynfe,f&Sd etzv_yf&Sm;ppfa=umif;rsm;onf ‚wkd@. ae@

pOfppfqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;tjzpf ay:wm/ aiG/ pm;eyf&dQmESifh tjcm; t"Rvkyftm;ay;jcif;/

jcdrf;ajcmufaiGnSpfjcif;paom ykHpHrsKd;pkHjzifh a'ocHjynfolvlxkxHrS

enf;rsKd;pkHnSpf,lxm;onfh taxmuftyHhwkd@tay: rSDckd&yfwnfae=uonf? ppf

wyfvufatmufcHr[kwfonfha'orsm; (txl;ojzifh u&ifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;

awmifay:a'orsm;) wGif etzppfwyftaeESifh ,if;trdef@rsm;csrSwfvkyfaqmif&ef

cufcJayonf? xkd@a=umifh ‚wkd@taeESifh tvG,fwultjrwfxkwfEdkifrnfh ajymif;a&$@

ae&mcsxm;a&;pcef;rsm;wGifpkaygif;aexkdifa&;twGuf uGJjym;pGm&Sdaeonfh

aus;vufa'ovlxkwkd@tm; &SmazGI twif;tusyfzdtm;ay;ajymif;a&$@jcif;

vkyfaqmifae=uonf? Tenf;jzifh c&D;oGm;I tjcm;ae&mwGiftvkyfvkyfcGifh (okd@) ukef

ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcGifhydwfyifjcif;jzifh &Gmom;[email protected];0rf;ausmif;b0rsm;ukd

wwdwd vkdufpm;vkyfaqmifae=uonf? xkd@tjyif tcrJ@vkyftm;ay;rSuif;vGwfcGifh&_jyD;

vuf&Sdtvkyftukdifwkd@wGif qufvufvkyfukdifEdkifcGifh&&Sda&;twGuf ‚[email protected]

t&if;tjrpfwkd@tm; ppfwyfwm0ef&Sdolrsm;xH ay;tyfwifoGif; vkyfaqmifa&;rSmvkdtyf

csufwpfckjzpfonf? T pepfwusðyvkyfaeonfh zdESdyfapmfum;tjrwfxkwfr_rsm;u

qif;&JrGJawjcif;/ iwfrGwfacgif;yg;jcif;wkd@ukd ykdrkdrsm;jym;vmapjcif;tjyif ykdrkdqkd;&Gm;onfh

a'owGif;vlom;u'fqkdufr_wkd@tm; tvGeftrif; aygif;pyfjzpfay:vmaponf?

ppftkyfcsKyfa&;vufatmuf b0tajctaeukdowdrlrdonfh &Gmom;trsm;pkrSm

txufygtwkdif; vkdufemaqmif&Guf&rnfhtpm; ykef;atmif;aexkdifa&;vrf;a=umif;ukd

a&G;cJh=uonf? trdef@ESifh csKyfcs,fr__rsm;tm; a&Smifv$Jonfhvkyfaqmifr_onf &Gmom;wkd@

taeESifh ‚wkd@. xkdEkdifxufpD;eif;vkyfaqmifr_wkd@rS uif;vGwfcGifh&onfhtcGifhta&;ukd

jyefvnf&,lonfomru a'ocHwyfwkd@. ppfqifa&;wkd@ukdvnf;

tm;enf;oGm;aponf? xkd@a=umifh u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; ppfwyf}uD;pkd;a&;csJ@xGifr_tm;

taESmuft,Sufjzpfapawmhonf? etzu wkef@jyefonfhtaeESifh xkdykef;atmif;ae

xkdifonfh&Gmom;rsm;tm; EkdifiHawmf&efoltjzpfowfrSwfum ppfqifa&;rsm;twGif;

‚wkd@tm;awG@&mocFsdKif;"m;rqkdif;ypfcwfokwfoifjcif;/ aetdrfrsm;/ awmif,mrsm;ESifh

&dQm*kda'gifrsm;tm; rD;&_dhzsufqD;jcif;wkd@tm; ypfrSwfxm;I vkyfaqmif=uonf?

EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;olrsm;uJhokd@jzpfaeonfh

jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;

a,bl,stm;jzifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh &Gmom;trsm;pktaeESifh

u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; etztkyfcsKyfa&;Oya'atmufwGifom aexkdif=ujcif;jzpfonf?

trSefrSm xGufajy;ykef;atmif;aexkdifonfholrsm; rsm;jym;vmjcif;onf

zdESdyftkyfcsKyfonfh ppfwyfxdrf;csKyfr_atmufwGifraevkdonfh &Gmom;wkd@.

jyif;jyonfhqukd azmfn$ef;aejyD; ‚wkd@tay: etzppfwyf. xdrf;csKyfvkyfaqmifr_

ukdvnf; atmifjrifpGm ckcHEdkifjcif;yifjzpfayonf? xkd@a=umifh awmxJokd@xGufajy;jcif;rSm

a=umuf&GH@I okd@r[kwf u,fq,folrJhI vkyfaqmifonfhvkyfaqmifr_r[kwfyg

? trSefrSm etz.Oya'ukd &J0HhpGmqef@usifa&;enf;vrf;wpfck yifjzpfayawmhonf?

tjcm;xGufrajy;Edkifolrsm;u ukd,fhukd,fukdoufomap&ef ae@pOf odrfarG@aomqef@

usifjcif;ESifh rvkdufemjcif;wkd@tm;vkyfaqmif=ujcif; okd@r[kwf ‚wkd@tay:wGif&Sdaeonfh

trdef@rsm;/ csKyfcs,fr_rsm;tm; &mE_ef;jynfha&Smif&Sm;jcif; paomtjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh

ckcHqef@usif=uonf?

ppftkyfcsKyfr_atmufwGif ykef;a&Smifae=uonfh okd@r[kwf aexkdifae=uonfh

ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh u&ifjynfe,fESifh tjcm;jrefrmEkdifiHaus;vufa'o

rsm;&Sd&Gmom;rsm;taeESifh ppfwyf.apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;tay: ckcHwGef;vSefr_

rsm;tm; ‚wkd@ukd,fwkdif qef;opf&J0HhpGm vkyfaqmifjyoae=uonf? ‚wkd@taeESifh

tultnD ykdrkdwkd;jrSifhay;&eftwGuf ta&;ay:vkdtyfcsuf&Sdaeaomfvnf;

‚wkd@ukd,fwkdifomv#if =um;0iftultnDay;ajz&Sif;olwkd@tm;

rnfonfhae&mokd@ay;tyfoifha=umif; tqkH;tjzwfay;oifhayonf?

jynfwGif;ppfajy; 'kQonfrsm;.qefŒusif

ckcHa&;enf;AsL[mrsm;zkd;&Srf;auzef;ESifh pwDzif[l;vf

yËdyQjzpfyGm;aome,fajra'orS vlh@tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;.tajctaewkd;wufa&;twGuf

ta&;ygonfh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm;ukd wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif=uonf?

‚wkd@.=um;0ifaqmif&Gufr_rsm;rSm tm%mykdifwkd@tm; jynfolwkd@ukdtwif;t=uyf

ae&yfrSajymif;a&$@r_rjyKvkyfapa&; / &Gmom;rsm;tm; t"Rvkyftm;ay;qifhac:r_rðya&;

odkhr[kwf EkdifiHwumESifh rsm;aomtm;jzifh a'ocH tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJtpnf;rsm;/

a'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wkd@. vlom;jcif;pmemr_jzifhay;tyfvmonfh

taxmuftyHhtultnDrsm;tm; cGifhðyay;a&;wkd@yg0ifonf?

vlxktokdif;t0kdif;twGif; vlxktwGuf v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufae=uolrsm;onfvnf;

vl@tcGifhta&;owif;rsm;tm; &efukef okd@r[kwf xkdif;EkdifiHokd@ay;ykd@=urnfjzpfonf?

xkdokd@ todtrSwfrjyKxm;onfh ‘tumtuG,fESifh tm;ay;r_uGef,ufrsm;’ vl@

tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_jzpfyGm;jcif;rsm; avsmhenf;ap&ef tultnDay;aponf? Oyrm -

ppftkyfcsKyfolrsm;taeESifh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sdw&m;a&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;xH xkdtcsuftvufa&muf

oGm;rnfukdpkd;&drfI &Gmom;rsm;tm; t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;&ef wGef@qkwfr_jzpfapayrnf?

ed*kH;csKyfjrefrmEkdifiH.jyifywGif v_yf&Sm;vkyfukdifae=uonfh txl;ojzifh

jynfya&muftwkduftcHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh ‚wkd@. axmufyHha&;ESifh pnf;&kH;r_

uGef,ufrsm;onf (tpkd;&.csKyfcs,fr_rsm;&Sdonfhwkdif) vlxktokdif;t0kdif;twGif; v_yf

&Sm;aqmif&Gufrsm; / ta&;}uD;onfhtultnDESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief; rsm;

tay: ykdrkdem;vnfvmap&ef tm;ay;vkyfaqmifoGm;oifhonf? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd tzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;taeESifh xkdif;EkdifiHESifh jynfyEkdifiHrsm;&Sd tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;uJhodk@ vlxkod&Sd&ef

vkyfaqmifydkifcGifhr&Sday? okd@aomf yËdyQa=umifhjzpfyGm;onfhae&mrsm;wGif a'ocHESifh

EkdifiHwum vkyfief;tzGJ@0ifrsm;wnf&Sdaejcif;u vlom;jcif;pmema&;uGufvyftm;

zefwD;EdkifI trsKd;om;/ jynfe,fESifh a'ocHtm%mykdifrsm;jzifhaygif;I uef@vef@

umaemufuG,frS apmifha&Smuftm;ay;r_vkyfief;rsm;tm; vkyfaqmifay;EdkifonfrSm

trSefyifjzpfonf?

tuf&Savapmuf (of) ([email protected]) onf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;ESifh

ta&S@awmiftm&S&Sd vlom;jcif;pmemr_ESifh EkdifiHa&;ta=umif;t&mrsm;tay:

vGwfvyfonfh a&;om;r_ESifh t=uHay;csufrsm; vkyfaqmifaeoljzpfonf?

1 EkdifiHwumtaxmuftyHhay;a&;XmeESifhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpyftokH;pm;&dwf (cef@rSef;'kQonfvlOD;&nf 150000 twGuf)

tar&duefa':vm oef; 50&SdonfhtcsdefwGif jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; EkdifiHwumrS&&SdonfhtultnDrSm cef@rSef;acspkpkaygif; tar&duef a':vm oef;

250 &Sdonf (wOD;v#if 5 a':vmatmuf)? e,fpyfjzwfausmfulnDaxmufyHha&;rsm;twGuf tokH;pm;&dwfrSm a':vm 7oef;&Sdonf?


xGufajy;ykef;a&Smifaexkdifonfhvrf;ukda&G;cs,fonfh&Gmom;rsm;taeESifhvnf;

etz. &efukdpkd;&drfonfhtwGuf xyfrHI wkef@jyefEdkifa&;enf;vrf;opfrsm;ukd

wnfxGif=uHq&onf? Oyrm - xGufajy;&efar#mfvifhxm;onfh

vuf&Sd&Gmom;rsm;taeESifh v#Kd@0Sufpyg;usDrsm;tm; awmwGif;vkHðcHonfhae&mrsm;

wGifaqmufvkyfI etzwyfrsm;csufjcif;a&mufvmygu tvG,fwulxGufajy;Edkif&ef

ykef;wJrsm;ukdygwnfaqmufxm;&Sd =uonf? rdrdwkd@tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;twGif;

wkd;wufonfhvufqifhurf; owday;pepfrsm;ukdxm;&Sdum &Gmom;rsm;taeESifh

ppfom;rsm;a&muf&SdvmonfESifh yPnf;rsm;tm;xkyfykd;I awmwGif;okd@xGufajy;wdrf;

a&SmifEdkif&efpDpOfxm;onf? ykdrkdvkHðcHonfhykef;atmif;aexkdifEdkifonfhae&mrsm;wGif ae&yf

rSarmif;xkwfcH&onfhrdom;pkwkd@taeESifh uav;rsm;ynma&;twGuf jrefqefpGmausmif;

rsm;jyefvnfaqmufvkyfa&; vkyfukdifEdkif=uayonf? xkd@tjyif ajy;v$m;ae&onfht

usOf;tusyftajctae=um;xJwGif tcsKd@vkdtyfcsufwkd@tm; twkdif;twmtpkHw&m

jznfhpnf;ay;Edkif=uonf? xGufajy;csdefwGif t&H&dQmtaeESifhtvkHtavmuf

ro,faqmifEdkifonfh tjcm;&Gmom;rsm;tm; &Gmom;rsm;tjcif;jcif;

qefa0iSay;=uonf? ykef;wJrsm;&Sdonfht&yfwGif a&&Snfykef;a&Smifae&rnfhtaet

xm;&Sdygu awmif,mpyg;cif;rsm; okd@r[kwf zmvm/ uGrf;oD;ESifh tjcm;oD;ESHwkd@

tm; xGufajy;aexkdif&onfhvlxktwGuf tenf;i,ftm;jzpf wm&Snftxm;cHrnfh

vufawG@ukefoG,fyPnf;rsm;taeESifh &Hzef&Hcgqkdovkd vkyfaqmif=uonf?

obm0ywf0ef;usifrS rd&kd;zvmtodynmrsm;tm; tokH;ðyI &Gmom;rsm;onf

a'oqkdif&m aq;0g;rsm;r&EdkifonfhtajctaewGif obm0xGufypPnf;rsm;ESifhaygif;

pyfI omrefzsm;emaexkdifraumif;jcif;a&m*gwkd@tm; ukpm;Edkif=uonf? etzu

oGm;vmr_ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_tm; uef@owfcsKyfcs,fxm;onfh=um;rS ,m,DESifh

wdwfwdwfykef; ‘awmaps;rsm;’onf ykef;atmif;aexkdif=u&onfh &Gmom;rsm;ESifh

ppfwyftkyfcsKyfa&;e,fajrrsm;&Sd&Gmom;rsm;wdkhtm; a&mif;0,fazmufum;r_

jyKEdkif&ef tajctaeay;tyfxm;onf? armif;xkwfcH&Gmom;rsm;onf a'owGif;

tultnDay;tkyfpkrsm;rSwqifh e,fpyfjzwfausmf aq;0g;rsm;/ ynma&;ESifh

t[m&taxmuftyHhwkd@&&Sd&ef óud;pm;=uonf? jynfolvlxktaeESifh ‚wkd@pGef@

cGmcJhonfh&Gmrsm;&Sd ppfwyfrsm;udkapmihf=unfhI xkdppfa=umif;rsm;xGufcGmoGm;onf

ESifh owif;ykd@um ‚wkd@&Gm&Sdtdrfajrrsm;wGif jyefvnf odrf;ykdufaexkdif&ef okd@r[kwf

tenf;qkH; xGufajy;pOfusefcJhonfh ypPnf;rsm;tm;jyefvnfo,f,l&efvkyfaqmif=uo

nf?

qufpyfpOf;pm;=unhfygu etz. jynfolvlxktay:xdrf;csKyfacgif;ykHjzwfa&; tm;xkwf

r_ESifhpyfvsOf;I &Gmom;wkd@taejzifh xkdxdrf;csKyfr_udkqef@usifa&;/ b0&yfwnfa&;/

usef;rma&; / ynma&;ESifh tjcm;vlr_a&; tultnDay;pDrHudef;rsm;tm; ppftkyfc

sKyfa&;jyifywGifóud;yrf;r_wkd@rSm jrifhrm;onfhEkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_wpfckjzpfvmonfukd

awG@&ayrnf? xkdokd@aom ae&yfrSarmif;ESiftxkwfcHtokdif;t0kdif;wkd@tm;

us,fjyef@pGmtultnDay;tyfjcif;onfvnf; EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_wpfckjzpfvmonf?

tultnDay;pDrHudef;rsm;onf jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;tm; ykef;atmif;

&Sifoef&ef taxmuftulay;aeonfhtwGuf ppftkyfcsKyfolwkd@. jynfolwkd@

tay:xdrf;csKyfa&;vkyfaqmifr_tm; wkduf&kdufpdefac:r+_zpfaeonfhtjyif

etzuvnf; xkdtultnDukd rvkdrkef;xm;onfhtjrif&Sdaeayonf?armif;xkwf

cH&onfhjynfolwkd@. (ppfwyf.aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;tm;qef@usifa&;vkyfaqmifcGifh )

tcGifhta&;ukdtodtrSwfðyjcif;onf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh ‚[email protected]

vuQ%mrsm;yifjzpfonf? ,if;&Gmom;wkd@tm; etztkyfcsKyfa&;atmufwGif&Sdonfh

&Gmrsm;wGif jyefvnfae&mcsxm;&ef/ jyefvnftajccs&efESifh

jyefvnfaygif;pyfa&;ar#mfvifhI etz.vrf;a=umif;rsm;rSwqifh tultnDay;aeonfh

jyifyrS0ifa&mufvkyfaqmifaer_u etztm;tiftm;

ykdrkd}uD;rm;vmapI xkd&Gmom;wkd@tm; tiftm;ykdI

,kwfav#mhaprnfjzpfonf? E_dif;,SOf=unfhygu jynfol@

tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@tm;wdkuf&dkuf ppftkyfcsKyfa&;jyifyvrf;a

=umif;rsm;rS tultnDay;tyfjcif;onf ,if;&Gmom;wkd@

taejzifh ppfwyfESifhqufpyfaexkdifonfh&Gmom;wkd@xufykdI

tiftm;aumif;aprnfjzpfonf?

aus;&Gmukd,fpm;ðytzGJ@vGefcJhonfhESpftenf;i,ftwGif; jrefrmEkdifiH

aus;vufa'orsm;. vltcGifhta&;tajctaersm;tm;

EkdifiHwum*&kxm;r_rsm;ykdrkdrsm;jym;vmonfhtcg

&Gmom;wkd@tm; todynmenf;yg;I u,folrJh

‘om;aumifrsm;’ taeESifh ta&;ay;apmifha&Smufr_

ðy=uonfhtjyif &Gmom;wdkhtaejzifh ‚wkd@.

vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm;vnf; azmfxkwfwifjy=uonf?

u&ifvltcGifhta&;tzGJ@ Karen Human Rights Group (KHRG ) .uruxjzifh a'ocHvlxkESifhðyvkyfcJhonfh

axmifESifhcsDonfh vlawG@tar;tajz tifwmAsL;rsm;u jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd

aus;vuf&Gmom;wkd@wGif ,if;tajctaersm; wkd;wuf&efrnfonfhaqmif&Gufr_

rsm;vkdtyfonf/ xkd&nf&G,fcsufrsm;tm; rnfokd@vkyfaqmifoifhonfponfh

‚[email protected];aumif;onhftjriftm; &Sif;vif;pGmjyoxm;ayonf? xkd&Gmom;wkd@.

ajymjycsufrsm;tay: wkef@jyef aqmif&GufonfhtaeESifh KHRG u‚.

‘aus;&Gmukd,fpm;ðytzGJ@’ pDrHudef;tm; 2005 ckESpfwGif wifjycJhonf? TpDrHudef;wGif

tcsufESpfckyg0ifonf? yxrtcsuftaeESifh aus;&Gmvlxk&ifqkdif&onfh

aESmuf,Sufapmfum;r_rsm;ESifh xkdaESmuf,Sufr_wkd@tm; ‚wkd@rnfokd@qef@usif

óud;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJh=uonf qkdonfh ukd,fawG@Zwfvrf;rsm;tm; rSwfwrf;xm;a&;ESifh

'kwd,tcsufwGif &Gmom;wkd@tm; ‚wkd@. xkdqef@usifa&;enf;AsL[mrsm;tm;

cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmokH;oyfEdkifItm; aumif;vmapa&;twGuf ulnDyHhykd;ay;a&;wkd@jzpfonf?

rdrdwkd@. aus;&Gmukd,fpm;ðytzGJ@ aqG;aEG;0kdif;wGif KHRG . okawoeðyyk~Kdvfrsm;u

OD;aqmifykd@csolrsm;taeESifh ulnDaqmif&Gufr_+zifh &Gmom;wkd@u ‚wkd@. vl@

tcGifhta&;ESifh a'owGif;tjzpftysufrsm;tay:tjrifukdaqG;aEG;cJh=unfhtjyif ‚wkd@tm;

EkdifiHwum. tajccHvl@tcGifhta&;pHxm;csufrsm;ukd&Sif; vif;wifjyum Ttcsufrsm;

urnfokd@‚[email protected]@tajctaeESifh qufpyffaeonfukdaqG;aEG;cJhonf?

‚wkd@vufawG@vkyfaqmifaejyD;jzpfonfh wkef@jyefvkyfaqmifr_tygt0if

vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_qef@usifa&;wkd@tm; em;vnfoabmaygufI aqG;aEG;r_

rsm;ðyvkyfEdkif&ef tm;ay;cJhonf? tqkH;wGif a'owGif;vkyfaqmifaeonfhenf;AsL

[mwkd@tm; rnfonfhenf;jzifh wkd;jrSifhaqmif&Gufrnf/ csJhxGifvkyfaqmifrnf/ rnfokd@

taumiftxnfazmfrnfwkd@ukd aqG;aEG;cJhonf? &nf&G,fcsufrSm &Gmom;wkd@tm;

vltcGifhta&;ta=umif; ‘oifay;jcif;’ r[kwfbJ ‚wkd@tm; vl@tcGifhta&;udPta=umif;

ykdrkdowdxm;awG;awmrdap&ef/ ‚wkd@tcGifhta&; rnfokd@&&Sdatmif vufawG@

aqmif&Gufae=uonfqkdonfukd odem;vnfapa&;tultnDay;a&;ESifhh ‚wkd@

enf;AsL[mrsm; ykdrkdtm;aumif;ap&e ftaxmuftulðyaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ðyvkyf

ay;a&;wkd@jzpfonf? arsSmfvifhcsuftaeESifh Tvkyfief;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;rStpðyI

&Gmom;rsm;tjcif;jcif; ykHrSefaqG;aEG;jcif;/ rnfokd@csOf;uyfvkyfaqmifrnfukd wifjyjcif;ESifh

oifhav#mfonfhenf;opfrsm;tm; azmfxkwfvkyf

aqmifjcif;rsm;jzpfay:vm&ef jzpfonf?&Gmom;trsm;pku ‚[email protected]&;rsm;tm; v

ufawG@&,lonfhukd,fykdifenf;rsm;usifhokH;ygu vlxktaeESifh v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_tpDt

pOfrsm;wGifydkrdkyg0ifvmonfukdawG@&rnfjzpfjyD; xda&mufonfhqkH;jzwfcsufrsm; ukdvnf;

csrSwfvkyfaqmifEdkifrnfjzpfayonf? tjyeftvSeftaeESifh a'ocHESifh EkdifiHwum v_

yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufae=uolrsm;onf &Gmom;rsm;tm; enf;AsL[mcsrSwf

vkyfckdif;ay;onfxuf [email protected],fykdifenf;AsL[mwkd@tm;jzifhom vkyfaqmifvmapa&;

tm;ay;wkdufwGef;r_rsm; udkay;tyfrnfjzpfoonf?

zkd;&Srf;auzef; ([email protected]) onf u&ifvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@

(KHRG www.khrg.org) . uGif;qif;n$ef=um;a&;rSL;jzpfonfhtjyif ta&S@

jrefrmjynfrS ppfajy;'kQonfa[mif;wpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf? pwDzif[l;vf ([email protected]) onf KHRG .okawoeðyaeolwpfOD;jzpfygonf? KHRG .

0efxrf;tzGJ@0if *seDzm[kduf*sf .tultnDay;r_rsm;tm; txl;aus;Zl;wif&Sdyga=umif;?

u&ifvl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@. tpD&ifcHpmtopfrsm;ESifhywfoufI

www.khrg.org wGif =unfhEdkifygonf?

1 www.khrg.org

awmifil

c&kdiftwGif;

etzxHrS

xGufajy;

=uonfh

armif;xkwf

cH&onfh

&Gmom;rsm;

KHRG


T emwm&Snfta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf vlom;csif;pmemr_jzifh wkef@

jyefaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;tajcðyXmersm;ESifh tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;wGif

tajcðyI EkdifiHe,fpyftm; rodromtultnDay;aeonfh Xmersm;tm;vkH;wkd@

rSvmonf? 2006 ckESpfwGif tpkd;&. tultnDay;pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh

a0;vHacgifzsm;onfha'orsm;okd@ EkdifiHwum0efxrf;wkd@. c&D;oGm;vma&; uef@

owfr_rsm;tm; vkdufemaqmif&Guf&ef vrf;n$eftjzpf vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnD

ay;tyfaeonfh XmeESifh tzGJ@tpnf;wkd@tay: w&m;0ifcsrSwfxm;cJhonf?

xkdtpkd;&pnf;rsOf;rsm;u txl;ojzifh jynfajy;0efxrf;rsm;jzifh

uGif;qif;umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_enf;AsL[mcsxm; vkyfaqmifaeonfh vkyfief;rsm;tm;

wif;=uyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf?

jzpfcsifawmh usOf;ajrmif;onfh vlom;csif;pmemr_vkyfykdifcGifhonf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;

vkyfief;Xmersm;tm; EkdifiH0efxrf;rsm;wkd;wufa&; ESifh vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&; ykdrkdt"duxm;onfh enf;AsL[mrsm;jzifh

ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;&eftm;ay;onfh tcGifhta&;rsm;&Sdoifhonf? e,fpyfjzwfausmf

tultnDay;a&;pDrHcsufrsm; wGif q,fpkESpfausmftwGif; yxrtqifhtaeESifh

vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u pwiftaumiftxnfazmf vkyfukdifr_

rsm;aqmif&GufcJhouJhokd@ jynfwGif;tajcðyvkyfief;Xmersm;rS yËdyQ'%fcHpm;ae&onfh

a'orsm;twGif; vlom;csif;pmemr_jzifh wkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm;onfvnf; ,cktcg

a'ocHvkyf E_difpGrf;wkd@tay: ykdrkdtm;xm;vm&ayonf? EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;onf

,cktcg rSDckdae&onfukdawG@&onf? Oyrm - ppfrufòydifqkdifr_

jzpfyGm;aeonfha'orsm;wGif ajrpmyifjzpfae&onfh csdKKheJ@r_taetxm;tm;

wkdif;wma&;tm; vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u vlxktwGif;

oabmxm;aumufcHcJh=uonf?

jrefrmjynfta&S@ykdif; qufwkdufyËdyQjzpfyGm;aeonfh a'orsm;wGif rnfokd@

vlom;csif; pmemonfhvkyfykdifcGifh wkd;jrSifhvkyfaqmifa&;vkyfaqmif&rnf[lo

nfhtcsuftay: pdefac:r_wpf&yf&Sdonf? vkyfief;Xmersm;ESifh tpkd;&rsm;tm;

ppftkyfpkESifh aqG;aEG;a&;twGuf a'oE W&tcGifhtvrf;jrSifhwifa&;ESifh

apmifh=uyfppfaq;wif;usyfr_tm; wpfpkHw&mav#mhaygha&;tjyif pepfwusðyvkyfaeonfh

&ufpufr_ESifh aESmifh,Sufapmfum;r_wkd@rS jynfolvlxktm;umuG,fa&;twGuf

rl0g'ykdif;qkdif&maqG;aEG;r_wkd@vnf; vkdtyfaeayonf? ,if;okd@vkdufavsmr_

rsm;tm; vkHðcHr_jzpfapE_difonfhwkdif jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;&Sd tiftm;csdeJ@r_tjzpfqkH;

ajrpmyifvlxktokdif;t0kdif;tm; vufvSrf;rDaprnfht"duvrf;a=umif;rSm e,fpyfjzwf

ausmf0ifa&muf&rnfhtajctaewGifyif&SdaeOD;rnfjzpfonf?

e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfhtultnDjynfwGif;tajcðyXmersm;ESifh tzGJ@rsm;u tpkd;&xdrf;csKyfxm;onfh a&$@ajymif;

pcef;rsm;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfh a'orsm;&Sd ykdrdkwnf+idrfonfh

tcsKd@ jynfwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfhtokdif;t0kdif;rsm;tm; vufvSrf;rSD

apmifha&SmufE_difaomfvnf; xkdtultnDtwkdif;twmESifh tcGifhtvrf;wkdhtm;

xdef;csKyfuef@owfcHxm;&OD;rnfjzpfonf? e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfht

ultnDu xkda'orsm;wGifomru t"dutm;jzifh etz wkdufuif;rsm;tm;

ykef;atmif;ae&onfh ykdIrwnf+idrfonfh a'orsm;okd@yga&muf&Sdaponf? 2007

ckESpfwGif e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfh y%mrajcvSrf;taeESifh tar&duefa':vm 7

oef;cef@tm; toufarG;r_rsm;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_/ ynma&;/ vl@tcGifhta&;/

obm0ywf0ef;usifxdrf;odrf;a&;/ vGwfvyfonfhowif;rD'D,mvkyfief;ESifh tokdif;0kdif;

jyefvnfðypkòyd;axmifa&;wkd@twGuf ykd@aqmif taxmuftyHhay;tyfcJhonf?

e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfhtultnD. t}uD;rm;qkH;u¾rSm e,fpyfteD;&Sd

ppfajy;'kQonfpcef;rsm;twGuf tpma&pmaxmufyHhr_ESifh jrefrmjynftwGif;usus

aexkdif=uonfh vlxktokdif;t0kdif;rsm;xH aiGom;v$Jtyfjcif;wkd@ yg0ifonfh

toufarG;r_rsm;tm; axmufyHhjcif;jzpfonf? aiGv$Jay;jcif;. tusKd;tjrwfrsm;wGif

tultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;tm; ‚[email protected];tm; OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmifonfxuf

tusKd;cHpm;&olrsm;tm;wkduf&kdufcGifhðyr_jzpfapjcif;tjyif EkdifiHa&;yËdyQ

vkdif;rsm;tm;jzwfI pD;yGm;a&;ESifh vlr_a&;qufpyfr_wkd@tm;xdrf;odrf;xm;&Sdrnfh

a0;vHacgifzsm;onfha'orsm;rS aps;uGufrsm;tm; tm;ay;r_vkyfaqmifjcif;jzpfI a&G@

vsm;r_ðy&efvG,fuljcif;/ jrefqefjcif;ESifh vkHðcHpdwfcs&r_&Sdjcif; wkd@yg0ifonf?

tjcm;t"duusonfhu¾ESpfckrSm usef;rma&;ESifhynma&; pDrHcsufrsm;jzpfonf?

jrefrmjynfwGif;tajcðy vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;u oifhawmfonfh

etz0ef}uD;Xmersm;tm; enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&m axmufyHhulnDr_ay;ouJhokd@ tcsKd@e

,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@u wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkwkd@ykdifqkdifonfh

w&m;0if usef;rma&;ESifhynma&;Xmersm;. vkyfE_difpGrf;wkd;jrSifha&; wqifhcH

taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf=uonf? &kd;&m"avhxkH;pHt& arG;zGm;a&;tulyk~Kdvf

rsm;ay;tyfjcif;/ bkef;}uD;ausmif;rsm;ESifh rl}udKuav;zGH@òzd;a&; pDrHudef;rsm;tm;

axmufyHhjcif;wkd@uJhokd@ usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;twGuf orm;&kd;usr[kwfonfh

csOf;uyfapmifha&Smufr_rsm;jzifh jznfhpGufxm;&Sdonf?

ykdrkdenf;yg;onfh tultnDay;r_twkdif;twmu yËdyQtwGif; tzrf;cH&onfh

jynfolvlxktm; umuG,fa&;ESifh vlxktokdif;t0kdif;jrSifhwifa&;vkyfief;wkd@twGuf

pD;qif;onf? 2007 ckESpf a&$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;twGif; qifqmrJh owif;rsm;jzef@

jzL;cJh=uonfh vGwfvyfonfhowif;rD'D,mwkd@. ‘jynfol@owif;axmufrsm;’ ouJhokd@

wkdif;&if;om;tokdif;t0kdif;tajccH tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u jrefrmjynfwGif; tajccHvlxkESifh

EkdifiHa&;&ykdifcGifhrsm;tm;zdESdyfr_tm; e,fpyfjzwfausmfI urf;ukefatmif&ufpufonhf

vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;tm; rSwfwrf;ðyvkyfukdifjcif;jzifh qef@usif=uonf?

yËdyQqufvufjzpfyGm;aeaomfvnf; tcsKd@vlxktokdif;t0kdif;wGif vlr_a&;rwnfr_

zGH@òzd;a&;ESifhobm0/ &kyfykdif;ESifh vlr_a&;qkdif&m wefbkd;&Sdonfht&mrsm;tm;

jyefvnfðypkòyd;axmifa&;jzifh ta&;ay:u,fq,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;

jznfhpGufvkyfaqmif&efjzpfE_difajc&Sdonf?

ppftm%modrf;tkyfpk. csKd@wJhonfh EkdifiHa&;t& w&m;0ifr_ay;xm;onfhtwGuf

jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;&Sd ukvor~XmetcsKd@onfyif vrf;n$efpnf;rsOf;taeESifhxm;

&Sdonfh =um;ae0g' . qufpyfr_tm; pdefac:cJh=u&onf? tcsKd@e,fpyfjzwf

ausmfay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@tm; vkHðcHpdwfcs&apa&;twGuf vufeufukdiftapmifh

ta&SmuftokH;ðya&;onf TtajctwifudPtwGuf tjcm;&_axmifhyifjzpfonf?

vlom;a&;&m nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufa&;&kH; ukvor~&kH; UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) taejzifh

vlom;csif;pmr_tultnDo,faqmifonfh,Ofwef;taeESifh vufeufudkiftapmifhta

&Smufxm;&Sda&;tm; tajctaetay: c|if;csufxm;vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfa=umif;

vufcHtodtrSwfðyxm;onf? jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif; vufeufukdifyËdyQ. xdckdufr_

jzpfyGm;aeonfha'orsm;. tajctaeu xkdc|if;csuft&vkyfaqmif&rnfh taetxm;

rsm;tm; ykHazmfaeI xkdvufeufukdiftapmifhta&SmuftokH;ðya&;vkdtyfcsuftm;

&Sif;vif;apaeayonf? vGefcJhonfh ESpftenf;i,ftwGif; wlnDonfhtajctaersm;u

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; vufeufukdiftapmifhta&Smufjzifh

vlom;csif;pmemonfhtaxmuftyHhwkd@tm; tD&wf/ qkdrmvD,m/ csufcsifnmESifh

uifnmajrmufykdif;okd@ ay;ykd@a&;twGuf OD;aqmifcJhonf?

enf;AsL[mykdif;qkdif&mpdefac:r_rsm;jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;twGif; e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfrnfh tultnDay;pDrHcsufrsm;u

xkdtultnDwkd@taeESifh rawmfwqtaeESifh t=urf;zufr_/ aESmuf,Sufapmfum;r_wkd@

a=umifh =uef@=umr_ rjzpfapa&;twGuf enf;vrf;okH;oG,f&Sdonf? yxrtcsuftaeESifh

ykdrkd}uD;us,fonfh pDrHcsufrsm;onf tajccH vlom;csif;pmema&;pnf;urf;rsm; ESifh

av;pm;&rnhf wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_rsm;&Sif;vif;pGmyg0ifonfh w&m;0ifoabm

wlnDcsufrsm;tay:tajccHonf? xkdoabmwlnDcsufwkd@u oifhav#mfonfh

jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;.

emwm&Snfta&;ay:taetxm;tm;wkef@jyefjcif; xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@

vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;a&;tultnDay;vkyfief;Xmersm; ESifh

tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm; twlwGJI jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;

ppfrufòydifqkdifr_jzpfyGm;r_trsm;qkH;jzpfaom a0;vHacgifzsm;onfha'orsm;rS vl@

tokdif;t0kdif;rsm;tm; ulnDaxmufyHha&;vkyfaqmif=uonf?


wkdif;&if;om;twkduftcHygwDtm; a'ocHvlom;jcif;pmemonfhtultnDay;Xme.

vGwfvyfonfhykdifeuftm; tultnDay;ykd@a&;qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfpOfwGif w&m;0ifvkHðcHpGm

vufcH&&SdE_difapa&; todtrSwfðyxm;+yD;jzpfonf? Xmersm;taeESifhvnf; EkdifiHwum

vlom;jcif;pmema&;Oya'atmufwGif tpkd;&r[kwfonfh vufeufukdifwkd@

twGif; ‚wkd@rjzpfraevkyf&rnfh wm0eftjzpf *&kxm;tm&kHpkdufa&;ykdrkd jrSifhwif&ef

qwufxrf;ykd; tm;xkwfvkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfonf? 'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh

tultnDay;tyfr_u vufeufukdiftkyfpkwpfckck. aoG;xkd;r_jzifh &Gmom;wkd@

twGuf tysufoabmaqmifonfh *,uf&kdufr_jzpfrjzpf apmifh=uyfxdrf;odrf;&efESifh

aemufykdif; tœ&m,fOD;pm;ay;owfrSwf jcif;ESifh yËdyQoufa&mufr_owfrSwfjcif;?

wwd,tcsufrSm pDrHcsuft& tusKd;cHpm;&&Sdolrsm;ESifh tusKd;cHpm;cGifhr,lolrsm;t

m;vkH;tay: e,fpyfjzwfausmf ay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@. tusKd;oufa&mufr_.

ykdrkd&Sif;vif;onfhykH&dyftm; &&Sdap&eftwGuf uGif;qif;ppfwrf;aumuf,lcsuf

csrSwfaqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf? xkdppfwrf;rsm;u xda&mufI tðyoabmaqmifonfh

yËdyQavsmhyg;apjcif;ESifh a'owGif; vkyfaqmifE_difpGrf;tjyif +idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf

tcsdwftqufrsm;tm; wkd;jrSifhay;onfh tusKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;tm; cGJjcm;ay;cJhonf?

tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;twGif; pdefac:r_rsm;u owif;tay;t,lESifh jynfwGif;ESifh

e,fpyfjzwfausmfaxmufyHha&; tultnDay;aeonfh yËdyQjzpfonfhESpfbufpvkH;

vlom;csif;pmema&;Xmersm;. wkd;wufjcif;jzpfonf? vuf&Sdumv wnf&Sdaeonfh

aqmif&Gufa&;Xmersm; tenf;qkH;wxyfwnf;jzpfaecsdefwGif vufvSrf;rDapa&;ESifh

xda&mufonfh nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufr_wkd@twGuf axmufyhHaiGtm; wif;usyfr_rsm;t&

ykdrkdIeD;pyfvmonf? ,kH=unfr_twkdif;twmESifh EkdifiHe,fpyfjzwfausmfvkyfukdif aeonfh

vlom;csif;pmema&;tultnDay;Xmersm;taeESifh vGefcJhonfh ESpftenf;i,ftwGif;

xif&Sm;pGmwkd;yGm;vmcJhonf? okd@aomfvnf; óud;yrf;r_rsm;taeESifh axmufyhHykd@

aqmifa&;tcuftcJrsm; (jynf0ifcGifhADZmrsm;ESifh qifqmjzwfawmufr_tygt0if)/

EkdifiHa&;tœ&m,frsm; (‘tpkd;&owif;ay;olrsm;’ okd@r[kwf ‘olykefaxmufcHtm;ay;

olrsm;’ESifh qufqHjcif;jzifh)ESifh bwf*suftokH;aiGqkdif&mpkd;&drfr_rsm; (&HykHaiGrsm;twGuf

‘t+ydKif’ taetxm;jzifh wnf&Sdaer_)wkd@uJhokd@ qufvufvkyfaqmifaeonfh

zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fr_wkd@tm;ajz&Sif;&ef ykdrkdtm;&Sd&efvkdtyfonf?

tvSL&Sifrsm;twGuf enf;AsL[mpdrfac:r_wpfcku EkdifiHw0Srf;qif;&JiwfrGwfr_

avsmhyg;apa&; pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh jrefrmjynfta&S@ykdif;&Sd ta&;ay:

emwm&SnftDav;qGJaeonfh yËdyQwkd@twGuf &HykHaiGvkdtyfcsuf rnfokd@

aphpyfaqmif&Gufr_vkdtyfonf[lonfh wnf&SdqJjy\emyifjzpfonf? vlOD;a&.

trsm;pktm; c|wfðcHusaponfh q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm nHhjzif;onfhtkyfcsKyfa&;tae ESifh

vlom;csif;pmemonfhta&;ygr_tm; trSefwu,fcsdeJ@aeonfhtkyfpkrsm;twGuf

OD;pm;ay;I xdrf;nSdvkyfaqmif&ef vkdtyfae+yDjzpfonf? EkdifiHa&;ajz&Sif;r_tm;

tcsdefqGJxm;jcif;u e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfaeonfh tultnDay;Xmersm;tm;

ta&;ay:wkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm;vkyfaqmif&ef uef@owfxm;onfh

a&&Snfr=unfhonfhvkyfaqmifr_yifjzpfonf? xkdtpm; u,fq,fa&;rS ckdifrmonfh

toufarG;r_zG@Hòzd;a&;tultnDtxd rnfonfhtem*wf tull;tajymif;

tvm;tvmu yËdyQ. ESpfbufpvkH;&Sd wkef@jyefvmrnfh vkyfE_difpGrf;. oWmefyifjzpfonf?

wcsdefwnf;rSmyif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;

tultnDjzifh EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh csdeJ@r_tjzpfqkH;tkyfpkrsm;tm;

jrefrmEkdifiHta&S@ykdif;wGif qufpyfulnDa&;vkyfaqmifae+yD; tvSL&Sifrsm;ESifh

ukvor~Xmersm;u e,fpyfjzwfausmfay;tyfonfhtultnD twGuf xkda'owGif;

vkyfEd_difpGrf;wkd@tm; todtrSwfðyr_/ axmufyHhr_ r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonf? xkdenf;wl

yËdyQcHpm;ae&onfha'orsm;wGif vlom;csif;pmema&;vkyfykdifcGifhtm;csJ@xGifa&;

t&SdefjrSifhI oHwrefa&;zdtm;ay;vkyfaqmif&efrSm tvGefta&;ygaeayonf?

Taqmif;yg;ukd xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@ (www.tbbc.org) . ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfr_ okawoetzGJ@ ([email protected]) taeESifha&;om;ðypkcJhjcif;jzpfonf? xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@

wGif jrefrmEkdifiHrS 'kQonfrsm;ESifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;twGuf pm;a&&dQm/

ckdv_Hp&mae&mESifh pm;p&mr[kwfonfhtjcm;ypPnf;rsm;tm; ay;tyfulnDaeonfh

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhEkdifiHwum tzGJ@tpnf; 11 ckwkd@yg0ifonf? ‚pkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@u

ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfjcif;§xGufcGmvm&jcif;ESifh 'kQonf,kdpdrfhxGufvm&jcif;.

tajccHta=umif;&if;rsm;tm; okawoeðyvkyfa&;wGifvnf;yg0ifvkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?

1 ukvor~ EkdifiH (aus;vuf) tzGJ@cGJ/ 2005 ckESpf {+yDv 22 &ufae@ ‘jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ukvor~Xmersm;tay: enf;AsL[mykdif;qkdif&muef@

owfr_/ &efukef' www.unicef.org/about/execboard/files/Myanmar_UNDAF.pdf2 UN OCHA/ 2001 ckESpf pufwifbmv 14 &ufae@ ‘vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnDay;,Ofwef;twGuf ppfwyf okd@r[kwf

vufeufukdiftapmifhta&SmuftokH;ðyjcif; - aqG;aEG;csufESifh taESmiftzGJ@uif;onfh vrf;n$efcsufrsm;?'

www.who.int/hac/network/interagency/GuidelinesonArmedEscorts_Sept2001.pdf

ykef;atmif;

aeonfh

ppfajy;

'kuQonf

rsm;

jrefrmjynf

ta&S@ykdif;

a'o/

2007 ckESpf

Com

mitt

ee fo

r Int

erna

lly D

ispl

aced

Ka

ren

Peop

le (C

IDKP

)


jrefrmEkdfifiHwGif wkd;wufonhfrsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&; apmifha&Smufr_

vkyfief;rsm; ta&;ay:vkdtyfaeayonf? vlwpfaomif;wGif rdcif 360 [lonfh

arG;zGm;&mwGif cef@rSef;acs rdciftaotaysmufpm&if;u tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;xuf

enf;aeaomfvnf; Tt&nftwGufrSm EkdifiHwGif;&Sd rdcifaoqkH;r_tay:ukd,fpm;ðyonfh

pm&if;rSefr[kwfa=umif; ae&mtESH@tjym;wGif,kH=unfae=uonf?

yËdoawm;tumtuG,ftokH;ðyr_onfvnf; tenf;i,fom&Sd+yD;

rsm;pGmaoma'orsm;twGif; yËdyQjzpfyGm;aeonfha'owGif; aexkdif=uonfh

trsKd;orD;rsm;u acwfrDyËdoawm;qD;umuG,fr_tm; jynfwGif;ajrjyef@a'orsm;wGif

aexkdifonfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;avmuf tokH;ðyjcif;r&Sdonfh taetxm;jzpfykHay:onf?

vltrsm;taeESifh ‚wkd@ae&yfrsm;rSarmif;xkwfcH&jcif; okd@r[kwf b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH'kQonf

pcef;rsm;rSjyefvmjcif;jzpfyGm;aeonfh &ckdifjynfe,fwGif tdrfaxmif&SdtrsKd;orD;rsm;twG

if; yËdoawm;qD;r_vkyfaqmifjcif;rSm txl;ojzifh enf;yg;vSonf?

jrefrmtpkd;&u ‚[email protected]; 2015aemufqkH;xm;I rDvDeD,rfzG@Hòzd;

wkd;wufa&;yef;wkdif Millennium Deveolopment Goals (MDGs) twkdif;vkyfaqmifaeonfjzpfI rdcifaoqkH;r_ 75 &mckdifE_ef;av#mhcsa&;

(MDG5) onf 2008 ckESpf. OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;jzpfonf? okd@aomf jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd

rsKd;qufjyefyGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;u yk~Kdvfa&;axmufyHhr_

tay:wnfrSDaeonfhtwGuf aiGay;E_difolrsm;twGufom &&SdE_difonfhapmifha&Smufa&;y

ifjzpfonf? aus;vufa'orsm;wGif uef@owfxm;onfh vkyfief;tcsKd@&SdI txl;ojzifh

e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif nHhjzif;onfhapmifha&Smufr_avmufom &&SdE_difonf?

tpkd;&u MDG5 tm;tav;xm;vkyfaqmifrnf[krlt&qkdaomfvnf;

t"duyËdoawm;aq;tokH;ðyr_tm; t[ef@twm;jzpfaponfu tpkd;&. arG;zGm;E_

ef;wkd;jrSifha&; pwef@xGiftm;ay;r_jzpfonf? r=umrDu EkdifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh

zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;aumifpDOuUX. rdef@cGef;wGif ‚. qjzpfonfh vlOD;a&wkd;yGm;a&;tm;

‘vlOD;&nfoef;wpf&mpDrHudef;’ (vuf&Sdcef@rSef;vlOD;&nf.ESpfqeD;yg;)tm; OD;wnfI

pwef@xGif &nfn$ef;ajymqkdoGm;cJhonf? xkd@a=umifh yËdoawm;qD;umuG,fr_u

tpkd;&usef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif us,fjyef@pGmr&&SdE_difjcif;jzpfI yk~vduaqmif&Gufr_

onfom yËdoawm;qD;umuG,fr_twGuf t"duaxmufyHhr_ay;jcif;jzpfa=umif;

owif;&&Sdonf? txl;ojzifh TumuG,fr_onf yk~vduu|rf;usifolrsm;ESifh

yk~vduaq;cef;rsm; &SdE_difonfhtaetxm;enf;yg;I EkdifiHwumtzGJ@

tpnf;tenf;tyg;avmufom apmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief; azmfaqmif E_difonfh

yËdyQa=umifh xdckdufcHpm;ae&onfh jynfe,frsm;ESifh e,fpyfa'orsm;&Sd trsKd;orD;rsm;eSifh

txl;oifhawmfayonf? xm0pOfrdom;pkpDrHudef;enf;rsm;vkyfaqmif &ef

wif;usyfonfht[ef@twm;rsm;vnf;&Sdfonf?

rdom;pkpDrHudef;tultnDay;Xmersm;r&Sdonfhtcg trsKd;orD;rsm;taeESifh i,f&G,f

vGef;onfhtcsdefwGifuav;,ljcif;/ uav;wOD;ESifhwpfOD;tcsdefeD;uyfpGm ,ljcif;/

uav;rsm;pGm,ljcif;ESifh uav;,ljcif;aemufusr_wkd@tm; vkyfaqmifavh&Sdonf?

Tonfwkd@rSm rdcifESifhuav; aoqkH;&jcif;tœ&m,fjzpfyGm;r_tm;ay;&m

t"duta=umif;&if;av;ckjzpfonf? jynfhpkHr_r&Sdonfh rdom;pkpDrHudef;onfvnf;

r&nf&G,fbJ ukd,f0ef&&Sdjcif;rsm;jzpfyGm;jcif;okd@OD;wnfI vkHðcHpdwfcs&r_r&Sdonfh ukd,f

0efzsufcsjcif;tusKd;w&m;tm; jzpfay:ayrnf? EkdifiHwumESifh EkdifiHawmfXmersm;pGm.

tm;xkwfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;=um;rS tdyfcsftkdifAGD HIV ae&mtESH@jzpfyGm;r_onf

a'owGif;wGif tjrifhrm;qkH;jzpfonf?

e,fpyf&SdvkHðcHpdwfcs&onfhrsKd;quf

jyef@yGm;a&; qkdif&musef;rma&;Xmersm;

rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&;vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm; xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGif

vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeonfh Xmersm;wkd@u wifjy=uonf? okd@aomf r=umc%taeESifh

pcef;rsm;wGif;aexkdifonfh 'kQonfrsm;xHokd@oma&muf&Sd&ef uef@owfxm;jcif;cH&onf?

1990 aESmif;ykdif;rsm;rSpI odomwkd;wufr_rsm;jzpfay:cJhonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh

ta&;ay:om;zGm;r_apmifha&Smufa&;tm; ,cktcg wpfae@v#ifESpfq,fhav;em&DESifh

wygwfv#if ckESpf&ufpvkH; tqifoifhtaetxm;jzifh pcef;tm;vkH;eDyg;wGif

&&Sdae+yDjzpfonf? okd@aomfvnf; yËdoawm;qD;a&;enf;rsm;tm; tokH;ðyr_onf

tenf;tusOf;om &Sdaeayao;onf? a&m*gul;pufjzpfyGm;r_ESifh aoqkH;r_

twkdif;twmjrifhrm;I vkHðcHr_r&Sdonfh ukd,f0efzsufcsjcif;rsm; tvGefrsm;jym;onfh

twkdif;twmwGif&Sda=umif; =um;od&onf?

vdifqufqHa&;ESifh rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;ynmay;vkyfief;rsm; txl;vkdtyfaeayonf?

'kQonftrsm;pkwGif tajccHyËdoawm;qD;r_enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh rnfokd@

vdift&ul;pufa&m*grsm;ESifh tdyfcsftkdifAGD HIV a&m*gwkd@rS ukd,fwkdifrnfokd@

umuG,frnf qkdonfhtay: A[kokw tenf;i,fom&Sdonf? txl;ojzifh

trsKd;orD;i,fwkd@onf tm;EGJ@=uI xkdif;EkdifiHtaemufykdif;&Sd jynfhwefqmcef;wpfckckwGif

twif;tusyf tvkyfckdif;apr_cH&rnfh tœ&m,f&Sdaeonf?

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ae&if;a'orSarmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;ESifh xkdif;EkdifiHESifh

b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHa&muf 'kQonfrsm;wkd@twGuf rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&;t

aeESifh vkHavmufonfhapmifha&Smufr_taetxm;ESifh a0;uGmaeayao;onf?

taxmuftyHhESifh u&d,mypPnf;rsm;ulnDay;tyfr_tygt0if �vlom;t&if;tjrpf vkyfE_difpGrf;zG@Hòzd;a&; tultnDay;tyfr_

oifhav#mfonfh rl0g'ESifh n$ef=um;r_rsm;tm; �azmfaqmifjrSifhwifa&; odk@r[kwf jznfhpnf;a&;

jrefrmtpkd;&tm; uav;trsm;}uD;arG;zGm;apa&;tm;ay;onfh pwef@ �xGifvkyfaqmifr_ &Sdaeaomfvnf; rdcifaoqkH;r_av#mhcsa&;twGuf rdom;pkpDrHudef;.

ta&;ygr_tm; todtrSwfðyvmapa&; wkdufwGef;tm;ay;&ef

rl0g'a&;wkef@jyefvkyfaqmifcsuf+Adwdo#tpkd;&onf jrefrmEkdifiHtm; trsm;qkH;taxmuftyHhay;aeonfh EkdifiHrsm;xJwGif

wpfcktygt0ifjzpfonf? uBmhukvor~. Xmersm;ESifh vkyfaqmifaeonfh

‚.Xmejzpfonfh EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;a&;XmetaeESifh &HykHaiGwkd@taeESifh zdESdyftkyfcsKyfaeonfh

w&m;r0if ppftpkd;&xHokd@ OD;wnfcsufajymif;I a&muf&SdroGm;apa&;twGuf

jrefrmtpkd;&tm;wkduf&kduf tultnDay;jcif;xuf trsKd;om;a&;ESifh

tpkd;&r[kwfonfha'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh qufpyfulnD aqmif&Gufv#uf&Sdonf?

2007 ckESpfwGif +Adwdo#ygvDrmef. EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;aumfrDwD

u EkdifiHwumzG@Hòzd;a&;Xme. xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwpfav#muf jrefrmEkdifiH

ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;ESifh 'kQonfrsm;tm; ay;tyfonfhtultnDwkd@tm;

ppfaq;I 2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbmwGif t=uHðywifjycsuftm; ykHESdyfxkwfa0cJhonf?

xkdtpD&ifcHpmu vdifykdif;qkdif&mESifh rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;wkd@tygt0if t"duaxmufyHh&ef

vkdtyfaeonfhae&mrsm;tm; rD;armif;xkd;jyxm;onf? attkdif'Dtufpf / wDbDESifh

iSufzsm;wkdufzsufa&; uBmvkH;qkdif&m&HykHaiGtzGJ@}uD;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; tdyfcsftkdifAGD

ESifh attkdif'Dtufpf&HykHaiGtzGJ@ ESpfckpvkH;taeESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh trsKd;om;ESifh

EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh axmufyHha&;rsm;vkyfukdifa&;vkdtyfcsuftm;

tav;teufpOf;pm;cJhonf? okd@aomf tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh

taumiftxnfazmfonfhtcg EkdifiHtwGif; tm;tEGJ@qkH;olwkd@. vkdtyfcsufrsm;tay:

jznfhpnf;E_difonfhtwkdif;twm vkdtyfcsuf. pdefac:r_ukdvnf; todtrSwfðycJhonf?

jrefrmjynfwGif vlwpfOD;csif;pDtwGuf usef;rma&;ESpfpOftokH;pm;&dyfrSm ysrf;r#

qifhig;q,f (a':vm0uf) atmufwGif&Sdonf? a'owGif;&Sd tjcm;ae&mrsm;xuf

jrefrmEkdifiH.usef;rma&;tajctaeuedrfhusaeonfrSm tqef;r[kwfay?

Taqmif;yg;onf rsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&musef;rma&;. tajctaerSefukd

txl;ðyazmfjyxm;onf?

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;rsKd;qufjyefŒyGm;a&; qkdif&musef;rma&;

aqmif&Gufa&;OD;pm;ay; *|efbmaumif;


u&ifeDwkdif;&if;om;rsm;taeESifh 2007 ckESpftukefykdif;wGif vlOD;a& 23000

ywf0ef;usif&Sd+yD; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif usef&Sdonfh 'kQonfpcef;rsm;xJwGifaexkdifonfh 'kwd,

trsm;qkH;wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkjzpfonfhjyif jrefrm'kQonfta&twGuf. 13 &mckdifE_ef;

jzpfonf ? u&ifeD (u,m;) jynfe,f&Sd vl@b0tajctaerSm =um;od&oavmuf

jrefrmjynf.edrfhusonfhtqifhtwef;a&mufonfhwkdif a=umufrufzG,f&mwnf&Sdonf?

u&ifeD'kQonfOD;aqmifr_onf jrefrmppftpkd;&tm; ,ae@wkdif vufeufukdifqef@

usifawmfvSefae=uonfh u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wkd;wufa&;ygwD KNPP . xdrf;csKyfr_

atmufwGif&Sdonf? u&ifeDjynfe,fwGif e,fajrxdrf;csKyfE_difa&;/ obm0t&if;tjrpfESifh

jynfolvlxktwGuf vufeufukdifI tòydiftqkdifv_yf&Sm;ae=uonfh tjcm;vuf

eufukdiftkyfpkrsm;pGmwkd@vnf; &Sdaeonf? jrifhrm;onfhtawG;tjriftaeESifh

r=umc%qkdouJhokd@ ‚.yËdyQESifh jynfolxktay: tusKd;qufrsm;a=umifh qkH;&_H;&jcif;u

b0vrf;wpfckjzpfvmI tqkH;wGif ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh ykHpHtaetxm;okd@

ykd@aqmifcH=u&onf? 1996 rS ouU&mZf 2000 ckESpftxd av;ESpfwmtwGif;

OyrmtaeESifh ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;a=umifh u&ifeDjynfe,fvlxk. 15 &mckdifE_

ef;txufonff ae&yfrsm;tm; pGef@cGm=u&onfhtaetxm;okd@a&muf cJhonf?

1998 ckESpfrSpI 'kQonft&nftwGufwkd;rsm;vmaomfvnf; u&ifeD'kQonfwkd@tay:

tajccHaxmufyHha&;ykHpHyrm%taeESifh vGefcJhonfhESpfESpfq,ftwGif; E_dif; ,SOfr_t&

ajymif;vJcJhonfhtjyif pcef;rsm;aygif;I &kyfykdif;qkdif&m/ Oya'tuef@towfwkd@tm;

e,fpyftm;vkH;&Sd'kQonfrsm;twGuf wif;usyfvkyfaqmifcJhonf?

uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. }uD;rm;onfh a&$@ajymif;

ae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHcsuf. xda&mufwkd;wufr_ESifh tcsdef=um&SnfvSonfh xkd'kQonfwkd@.

tajctaewkd@tay:em;vnfonfh csOf;uyfr_wpfckvkyfaqmifonfh tcsdefESifhtnD

aomuAsmyg&ESifh wif;rmr_wkd@vnf; 'kQonfpcef;twGif; wkd;yGm;vmcJhonf?

u&ifeD'[email protected] jy\emrsm;jzifhjynfhESufaeonfrSmtqef;r[kwfonfh

tjyif tusKd;oufa&mufr_taeESifh tzGJhtpnf;rsm; trsm;tjym;ay:aygufvmI

xif&Sm;jrifhrm;onfh pdwfykdif;qkdif&mcHpm;r_ESifh vlr_a&;/ w&m;a&;jy\emwkd@ukd

&SmazGazmfxkwfwifjy=uonf?

‘EkdifiHjyifywGifaexkdif&r_’ ay:aygufvmjcif; ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&r_onf &kyf0wˆKESifh ae&yfa'orsm;tjyif

wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;qufqHa&;wkd@onfyifv#if rvGJ{uef &_yfaxG;ajymif;vJaponf?

ae&mopftwGif; ykHrSef ae&ma[mif;uJhokd@wwfE_difoavmuf oabmxm;I

aexkdif&eftwGuf u&ifeD'kQonfrsm;taeESifh &kyfykdif;qkdif&menf;vrf; rsm;jzifh

&if;ESD;u|rf;0ifapa&;twGuf &SmazGvkyfaqmif&onf? xkdokd@vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh ‚wkd@

taeESifh &&Sdonfhaexkdif&mae&mwGif qufpyfr_ 2 ckvkyfaqmif&efóud;pm;=uonf (v

uf&Sdaexkdif&m'kQonfpcef;ESifh jynfyokd@oGm;a&mufa&;twGuf aexkdif&efae&m)? xkd@

jyif tcsdeftykdif;tjcm;ESpfck&Sdonf (,ck ae&yfrSpGhefcGmxGuf ajy;&jcif;ESifh aemifwGif

EkdifiHwpfckckokd@ 0ifa&mufaexkdif&ef)? qufpyfr_rsm;u &kd;&m"avhxkH;wrf;rsm;/

0wfpm;qif,ifr_/ tpm;taomufESifh tjcm;ae@pOfb0v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_

rsm; wkd@rSwqifh qufwkduftopfjyefvnfvkyf aqmif=u&jcif;jzpfaponf?

typftemtqm&Sdonfhwkdif wpfae&mtm; oufawmifhoufomjzpfrnfh rdrdwdk@.

tdrftaeESifhcHpm;I rjzpfraezefwD;&jcif;jzpf onfhtjyif yifukd,ftm;jzifh

rnfolESifhqufpyfonf/ olwkd@ukd,folwkd@ rnfokd@jrifcsifonfwkd@tm;

vkyfaqmifaexkdif&jcif;jzpfonf? taxmuftyHhðytzGJ@rsm;rS tultnDr&onfhtcsdefESifh

xkd@twl rEk\aA'ynm&Sifrsm;u 'kQonfwkd@tm; taemufwGifcsefxm;cJhonfh uBmukd

pHðy=uonfhtcsdefwGif 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh r=umc% tawG@tñuHtm;em;vnfr_

vGJapI ykdrkdonf;cHr_ukd &Sif;vif;pGm vufawG@jyovkyfaqmif=u&ayonf?

ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&olwdk@. ,Ofaus;r_tawG@tñuHonf 'kQonfwkd@tm; ‚wkd@

taeESifh &kyfykdif;qkdif&mt& uBmhtpdwfykdif;wGif rnfokd@vkyfaqmif=uonfqkdonfh

taetxm;tay:wGif a&mifjyef[yfonf? Oyrm 'kQonfpcef;wGif;b0onf

,Ofaus;r_&orsm; eifh rnfokd@trSefqkH; okd@r[kwf taumif;qkH;enf; jzifhaexkdif&efESifh

cHpm;&eftwGuf qufpyfonf/ rnfonfhenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh rdrdcsefxm;

xm;cJhonfhtdrftm; trSwf&aejcif;ESifh pdwful;,Of=unfhjcif;u 'kQonfpcef;twGif;&Sd

rnfonfht&mtm; 'kQonfwkd@ tdrftjzpf&SmazGzefwD;cHpm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;tay:

rnfokd@v$rf;rkd;xm;onf/ rnfonfh txl;tokH;taqmifu&d,mrsm;ESifh vufawG@

obm0ywf0ef;usif. vuQ%moGifjyif (&Sdygu) wkd@taeESifh Tvkyfief;pOfrsm;twGif;

ta&;}uD;r}uD;ESifh rnfonfhtwGuf ta&;}uD;jcif; odk@r[kwf ta&;r}uD;jcif;/

'kQonfwpfOD;jzpf&onfhtay: &kyfykdif;qkdif&mt& cHpm;r_u rnfokd@jzpfonfwkd@jzpfonf?

vufawG@uBmESifh vlom;tjyeftvSeftóud;ðyr_ teJqkH; 3 ck&SdI Tonfwkd@

rSm txl;ojzifh ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&onfh u&ifeDvlrsKd;wkd@twGuf

xif&Sm;aeonf? yxrtcsuftaeESifh tdrfrsm;aqmufvkyfjcif;ESifh tjcm;zefwD;r_

vkyfief;pOfrsm;ponfh ,cifuwnf;u&if;ESD;u|rf;0ifxm;onfh &kyfykdif;qkdif&mv_yf

&Sm;r_rsm;tm; jyefvnfvkyfaqmifE_difonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;tm; 'kQonfpcef;wGif

vkyfaqmifE_dif I TvkyfaqmifE_difr_onf ta&;}uD;onfhtcsufjzpfonf? xkd@

tjyif ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&jcif;tay: +iD;aiG@r_ESifh ylyefaomuwkd@tm; ajzazsmufE_dif

onfomru &kyfykdif;qkdif&m vkdtyfcsufwkd@ukdvnf;jznfhpnf;ay;ayonf? ‚wkd@&

if;ESD;u|rf;0ifonfhudP&yfwkd@jzifh oufawmifhoufomjzpfrnfjzpfI tcsdefykdif;jcm;E_d

ifrnf/ xkd@tjyif wpfOD;csif;taeESifh taumif;qkH;vkyfE_difonfh tvkyfrsm;jzifh

tm&kHajymif;E_dif&ef axmufulr_jzpfonf? zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh

wefbkd;&Sdonfhynmrsm;tm; qufvuftokH;ðyE_dif&ef cGifhðyay;xm;onf? xkd@

tjyif 'kQonfrsm;. wpfrlxl;rnfhtaetxm;ESifh &Sm;yg;onfhtajctaewGif

rodpdwfwGif&Sdaeonfh ,Ofaus;r_A[kokwtm; ukd,fcE<mwnfaqmufykHESifhtnD

tokH;csE_dif&efvnf; tm;ay;r_&Sdonf? ae&yfrStwif;t"Rarmif;xkwfcH&jcif;twGuf

txl;ta&;ygonfh wpfòydifeufxdrf;odrf;qufpyfr_. tjcm;t"dy`g,fjzpfonfh jynfyokd@

oGm;a&mufaexkdifa&;twdwfESifh tjcm; b0pnf;csuftcsKd@ aysmufqkH;jcif;wkd@tm;

taotcsmvkyfaqmifxdrf;uGyfay;aejcif;jzpfonf? trSefrl u&ifeD'kQonfrsm;onf

txnftvdyfrsm;/ csif;awmif;rsm;/ pmoif=um;a&;ESifh tcsuftðywfvkyfief;rsm;

ponfwkd@jzifh tvkyfrsm;aeI Tonfyif ae&yfrSxGufcGmvm&r_tm;ajz&Sif;&ef

t"duusonfh ,E W&m;rsm;jzpfonf?

&kyf0ˆKyPnf;rsm;ESifh &kyfykdif;qkdif&mv_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_wkd@tm; zefwD;ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh

tokH;ðyjcif;wkd@onf ae&yfrStwif;t=uyfarmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;. ðyor#Ek&rnfh

om;aumifb0tajcrSa0;I ‚wkd@. ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&onfhtaetxm; tay:

taumif;qkH;jzwfoef;jcif;ESifh b0opftkd;tdrfopf wnfaqmufjcif;yifjzpfonf?

ESpf&Snfjynfya&muftaetxm;rS tdrftjzpfcHpm;rlpEN&m 'wfav

tvSL&SiftaeESifh vlxktokdif;t0kdif;tajccH tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; vkdtyfonfh

axmufyHha&;tay:todtrSwfðyjcif;u rl0g'tajymif;tvnf;wpfpkHw&m

csxm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf? wuBmvkH;&Sd ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;taeESifh pcef;wGif;aexkdif

jcif;r&Sdolrsm;ESifh ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;tjzpf todtrSwfðyr_rcH&olrsm;taeESifh

xkdtaxmuftyHhtm; &&SdE_difa&;. jyifywGif&Sdae=uonf?

EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;aumfrDwDu jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf tultnDav;qwkd;ay;&ef

t=uHðycJhonf? rnfokd@yifjzpfap tvSL&Sifwkd@twGuf pdrfac:r_rSm EkdifiHwGif;ESifh xkd@

xufykdI xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGif jzwfausmfvkyfaqmifaeonfh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;tm; aumif;rGefonfh vkHðcHpdwfcs&onfhrsKd;qufjyef@yGm;a&;qkdif&m

usef;rma&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; xda&mufpGmaqmif&GufEkdifrnfh zGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;vkyfaqmif

rnfholrsm;tm; &SmazGa&;yifjzpfonf?

*|efbmaumif; ([email protected]) onf

+Adwdo#vGwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,ftrwfjzpfI/ jrefrmh'Drkdua&pDa&;

ygwDaygif; pkHv$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@. OuUXjzpfonfhjyif +Adwdo#EkdifiH.

EkdifiHwumzGH@òzd;wkd;wufa&;aumfrwDtzGJ@0ifwpfOD;vnf;jzpfayonf?

1 www.burmacampaign.org.uk/total_report.html#82 UNFPA, 20073 www.parliament.uk/parliamentary_committees/international_development.cfm4 www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmintdev/1070/107002.htm5 http://myanmar.unfpa.org/projects.htm


'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh "mwfykHuJhokd@aom &kyf0wˆKykHpHrsm;u

twdwfwGifrnfolrnf0gjzpfonf/ trsm;ESifhqkdifonfhtawG@tñuHESifh

xkdtwdwfESifhqufEG,fr_tm;zefwD; &yfwnfE_difonf? vltrsm;wGif "mwfykH

t,fvbrfrsm;&SdI Oyrm 'kQonfpcef;&Sd rdwfaqGrsm;ESifh v_yf&Sm;r_wkd@

yg0ifonfomru ae&yfrSarmif;xkwfrcH&rD ‚[email protected] yk~KdvfESifh

a'orsm;. ta&;ygr_wkd@vnf;yg0ifaeayonf? xkdvl@tokH;taqmifwefbkd;u

'kQonfpcef;wGifqufvufwnf&Sdaer_tjyif yk~Kdvfa&;qkdif&m okd@r[kwf {nfhonf

rsm;vma&mufvnfywf=uonfhtcg twdwftm; jyefvnfowd&&efESifh

jyefvnfajymjy&eftwGuf wufvSrf;&mwpfcktjzpf odrf;xm;=ujcif;wkd@

ESpfckpvkH;jzpfonf?

wwd,tcsufrSm trSwfw&wkd@twGuf ta&;}uD;,mOftjzpftaeESifh

twdwfESifhqufpyfa&;wkd@twGuf "mwfykHESifh tjcm;yk~Kdvfa&;qkdif&mtokH;

taqmifrsm;/ tdrfrsm;tm; rdrdwkd@ESifh &if;ESD;+yD;jzpfonfh ykHpHtwkdif;aqmufvkyfjcif;ESifh

&kd;&mtxnftvdyfwkd@tm; ,ufvkyfjcif;taeESifh u&ifeD'kQonfrsm;tm;

wpfpdwfwykdif;taeESifh teJqkH; ae&mopftm; odrf;ykduf&ef okd@r[kwf ydkifqkdif&ef

taetxm; vkyfaqmifE_difonf? okd@r[kwfygu ‚wkd@taeESifh tdrfwGif csKd@iJhr_wkd@tm;

cHpm;&ayrnfjzpfonf?

T,Ofaus;r_ESifh t&m0wˆKykdifqkdifr_wkd@tay: ykdrkdem;vnfay;jcif;u ykdrkdxda&mufI

pmemr_&Sdonfh tultnDukd 'kQonfwkd@tm; ay;tyfE_difrnfjzpfayawmhonf?

pEN&m 'wfav ([email protected]) onf t*FvefEkdifiH

vufpwmwuUokdvf/ jywkdufavhvma&;wGif tr_xrf;v#uf&Sdonf?

1 ‘jrefrme,fpyf'kQonfaexkdif&mt&yfrsm;ESifh vlOD;&nfyrm%/ 2007 ckESpf Ekd0ifbm’ [lonfh xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;axmufyHh

a&;tzGJ@ Thailand Burma Border Consortium . 2007 xkwfjyefcsuf? www.tbbc.org/camps/2007-11-nov-map-tbbc-unhcr.pdf2 vl@tcGifhta&;apmifh=unfha&;tzGJ@ 2007 ‘jrefrm - ppfwyf.wkdufckdufr_a=umifh &maxmifcsDonhf ae&yfpGef@cGmxGufajy;&r_’? http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/10/25/burma17168.htm

xkdif;EkdifiH

bef@ rkdifEkdifpkd;

'kuQonf

pcef;

trSwf (1)rS

u&ifeD

'kuQonfrsm;

Suth

ep K

ritsa

nava

rin fo

r TBB

C, 2

007

e,fpyfa'oodkha&G@ajymif;vmaom u&ifvlrsdL;rsm;onf [email protected]

qufoG,fjcif;udk qufvufxm;&Sd&eftwGuf wdk;wufqef;opfonfhod`Henf;

ynmrsm;tm;toHk;jyKonfhtjyif edkifiHwumodk@vlhtcGifhta&;csdL;azmufr_rsm;

udkyg azmfaqmifwifjycJhonf?

e,fpyfa'[email protected]=um;qufoG,fr_onf ppfyËdyuQa=umifh

jzpfay:vmaom &ufpuf=urf;=uKyfr_udk u&ifvlrsdL;wdk@u r#a0azmfjy

cJhjcif;ayjzpfonf? tcGifhta&;rsm;taejzifh ae&ma&$@ajymif;jcif;onf

vlhtcGifhta&;csdL;azmufr_udkazmfjyapcJhonf? ‚tajctaeudk e,fpyf

a'orS&Sdaom EdkifiHwumuGef,ufrsm;/ qef;opfaomod`Henf;ynmrsm;u

yhHydk;aqmif&GufcJhonf?

xdktjyif,HkEdkifzG,fr&SdavmufaomtcGifhta&;rsm; jzpfonfh

EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;rsm; / ukvor~,œ&m;rsm; tygt0if pmemaxmufxm;

=uonfhtpdk;&rsm;ESifh aiGa=u; taxmuftyHhXmersm;rStaxmuftulrsm;&&Sd

jcif;jzpfonf? u&ifvlrsdL;rsm;onf EdkifiHwumuGef,ufrsm;.qufoG,fr_jzifh

vlxk.a&SharSmufwGif ydkrdkxif[yfvmE_difcJhonf? xdk@jyif rdrdwdk@.,Ofaus;r_"avhxHk;

pHESifh e,fajryx0Dtaetxm;udk rdrdwdk@vlrsdL;rsm;ESifhqufpyfr_ay;EdkifcJhonf?

wcsdefwnf;rSmyif u&ifvlrsdL;rsm;onf twwfynmtrsdL;rsdL;udk

oif=um;&,lcJhonf? ‚twwfynmrsm;rSm-&_yfaxG;aomuBmvHk;qkdif&mzGJ@

pnf;wnfaqmufyHkudk nSdE_dif;aqG;aEG;jcif; tygt0if / rwlnDaom,Ofaus;r_

rsm;ESifhqufoG,fjcif;tm;jzifh wdk;wufaomuBmhtodkif;t0dkif;twGif; 0ifa&mufvk

yfaqmifEdkif&efjzpfonf?

qef;opfaomenf;vrf;rsm;jzpfonfh bavmhcfrsm;/ 0uf(bf)qkd'frsm;/

owif;vkyfief;trsdL;rsdL; rsm;rS

u&ifvlrsdL;wdk@. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk uGJjym;jcm;em;aomvlxky&dwfowf twGif;odk@

ydkrdkvufvSrf;rDay;ykd@jcif;onf t"duowif;tcsuftvufrsm;jzpfonf?

u&ifwdkif;&if;om;wdk@. w&m;r#wr_uif;rJhr_tm;em;vnfapa&;

todw&m;udkwdk;jrSifh&eftwGuf pmempdwf&Sdaomvlxk (odk@) [email protected]@

t=uHKESifhwef;wl cH,lxm;onfh vlxky&dwfowftaejzifh pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_

uGef,ufudkzefwD;ay;rnfjzpfonf?

a&cs,f &Smy,fpf ([email protected]) onf

=opaw;v#EkdifiH rJvfbkef;&Sd RMIT wuUokdvfY yg&*lbGJ@ausmif;oljzpfonf?

olronf xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwav#mufwGif a&G@ajymif;jcif;a=umifh

u&ifvlrsKd;rsm;onf ‚wkd@. ukd,fykdifjyXmef;csufESifh ,Ofaus;r_taetxm;tay:

rnfokd@tusKd;oufa&mufr_jzpfaponfukd avhvmaeoljzpfonf?

enf;ynmESifh e,fpyfajrrSu&ifvlxk a&cs,f&Smy,fpf


xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf pcef;ukd;ckwGifaexkdif=uonfh 'kQonfwkd@twGif; rSwfom;p&m

pepfusonfhtaxmuftyHhwkd@tay: rSDckdtm;xm;a&;twGuf wkd;wufr_

wpfck&Sdaeayonf? '[email protected]&Gufr_onf t&dyftm0goESifh

pm;a&&dQmtwGuf ukd,fhtm;ukd,fukd;taetxm;rS vuf&SdwGif xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;aexkd

if&yfwnf&eftwGuf EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;tm; vkH;0rSDckdae&onfhtaetxm;okd@

a&mufvmonfhtwGuf ‚wkd@oabmus rdrdukd,fukd usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_/

ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh pm;a&&dQma0iSay;a&;wkd@tm; ukd,fwkdifpDrHcef@cGJjcif;wkd@.

vwfwavmtajctaetay: tvkdrusr_rsm;jzpfay:aeayonf?

yxrqkH;rSwfwrf;t& jrefrm'kQonfrsm; xkdif;EkdifiHokd@a&muf&SdvmcJhonf rSm

1976 ckESpfjzpfI ESpfEkdifiHe,fpyftjzpfykdif;jcm;xm;onfh oHvGifjrpfwpfav#muf&Sd

‘ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;pcef;’ [kqkdonfh pcef;rsm;pGmwkd@wGif

jyef@=uJ aexkdifcJh=uonf? pcef;rsm;wGif 'kQonfOD;a& 300 rS 2000 txd

ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fr_vkyfukdifaexkdif=uonf? yxrwGif tultnDay;tzG@Jrsm;u

r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh aq;0g;rsm;/ umuG,faq;rsm;/ tajccHaq;ynmoifwef;ESifh

usef;rma&;tzGJ@rsm;tjyif wdusonfhtajccH tokH;taqmifwkd@tm;

axmufyHhcJhonf? 80 pkESpfrsm;tv,favmufwGif 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh ‚wkd@.

ukd,fykdif0ifaiGESifh taqmuftOD;rsm;ESifh &dQmaxmufyHhr_wkd@trsm;pkwkd@tm;

qufvufxdrf;odrf;xm;Ed_ifcJh=uonf? jrefrmjynfbufjcrf;wGif ‚wkd@. pyg;cif;rsm;/

toD;t&Gufcif;rsm;ukd pkdufysKd;edkif=uI arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukdvnf; pcef;rsm;twGif;

jrSifhwifvkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? jyifytultnDqkdonfrSm tenf;i,fom&SdjyD; 'kQonfwkd@

taeESifh ‚wkd@bmom pDpOfaqmif&Gufr_ðycJh=uayonf?

1988 aemufykdif; xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;okd@ 'kQonfOD;a&tajrmuftrsm;a&muf&Sd

wkd;yGm;vmcJhjyD; 1994-95 ckESpfrsm;wGifvnf; xyfrHwkd;rsm;vmcJhum

tusKd;oufa&mufr_taeESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ay;jcif;/ ckdv_Hae

xkdif&efae&mESifh tpmt[m&/ a&m*gul;pufr_jyef@yGm;r_rsm;tm;a&Smif&Sm;edkif&ef

xdkif;tm%mydkiftpdk;&. tultnDawmif;cHr+_zifh Xmersm;tm;wkd;jrSifhum

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSwqifh t"dupDrHudef;cstaumiftxnfazmf

onfh ykdIpepfusonfh vuf0g;}uD;tkyfcsOf;uyfaqmif&Gufr_ vkyfaqmifcJhonf?

xkdXmersm;wGif usefrma&;apmifhusyfr_pepf/ r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh aq;0g;taxmuftyHh/

ul;pufa&m*gumuG,fa&;ESifh t"dutjzpftrsm;qkH;a&m*grsm;jzpfonfh 0rf;a&m*g/

iSufzsm;ESifh wDbDukor_/ "gwfcGJcef;oifwef;ESifhXmersm;/ 'kQonfusef;rma&;Xmersm;ESifh

pDrHcef@cGJa&;/ a&oG,fay;jcif;ESifh ygwf0ef;usifoef@&Sif;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wkd@

yg0ifayonf? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh 'kQonfrsm; ukd,fwkdifpDrHcef@

cGJr_ukdcGifhrðyawmhonfhtwGuf &dQmtaxmuftyHhESifh aep&mae&mwkd@tm;vnf;

axmufyHh&ef vkdtyfvmayonf? r#wr_r&Sdonfhtaetxm;jzpfvmrnfukd a&Smif&Sm;&ef

twGuf vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnDrsm;. tqifhtwef;ukd tdrf&Sifxkdif;vlrsKd;

tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@. aexkdifr_tqifhxuf omvGefay;tyfjcif;cGifhrðyay?

1990 aeSmif;ykdif;wGif pcef;rsm;tckdiftrmjzpfvmum ykdrkd}uD;onfh'kQonfpcef;wGif

'kQonf 45000 txdtajccsaexkdifEkdifonftxd jzpfvmonf?

pcef;t&nftwGufrSmvnf; 1994 ckESpfwGif 29 ck&Sd&mrS ouU&mZf 2007 wGif

ukd;cktxdav#mhjccJhonf? vGefcJhonfhig;ESpftwGif; tdrf&Siftpkd;&u v_yf&Sm;r_

xdrf;csKyfxm;jcif;tm; wkd;jrSifhvkyfaqmifcJh&m tusKd;&vm'ftaeESifh 'kQonfwkd@.

tvkyftukdifESifh ynma&;tcGifhta&;rsm; uef@owfr_ESifhtwl pcef;rsm;twGif;

csKyfavSmifxm;jcif;wkd;jrifhvmI ‚wkd@taeESifh tultnDtaxmuftyHhwkd@

tay:wGifom vkH;0rSDckd&vkeD;tajctaeokd@ OD;wnfvmcJhonf? 'kQonfwkd@

twGuf pcef;rsm;twGif;vlom;jcif;pmemonhfulnDaxmufyHha&;tzGJ@ 19 ckteuf

wpfckckESifhtvkyfvkyfjcif; okd@r[kwf pcef;wGif;ae@pm;tvkyfrsm;vkyfukdifjcif;wkd@jzifhom

0ifaiG&&Sdedkif&efjzpfEdkifajc&Sdonf? xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&/ tvSL&Sifrsm;/ a'ocHESifh

EkdifiHwum tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taxmuftyHhESifh 'kQonfrsm;pGmtm;

avhusifhay;xm;aomfvnf; usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_pDrHcef@cGJa&;/ ynma&;/

pm;a&&dQmay;a0a&;ESifh pcef;pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;&_axmifht& ,cktcg 'kQonftenf;i,fom

TtkyfcsKyfa&;ykHpH.tjyifzufwGif tvkyfvkyfukdifI 0ifaiG&edkifonfhtajctae&Sdonf?

ESpfrsm;pGm=umonfhtcg trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh q,fausmfoufvli,fwkd@.

usef;rma&;ESifhynma&; u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@ESifh u&iftrsKd;orD;rsm;ynma&;tzGJ@wkd@

tygt0if 'kQonftokdif;t0kdif;t

ajccHtkyfpki,ftcsKd@wkd@tm; wnfaxmifI axmufyHhr_&&SdcJhonf? xkdtzGJ@wkd@rSm

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhEkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;eD;yg; vGwfvyfpGm&yfwnfvkyfaqmifae=u

ayonf? ‚wkd@taeESifh uwdtwkdif;vkyfaqmifa&;ESifh &HykHaiGjzpfedkifajctay:rlwnfI

vkyfaqmifae=u&um tpkd;&r[kwfonfhEkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taejzifh

yËdyQa=umifhcHpm;ae&olrsm; yg0ifaqmif&Gufapa&;t,ltqay:wGifvnf;

rlwnfvkyfaqmif=u&ayonf?

T'kQonfxktaeESifh azmfjyygtcsufwkd@a=umifh ESpfpykdif;rsm;twGif;&Sd ykdrkd vGwfvyfonfh

tajctaerS a&G@av#mI taxmuftyHhwkd@tay: vkH;0rSDckd&onfhtaetxm;okd@

a&muf&SdcJh=u&jcif;jzpfonf? usef;rma&;ynma&; vkyfief;rsm;ESifh &dQma0iSay;a&;twGuf

0efxrf;ac:,ljznfhpnf;jcif; 'kQonfwkd@. yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_wkd@av#mhcscH=u&onf

(pDrHcsufrsm; ykHpHcspDrHudef;qGJjcif;xuf aqmif&Gufr_pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqm

ifjcif;)? Tae&mwGif Ttajctaewkd@rS vGefajrmuf&efESifh 'kQonfwkd@&ifqkdifae&onfh

rar#mfvifhxm;onfh&Snfvsm;aom 'kQtaygif;tm; EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;ESifh

vufcHxm;onfhtdrf&Siftpkd;&wkd@taeESifh ykdrkdtav;xm;&ef atmufygtwkdif;vkyfaqm

if&efvkdtyfonf?

pDrHcsufrsm;tpwGif 'kQonfwkd@tm; pDrHudef;qGJjcif;/ ykHpHazmfjcif;wkd@wGif yg0ifap&ef? �

tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;rsm;ay;tyfI ukd,fwkdifjynfhpkHapr_ �jzpfap&efvkyfaqmifI tultnDrDSckdr_avsmhenf;apa&;?

,kH=unfr_wnfaqmufa&;/ pkaygif;vkyfaqmifjcif;tusKd; �tjyif 'kQonfESifh a'ocHtokdif;t0kdif;twGif; aumif;rGefonfh

qufqHa&;jzifh 'kQonfwkd@tm; txD;usefxm;onfxuf pkpnf;r_

jzpfay:a&;tultnDjzpfrjzpf tav;xm;aqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@jzpfonf?

ar&DoD&Dpfbef;em; ([email protected]) onf EkdifiHwum r,fvfwDqmtzGJ@}uD;. (www.malteser.de/61.Malteser_International) tawG@tóuH&ifhusufonfh

usef;rma&;tusKd;aqmifjzpfonf? tm&D; rGefpGwf*sm&efrSm ([email protected]) uBmhusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_tzGJ@}uD;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrSajymif;a&$@0ifa&mufvmo

lrsm;ESifh'kQonfwkd@. usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_udPrsm;twGuf xkdif;EkdifiHbefaumufòrd@

wGif vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufaeoljzpfonf? tuf*fbwf qef;a'gh (egbert.sondorp) onf yËdyuQESifhusef;rma&; tawG@tóuH&Sdynmay;yk~Kdvfjzpfum *|Kdif; awmif;qef; ([email protected]) onf tajccHusef;rma&; *k%fxl;aqmifygarmuQjzpfI

‚wkd@ESpfOD;pvkH; vef'efwukd,f&nfESifhywf0ef;usifoef@&Sif;a&;ESifh tylykdif;a'oxGufaq

;0g;ausmif;wGif wm0eftoD;oD;xrf;aqmifae=uonf (www.lshtm.ac.uk)? Taqmif;yg;wGifazmfjycJhonfh tjrifrsm;rSm txufygtzGJ@tpnf;wdk@ESifh ygwfoufjcif;r&Sdyg?

xdckdufcHpm;ae&onfh vlxk. yËdyQ okd@r[kwf yËdyQvGefuJonfh

tajctaersm;twGuf vlom;jcif;pmemonfhtultnDwkd@tay:

tpDtpOfcsrSwfa&;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfaqmifa&;wkd@wGif (‚wkd@

ukd,fwkdifyg0ifaqmif&Gufr_wkd@tm;) r=umc%vpfv#L&_+cif;cH=u&onf?

'kQonfwkdŒ.yg0ifaqmif&Gufrltm;

vpfv#L&lcH&jcif; ar&DoD&Dpfbef;em;/ tm&D; rGefpGwf*sm&ef/ tuf*fbwf qef;a'ghESifh *|Kdif; awmif;qef;


&Gmom;rsm;taeESifh &GmvkH;u|wfr#xGufajy;cJh=u+yD; aexkdif&efe,fajrtwGuf

xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;ESifhnSdE_dif;I "avhxkH;pHt&a&G;cs,fxm;onfh &Gmvl}uD;

rsm;.tdrfywf0ef;usifwGif pcef;wnfaqmufaexkdifcJh=uonf? 'kQonfrsm;

taemuf EkdifiHwGif;xyfrH0ifa&mufvma&;tm;ray;csifonfhoabm okd@r[kwf

jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufajy;vmonfhvlrsm;udP xifay:vmrnfpkd;onfhtaeESifh

tenf;qkH;ESifh ta&;rygonfhtaetxm;avmufomjzpfonfh apmifha&Smufr_tm;

uefabm'D;,m;/ avmESifh AD,uferf'kQonfrsm;tm; tultnDay;ae=uonfh

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtultnDay;tzGJ@rsm;tm; Tusa&mufvmonfhudPtm; wkef@

jyefa&;twGuf xkdif;tpkd;&u zdwf=um;cJhonf?

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;t

wGuf nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufa&;vkyfief;aumfrDwD CCSDPT wGif nSdE_dif;vkyfaqmifaeonfh

tajccHu,fq,fa&;tultnDESifh ulnDa&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd

;pkEkdifiHa&;tkyfpkrsm;cef@xm;onfh 'kQonfaumfrDwDrsm;rSwqifh ay;tyf=uonf?

'kQonfrsm;u ‚wkd@,laqmifvmonfh ykHpHrsm;tm;tokH;ðycJh=uonf? pcef;aumfrDwDrsm;/

usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;Xmersm;tm; xlaxmifcJh=uonf? *kda'gifrsm;wnfaqmufjcif;

ykHpHESifhpepfrsm;tm; xdrf;odrf;=uyfrwfjcif;ESifh vlr_tokdif;t0kdif;tquftoG,frsm;ukd

w&m;a&;ESifh vlr_zlvkHa&;twGuf wnfaxmifcJh=uonf? tokdif;t0kdif;twGif;&Sd

ausmif;q&mrsm;u ‚[email protected],fykdifbmompum;jzifh oif=um;ay;=uonf?

usef;rma&;Xmersm;u e,fpyfa'owGifjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonfh

a&m*grsm;tm;uko&eftwGuf tokdif;t0kdif;wGif;&Sdusef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;tm;

oifwef;rsm;ay;cJhonf?

10 ESpftwGif; TykHpHtm;toifhawmfqkH;ykHpHtjzpfawG@&onf? 'kQonfrsm;u

‚[email protected]@pOfb0rsm;tm; apmifha&Smuf*&kpkduf=ujcif;/ xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@u a'

owGif;vkHðcHa&;ukday;tyfjcif;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u

tultnDtenf;tusOf;ay;tyfjcif;wkd@ðyvkyfjcif;jzpfonf? xkd'kQonfrsm;onf

e,fpyfteD;wGifwnf&Sdae=uI ‚wkd@.&nf&G,fcsufu tajctaeay;vmonfESifh

jyefoGm;&efjzpfonf? wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;u e,fpyfESifhuyfv#ufa'orsm;tm;

csKyfukdifxm;=uqJjzpfI jzwfausmf0ifa&mufvmonfh e,fpyf'kQonfrsm;ESifh

jrefrmppfwyfrsm;.csDppftm; =um;cHe,fajrtjzpfxm;&Sdonf? ukvor~.

tif'kdcsKdif;em;e,fpyftwGuf nSdE_dif;ay;tyfonfh tjrifhrm;qkH;tultnDrsm;ESifh

t&Sdtwkdif;E_dif;,SOfygu T'kQonfpDrHudef;onf ukefuspm;&dwfESifh

EkdifiHwum0efxrf;rsm;tay: tvGef@tvGefwnfrSDae&ayonf? tu,fI

jrefrmEkdifiHtajymif;tvnf;jzpfygu xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;aexkdif&onfhtwGuf

tawmftwefxdckdufr_r&SdbJ 'kQonfwkd@tdrfjyefE_dif=urnfjzpfonf?

uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh TumvwGif ysufuGufr_t

}uD;tus,f&SdcJhonf? w&m;0iftumtumtuG,fay;apmihfa&Smuf

onfh vkyfief;pOfr&Sdacs? e,fpyfukdjzwfausmf0ifa&mufvmonfh 'kQonfwkd@u teD;

qkH;'kQonfpcef;okd@0ifa&mufum pcef;aumfrwDtm;ta=umif;=um;I pcef;wGif;

taxGaxGpm&if;oGif;=uonf? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtultnDay;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u

xkdt&nftwGuftm; vufcHI vkdtyfonfhtultnDay;axmufyHha&;vkyfief;rsm;

tm; vkyfukdif=uonf?

jrefrmhwyfrawmfu wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wkd@. e,fpyf&Sd arG;&yfa'orsm;tm; wjznf;

jznf;ESifhxdef;csKyfr_&&SdvmI vkHðcHpdwfcs&r_r&Sdonhftaetxm;okd@ a&muf&SdvmcJhonf?

1995 ckESpfrS 1998 ckESpfrsm;twGif; 'kQonfpcef; 12 ckwkd@ wkdufckdufrD;&_d@jcif;cHcJh&jcif;u

xkdif;EkdifiH. rl0g'tm; wpkHw&m ajymif;vJapcJhonf? xdef;csKyf[ef@wm;r_rsm;u ae@

pOftrdef@rsm;jzpfvmI pcef;rsm;e,fpyfESifh a0;uGmonfh

vkHðccHpdwfcs&rnfhae&mrsm;okd@ jzef@cGJoGm;um ,cktcg xkdpcef;rsm;tm;

tckdiftrm jcHcwfxm;&Sd=uonfh taetxm;jzpfvmcJhonf? 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh

ukd,fhtm;ukd,fukd;tajctaerS jyifyrSDckdtm;xm;&onfh vrf;a=umif;ay:okd@

a&mufcJh&awmhonf?

pcef;rsm;taeESifh vlOD;a&ajcmufaxmiftxufjzpfvmonfhtcg aus;&Gm

tokdif;t0kdif;rsm; taeESifh òrd@jy&yf0ef;rsm;okd@ a&$@ajymif;cJh=uonf? xkd@aemuf

,aetcg pcef;wGif;'kQonfOD;&nfrSm ykHrSeftaetxm; t& 17000 cef@jzpfvmonf?

t=uD; qkH;'kQonfpcef;jzpfonfh r,fvpcef;wGif 'kQonf 45000 vufcHxm;&onf?

pcef;jyifywGif tzrf;cH&onfhrnfolukdrqkd w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmoltjzpf

owfrSwfonf? ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;rSm tmrcHcsufr&SdawmhonfhtwGuf ukvor~

'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;tm; r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfvmonf?

CCSDPT atmuf&Sd vkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfaqmif&Gufa&;rsm;

vkyfaqmifaepOf xkdif;ppfwyfu vlopftkyfpkwpfcktm; twif;t=uyfjyefykd@

onfhtcg ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh

umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh apmifh=uyf=unfh&_a&; vkyfykdifcGifhay;xm;onfh

em;vnfr_&&Sda&; oabmwlcsufrl=urf;wpfcktm; tay;t,lvkyfnSdE_dif;cJh=uonf?

xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;ESifh qufpyfaqmif&Guf&mwGif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;

}uD;&kH;taeESifh yxrt}udrf pm&if;oGif;jcif;udPrsm;tm; 15 ESpftwGif;vkyfaqmif&ef

pDpOfcJhonf? Ttcsufu vpOf vlOD;&nftwkd;tavsmh wifjyay;onfh

'kQonfpcef;aumfrDwDwkd@twGuf tajymif;tvnf;jzpfapcJhonf? tcsKd@

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tvSL&Sifrsm;u aumfrDwDwkd@. wifjyr_

ykHpHrsm;tm; vufrcHaomfvnf; pm&if;oGif;rSwfwrf;wifr_ukd ‚wkd@. wifjyvmonfh

vlOD;a&. 5 &mckdifE_H;twGif; vkyfaqmif=uonf? xkdokd@jzifh pcef;aumfrDwDtm; vufcHE_d

ifr_taetxm; jrifhwufvmcJhonf?

jyefvnfqef;ppfr_atmuf&SdykHpHq,fESpfrl0g'tm; &kd;&mxkH;pHxdrf;odrf;onfhtaeESifh pGufzufr_uif;pGmxm;&Sdonf/

ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&jcif;. xdckdufr_tm; enf;E_difoIenf;aponfhtjyif

vlxktm; jyef&eftwGuf tqifoifhxm;&Sdonf? trSefrSm uBmu0ef;&Hxm;onfh

vlxktm;aemufwGif csefxm;cJhI ‚wkd@qtav#mufqufvufvkyfukdifcGifhay;xm;

jcif;jzpfonf? Ttcsufu ‚[email protected]; tajccHtajymif;tvnf;jzpfa&;

todtrSwfðy&ef usqkH;cJhI usa&mufvmonfhwm0efrsm;tm; jynfh0pGmxrf;aqmifE_dif

rnfht&nftcsif;rsm; vkdtyfvmcJhonf? ‚tpm; ,Ofaus;r_"avhxkH;pHwkd@tm;

xdrf;odrf;xm;onfhtwGuf pcef;wGif;ykdrkdwkd;wufonfh qufvufoGm;vkdonfh

tawG;orm;wkd@ESifh xdyfwkdufjzpfcJhonf?

tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;

taxmuftyHhjzifh vkyfief;rsm;tm; xda&mufpGm taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufE_dif&ef

oifwef;ay;tyfcJhaomfvnf; tokdif;t0kdif;wpfckcsif;twGuf us,fjyef@onfhvkdtyf

csufrsm;tm;ajz&Sif;a&; t&nftcsif;rsm;rSm t}uD;tus,fvpfv#L&_cHcJh&onf?

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ tvSL&Siftokdif;t0kdif;ESifh xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@.

=um;cHtaeESifhtjyif pcef;aumfrDwD/ &yfuGufrSL;rsm;/ trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh vli,ftzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;tm;vkH; jzefajza&;/ aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;/ twkdifyifcH/ pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;/

pm&if;ukdif/ bmomjyefESifh oifwef;q&mrsm;jzpfvm&ef ar#mfvifhcJhonf? vkdtyfonfh

t&nftcsif;tajccHrSm t}uD;tus,fyifjzpfonf?

EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;tm; ykdrkdawmif;qkdvmonfh wm0efcHr_/

=unfvifr_ESifh vlom;jcif;pmemonfh wkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm;twGuf

tenf;qkH;jznfhpnf;ay;tyfr_ykHpHrsm;u tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;

‚[email protected];r_tm; jyefvnfokH;oyf&ef pdefac:cJhonf? pcef;rsm;twGif;

vlopfrsm; qufvuf0ifa&mufvmonfhtcgwGif apmifh=uyfjcif;ESifh pepfrsm;tm;

pH!$ef;xm;&Sdjcif;tm; t"duxm;aqmif&Gufonf? jynfhpkHonfhtaetxm;tm;

trsm;av;pm;onfhtajctaewGif vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh apmifha&Smufa&;/

t&nftcsif;xdrf;odrf;a&;ESifh apmifh=uyfa&;wkd@twGuftvSL&Sifwkd@vkdtyfonfh

pcef;axmufyHha&;pDrHcef@cGJr_u rukdufrnDjzpfcJh&onf? xkd@a=umifh jyefvnfykHpHcsa&;/

oifwef;rsm;ay;tyfa&;ESifh uBmvkH;qkdif&m vlom;qkdif&m tokdif;t0kdif;ar#mfrSef;csuf

rsm;ESifh tH0if*Gifusjzpfonfh pepfopfrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;

wkd@. &nf&SnfpDrHcsufvkyfief;pOftm; pwifcJhonf? xkdpepfopfrsm;u ,kH=unfr_ESifh

tvGwfoabmwlnDcsufwkd@tm; xdef;nSday;cJhonf? xkdpepfrsm;tm; jiif;y,fr_u

1984 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHrS xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;okd@ 'kQonf wpfaomif;cef@

,m,Dckdv_Hr_&&Sd&ef jzwfausmf0ifa&mufcJh=uonf? xkdtcsdefurnfolr#

aemuf xyfESpfq,fhig;ESpfwkdifatmif 'kQonfrsm;qufvufa&muf&Sdaernf[k

ar#mfvifhcJh=uonfr[kwfajc?

pcef;vlŒtokdif;t0kdif;tajcðypDrHcefŒcGJa&;pJvD oGefrfqef


,kH=unfr_usqkH;jcif;ukd !$efjycJhonf? xkd@a=umihf aemifwGif jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;wkd@

tm; vkyfaqmif&ayrnfjzpfonf?

pcef;pDrHcef@cGJa&;pDrHudef;2004 ckESpfwGif xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnDa&;tzGJ@ Thailand Burma Border Consortium (TBBC) u u&ifESifh

u&ifeD'kQonfaumfrwDrsm;ESifh xkdaumfrDwDwkd@tay:usa&mufvmonfh

rjzpfraeokH; &rnfhtokH;pm;&dwfrSeftm; vufcHrnfh pcef;pDrHcef@

cGJa&;pDrHudef;csrSwfa&;twGuf oabmwlnDr_&cJhonf? axmufyHhr_u tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh

pDrHcef@cGJa&;tokH;pm;&dwfrsm; (Oyrm- &kH;okH;ypPnf;rsm;/ qufoG,fa&;ESifh o,f,lykd@

aqmifa&;) ESifh 0efxrf;vpmrsm; ponfh ae&mrsm;pGmtwGuf t"dutokH;pm;&dwf

vkdtyfaeayonf? 0efxrf;[email protected];twGuf vkHavmufonfh csD;jrSifhr_

raqmif&GufE_difonfomru &HykHaiGrvkHavmufr_u ‚wkd@tm; wefbkd;ESdrfI

qufqHcH&onfhtaetxm; cHpm;&apayonf? pcef;rsm;tm; tcrJhvkyftm;ay;wkd@u

ESpfrsm;pGmqufvufulnDr_jzifh &yfwnfcJh=uonf? aq;0g;tultnDay;vkyfief;

rsm;taeESifh oifwef;ay;xm;onfh 0efxrf;wkd@tm; vpmpwifay;tyfcJhonf?

pcef;ESifh wm0efrsm;tay: 0efxrf;cef@xm;r_ESifh vpmwkd@tm; qkH;jzwfI

w&m;0ifjzpfapcJhonf? xkd@tjyif pcef;.w&m;0ifvkdtyfcsuf/ vkHðcHa&;ESifh "avhxkH;pHESifh

bmoma&;tcef;tem;rsm;twGuf xkdif;tm%mykdifESifh a'ocHtokdif;t0kdif;wkd@ESifh

qufqHa&;taxmuftyHhwkd@ vkdtyfonf?

pcef;pDrHcef@cGJa&;pDrHcsufu ckdv_H&majray;tyfxm;onfh a'ocHvlxktokdif;t0kdif;ESifh

cspf=unfpGmqufqHa&;tay:wGif axmufyHhay;onf? a'ocHtm%mykdifwkd@ESifhquf

qHa&;xdrf;odrf;xm;&Sd&eftultnDay;I TpDrHcsufu tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHonfh

tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. v_yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;tm; wzefjyefI tokdif;t0kdif;twGif;

tjcm;olwkd@. toHrsm;tay: tiftm;&Sdap&ef tultnDay;tyfayonf?

vuf&SdwGif trsKd;orD; 28 &mckdifE_ef;u pcef;aumfrwDwm0efrsm;,lxm;=u+yD;

tpm;aomufay;a0r_vkyfief;wGif trsKd;orD;yg0ifr_ tiftm;rSm 35 &mckdifE_ef;txd

wkd;wufvmcJhonf?

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u CCSDPT rSwqifh nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufr_

rsm;vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf tpykdif;wGif aumif;rGefpGm wnfaxmifcJhjcif;u

w&m;0ifuGef,ufrsm;ESifh yl;wGJvkyfukdifaeolrsm;taeESpfckpvkH; taeESifh

tajymif;tvJjzpfay:vmapcJhonf? ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;

}uD;&kH;. aemufykdif; 14 ESpfwGif; 'kQonfjy\emrsm;twGif; 0ifa&mufvmr_u

yl;wGJvkyfaqmifrnfholvkdtyfonfhtaetxm;okd@ wkd;jrSifhvmcJhaponf?

tpykdif;wGif taumiftxnfazmfrnfh yl;wGJvkyfukdifrnfholr&Sdjzpfaeum

vma&mufumuG,fapmihfa&Smufrnfhol rsm;pGmtm; pdrf;um;pGmqufqHcJhonfh

xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;ESifh t}uD;tus,f aqG;aEG;nSdE_dif;cJh&onf? yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifr_.

aumif;usLd;rSm r=umrDxif&Sm;vmcJh+yD; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;

}uD;&kH;ESifh tumtuG,fay;a&;twGuf oMddXmefcswm0ef,lvkyfaqmifaeo

nfh pcef;tajccHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tygt0if vufawG@uGif;qif;twkdif;twmrS

EkdifiHtwkdif;twmtxd tumtuG,fay;a&;vkyfaqmifaeonfh tzGJ@rsm;wkd@

ukd tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u xlaxmifcJh=uonf? vufawG@

uGif;qif;tumtuG,fay;a&;tm; t"duvkyfaqmifcJh=uaomfvnf;

arG;zGm;r_rSwfykHwifa&;/ w&m;a&;pDrHaqmif&Gufr_ESifh pcef;wGif;vlxk&ykdifcGifh

yXdnmOfwkd@uJhokd@aom csJ@xGifay;tyfvmonfh rl0g'rsm;tm; xkdtcsdefrSpI

pwifaqmif&GufcJhonf? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@rsm;/ vlxktajcðytzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;/ ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;ESifh xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;.

tcsif;csif;t=um;rSDckdtm;xm;r_wkd@u pcef;wGif;/ c&kdifwGif;ESifh EkdifiHwGif;usif;yonfh nSdE_d

if;aqmif&Gufa&; tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif ay:vGifxif&Sm;cJhonf? xkdrS nSdE_dif; aqmif&Gufr_

vkyfief;rsm;tm; uav;umuG,fa&;/ ajymif;a&$@ae&mcsxm;a&;/ tvSL&Sifpdwfyg0ifpm;r_

rsm;ESifh taxGaxGowif;rDwifjyr_ ponfjzifh tqifhrsm;ykdif;jcm;vkyfaqmifvmE_d

ifcJhonf?

wnf+idrfonhf cef@xm;r_r&Sdonfh a&&Snf rdrdukd,fukd,kH=unfr_u tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufr_

rStp vli,frsm;*kd%f;zGJ@aESmuf,Sufr_tqkH; vlr_a&;jy\emrsm;wkd;wufvmapI

tjyeftvSeftaeESifh xkdudP&yfwkd@tm;ajz&Sif;&ef t&nftcsif;rsm;ykdrkdvkdtyfvmayo

nf? xkdpcef;rsm;taeESifh Oya'rJhaexkdifonf [kpGyfpGJcHvm&onf? 'kQonfrsm;.wkef@

jyefajymqkdonfu “u|efawmfwkd@rSm u|efawmfwkd@Oya'&Sdw,f// 'gayr,fh =urf;wrf;E_dif

wmaygh” [lIjzpfonf? pcef;w&m;a&;pepfrsm;u xkdif;w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xme.

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_jzifh "avhxkH;wrf;Oya'/ EkdifiHawmfESifh EkdifiHwumOya'rsm;nSdE_dif;

vkyfaqmifonfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzpfonf?

TnSdE_dif;r_rsm;u t&nftcsif;&mckdifE_ef;ESifh ynmwwfrsm;tvGefenf;yg;onfh

(pcef;wGif;aexkdifol 2 &mckdifE_ef;omv#if txufwef;ynma&;tqifhtwef;&Sdonf)

pcef;wGif; vlom;t&if;tjrpfrsm;tm;vkdtyfvmonf? vkH;0 vlxktokdif;t0kdif;

tajcðy pDrHcsufrsm;ppfppfxm;&Sdrnfqkdygu tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

rsm;u t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; taxmuftyHhtm; vlom;csif;pmemonfh

tultnDrsm;ay;tyfa&;twGuf vkdtyfonfh t&nftcsif;rsm;omru ykdrkd}uD;us,f

r,fvtl;

'kuQonf

pcef;/

xkdif;EkdifiH

EC/E

CHO/

J P A

paric

io


ordkif;a=umif;t& xdkif; jrefrme,fpyfwGif&Sdaom 'kQonfpcef;rsm;udk

=uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom xdkif;wm0efcHrsm;taejzifh tcsdL@ jypfr_ odk@r[kwf w&m;rr_

ESifhqdkifaom tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;udk ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf 'kQonfacgif;aqmifrsm;tm;

rSswpGmjzifh=uD;rm;aom wm0efudkcef@tyfay;cJhayonf? odk@aomf =uD;rm;aom&mZ0wfr_

rsm;jzpfonfh vlowfr_ / rk'def;r_ / rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh vlukeful;r_rsm;ryg0ifay (odk@aomf

azmfjycJhaomjypfr_wkd@ESifhywfoufI vufawG@taetxm;t& xdkif;EdkifiHom;yg0ifaom

jypfr_rSv$JI tr_awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk pcef;acgif;aqmiftaejzifh xdkif;&Jwm0efcHxHodk@

v$Jajymif;ay;cJhjcif; r&SdcJhay)? wcsdefwnf;wGif xifay:r_wcktaejzifh pcef;twGif

;tjiif;tyGm;rsm;udkajz&Sif;a&; ,E W&m;wkd@rSm +yD;jynhfpHkonfh twdkif;twmxuf

edrfhusonfhtaetxm;wGifom&Sdae[k jrifaumif;jrifE_difaomfvnf; xkdvkyfaqmifr_wkd@

tm; vkyfykdifcGifhay;onfhtaeESifh csD;ajrSmufoifhayonf?

pcef;w&m;pD&ifa&;wm0efcHrsm;onf [email protected];t0dkif;twGif; v$rf;rkd;r_&Sdonfh

yk~dKvfrsm;jzpfjyD; r=umc%qdkovdk pcef;twGif;&Sdtjiif;yGm;r_rsm;tm;ajz&Sif;&mwGif

‚wdk@taejzifh tvGef&ifhusufI ta&;ygaom tawG@t=uHKrsm;&SdcJhonf?

jynfxJa&;0ef=uD;Xme (MOI) .tkyfcsKyfr_atmufwGif jcHKiHkjyD;ajymqdk&ygu uef@

owfxm;onfh axmufyHhr_jzifhESifhom oifhawmfovdk pcef;a&;&mrSL;rsm;tm;

r#wpGm=uD;=uyfjcif; / pdefac:r_E_ef;rsm;tm; awG;awmoHk;oyfjcif; ponfwkd@

udk 'kQonfacgif;aqmifrsm; taejzifh =udK;pm;vkyfaqmifcJhayonf? odk@

ae&yfrSa&Ghajymif;cdkif;apjcif; ESifh pcef;wGif;0ifa&mufaexdkifjcif; / axmufyHhr_

enf;yg;jcif; / e,fajra'oESifh a0;uGmIaexdkif&jcif; / wif;=uyfaomoGm;vma&;

ESifh Oya'tcGifhta&;enf;yg;jcif;wdk@a=umifh r=umc% qdkovdk &mZ0wfr_ESifh y

wfoufaom'kQonf”m;pmcHrsm;taejzifh Oya'tcGifhta&;tvkHtavmuf

r&&Sd=uay?

w&m;r#wrltcGifhtvrf;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;*sdLt,f [m'if;/ &Sdef;puJvHk;/ a&SmifvD;pf/ umpGef abum ESifh tkdifvDvif;rf

onfhtokdif;t0kdif;ukd,fpm;ðyr_ESifh rdom;pktjiif;yGm;onf a'ocHtm%mykdifwkd@

ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;txd ae@pOfay:aygufvmonfh udP&yfrsm;tm;

ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;a&;tay: tiftm;pkdufxkwfr_rsm; wduspGmvkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfonf?

vkHavmufonfh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; pDrHcsufrsm;tm; wwd,EkdifiHrsm;okd@

a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;tcGifhta&; ay:aygufvmjcif;u t&SdefjrSifhay;cJhonf?

tokdif;t0kdif;u vkyfaqmifaeonfh pepfrsm;. tusKd;oufa&mufr_u

xif&Sm;onfh pdefac:r_wpfcktm; oufaojyaeayonf? ynmwwf/

t&nftcsif;&SdolESifh ESpftwef=umtawG@tóuH&Sd tokdif;t0kdif;.acgif;aqmifrsm;

ponfh vltrsm;u pDrHcsufrsm;tm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef

wm0ef,lr_u yxrvkyfaqmif&rnfhtcsufjzpfonf? 2008 ESpfrukefrD cef@

rSef;ajc tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@ESifh tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHtzGJ@0efxrf;rsm;tm;

tpm;xkd;jcif;cH&rnfjzpfonf? pufr_t&if;tjrpfrsm;vnf; r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonf?

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@rsm;tm;vkH; uGefjyLwm/ tDar;tifwmeuf/ um;rsm;ESifh

w,fvDzkef; tokH;ðy=uonf? ykdrkdtav;xm;r_tm; pcef;pDrHcef@cGJa&;0efxrf;rsm;tay:

ar#mfvifhxm;onfhtwkdif; wm0efxrf;&GufE_difr_&Sdr&Sd pDppfvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf

xm;&Sdoifhonf? aemufqkH;taeESifh tu,fI 'kQonfrsm;wGif ykdrkdvGwfvyfonfh

v_yf&Sm;r_ESifh 'kQonftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif vkyfykdifcGifhwpfpkHw&m&Sdygu ‚wkd@tm;

us,fjyef@onfh vlom;qkdif&mESifh tvSL&Siftokdif;t0kdif;ESifh xdpyfa&; tav;teuf

tcGifhta&;rs m;ykdrkdzGifhay;jcif; jzpfay:vmrnfjzpfonf?

tokdif;t0kdif;tajccHpcef;pDrHcef@cGJa&;u 'kQonfrsm;tm; ‚wkd@ukd,fykdiftajctaetm;

xdrf;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&efESifh wwfE_dif oavmuf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifhtm;

t"duxm;onf? tajctaeu vkH;0vufv$wfxm;onfhtaetxm;rS

EkdifiHwumpHrsm;ESifh vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;tm; vkdufem&efjzpfvmonf? pepfwkd@u

qufvufajymif;vJaeonf? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh

'kQonfwkd@vuf0,f&Sdonfh xl;jcm;pGm ajz&Sif;E_difonfht&nftcsif;rsm;tm;

wnfaxmif&efvkdtyfonf? r=umrDumvwGif tdrfjyef&rnfhtaetxm;rSmjzpfE_d

ifajcr&Sdonfhtjyif vlopfrsm;u vkdtyfonfxuf ykdI vlOD;a&xlxyf+yD;jzpfonfh

pcef;rsm;twGif; xyfrHI xlxyfaeonfhtaetxm;wGif tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@taeESifh oifh

av#mfukdufnDonfhtaxmuftyHhwkd@jzifh ae@pOfpcef;b0rSeftm; qufvufukdifwG,fajz

&Sif;=urnfjzpfayonf?

pJvD oGefrfqef ([email protected]) onf xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;ulnD

a&;tzGJ@. 'kwd, tvkyftr_aqmif'g&kdufwmjzpfonf? (www.tbbc.org)

1 www.ccsdpt.org

u&ifeD

'kuQonf

aumfrwD

tpnf;

ta0;/

pcef; (1)

rJha[mif

aqmif

c&kdif/

xkdif;EkdifiH

Suth

ep K

ritsa

nava

rin fo

r TBB

C


aomf pcef;twGif;w&m;a&;udk xda&mufpGmvkyfaqmif&ef ‚wdkk@taejzifh

t&nftcsif;vHkavmufpGmr&Sdonfudk 0efcHcJh=uonf?

‚tajctaersm;rS uif;a0;&ef 2005-2006 ckESpfwGif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qdkif&m

r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;ESifh EdkifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD (IRC) wdk@u Oya'qdkif&m

axmufyHha&;vkyfief;tm; wdk;csJhvkyfaqmifcJhonf?

xdkif;tm%mydkiftpdk;&taejzifh Tvkyfaqmifr_u tvGeftusdL;&Sda=umif;

rSwfcsufcsum t"duusaom 0efaqmifr_w&yftaejzifh ‚vkyfaqmifr_ukdyHhydk;jcif;ESifh

t=uHOm%fay;jcif;wdk@vkyfaqmifcJhonf? 2006 ckESpf=o*kwfvwGif 0efaqmifr_

aumfrDwDjzpfaom xdkif;tpdk;&Xmersm;tygt0if ukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;

=uD;&Hk; ESifhEdkifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwDwdk@onf a'ooHk;ckwGif w&m;a&;ydkrdkaumif;

rGefpGmem;vnf&efESifh xlaxmif&eftwGufoabmwlvufcHcJh=uayonf? ‚wdk@rSm (u) p

cef;olpcef;om;rsm;twGufw&m;a&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;&Sd&ef (c) 'kQonftodkif;t0dkif;taejzifh

tkyfcsKyfr_ydkif;wGif w&m;r#wr_tcGifhtvrf;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;wdk@jzpfayonf?

T w&m;r#wr_tcGifhtvrf;twGuf ppfwrf;aumuf,lr_wGif ajzqkdol 2299

a,mufyg0ifcJhI tcsufusI wdusaom vlawG@ar;jref;jcif;ESifh tzGJ@vkdufaqG;aEG;r_

rsm;wkd@tm; t"duxm;cJhonf?

t"duumuG,fr_taejzifh ay:aygufvmonfh pkd;&drfr_wkd@rSm t&ufESifhrl;,pfaq;0g;okH;I

t=urf;zufjcif; (jrefrmppfom;wkd@vma&mufrnfukd a=umuf&GH@jcif;/ &dQm&&Sda&;twGuf

pGrf;aqmifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdjcif;/ udk,fxdvufa&muft=urf;zufr_ txl;ojzifhrk'def;r_/

wdusaomta=umif;t&mtcsuftvufrsm; enf;yg;jcif;/ ae&yfodk@jyefydk@

aqmifcH&jcif;/ w&m;r#wr_&&Sd&ef tpGrf;tpr&Sdjcif;ESifh xdkif;vHkjcHKa&; (atmapmf)

yg0ifywfoufaomjypfr_wdk@jzpfonf? tcuftcJwkd@tm;ajz&Sif;a&; usef@=umap&ef

tcsdefqGJxm;jcif;ESifh pcef;twGif;vkyf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; xdef;csKyfxm;jcif;tm;jzifh xdkvHkjcHKr_

ESifhumuG,fr_wdk@tm; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;u qef;us,fonfhudPr[kwfay?

wcsdKK@olrsm;/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh pcef;wGif;rS tjiif;tyGm;rsm; udkw&m;r#wpGm ajz&Sif;

&ef rdrdudk,fudkodrfi,fI ,Hk=unfr_enf;jcif;ayjzpfonf? vl@todkif;t0dkif;[email protected]

abmwlnDr_ESifh axmufyHhr_wdk@u tjiif;tyGm;rsm;udkajz&Sif;&eftwGuf tif tm;w&yf

jzpfcJhaomfjim;vnf; ‚[email protected]&m;a&;zGJ@pnf;r_vkyfaqmifjcif;&v'fonfodrfi,faom

pcef;olpcef;om;rsm;twGuftusdK;w&m;jzpfxGef;jcif;r&Sdaomtaetxm;odk@

oufa&mufayrnf?

trsdK;orD;rsm;onf pcef;twGif;&Sdt=urf;zufr_'%fESifh ywfoufIrsm;aomtm;jzifh

jcdrf;ajcmufjcif;cH=u&onf? txl;ojzifh usm;rt=urf;zufr_yif jzpfonf? tdrfaxmif&Sd/

r&SdESifh ywfoufI pcef;twGif;&Sd 'kQonfrsm;tay: vHkjcHKr_t& xdckdufaponf?

vifr,m;uGm&Sif;jcif;/ wuGJpDESifh tdrfaxmifrusao;aom 'kQonfrsm;twGuf

tœ&,fpufuGif;wGif; usa&muf&efydkIvG,fulaponf[k cHpm;&jcif;/ txl;ojzifh

acgif;yHkjzwfcH&jcif;ESifh udk,fxdvufa&muft=urf;zufcH&jcif;rsm;jzpfonf? rkqdk;rrsm;

taejzifh pcef;wGif;tcuftcJrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&onf[k tpD&ifcHwifjycJha=umif;//

Oyrmtm;jzifh tdrfaxmifOD;pD;a,muFsm;&Sdaom trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifhE_dif;,SOfv#if

rdrdwdk@.&dQm&,l&ef cufcJjcif;jzpfonf?

w&m;r#wr_&Sda&;,Hk=unfr_uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;tay: trsm;pk.vdktyfcsuftaejzifh aqG;aEG;nSdE_dif;jcif;/

avsmfa=u;ay;jcif; odk@r[kwfzsefajzr_&,ljcif;wdk@xuf jypfr_usL;vGefonfhtwdkif;pD&if&ef

&mZ0wfr_ESifhqdkifaom w&m;pD&ifr_pepfonf xda&mufpGmvkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;&Sd&rnf?

rnfodk@jzpfapumrl txufygtwdkif; vkyfaqmif&ef tcuftcJrsm;pGm&Sdonf?

vltrsm;pkrSm xdkif;w&m;Oya'udk rdrdwdk@taejzifh b,ftcsdefESifh rnfodk@rnfyHktoHk;jyK&

rnfudkod&Sdxm;jcif;r&SdcJhay odk@r[kwf pcef;w&m;Oya'udkaumif;rGefpGmem;

rvnfjcif; ESifh xdkOya'rsm;tay:,Hk=unfpdwfcsr_r&Sdjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? ,ckuJhodk@

todw&m;enf;yg;jcif;a=umifh w&m;Oya'udkvufcHzdk@&eft"dutcuftcJoHk;&yfjzpfay

:aponf? yxrw&yftaejzifh w&m;Oya't& ‚[email protected]&dkufudk xdef;csKyf&ef ESifh

rnfodk@aomw&m;pD&ifa&;udk&,l&ef 'kQonfrsm;twGuftcuftcJjzpfjcif;?

'kwd,tcsufrSm pcef;twGif;ESifhjyifyrSm vdkufem&rnfhOya'tenf;i,fr#om od&Sd

xm;jcif;a=umifh w&m;Oya'udkvdkufem&ef oifhawmfonfha&G;cs,fr_udkrjyKEdkifcJhay?

aemufqHk;tcsuftaejzifh tajccHOya'tcGifhta&; od&Sdr_enf;yg;jcif;a=umifh

'kQonfrsm;taejzifh acgif;yHkjzwft=urf;zufr_tay: w&m;vdkaomfvnf;aumif;

w&m;cH aomfvnf;aumif;r#waomw&m;pD&ifr_&&Sd&ef tm;enf;v#uf&Sdonf?

pcef;w&m;pD&ifa&;. t"dujyomemw&yfrSm pGJcsufavsmufxm;olESifh

pGJcsufcH&oltay: oifhawmfaom w&m;pD&ifa&;enf;vrf;udkay;Edkif&eftpGrf;enf;yg;jcif; /

txl;ojzifh &mZ0wfESifhqufEG,faomjypfr_rsm;jzpfonf? pcef;w&m;pD&ifa&;t&m&Sdrsm;

taejzifh tm%m&Sdaom '[email protected];rdk;jcif;udkvG,fulpGmcH&pjrJjzpfonf? ‚wdk@

taejzifh oifwef;&&Sdr_enf;yg;jcif; ESifh vkyfief;wm0efa=umifh oifhawmfaomw&

m;Oya'pD&ifEdkif&ef ydkrdkcufcJ&_yf axG;aponf? pcef;w&m; pD&ifa&;t&m&Sdrsm;onf

Oya'jyefvnfjyKjyif&ef ta&;ay:vdktyfcsufjzpfa=umif; cGJjcm;Edkifr_r&Sday?

pcef;twGif;uef@owfcsKyfcs,fr_onf wcgw&H w&m;pD&ifa&;t&m&Sdrsm;udk

vlrltodkif;t0dkif;.vdktyfcsufudkay;a0&efcGifhjyKcsufr&&Sday? pcef;tcsKyfwGif;&Sd

toHk;taqmifrsm;onf tusOf;om;xm;&mtcef;ESifhydkrdkwlapjyD;=um&Snf csKyfaESmif&ef

oifhawmfaomae&mr[kwfay? =uD;rm;aomavsmfa=u;ay;aqmif&jcif;onf pcef;

twGif;Yoifhawmfaomt&mr[kwfyg tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf vltenf;i,fpkr#om ay;

aqmifEdkifjcif;a=umifhjzpfonf?

tcsdL@'kQonfrsm;wifjyawmif;qdkr_t& tiftm;enf;tkyfpkjzpfaom trsdK;orD;rsm;/

qif;&Jom;rsm;ESifh wdkif;&if;om;vltenf;pkrsm; twGuf pcef;w&m;a&; zGJ@

pnf;yHkonf ‚wdk@twGuf auseyfzG,faumif;onfh umuG,fr_ ray;Edkifay? jypfr_

jzpfyGm;jyD;aemufydkif; jzpfpOftrsm;pkwGif jypfr_usL;vGefcH&olonf a&G;cs,f&efvrf;r&SdI

jypfr_usL;vGefaomol.teD;em;ywf0ef;usifwGif ESpfESifhvcsDumaexdkif&jcif;jzpfonf?

r_cif;trsm;pkrSm jypfr_usL;vGefoltaejzifh‚wdk@usL;vGefaomjypfr_tvdkuf

xdkufwefaomjypf'%fudkr&&Sdjcif; odk@r[kwf wdusaomjypf'%fcH&jcif;r&SdESifh

v$wfajrmufoGm;jcif;jzpfonf? wpfcsdKK@aomtajctaerSm t=urf; zufr_

udkudkifwG,fajz&Sif;&eftwGuf pcef;acgif;aqmifrsm;onf t&nftcsif;enf;yg;jcif;a=um

ifhESifh jypfr_rsm; udk 'kQonftodkif;t0dkif;twGif;Yom ydkIESpfouf+yD; pcef;twGif;Y&Sdaom

twdkuftcH wdkif;&if;om;tkyfpk udk,fpm;vS,fxHodk@om tr_udkvGJajymif;jcif;wdk@

jzpfonf? wpfcgwpf&H ‚tkyfpkwdk@. vkyfaqmifr_rSm pcef;acgif;aqmifrsm;.pD&ifqHk;jzwfr_

tay: auseyfr_r&Sdaom pcef;wGif;aexdkifolrsm;twGuf &yfwnfay;&effjzpfonf?

tdrf&Siftpdk;&. w&m;a&;zGJ@pnf;r_jyXmef;csufrsm;udk wu,fhvufawG@

wGif vufcHusifhoHk;&ef tcuftcJ&Sdaoma=umifh pcef;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS

‚[email protected]&Sifrsm;odk@ w&m;r#wr_ay;Edkif&ef =udK;pm;vkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?

avhvmppfaq;r_.pD&ifcHcsuft& pcef;twGif; 'kQonfrsm;.wkef@jyefr_rSm ‚wdk@

taejzifh xdkif;Oya'pepfudkusifhoHk;&mwGif t[ef@twm;trsdKL;rsdL;&Sdonf?

‚tcsufrsm;rSm bmompum;tcuftcJ/ oGm;vma&;tcuftcJ/ wHk@jyefr_

udka=umuf&GH@jcif;paom &[email protected]@jyefr_ESifh Oya'pepfudkem;rvnfjcif;wdk@jzpfonf?

tu,fI‚[email protected]_tcif;udk pcef;jyifyodk@wifjyygu vl@todkif;t0dkif;.jiif;y,fr_

odk@r[kwf &Sufa=umufr_wdk@a=umifhjzpfonf? xdk@tjyif tcsdL@aom pcef;tr_

aqmift&m&Sdrsm;onf tr_tcif;udk pcef;jyifyodk@ajz&Sif;&eftwGuf jiif;y,fI

cGifhjyKvdrfhrnfr[kwfay? tcsdKK@aomxdkif;t&m&Sdtaejzifhvnf; tvkyftajctaea=umifh

odk@r[kwf tvkyfwm0efrsm;a=umifh w&m;pD&ifjcif;udk jywfom;pGmvkyfaqmif&ef

0efav;EdkifzG,f&Sdonf?

pcef;toD;oD;rS tm%m&Sdolrsm;onf ‚wdk@. wm0efESifhtcef;u¾jzpfonfh

jyoemrsm;tm; azmfxkwftajz&Sm&ef tm;enf;+yD; tcsdK@rSm

vkyfief;wm0efxyfae=uonf? pcef;twGif; aexdkifolrsm;onfvnf;

pcef;w&m;pD&ifydkifcGifhESifh xdkif;w&m;a&;pepfwdk@. ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfr_

t=um;&Sif;vif;uGJjym;r_r&Sdyg? Tta=umif;t&m udPESifhywfoufI tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifh

ndSEdkif;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;t& xdkif;tm%m&Sdolrsm;onf trsdL;om;w&m;

pD&ifa&;pepfudk jyif;xefaom tr_tcif;rsm;. w&m;pGJqdkjcif;rsm;tay:om

tm&Hkpkduftm%moHk;aponf? pcef;w&m;&Hk;udkrl t&yfom;tjiif;yGm;r_jyoemrsm;ESifh

ao;i,fonfhjypfr_rsm;ukdom udkifwG,fajz&Sif;aponf?

rnfodk@yifjzpfapumrl vdktifq.&v'fESifh jzpfEkdifajcwdk@t=um;uGm[r_ &Sdygonf?

pcef;twGif;aexdkifol rsm;onftjiif;tcHkjyoemrsm;. ajz&Sif;&mwGifvnf;aumif;/

vlowfr_uJhodk@jyif;xefaomjypfr_rsm;udkyif pcef;w&m;&Hk;Yom ajz&Sif;=u&efydk

rdkESpfouf=uonf? odk@aomf vlowfw&m;cHrsm;twGuf tcdsK@olrsm; . tjrif

odk@r[kwfwHk@jyefr_rSm ‚tm;oifhawmfaom tjypfay;r_rSm axmif'%f 10ESpfrStxuf

odk@r[kwf ao'%ftxdjzpfonf? ‚uJhodk@tjypfay;r_rsm;udk pcef;w&m;&Hk;pepfrS

rpD&ifEdkifaomfvnf; xkdif;tm%mydkif rsm;. Oya'ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;/ e,fpyfjzwf

ausmfvufeufudkifvlrsdK;pkrsm;. tm%mjzifhaomfvnf; aumif; ajz&Sif;vsuf&Sdonf?

pcef;.tkyfcsKyfr_zGJ@pnf;yHkonfw&m;Oya'twGif; yÉdyQjzpfap/ uav;i,frsm;tm;rk'def;r_

ESifh rk'def;}uHpnfr_ wkd@twGuf pD&if&ef jynfhpHkaomtaetxm;r&Sday? usm;rqdkif&m


t=urf;zufr_a=umifh aouHra&muf oufraysmuf jyKusifhcH&olrsm;onfyifvsif

wpfcgw&Hw&m;r#wr_ESifh azsmif;zsr_r&ekdifyg? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf pcef;t&m&Sdtr_

aqmifrsm;onf w&m;pD&ifa&;tay: wkef@jyefr_ESifh vkyfay;ekdifpGrf;enf;yg;jcif;

wdk@a=umifh vnf;aumif;/ vlr_todkif;t0dkif;rSvnf; ajyvnfr_ESifhf nSdEdkif;r_udk

a&S;&_aoma=umifhvnf;aumif;/ trsdK;orD;rsm;taeESifh auseyfzG,f&mr&Sdaom

w&m;pD&ifa&; &v'fudk vufcH&efzdtm;ay;cH=u&onf?

xdk@enf;wl tenf;pkjzpfaom vlrsdK;pkrsm;onfvnf; +cHKiHkIem;vnfay;&jcif;/

pcef;w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh zGJ@pnf;yHk .r#wr_ESifh xda&mufr_ ponfhtrsdK;rsdK;aom

tawG@t}uHKrsm;ESifh&ifqdkif&vsuf&Sdonf? trsm;pkjzpfaom vlrsdK;pkrSvnf; vlenf;pkudk

vGrf;rdk;vsuf&Sdonf?

ed*Hk;csKyf,ckavhvmoHk;oyfcsufrsm;onf 'kQonfpcef;acgif;aqmifrsm;. tkyfcsKyfr_

tm;enf;csuf [krqdkvdkyg? trSef wu,ferlemrsm;pGm&&Sdonfh zsefajzr_wpfavsmuf

toHk;jyKaom xda&mufonfhenf;pOfrsm;jzpfonf ?ESpfOD; ESpfzuf tjyeftvSefem;vnfr_

&&efulnDjcif;jzpfonf? rnfodk@yifjzpfapumrl xdus&Sif;vif;aom vrf;nGefr_

rsm; odk@r[kwf pHE_ef;rsm;r&Sdygu jyoemwpfckrSwpfck }uD;pGmuGm[r_/

zsefajzolESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;t&m&Sd rsm;t=um; uGm[r_&SdaeaytHk;rnf?

pdwfxJYjzpfay:aomt&mum; ,cif'kQonfacgif;aqmifrsm;onf jyifytm;

udk;tm;xm;tenf;i,fom&Sdjcif;/ pcef;twGif;w&m;r#wpGm tkyfcsKyfekdif&ef

taxmuftyHhay;rnfh enf;pepfESifh taxmuftulypPnf;enf;yg;jcif;/

owfrSwfxm;onfhvlr_todkif;t0dkif;wGif jyoemtm; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;&mwGif &_yf

axG;r_ESifh ywf0ef;usifwdk@rS wkef@@jyefumuG,fr_wdk@udk cH&vsuf&Sdonf?

tdkiftm&fpD (EdkifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrwD)taejzifh pcef;twGif;0ifa&muf

vkyfudkifcGifh&onfh tcsdefuwnf;upI t"dutaejzifh avhvmoHk;oyfcsufwGif

azmfjyonfh[muGufr_rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf?

‚wkd@rSm Oya'ESifhywfoufonfh t}uHay;r_axmufyHHhjcif;/ zsefajzr_ESifh

cHkorm"djzifhpD&ifjcif;qdkif&m acgif;aqmifoifwef;rsm; ay;jcif;/ xdkif;Oya'ESifhywfoufI

wkd;jrSifhoifwef;rsm;ay;jcif;/ vli,frsm;twGuf EkdifiHom;ESifhqkdifaomynma&;/

vHk+cHKa&;t&m&Sdrsm;ESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;twGufvdktyfaom taxmuftulypPnf;rsm;ESifh

enf;ynmrsm;axmufyhHjcif;/ Oya'ESifhf tcGifhta&;qdkif&mwdk@udk xkdif;vHk+cHKa&;vkyftm;

ay;rsm;odk@ oifwef;ay;jcif;ESifh pcef;twGif;&Sd w&m;pD&ifa&;qkdif&m aumfrwDtm;

vlr_todkif;t0dkif;zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufr_ESifh tpDtpOfwusaqmif&Guf ay;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;

aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf? odk@jzpfI Tvkyfief;wGif yg0ifvkyfudkif=u&ef urf;vSrf;ol

trsm;tjym;&Sdvm+yD; ‚[email protected];vSrf;r_vufcHvsuf pdwftm;xufoefpGm axmufyHhr_

wkd@ vkyfaqmifvsuf &Sdonf?

*sKdt,f [m'if; ([email protected])onf Oya'taxmuftuljyKXme.

Xmaeudk,fpm;vS,f jzpfonf? &Sdef;puJvHk; ([email protected]) onf EdkifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrwD/ xdkif;EdkifiH (www.theirc.org/where/the_irc_in_thailand.html). Oya'taxmuftuljyKXme.

refae*smjzpfonf? a&SmifvD;pf/ umpGef abum ESifh tkdifvDvif;rf wdk@onf

xkdXme. okawoetvkyfr_aqmiftjzpf aqmif&GufcJh=uonf?

1 ,cifutDwvDtpdk;&ESifhukvor~~'kQonfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk;rSaxmufyHhcJhonf? ,cktcg ukvor~ 'kQonfqdkif&m

r[mrif;=uD;&Hk;tjyif Austcare\DIAC =opa=w;vsvl0ifr_=uD;=uyfa&;ESifh EdkifiHom;owfrSwfa&;XmerS yl;aygif;axmufyHh=uonf?

w&m;0if

ulnD

axmufyHhr_

ay;tyf

onfh

XmecsKyf

vkyfief;

rsm;ESifh

xkdif;Oya'

tay:

wkd;jrSifh

owdrl

vmapa&;

u¾

aqG;aEG;yGJ/

r,fvpcef;/

xkdif;EkdifiH

IRC

staf

f


xkdif;EkdifiHwGifrjrif&ol umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;

vkdtyfcsufrSwfwrf;wifjcif; rm*&uf *&if;/ u&if *sufaumhbfqefESifh pENDykdif;

EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD International Rescue Committee (IRC) taeESifh EkdifiHwum umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh

oifhav#mfxkdufwefonfh xkdif;EkdifiHwGifaexkdif=uonfh jrefrmt&nftwGufrSm

odomxif&Sm;vSaomfvnf; ‚wkd@taeESifh ykHrSefrSwfykHwifpm&if; ay;oGif;a&;

vkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifcGifh r&&Sd=uay? xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;okd@ 0ifa&mufvmonfh

jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@twGuf =unfvifr_/ t=uifemw&m;ESifh jynfh0onfhckdv_HcGifhay;a&;rl

uif;rJhonfhtaetxm;wGif tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;wkd@jzifh jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufajy;I

0ifa&mufvmonfh 'kQonftkyfpktwGif; w&m;0if'kQonf&mckdifE_ef;owfrSwf&efrSm

jzpfE_difajcr&Sdonfh udPjzpfonf? rnfonfhtwGuf jrefrmekdifiHrSxGufajy;vm&o

nfqkdonfh ta=umif;jycsufrSwfwrf;rSwf&m csKd@wJhjcif;u xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@

tm; 'kQonfpcef;jyifywGifaexkdifonhf jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@tm; pD;yGm;a&;t&

0ifa&mufvmolrsm;taeESifhqufqHI jyefvnfESifxkwfcH&rnfh qifajcay;vkyfaqmifr_

wkd@tm; axmufyHhaeonf? xkdif;EkdifiHwGifaexkdifonfh jrefrmwkd@ESifh ywfoufI

tvkyfvkyfae=uonfh XmetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u ‚wkd@ukd,fpm; ukwftm;taeESifh

axmufcHay;&efrSmvnf; tm;enf;aeayonf?

1988 uwnf;u &mZ0wfr_=uL;vGef&ma&mufonfukd odvsufESifh cGifhðycsufr&&SdbJ

jrefrmEkdifiHom; wpfoef;ausmf EkdifiHwGif;rSxGufcGmcJh=uonf? uBmajray:&Sd zdESdyfnSOf;qJr_

trsm;qkH;EkdifiHxJ&Sd wpfckrS xGufajy;cJh=uonfjzpfaomf jim;vnf; xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd

jrefrmtrsm;pkwGif w&m;0iftodtrSwfðytqifhtwef; r&Sdjcif; odk@r[kwf ,m,D a&$@a

jymif;tvkyform;tqifhtwef;om&Sdjcif;wkd@jzifh aexkdif=u&onf? xkdif;tokdif;t0kdif;ESifh

a0;onfh tpGeftzsm;wkd@wGifaexkdif=uI r=umc% ro<ga=u;ay;I a&mif;pm;cH&jcif;ESifh

acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;wkd@tœ&m,f=um; vkHðcHr_r&Sdonfh taetxm;wGif aexkdif=u&onf?

vufrSwf taxmuftxm;r&Sdonfh EkdifiHjcm;om;tm;vkH; (ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;vkdtyfolrs

m;tygt0if) w&m;r0if ckd;0ifvmolrsm;' [k owfrSwfxm;onfh xkdif;EkdifiH. 1979

vl0ifr_ }uD;=uyfa&;Oya'yk'frt& ESifxkwfcH&rnfjzpfonf? xkdif;EkdifiH. jyif;xefonfh

ESifxkwfonfhrl0g'rsm;u 1951 oabmwlnDcsuftm; azmufzsufonfomru

EkdifiHtm;vkH;tm;csrSwfxm;I ckdv_Ha&;&SmazGoltm; tajctjrpf&Sdonfh tajctaewGif

ESdyfpufnSOf;yrf;cH&rnfpkd;&drf&onfh EkdifiHokd@r[kwf ykdifeufokd@ jyefykd@jcif;wm;jrpfxm;onfh

touftœ&m,fESifh vGwfvyfr_tm;csdef;ajcmufaeonfh ae&yftm; jyefvnfrykd@

aqmifa&; pnf;urf;ukdvnf; azmufzsufaeayonf?

tar&duef/ uae'g/ =opa=w;vs/ qGD'if/ aemfa0ESifh tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;u

jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;pGmwGif ,kH=unf&avmufI tajctjrpf&Sdonfh ESdyfpufnSOf;yrf;r_

wkd@tm; ekdifiHwum'kQonft"dy`g,fzGifhqkdr_t& jynfhpkHr_&SdI ckdv_HcGifhay;jcif;

okd@r[kwf a&$@ajymif;tajccscGifhðya&;wkd@twGuf qkH;jzwfxm;=uonf? okd@

aomf xkdif;tpkd;&u cGJjcm;owfrSwfr_ESifh 'kQonfrsm;tm;qufqHa&;wkd@tm;

EkdifiHwumw&m;0iftqifhtwef;rsm; twkdif;pDrHcef@cGJa&; vufcHtodtrSwfðya&;tm;

wGifwGifjiif;qkdaeI ,if;tpm; t&Htqifhtwef;ykHpHrsm;ESifh xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;ykdifeuf

usL;vGefr_tjzpf &_jrifjcif; okd@r[kwf owfrSwfcsufrsm;tjzpf trsKd;om;a&;

tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh qef@usifonhftaetxm;twkdif;tjzpfonf[k tjrif&Sdonf?

1951 oabmwlpmcsKyftm; xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifhvufrSwfxkd;xm;jcif;r&Sdonfomru

'kQonftjzpfowfrSwfa&; uef@owfcsufay;E_difonfh jynfxJa&;Oya'jyXmef;xm;&Sdr_

ESifh w&m;0if'kQonfwkd@wkd;yGm;vmrnfh tcGifhtvrf;ESifh udkfufnDonfh taumif

txnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;vnf;r&Sday? ‘ppfajy;’ jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@twGuf

‚.e,fpyfwavsmuf rnfumrwWjzpfonfh pcef;rsm;tm; wnfaqmufcGifh

ay;cJhaomfvnf; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif&Sdonfh q,fa,mufwpfa,mufyifr&Sdonfh

jrefrmvlrsKd;t&nftwGufavmufom xkdpcef;rsm;okd@0ifa&mufE_dif=uonf? pcef;rsm;u

wdusonfh vlenf;pktkyfpktm;vkH;ukd csefvSyfxm;I r#wr_enf;yg;I cGifhðya&;bkwftzGJ@

tm; vkyfykdifcGifhtjynfhESifh topfa&muf&Sdvmonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@tm; ppfaq;cGifhðyr_

rsm; aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf? uBmhukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;}uD;&kH; taeESifh

yk~Kdvfa&;owfrSwfqkH;jzwf aqmif&Gufonfh vlawG@ppfaq;r_wkd@tm; befaumufòrd@

awmfwGif ,cifu aqmif&GufcJhonfh uef@owfr_tajccHabmiftwGif;rS aqmif&Gufr_

rsKd;tm; vkyfukdifaqmif&GufcGifhr&awmhajc?

rSefuefwdusonfh tcsufjzifh ausmaxmufaemufcHtm;ay;r_rsm;twGif; IRC

taeESifh wmhzfpf wuUokdvfrS u&if *sufaumhbfqefESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_t&

xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf a'ookH;ck&Sd 'kQonfpcef;jyifywGif aexkdif=uonfh jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkd@

tay: pm&if;aumufcHr_wpfck csrSwfaqmif&GufcJhonf? xkda'orsm;rSm csif;rkdif

(Zif;r,f)/ r,fa[mifaqmifESifh rJaqmufa'owkd@jzpfonf? xkdaumufcHr_u

xkda'ookH;ck. arG;aopm&if;ESifh vlr_pD;yGm;a&; rl&if;tajctaewkd@. xif&Sm;uGJjym;r_

wkd@tm; azmfxkwfcJhonf? tvsOf;oifhovkderlemðyonfhenf;jzifh ajz=um;rnfholwkd@

tm;a&G;cs,fcJhI vlawG@tifwmAsL;rsm;tm;

(u) jrefrmEkdifiHrStawG@tñuH - tdrfrSxGufcGmcJh&onfhta=umif;/ yËdyQESifhpyfvsOf;onfh

&ufpufr_rsm;tm; awG@ñuH&jcif;&Sdr&SdESifh xkdif;EkdifiHokd@ra&muf&SdrD jrefrmEkdifiHwGif; ppfajy;

'kQonfjzpfcJh&jcif;&Sdr&SdESifh

(c) jrefrmjynfokd@jyefE_difa&; v_yf&Sm;vkyfaqmifr_rsm;/ vlom;jcif;pmemI

ay;tyfvmonfh tultnDrsm;&&Sdr_ESifh xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@. qufqHr_wkd@yg0ifonfh

xkdif;EkdifiHtawG@tñuHwkd@tm; ar;jref;cJhonf?

rdrdwkd@taeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufcGmvmcJh&jcif; twGuf ta=umif;jycsufrsm;tm;

av;ckcGJjcm;xm;onf?

yËdyQESifhqufEG,fonfh ta=umif;jycsuf ? ? wkduf&kduf okd@r[kwf �oG,f0kdufonfhenf;jzifh awG@ñuH&onfh &ufpufr_/ ESdyfpufnSOf;yrf;r_/

t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;r_ odk@r[kwf vufeufukdif yËdyQwkd@a=umifh?

pD;yGm;a&;ta=umif;jycsuf ? ? tvkyf&SmazG&efvma&mufjcif; �r#omjzpfonfh pD;yGm;a&;t&if;cHjy\ema=umifh?

ynma&; okd@r[kwf rdom;pka&; ta=umif;jycsuf ? ? aqGrsKd;rsm;&Sd&mokd@ �vkdufvmvkdonfhtwGuf jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufcJhjcif; odk@r[kwf ‚wkd@.

uav;rsm;ynma&;tcGifhta&; ar#mfvifhcsufa=umihf?

tjcm;ta=umif;jycsufrsm; (txufygudPrsm;rSvGJI) �

jrefrmEkdifiHrStawG@tñuHajzqkdoltrsm;pku xGufajy;cJh&jcif;ta=umif;&if;rsm;pGmukd ajymjycJh=uonf? xkdolwkd@

taeESifh yËdyQESifhqufEG,fonfh ta=umif;jycsufay;ygu rdrdwdk@taeESifh xkdyk~Kdvfwkd@.

pkd;&drfa=umuf&GH@r_tjzpf aumufcsufcsI r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh 'kQonfcGJjcm;owfrSwfr_

tpdwftykdif;tjzpf vufcHonf? prf;oyf ppfaq;ar;jref;csufrsm;

vkyfaqmifpOfwGif ajzqkdolrsm;u ‚[email protected]&;tjrifrsm; odk@r[kwf

wdusonfh jrefrmEkdifiHwGifvkyfaqmifcJhonfh v_yf &Sm;r_wkd@tm; etzod&SdoGm;I

usefcJhonfh rdom;pk0ifrsm;tm; 'kQay;rnfpkd;I ajzqkdcsifrS ajzqkdrnfjzpfonfukd

&Sif;vif;oabmaygufvmcJh&onf? Tacgif;pOf&Sd jznfhpGufcsufrsm; xnfhoGif;&mwGif

tajz&Smr_tm;wefbkd;wufaprnfjzpfaomfvnf; vlusifh0wftm; aoGz,fonfh E_dufE_d

ufc|wfc|wf oufaojyr_jzpfonf[k rSwf,lonf? TwGef@qkwfr_jzifh rdrdwkd@&&Sdonfh

tajzrsm;wdrf;acsmfum rdrdwkd@ajymapcsifonfh &ufpufr_ESifh yËdyQtawG@tñuHxuf

‚wkd@u ykdrkdtawG@tñuHykdrsm;onfhtajctae jzpfaeayrnf?

rdrdwkd@.&SmazGr_rsm;u xkdif;EkdifiHwGif w&m;0ifumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_wpfpkHw&mr&Sdonfh

jrefrmvlrsKd; t&nftwGufvGefrsm;aeI ‚wkd@. 'kQonftqifhtwef;tm;

pkHprf;ar;jref;&ef t=uHðycJhonf? xkd@jyif jrefrmvlOD;&nftenf;pkom ckdifvkHonfh

EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD IRC u xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpyfa'orsm;

wGifaexkdifonfh jrefrmvlrsKd;wkd@. tawG@tñuHrsm;tm; rSwfwrf;ðypk&ef

pm&if;aumufcHcsufwpfck csrSwfvkyfaqmifI ‚wkd@taeESifh 'kQonfrsm;tjzpf

EkdifiHwumumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh xkdufwefonfhtwkdif;tqtm;

tuJjzwfcJhonf?


'kQonftaxmuftxm;&SdI wqufwnf;jzpfonfh xkdif;tpkd;& odk@r[kwf

EkdifiHwumtultnDay; XmetzGJ@tpnf;wkd@. tultnDESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_

wkd@ukd trSefwu,f&&Sdol &Sdonf?

xkdawG@&Sdcsufwkd@u xif&Sm;onfhwkdif;&if;om;t&nftwGufESifh bmomt,l0g'rsm;u

xkdif;EkdifiHwGif ay:aygufaeonfh zdpD;ESdyfpufr_wkd@tm; &Snf=umpGm

=uHh=uhHcHae&a=umif; jyocJhonf? Oyrm - csif;rkdifrS ajzqkdol 64 &mckdifE_ef;u

‚wkd@. ,kH=unfonfhbmomw&m;rSm c&pf,efbmomjzpf=uonf? xifxif&Sm;&Sm;

yËdyQ.xdckdufr_cH&onfh a'orsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkd@taeESifh tumtuG,frJh

aexkdifcJh=u+yD;jzpfonfrSm xif&Sm;onf? a'ookH;ckpvkH;wGif trsm;pku jrefrmEkdifiHukd

pGef@cGmvm=u&onfh ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ta=umif;jycsufwkd@tm; ay;cJhonf? okd@

aomf rJa[mifaqmifESifh csif;rdkfifa'oESpfckpvkH;wGif ajzqkdol 50 &mckdifE_ef;ausmfu

apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_/ t"Rvkyftm;ay; okd@r[kwf zsufqD;cH&jcif; okd@r[kwf

oifhav#mfonfh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;wkd@tm; zdtm;ay;I twif;t=uyfa

jymif;vnf;vkyfckdif;jcif; okd@r[kwf ykdifqkdifr_wkd@tm; aESmuf,Sufodrf;,lr_wkd@a=umifh

xGufajy;vm&jcif;jzpfa=umif; ajymqkdcJh=uonf?

xkdif;EkdifiHokd@vma&muf&jcif;rSm wkdif;&if;om;ta&;ESifhywfoufaea=umif;xif&Sm;

onf? rJaqmufa'owGif ArmvlrsKd;trsm;pku pD;yGm;a&;t& e,fpyfjzwfausmf0if

a&mufcJh=ujcif;jzpfI xkdtxJrS 15 &mckdifE_ef;avmufom jrefrmjynfwGif;yËdyQESifh

qufEG,fI a&mufvm=ujcif;jzpfonf? tjcm; wkdif;&if;om; tkyfpkrsm;u

trsm;tm;jzifh yËdyQa=umifh[k om"ujycJh=uonf? a'owpfckjcif;wGif tu,fI ‚wkd@

ukd,fwkdifESifh tjcm;olrsm;tay:usL;vGefcJhonfh rsufjrifoufaotjzpf &ufpufr_

tawG@tñuHwkd@tm;azmfjycJhI tjcm;jyif;xefonfhn$efjycsuf

taeESifh ‚wkd@taeESifh 'kQonftumtuG,fay;tyfr_wkd@

ESifh xkdufwefa=umif; n$efjy=uonf? &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfr_.

ypfrSwfxm;cH&olrsm;taeESifh rJaqmufwGif 22 &mckdifE_ef;ESifh

r,fa[mifaqmifa'owGif 62 &mckdifElef; &Sdonfhtjyif

‚wkd@u EkdifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; ðyvkyfcJhonfhtwGufa=umifh[k

rSwf,lxm;=uonf?

xkdif;EkdifiHtawG@tñuHrsm;xkda'otm;vkH;rS ajzqkdolwkd@. rdom;pk0ifrsm;rSm ‚wkd@

ESifh twl&Sdae=uolrsm;jzpfonf? vlenf;pkomv#if

'kQonfpcef;rsm;twGif; aexkdif=uI a'owkdif;.

vlOD;a& 80 &mckdifE_ef;u rnfonfh ulnDapmufa&Smufr_

ukdr# &&Sdjcif;r&Sd=uay? jrefrmEkdifiHokd@ r=umc%jyefykd@

cH&rnfhta&;u tjcm;ajymqkd=uonfh Zmwdajrwkd@.

tajctaetay: a&$@ajymif;0ifa&mufcJholrsm;.

tajccHa=umuf&GH@r_jzpfonf? r,fa[mifaqmifESifh csif;rkdif&Sd

trsm;pkESifh rJaqmufa'o&Sd vlOD;&nf 52 &mckdifE_ef;u

vkH;0jyefoGm;&ef róud;pm;=uolrsm;jzpf=uonf? csif;rkdifwGif

ajzqkdol 38 &mckdifE_ef;u ‚wkd@jyefvkdonfhq&Sdonfhwkdif

jrefrmjynfokd@jyefoGm;&ef jzpfE_difajcr&Sda=umif; qkdcJh=uonf?

a&G;cs,fcGifh&Sdrnfh ckdifrmonfh&vm'frsm;twGuf

tusKd;pD;yGm;twkdif;twmqkdif&m óud;pm;r_

r,fa[mifaqmifESifh csif;rkdifwkd@rS ajzqkdolwkd@taeESifh

rnfonfha'ookd@jzpfap a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsvkdonfh

q&Sda=umif; azmfxkwfcJh=uonf? csif;rkdifwGif aemifvmrnfh

okH;ESpfwmtwGif; rnfonfhae&mwGif aexkdifvkda=umif;

ar;onfhtcg 44 &mckdifE_ef;u wwd,EkdifiHwpfckckwGifaexkdif

vkda=umif; ESifh 27 &mckdifE_ef;url xkdif;EkdifiHwGifomaevkd=uI

26 &mckdifE_ef;aom ajzqkdolwkd@u jrefrmekdifiHjyefvkda=umif;

ajymcJh=uonf?

t=uHðycsufjrefrmEkdifiHom;wkdif;. ukd,fawG@Zwfvrf;rsm;rSm &Sif;vif;pGm

uGJjym;jcm;em;=uonf? okd@aomf tawG@tñuHrsm;pGmwkd@wGif

wlnDonfh yËdyQa=umifh &ufpufr_/ ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfr_

wkd@a=umifh ae&yfjyefa&;twGuf pkd;&drfa=umuf&GH@=uonfh

csdef;ajcmufr_wkd@tm; a0iScJh=uonf? Ttvm;tvm&Sdonfh

'kQonfwkd@taeESifh EkdifiHwum'kQonftqifhtwef;

ESifhtnD vkHavmufonfh ulnDapmifha&Smufr_ &&Sd&ef

vkdtyfaeayonf? xkd@a=umifh IRC taeESifh atmufyg

t=uHðycsufwkd@tm; wifjyvkdonf?

EkdifiHwumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh apmifha&Smufr_ �rsm;tm; w&m;0if (vuf&SdtodtrSwfðyxm;jcif;r&Sdonfhwkdif) wkd;jrSifh

axmufyHhay;&rnfjzpfonf? xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh wpfOD;wnf;taejzifh

jrefrm'kQonfvlxktm; ykckH;xrf;wm0ef,lr_ ðy&rnfr[kwfay?

xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh (todtrSwfðycHxm;&jcif;r&Sdao;onfh) 'kQonfrsm;u �apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_/ zrf;qD;r_ESifh ae&yfjyefykd@cH&jcif;wkd@r&SdbJ r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh

apmifha&Smufr_wkd@tm; &&SdcHpm;&jcif; &Sdr&Sd wkd;jrSifh pDppfaqmif&Gufay;&ef?

xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh tœ&m,f&Sdonfh yk~KdvftaeESifh OD;pGm ckdv_HcGifh �awmif;qkda&; tcGifhta&;tm; yk~Kdvfa&;awmif;qkdcGifh ay;tyf+yD;onfhwkdif

w&m;r#wr_ESifh wifjyr_vkyfief;pOftwGif; ae&yfokd@jyefvnfykd@

aqmifjcif;rsm;tm; qufvufvkyfaqmifjcif;rðy&ef?

xkdif;EkdifiHu r#wI tcGifhtvrf;&Sdrnfh 'kQonfowfrSwfa&; �vkyfief;pOftm; yk~Kdvfa&;t&‚/ }uD;rm;onhftkyfpkt&‚ w&m;0if'kQo

nftjzpfqkH;jzwfa&;tm; vkyfaqmif taumiftxnfazmf&ef?

xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh todtrSwfðy+yD;'kQonfrsm;. w&m;0iftqifhtwef;tm; �csD;jrSifhxm;I xkdtqifhtwef;. oufaocHtaxmuftxm;ukd ay;tyfxm;&ef?

xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd

jrefrm

a&$@ajymif;

tvkyfor

wpfOD;

IRC-

MD

U


xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;&SmazGaeonfhjrefrmvlrsKd;

rsm; rnfonfht&yfokdh OD;wnf&rnfrod csrf;csrf;vDESifh tpPvm *vkdufpwm

tu,fI jrefrmppftm%modrf;tkyfpk. 2007 ckESpf pufwifbmv &efukef&Sd

+idrf;csrf;pGmqjyolrsm;tay: &ufpufpGmwkef@jyefcJhonfh &vm'ftaeESifh

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrS ckdv_HcGifh

&&Sda&;vkdvm;olrsm;twGuf pm&if;oGif;a&;udPrsm;tm; jyefvnfzGifhay;cJhonf?

ukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@.

awmif;qkdr_t& jrefrmEkdifiHrSrnfonfh ckdv_HcGifh&SmazGolESifh EkdifiHwum

umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_vkdvm;ol rnfol@ukdrqkd pm&if;ay;oGif;r_ &yfqkdif;xm;cJhonfh

xkdif;EkdifiHwGif;2005 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvrSpwifcJhonfh ESpfESpfwmuGufvyft+yD; Ttajct

aejzpfay:vmcJhjcif;yifjzpfonf?

2004 ckESpf ZEM0g&Dvwkdif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;u vkH;0

'kQonftodtrSwfðya&; qkH;jzwfr_ Refugee Status Determination (RSD) tm; jrefrm ckdv_HcGifh&SmazGolrsm;twGuf csrSwfE_difcJhonf? ckdv_HcGifh

ppfaq;a&;vkyfief;pOftm; t}uD;tus,fxdrf;odrf; =uyfrwfxm;vkdonfh

xkdif;tm%[email protected]& 2004 ckESpf ZEM0g&Dvaemufykdif; a&muf&Sdvmonfh

jrefrmEkdifiHrS ckdv_HcGifhav#mufxm;olrsm;taeESihf UNHCR ESifhom pm&if;ay;oGif;r_

ðyvkyfE_difI jzwfykdif;vufrSwf wpfckukd&&Sdxm;onf (xkdtcsdefrSpI ,cktcg

trsm;tm;jzifh ‘vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;olrsm;’ [lI &nfn$ef;ajymqkd=uonf)?

2005 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvuwnf;u a&muf&Sdvmolrsm;taeESifh pm&if;oGif;cGifhESifh

rnfonfhvufrSwfrsKd; okd@r[kwf tumtuG,fukdr# &&Sd&ef tcGifhtvrf;r&Sdawmhay?

,cifu vufrSwfukdifaqmifoltkyfpk okH;ck&SdcJhonf? befaumuftajcpkduf/

rJaqmuftajcpkdufESifh uefcsebl&Dc&kdiftajcpkduf'kQonf pkpkaygif; 10887 OD; &Sdonf?

2006 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif wmhcf c&kdif&Sd pcef;rsm;twGif;okd@ 'kQonfESpfaxmifausmf

a&$@ajymif;cHcJh&I pD&ifpk0ifcGifh}uD;=uyfa&;tzGJ@ Provincial Admissions Board (PAB) [kod=uonfh xkdif;ckdv_Ha&;vkyfief;pOftwGif; xnfhoGif;cH=u&onf?

okd@aomf vuf&Sd vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;=uolrsm; twGuf UNHCR ESifh

xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;. qufvuf aqG;aEG;r_rsm; &Sdaeaomfvnf; rnfol@ukdr#

pcef;twGif;okd@ a&$@ajymif;ay;jcif;r&Sdao;ay? 2004 ckESpfpykdif;rSpI ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;&SmazGa

eoltrsm;pktaeESifh tumtuG,frJh usef&Sdae&ayonf?

2007 ckESpf pufwifbmv 15 &ufae@wGif UNHCR u &efukefwGif qjyr_ESifh

ywfoufolrsm;twGuf pm&if;ay;oGif;r_rsm;tm; jyefvnfzGifhvSpfay;cJhonf?

okd@aomfvnf; ,cif vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;olrsm; tkyfpkuJhokd@

xkdvufrSwfopfrsm;taeESifh xkdif;EkdifiHwGif w&m;0iftodtrSwfðyr_r&&Sd

onfhjyif rnfonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;ukdr# tmrcHr_r&&SdcJhay? ‚wkd@taeESifh

UNHCR . rSwfykHwifpm&if; ay;oGif;xm;onf qkdonfhtaetxm;r#om

oufao&Sdonfhtaetxm;jzpfI UNHCR tm;ukd,fpm;ðyI xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@

tm; tzrf;tqD;rvkyf&ef okd@r[kwf ukdifaqmifxm;olwkd@tm; jyefI ESifrxkwf&ef

avmufom tenf;tusOf;vkyfE_difonfhtaetxm;jzpfonf?

vGefcJhonfhESpftenf;i,ftwGif; a&&_'kQonfXme Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) tygt0if EkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;olESifh

vufrSwfr&Sdolrsm;yg xyfwl 'kQonftodtrSwfðyr_&&Sda&;twGuf EkdifiHom;ppfaq;r_ESifh

e,fpyfa'owpfav#muf&Sd 'kQonfpcef;ukd;cktwGif; 0ifa&mufaexkdifcGifh&&Sda&;wkd@

tm; t=uHay;vkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? t=uHðyr_rsm;u xkdif;tpkd;&tm; xkdif;EkdifiHtwGif;

rSwfykHwifxm;onfh ckdv_HcGifhav#mufxm;olrsm;tm; ,m,DaexkdifcGifhðy&efESifh

ukvor~ESifh tjcm;u,fq,fa&;Xmersm;taeESifh xkdolrsm;tm; taxmuftul

ay;E_difa&; cGifhðyay;&efwkd@jzpfonf? UNHCR ESifh EkdifiHwumtzGJ@

tpnf;vufwpfqkwfpm. tm;ay;vkyfaqmifa&; óud;yrf;r_rsm;taeESifh uef@

owfxm;onfh tultnDay;r_wpkHw&mavmufudkom jznfhpnf;E_difcJh=uonf?

JRS ESifh EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD International Rescue Committee (IRC) . xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd vufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;onfh jrefrmrsm;.

tajctaeay: 2005 tpD&ifcHpm wGif 'kQonf 353OD;tm; yk~Kdvfa&;aumufcH&&Sdr_

rsm;t& tm;vkH;eD;yg; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif ESdyfpufnSOf;yrf;r_rsm;ESifhñuHawG@cJh+yD; ‚wkd@

taeESifh ae&yfokd@jyefygu jyif;xefonfh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_tœ&m,fwkd@ESifh

xyfrH&ifqkdif&E_difa=umif; awG@&Sd&onf? ‚wkd@taeESihf w&m;0iftaxmuftxm;r&Sdygu

xkdkif;tm%mykdifwkd@taeESifh w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tjzpf rSwf,lI

tzrf;cH&jcif;/ tcsKyfaESmifcH&jcif;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHokd@jyefykd@cH&jcif;wkd@ukd cH&rnfjzpfonf?

&yfwnfa&;twGuf xkdif;EkdifiHwGif w&m;r0if tvkyfvkyfjcif;wkd@tm; r=umc%acgif;ykHjz

wfcH&onfhtaetxm;wGif vkyfukdif&yfwnfaexkdif=u&onf? pcef;tajcpkduf'kQonfwkd@

ESifhuGJjym;pGm tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;wkd@. tajccHaxmufyHhr_wkd@tm; òrd@ay:ckdv_H

cGifh &&Sda&;vkdvm;olwkd@taeESifh &&Sd&ef rwwfE_difay? trsm;pktaeESifh vkHavmufonfh

ckdv_H&efae&mESifh tpm;taomuf r&&SdbJ r=umc%tzrf;cH&I ‚wkd@. aiGESifh ykdifqkdifr_

wkd@tm; odrf;qnf;oGm;jcif;cH=u&onf?

pufwifbmv_yf&Sm;olrsm;xH rSwfykHwifvufrSwfrsm;xkwfay;&ef

tqifoifhóudqkdcJhonf? Ttcsufu ppfrSefonfh ckdv_HcGifhav#mufxm;olrsm;taeESifh

,cktcg UNHCR ESifh xyfrHrSwfykHwifI tqkH;wGif; xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@u PAB

pepftm;toufoGif;um jrefrmckdv_HcGifh&SmazGolrsm;tm; ppfaq;qkH;jzwfrnf[k

ar#mfvifhcsufay;cJhonf? 1999 ckESpfwGifwnfaxmifcJhaomfvnf; PAB u vufawG@

wGif t}uD;tus,f tokH;rusjzpfcJhonf? Ttaetxm;u vuf&Sd'kQonfwkd@tm;

vufcHygu jrefrmEkdifiHrS xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmrnfholrsm;tm; qGJxkwfrnfhtajctaetm;

zefwD;E_difonfh pkd;&drfr_wpfpdwfwykdif;jzpfaeayonf?

xkdif;tm%mykdifrsm;ESifh uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;}uD;&kH;

(UNHCR) taeESifh wdusonfh tjzpftysufrsm;/ ae@pGJrsm;tay:

wpfpkHwpfOD;tm; pepfusw&m;r#wonfh ckHv_HcGifh&&Sda&;vkyfief;pOftm;

¹cGif;csufxm;onfh qef@usifaeonfh taetxm;wGif vuf&Sd ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;pepfu

usbrf;b0xufykdonfh rnfonfht&mukdr#ay;tyfrnfr[kwfay?

xkdif;EkdifiHu jyXmef;xm;onfhtcsdeftwkdif;twmtwGif; 'kQonfrsm;. �tqifhtwef;tm; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif; w&m;0ifðyvkyfay;&efESifh xkd@a=umifh ‚wkd@taeESifh

tqkH;wGif twnfwusaexkdifolrsm;ESifh EkdifiHom;rsm; tjzpfa&muf&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf?

rm*&uf *&if; a&mftef[kd@pf ([email protected]) onf

EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD. tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh tcGifhta&;,lepf (www.theirc.org) . tumtuG,f§w&m;a&;Xme. enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&mOd;aqmift=uHay;yk~Kd

vf jzpfonf? u&if *sufaumhbfqef ([email protected]) onf

zdef;pwdef; EkdifiHwumXmecsKyf. 'kQonfESifh ae&yfrSt"Rarmif;ESifxkwfr_ tumtuG,fay;a&;

pDrHcsuf. n$ef=um;a&;rSL;jzpfonf? pENDykdif; ([email protected]) onf xkdif;EkdifiH EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD (www.theirc.org/where/the_irc_in_thailand.html) . t=uHay;tusKd;aqmifjzpfygonf?

T ppfwrf;aumuf,lr_&vm'f tjynfhtpkHukd http://fic.tufts.edu/?pid=76 . tifwmeuftGefvkdif;wGif awG@E_difygonf?

IRC taeESifh okawoea&mif;&if;rsm;jzpf=uonfh *sLvD,m zpf&Smref;ESifh

vif'D 0kd&Srf;tjyif rdrdwkd@tokdif;t0kdif;&Sd vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;tm;

a=u;Zl;wif&Sda=umif;ESifh ‚wkd@ryg&Sdygu Tokawoeðycsufvkyfaqmifa&;rSm

jzpfE_difacs&Sdonfhtaetxm;r[kwfa=umif; 0efcHtyfygonf?


pufwifbmòzdcGif;r_aemufqufwGJtjzpf jrefrmEkdifiHrSxGufajy;vmonfh UNHCR

rS ,m,DvufrSwf xkwfay;xm;onfh ckdv_HcGifh&&Sda&;vkdvm;olrsm;twGuf/

rnfonfhtcsdef okd@r[kwf ‚wkd@taeESifh PAB rS pDppfa&;rsm;ðyvkyfaqmif&Gufay

;ray; wkd@rSm usdef;aor_r&Sdonfhtaetxm;jzifh ,ae@wkdif &Sdaeayonf? odk@aomf

vufrSwfukdif aqmifxm;olaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmESifh tjcm; rl0g'tajymif;tvnf;ESifh

‚wkd@. 'kQtajctaetm; EkdifiHwum. ta&;ay;r_wkd@ukd ar#mfvifhxm;=uolrsm;twGuf

UNHCR u ‚wkd@tm; apmifhqkdif;&rnfjzpfa=umif; &Sif;vif;pGm today;cJhonf?

tœ&m,ftaeESifh xkdif;tpkd;&u a&muf&Sdvmonfh vlopfwkd@tm; r=umrD

'kQonftjzpftodtrSwfðya&; pDppfaqmif&Gufapumrl jrefrmvufrSwfukdifaqmif

xm;olrsm;tkyfpkopf zefwD;jzpfay:vmOD;rnfjzpfI wm&SnfcHrnfh tajz&Smr_tay:

apmifhpm;ae=uonfh olrsm;. tvkyfaºuG; xyfrHjzpfay:OD;rnfjzpfonf? t}uD;qkH;aom

pkd;&drfr_rSm rSwfykHwifpm&if;ay;oGif;a&;vkyfief;pOfwGif yg0ifcGifhr&olrsm;ESifh xkd@

a=umifh rnfonhftumtuG,fESifh rnfonfh ckdv_HcGifhar#mfvifhcsufwkd@ukdr# ‚wkd@

twGuf &Sdrnfr[kwfjcif;yifjzpfonf? taxmuftxm;r&Sdonfh/ rvkdvm;onfh/

jzpfE_difajct}uD;tus,fr&Sdonfh xkdjrefrmvufrSwfukdifaqmifxm;olrsm;ESifh ckdv_HcGifh

&SmazGaeolrsm;u tpGeftzsm;a'orsm;wGif qufvuf aexkdifae=uayrnf? tu,fI

jrefrmEkdifiH&Sd pufwifbmv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; òzdcGif;r_vkyfaqmift+yD; xkdif;EkdifiHESifh EkdifiH

wumtokdif;t0kdif;taeESifh ‚[email protected];u w&m;ojzifhjzpfapa&;twGuf

xif&Sm;onfh wkd;wufr_ESifh ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh tem*wfwkd@tm;

OD;aqmifoGm;aprnfjzpfonf?

csrf;csrf;vD ([email protected]) onf owif;ESifhtm;ay;ulnDa&; t&m&Sdjzpf+yD;

tpPvm *vkdufpwm ([email protected]) u xkdif;EkdifiH a&&_'kQonfvkyfief;Xme

JRS (www.jrs.or.th) . rJaqmufpDrHudef; tusLd;aqmifjzpfonf?

1 2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbmv befaumufòrd@tajcpkduf UNHCR ESifh tDF;ar;tifwmeuf tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;r_

2 rnfonfhae&mokd@vSnfh&rnfrod/ a&&_'kQonfXmeESifh EkdifiHwumu,fq,fa&;aumfrDwD 2005 www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/RMOI-6E83HG?OpenDocument3 AD&m 'ef tkdwm. ‘xkdif;EkdifiH òrd@ay:&SdckHv_HcGifh&&Sda&;orm;rsm;ESifh 'kQonfrsm;/ FMR28 www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR28/27.pdf

1991 ckESpfwGif &kd[if*smrlqvif ESpfodef;cGJcef@onf b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&rS

'kQonfrsm;tjzpf vkHavmufonfh tajccHtaetxm;wGif todtrSwfðycHcJh&onf?

trsm;pkrSm xkdaemufykdif;ESpfrsm;twGif; b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&.jrefrmEkdifiHokd@ jyefykd@

jcif;ukdcHcJh&I ,cif'kQonfpcef; 20 rS ,cktcg pcef;ESpfckom usef&Sdawmhonf?

vGefcJhonfh 16 ESpfuwnf;u usef&Sdonfh cef@rSef;ajc &kd[if*sm ESpfaomif;ckESpfaxmifrSm

EkdifiH. awmifbuftpGefqkH;wGifwnf&Sdonfh aumufpfbZmòrd@teD; 'kQonfpcef;ESpfckwGif

aexkdif=uonf?

b*Fvm;a'h&Sftaejzifh 1951 ckESpf 'kQonftqifhtwef; pmcsKyfESifh TpmcsKyf.

1967 ckESpf nSdE_dif;csufrSwfwrf;wkd@tm; vufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif;r&Sdonfh tjyif

ckdv_HcGifhESifh 'kQonfa&;&mudPrsm;tay: Oya'jyXef;csufwpf&yf&yfukd csrSwf

vkyfaqmifjcif;vnf;r&SdcJhay? okd@aomfvnf; tpkd;&taeESifh 1991 ckESpfwGif

a&muf&Sdvmonfh&kd[if*smrsm;tm; 'kQonfrsm;tjzpftodtrSwfðyjcif; ukd

ukd,fwkdifpwifaqmif&GufcJh+yD; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; UNHCR ESifh ,ae@xufwkdif yl;aygif;tultnDay;aqmif&Gufr_rsm;&SdvmcJhonf?

b*Fvm;a'h&SftaeESifh vuf&Sd EkdifiHwumtcGifhta&; yËdnmOfpmcsKyfrsm; ESifh

xkH;wrf;rsm;tm; vufcHxm;onfrSm xif&Sm;um ‚.tajccHOya'abmiftwGif;

ukvor~. oabmwlpmcsKyftwkdif; tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef,laqmif&Gufr_wkd@

ukd xdrf;odrf;xm;onhftjyif EkdifiHe,fedrdwftwGif; EkdifiHom;r[kwfolrsm;tm;

w&m;0iftumtuG,fay;tyfr_vkyfaqmifonfukdawG@&onf ? tusKd;oufa&mufr_

taeESifh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHonf 'kQonfumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; tajccHvkyfief;rsm;

udktaxmuftyhHðyonfh EkdifiHwumOya'.t"duusaomtpdwftykdif;ukd

todtrSwfðyxm;jcif;yifjzpfonf?

'kQonftjzpftodtrSwfðyjcif;tm; ‚wkd@bmomvnfywfvkyfaqmif&ef

Oya'r&SdonfhtwGuf pHxm;r_rsm;t& umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;

vkyfief;rsm;tm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif aocsmonfh vkdufemaqmif&Gufr_ESifh

xdrf;odrf;r_rsm;vkyfaqmif&ef tcuftcJ&Sdayonf? &kd[if*sm'kQonfwkd@.

tajctaeonf qkH;jzwfcsufESifh vkdkdovkdvkyfaqmif&onfhvkyfief;rsm; ESifh

txl;apmifha&Smufr_ay;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif pdefac:r_wpf&yftjzpf vufawG@

jyaeayonf? 16 ESpf=umonfhwkdif &kd[if*sm'kQonfrsm;. vGwfvyfonfhv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;/

tvkyfvkyfukdifykdifcGifhESifh ynma&;tcGifhta&;rsm; tjyif ukd,ftm;ukd,fukd;cGifhESifh

ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; jiif;y,fxm;jcif;cHae&ayonf?

'kQonfrsm;rSm vkyftm;ctenf;i,fr#jzifh w&m;r0iftvkyfvkyfukdif=uonfh

ykef;&_d;uG,f&_d;v_yf&Sm;r_tajctaeokd@ twif;t"R wGef;ykd@jcif;cHae=u&onf?

wkd;wufr_tcGifhtvrf;/ avhvmoif=um;a&;ESifh ‚wkd@bmom ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfht

aetxm;okd@a&muf&Sdedkif&efóud;pm;cGifh ponfh tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; ydwfyifcHxm;&+yD;

'kQonfvkyftm;ay;q&mrsm; oifay;onfh oifcef;pmrsm;ESifh twef;rsm;ukd tuef@

towfjzifh vkyfaqmifae&onfjzpfjyD; todtrSwfjyKjcif;rcH&aomynma&;

pmoifcef;rsm;onfyif r=umao;ciftcsdeftxd wif;=uyfonfhabmiftwGif;rS

uefhowfxm;&Sdxm;onfjzpfonf?

b*Fvm;a'h&Sf&Sd ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taejzifh vufawG@e,fy,fESifh

EkdifiHwum umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t=um; uGm[csufrsm;

qufpyfr_&Sdap&ef tjyif;txeftm;ay;r_rsm;jzifh pHxm;csufrsm; wkd;wufjynfhrDap&ef

qGJaqmif&mwGif atmifjrifr_rsm;&SdcJhonf? EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJrsm;a=umifhEkdifiHaw

mftm; ta&;ay:tajctaera=ujimrD 2006 ckESpfwGif XmetaeESihf ,ciftpkd;&ESifh

vufawG@vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf xif&Sm;onfh oabmwlnDr_rsm;csrSwfedkifonftxd

atmifjrifcJhonf? vuf&Sd=um;jzwftpkd;&uvnf; 'kQonfrsm;ta&;vkyfaqmif&ef

tðyoabm vkdvm;onfh taetxm;jyaeonfukdawG@&onf?

avhvm&rnfhtcsuftaeESifh Tokd@ tpkd;&ESifh ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[m

rif;}uD;&kH;wkd@t=um; appyfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;.orkdif;rSwfwkdifwkd@onf

umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; ykHo¿meftm;ajymif;vJay;a&;ukd azmfaqmifay;jcif;yif

jzpfonfukdawG@&onf? ueOD; 2006 ckESpfwGif EkdifiHwumpHcsdefr_atmufwGif xkdtcsdefu

ckdv_Ha&;pcef;rsm;.qkd;&Gm;onfhtajctaeukd todtrSwfðyI uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm

;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;tm; 'kQonfckdv_Ha&;pcef;opfrsm;tm; aqmufvkyfcGifhðycJhonf?

1992 ckESpfuaqmufvkyfcJhaom ckdv_Ha&;pcef;rsm;tm; taetxm;ykHpHwrsKd;rsKd;jzifh

'kQonfrsm; twnfwus tajccsaexkdifrnfhta&; tm;ay;vkyfaqmifr_rsKd;

jzpfvmrnfukdpkd;&drfI ðyjyifxdrf;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmifa&;udPrsm;tay:

wif;usyfpGm qef@usifwm;qD;cJhonf? ,if; oabmwlnDr_&&Sduwnf;u uBmh

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; taeESifh &HykHaiGwkd;csJ@aumufcHr_

vkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifpGmaqmif&GufE_difvmum 'kQonfpcef;ESpfcktwGif;

wnfaqmufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd pwifvmedkifcJhonf? 2009 ckESpfrukefrD

jrefrmEkdifiH &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;&Sd &dk[if*sm'kQonfrsm;onf

[email protected] b*Fvm;a'h&SfwGifckdv_HcGifh&&ef ra&&monfh

tajctaewGifa&muf&Sdaeonf? okd@aomf r=umao;rDumvrsm;twGif; ta&;=uD;

aomxif&Sm;onfhwdk;wufrSKtaetxm;rsm;ukd awG@jrifae&onf?

b*Fvm;a'h&Sfa&muf &kd[if*smrsm;ESifh

'kQonftqifhtwef; yD,m y&kduf zD&D


UNHCR .

taxmuf

tyHhjzifh

aqmuf

xm;onfh

e&y&

'kuQonf

pcef;&Sd

tdrfopfrsm;

a&S@wGif

aqmhupm;

ae=uonfh

jrefrm

'kuQonf

uav;rsm;/

b*Fvm;a'h&Sf/

2008 ckESpf/

azaz:0g&Dv

pcef;ESpfckpvkH;wGif aexkdifpm;aomufa&;twGuf vkdtyfonfhtaxmuftyhHrsm;tm;vkH;

jynfhrDpGmaqmif&GufEdkifrnf[k ar#mfvifhxm;=uonf?

'kwd,t"duusonfh atmifjrifr_wpfckrSm b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGif yxrqkH;t=udrftjzpf

vkyfaqmifonfh uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. wwd,EkdifiHokd@

ajymif;a&$@tajccsaexkdifapa&;vkyfief;rSm tumtuG,fay;tyfr_/

ckdifrmonfhajz&Sif;csufwkd@jzifh taetxm;tcsKd@ odkhydkhaqmifay;cJhonf? 2006 ckESpfwGif

'kQonf 26 OD;tm; uae'gEkdifiHokd@ ajymif;a&$@ykd@aqmifay;EdkifcJh+yD; 2007 ckESpfwGif 79

OD;txd apv$wfay;E_difcJhonf? xkdajymif;a&$@tajccsaexkdifa&;oabmwlnDcsufrSm

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. tpkd;&tm; wpkHw&mpnf;&kH;r_jzifh t&

nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;oifwef;rsm;wkd;jrSifha&;ESifh ynma&;taxmuftulðyypPnf;rsm;

tm;jrSifhwifa&; cGifhðyay;&efjzpfonf? tusKd;quftaeESifh 2006 ckESpfwGif tpkd;&u

t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;oifwef;ESifh ausmif;rsm;wGifoifay;aeonfh twef;rsm;ukdyg

wkd;csJ@aqmif&Gufa&; vkyfief;rsm;cGifhðyay;&ef oabmwlcJhonf? Twkd;wufr_taeESifh

EkdifiHwumpHcsdeftm; rrSDonfhwkdif vrf;a=umif;rSefay:okd@ OD;wnfaeonfrSm

trSefyifjzpfonf? uae'gEkdfifiHokd@ yxrt}udrf ajymif;a&$@aexkdifapa&;vkyfief;rsm;

atmifjrifcJhpOfrSpI xkdta&;ay:umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_vkdtyfaeonfh

'kQonfrsm;twGuf ajymif;a&$@a&;udPrsm;wGif tjcm;pdwf0ifpm;onfht"duEkdifiH

rsm;ESifh qufvufndSE_dif;aqmif&GufE_difcJhonf? e,l;ZDvefESifh t*FvefEkdifiHwkd@u

2008 ckESpfwGif vma&mufrnfh 'kQonfrsm;tm; vufcH&ef ta=umif;jyefcJhonf?

xkd@xufykdonfh xif&Sm;onfhwu,fhwkd;wufr_rSm b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&u 2006

ckESpfwGif ukvor~qdkif&mtjcm;Xmersm;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;

'kQonfpcef;rsm;twGif; tem*wfwdk;wufa&;twGuf u|rf;usif&mvkyfaqmifrSL ESifh

ulnDr_rsm; udk0ifa&mufvkyfaqmifcGifh ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?

okd@aomfvnf; 'kQonfwkd@twGuf EkdifiHwumOya'rsm;atmuf&Sd

oifhav#mfonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;tm; aumif;rGefpGm &&SdcHpm;E_difjcif;r&Sdao;rSD

umvtwGif; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef tcsKd@enf;vrf;rsm;

vkdtyfaeayao;onf? b*Fvm; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;

}uD;&kH;taeESifh ‚[email protected];u¾t& vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif xkdudPrsm;ukd

taumiftxnfazmfa&; rjzpfedkifao;onfukd &Sif;vif;pGmajymqkdcJhonf?

16 ESpfwmumvtwGif; vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh vl@*k%foduQmwkd@twGuf

'kQonfumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; tajccHoabmw&m;ESifh zDvmqef@usifjzpfcJh+yD;

jyifyEkdifiHwkd@. tultnD wkd;wufr_r&SdonfukdomawG@&onf? b*Fvm;a'h&Sftpkd;&ESifh

tjcm;ta&;ygonfhEkdifiHrsm;t}um; &kd[if*smwkd@twGuf ckdifrmonfhtajctae

odkha&mufzdkh&ef aqG;aEG;nSdE_dif;r_aqmif&Gufa&;rsm; qufvufwnf&Sdaeayonf?

xkdaqG;aEG;r_. &v'frsm;tm;cef@rSef;a&;rSm tvGefapmaeayao;onf? okd@aomf tvGef@

tvGefaumif;rGefonfh tcsufrSm ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;ESifh tpkd;&

ESpfbufpvkH; &kd[if*sm'kQonfrsm;. tusOf;tusyftm; vkH;vkH;vsm;vsm;ajyvnfoGm;

onftxd &nf&SnftusKd;jzpfaprnfh &_axmifhrSajz&Sif;vkyfaqmifoGm;=u&ef oabmwl

nDr_&Sdae=ujcif;yifjzpfonf?

yD,m y&kduf zD&D Pia Prytz Phiri ([email protected]) onfb*Fvm;a'h&Sfqkdif&m uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;

}uD;&kH;ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf? (www.unhcr.org/country/bgd.htm).

pma&;olwifjyxm;onfh tjrifrSm ‚.yk~Kdvfa&;qkdif&mtjrifomjzpf+yD; uBmhukvor~'kQ

onfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; okd@r[kwf uBmhukvor~.tjriftm; ukd,fpm;rðyyg?

1 www.un.int/bangladesh/mission_arc/treaty_adherence.htm2 1972 tajccHOya'yk'fr 25/ 31 ESifh 32

UNH

CR/K

McK

inse

y


jrefrmedkifiH&Sd tjcm;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;uJhokd@ jyef@ESH@pGmjzpfyGm;aeaom

vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_rsm;a=umifh jrefrmEkdifiHtaemuf&kd;r

awmifwef;rsm;wGifaexkdif=uonfh axmifESifhcsDonfh csif;wkdif;&if;om;wkd@onfvnf;

‚[email protected]&Sif&yfwnfr_twGuf a'otoD;oD;wkd@xGufajy;cJh=u&onf? xkdif;EkdifiHu

jrefrm'kQonf trsm;pktm;vufcHonfhtcsdefwGif csif;vlrsKd;OD;a&rSm xkdif;EkdifiHwGif

tenf;tusOf;om&Sdonf? ,if;tpm; csif;wkdif;&if;om;trsm;pku tdd,ESifh

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHrsm;wGif cdkv_HcGifh&&Sd&ef&SmazGvkyfaqmif=uonf? xkda'owkd@wGif ‚wkd@

ESifh we,fwnf;om;jzpf=uonfh xkdif;EkdifiH&Sdcsif;vlrsKd;wkd@ESifhuGJjym;onfh pdefac:r_

rsm;ukd&ifqkdif=u&ayonf?

tdd,EkdifiHa&muf csif;'kQonfrsm;jrefrmEkdifiHrStdrfeD;csif; tdd,EkdifiHokd@ xGufajy;vmcJh=u&onfh csif;vlrsKd;trsm;pkonf

csif;awmifrsm;ESifhuyfv#uf&Sdonfh rDZkd&rfawmifwef;rsm;wGifaexkdifv#uf&Sd

=uonf? wdusonfhta&twGufukd qkH;jzwf&efrjzpfEd_ifaomfvnf; tif'kd-

jrefrme,fpyfwGif cef@rSef;ajc csif;vlrsKd; (6)aomif;rS (8) aomif;txdaexkdif=uonf?

vlOD;a&tenf;i,ftm;jzifh e,l;a'vD odk@OD;wnfaomc&D;pOf. ar#mfvifhcsufrSm

'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_udk&&Sd&efjzpfonf?

xkdESpfae&mpvkH;wGif csif;vlrsKd;wkd@tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_tenf;i,fomay;Ed_if

onfhtwGuf csif;'kQonfwkd@twGuf ae@pOfb0rSm cufcJ=urf;wrf;r_rsm;jzifh

pdwfysufp&mjzpfaeayonf?

tdd,EkdifiHtaeESifh 'kQonftqifhtwef;owfrSwfr_ESifhywfoufonfh 1991

nDvmcH okd@r[kwf 1967 ckESpf oabmwlusifh0wfwkd@ wGif oabmwlvufrSwf

a&;xkd;xm;jcif;r&SdonfhtwGuf tdd,EkdifiHwGifaexkdifonfh '[email protected];twGuf

w&m;0ifumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;pOf,E W&m;vnf;r&Sday? okd@aomfvnf;

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh csif;'kQonfrsm;tm; tdd,EkdifiHwGif

pm&if;oGif;jcif;/ todtrSwfðyjcif;ESifh a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd

qufvufaqmif&Gufay;v#uf&Sdonf? a'vDòrd@wGifaexkdifonfh csif; 1800 teufrS

1000 OD;onf ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;rS 'kQonftjzpftodtrSwfðyr_

tm; &&Sdxm;jyD;jzpfayonf? tjcm; csif;vlrsKd;wkd@. wifxm;onfh udP 300 rSmvnf;

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;u pm&if;oGif;xm;+yD;jzpfum 'kQonf

tjzpftodtrSwfðyvufcHa&;twGuf apmifhqkdif;v#uf&Sdonf? 2006 ESpfv,fwGif

ukvor~ 'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh csif;wkdif;&if;om;wkd@tm;

wwd,EkdifiHrsm;okd@ a&$@ajymif;tajccsEdlif&ef pwifaqmif&Gufay;cJhonf?

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD; &kH;rSwqifh 'kQonftjzpftodrSwfðycH&a&;rSm

tdd,EkdifiH&Sd csif;vlrsKd;tokdif;t0kdif;twGuf ykdrkdcufcJvmonf?

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh oGm;a&mufjcif;r&Sdonfh

rDZkd&rfa'owGif csif;vlrsKd;trsm;pkaexkdif

=uonf? tusKd;quftaeESifh rDZkd&rf&Sd

csif;vlrsKd;wkd@taeESifh a'vDokd@oGm;a&mufI

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;.

todtrSwfðyr_ukd&&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufa&;rSm

cufcJI tukeftusrsm;onfh tvkyfyifjzpfonf?

pm&if;0ifjzpf+yD;ygu ‚wkd@taeESifh a'vDwGif

aexkdif&yfwnfa&;cufcJrnf jzpfjyD;

,Ofaus;r_t&vnf; tH0if*GifusjzpfE_dif&ef

cJ,Of;rnfjzpfonf?

ykdIqkd;onfrSm ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m

r[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh csif;'kQonf

todtrSwfðya&;tm; uef@owfonfhtaeESifh

2007 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif taxGaxG

pm&if;oGif;jcif;tm; &yfqkdif;vkdufjcif;yif

jzpfonf? ,cktcgtxl;ta&;ay;jcif;

udPrsm; okd@r[kwf txl;ojzifh tm;EGJ@

olrsm;tjzpfowfrSwfxm;onfh

ukd,f0efaqmiftrsKd;orD;rsm;/

ouf }uD; &G,ftkdrsm;ESifh csnfheJ@

olrsm;omv#if pm&if;oGif;a&;udPtwGuf

w&m;0ifaqmif&Gufay;aeayonf?

‘txl;ta&;ay;jcif;udPr[kwfonfh

udPrsm;’ taeESifh taxGaxGpm&if;oGif;r_

jyefvnfzGifhvSpfonfhtcsdeftxd

apmifhqkdif;=u&rnfjzpfjyD; r=umawmhonfhumv

tenf;i,ftwGif;wGifvnf; xkdokd@jzpfvmrnfhtajctaer&Sday?

a'vD&Sdcsif;vlrsKd;twkd@taeESifh qif;&JiwfrGwfr_.&kdufcwfr_'%ftm; cHxm;&onfhtjyif

ukd,fwkdif&Sifoef&yfwnfa&;twGuf&kef;uefae&onfh a'ocHwkd@ESifhtòydif a'owGif;uef@

owfcsuf&Sdonfh t&if;tjrpfwkd@tay:&SmazG&yfwnfa&;rSm tvGefcufcJayonf? wae@

wjcm;wkd;wufvmonfh 'kQonfwkd@. vkdtyfcsufrsm;tm; ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;a&;twGuf

taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufae=uonfh vkyfazmfukdifzufrsm;ESifh

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD; &kH;taeESifh nSdE_dif;I b¾ma&;/ ynma&;ESifh us

ef;rma&;taxmuftyHhay;pDrHcsufvkyfief;uGef,ufwdk;wufa&;tm; vkyfaqmifcJhonf?

rlvwGif tcsdefwkdtwGif; pm;a&&dQmaxmufyHhr_tm; todtrSwfðyxm;+yD;jzpfonfh

'kQonfopfrsm;twGuf cGifhðyxm;ay;jcif;vnf;yg0ifonf? okd@aomf 2003 ckESpfwGif

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh ajcmufvt=umwGifaxmufyHhr_

tm; xuf0ufjzwfum wESpft=umwGif tm;vkH;zsufodrf;jcif;wkd@vkyfaqmifI

xkdaxmufyHhr_tm; pwif&kyfodrf;cJhonf? Trl0g'ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;tm;jzifh ukd,fhtm;

csif;'kQonftrsm;pkonf 'kQonfpcef;wpfckckwGif ajccsaexkdifjcif;r&SdbJ tdd,EkdifiHESifh

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwkd@&Sd òrd@ae'kQonf okd@r[kwf pm&Gufpmwrf;pm&if;rJh 'kQonfrsm;tjzpf

aexkdifae=uonf?

udk;cdk&mrJh tdd,ESifhrav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&muf csif;'kQonfrsm;atrD tvufZENm;

tdENd,&Sd

rDZkd&rf

a'owGif

aexkdif

vkyfukdif

ae=uonfh

‘csif;’

,uUef;

vkyfom;

rsm;

Amy

Alex

ande

r


ukd,fukd;jzpfEdlifajcr&Sdonfh a'vD'kQonftrsm;pk. wu,fhvufawG@&ifqkdifae&onfhb0

twGuf usqkH;jcif;taetxm;okd@ a&muf&SdapcJhonf?

'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taejzifh

'kQonftvkyform;rsm;tm; a'vDqif;&JwGif;abmifrSjrSifhwif ay;&ef

oabmwlnDcsufatmufwGif vpmjznfhpnf;a&;pDrHudef;wpfck yg0ifonf? okd@

aomf 2007 ckESpf =o*kwfvrSpI rnfonfhav#mufxm;oludkrS xkdpDrHudef;wGif

vufcHjcif;r&Sdawmhajc? wcsdefwnf;wGif jznfhpnf;a&;pDrHudef;. xdckdufr_rSm

'kwd,wef;pm;tvkyform;aps;uGufukdzefwD;ay;I tvkyf&Sifrsm;taeESifh

'kQonftvkyform;rsm;tm; vkyfcav#mhay;onfhtavhtxtm;

wkd;jrSifhvkyfukdifcJhayonf? ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;

}uD;&kH;. jznfhpGufay;tyfr_r&SdonfhtwGuf csif;tvkyform;rsm;taeESifh

wlnDonfhtvkyfjzpfaomfvnf; a'ocHvlxkxufykHrSefavsmhenf;onfh vkyfctm;

ar#mfvifhvkyfukdif=u&onf?

wwd,tultnDrSm vli,fhc&pf,eftoif;. tultnDjzpfonfh

ausmif;aeonfht&G,f 'kQonfuav;rsm;twGuf ynma&;tokH;pm;&dwfaxmufyHhr_

jzpfonf? okd@aomf TaxmufyHhaiGrSm tpkd;&ausmif;rsm;wufa&muf&ef

tajccHwGufcsufay;tyfonfhtwGuf 'kQonfuav;i,fwkd@twGuf cGifhðyr_pHESifh

rukdufnDoavmufjzpfaecJhonf? wcsdefwnf;wGif xkdaxmufyHhaiGrsm;onf

yk~vduausmif;pm;&dwftwGuf vkHavmufr_r&Sday? tusKd;quftaeESifh

uav;trsm;pkrSm ynmtqifhtwef;r&&SdbJ ausmif;rSxGuf&ayonf?

pwkˆtpDtpOftaejzifh a'vDwGifnHhjzif;onfh taetxkdifa=umifh 'kQonfrsm;cHpm;&onfh

usef;rma&;ESifh aq;0g;ukor_jy\emrsm;tm; &nf&G,fvkyfaqmifcsufjzpfonf?

bmompum;tcuftcJESifh jyif;xefonhf cGJjcm;qufqHr_wkd@u csif;vlemrsm;tm;

a'owGif;aq;&kHrsm;wGif ta&;ay: okd@r[kwf ykHrSefðypkukor_ &&Sda&;twGuf t[ef@

twm;jzpfonf? a'vDapwemhusef;rma&;tzGJ@tpnf;taeESifh a'vD&Sd 'kQonfrsm;tm;

tajccHusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm;ay;tyf&ef wm0ef,lcJhonf? okd@

aomf 2007 ckESpftpykdif;wGif xkdtzGJ@taeESifh aq;0g;ypPnf;vkHavmufr_r&Sdo

nfhtwGuf tultnD&yfwef@cJhonf? a'vDòrd@&Sd csif;'kQonfwkd@twGuf ,cktcg

usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_onf ‚wdkhtwGuf tvGefhtvGef aps;}uD;vSonf?

xkd@jyif a'ocHvlxkESifh qufqHa&;wif;rmr_u a'vDESifhrDZkd&rf&Sd csif;wkdif;&if;om;wkd@

twGuf }uD;us,fonfh twm;tqD;wpfckjzpfaeayao;onf? a'vDòrd@wGif

taxGaxGrvkHavmufr_a=umifh csif;vlrsKd;wkd@ESifh a'ocHvlxk=um; oabmuGJvGJr_rSm

xif&Sm;aeayonf? a'ocHrsm;ESifh &Sm;yg;ukefrsm; tòydifa&mif;0,f&onfhtay:

csif;vlrsKd;wkd@taeESifh armif;ESifxkwfcH&rnf/ ukd,fxdvufa&muf t=urf;zufr_rsm;/

tjcm;aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;jzpfrnfwkd@ukdawG;I t+rJ pkd;&drfxdwfvef@pGmaexkdif=u&onf?

ESdyfpufnSOf;yef;r_trsm;pkwkd@rSm txufokd@wifjyjcif;r&Sdjcif; okd@r[kwf Oya'jyXef;r_

tm;enf;onfhtay: wpfckr[kwfwpfckt& tjypfay;ta&;,lr_ r&Sdjcif;a=umifh

usL;vGefjzpfyGm;avh&Sdonf?

rDZkd&rfjynfe,fwGif rDZkdESifh csif;vlrsKd;wkd@onf rsKd;&kd;wlaomfvnf; cGJjcm;qufqHr_wkd@

jzifha&m¹yGef;aeonf? ,cifu rDZkd&rf&Sd EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;r[kwfaomfvnf;

tvGefvGrf;rkd;r_&Sdonfh t&yfom;tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfonfh i,f&G,fonfhrDZkdtoif;u

csif;vlrsKd;wkd@tm;ypfrSwfxm;I OD;aqmifqef@usifòzdcGif;cJhonfrsm;&Sdonf? 2003

ckESpfwGif i,f&G,fonfhrDZkdtoif;u csif;vlrsKd;axmifESifhcsDI jrefrmEkdifiHokd@

jyefoGm;&ef armif;xkwfcJhonfh t}uD;us,fqkH;tjzpftysuf jzpfyGm;cJhonf?

2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbmvwGif rDZkdESifhcsif;vlrsKd;wkd@. oabmxm;wif;rmr_

oufomapa&;twGuf jzpfE_difajc&SdpGmn$efjyonfhtaeESifh jrefrmEkdifiHwGif

EkdifiHa&;tajymif;tvJ vkyf&ef rDZkdwkd@u csif;wkd@ESifhtwl qjycJhonf? okd@

aomfvnf; csif;vlrsKd;wkd@taeESifh rDZkdwkd@u Oya'a=umif;t& ESifxkwfr_ESifh ae&yfokd@

twif;t"Rjyefykd@rnfwkd@tm; a=umufvef@aeqJjzpfonf?

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&mufcsif;'kQonfrsm;tdd,e,fpyfwav#muf tvGefrsm;jym;onfh wyfrsm;csxm;jcif;a=umifh

tdd,EkdifiHwGif;okd@ jzwfausmf0ifa&mufa&;twGuf jzpfay:vmrnfhtœ&m,ftm;

csif;vlrsKd;trsm;pku pkd;&drf=uonf? xkd@a=umifh a0;vHaomfjim;vnf; rav;&Sm;EkdifiHonf

csif;vlrsKd;wkd@qkdufa&muf&ma'owpfckjzpf vmI vuf&SdwGif 'kQonf 23000 cef@

vufcHxm;&ayonf?

tdd,EkdifiHuJhokd@ rav;&Sm;onf 'kQonftqifhtwef;owfrSwfr_ESifhywfoufonfh

1991 nDvmcH okd@r[kwf ‚. 1967 ckESpf oabmwlusifh0wfwkd@tm; vufrSwfa&;xkd;

xm;jcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif 2006 ESpfOD;ykdif;uwnf;u taxGaxGvufcHpm&if;oGif;a&;

vkyfief;pOftm; ydwfxm;cJhonf? rav;&Sm;EkdifiHokd@ csif;vlrsKd;wkd@qufvufI tpkvkduf

tðyHvkdufxGufcGmaejcif;a=umifh / csif;vlrsKd;wkd@taeESifh pm&if;oGif;

E_dif&efapmifhqkdif;ae&onfh tajctaewGifa&muf&SdvmonfukdawG@&onf?

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ESifh tusKd;jzpfxGef;r_rsm;&&Sd&ef

*wday;xm;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;.

pm;&if;0ifvufrSwfrsm;u tenf;qkH; wwd,EkdifiHwGifa&$@ajymif;tacscs&ef

ar#mfvifhcsufay;xm;onf?

csif;'kQonftrsm;pkrSm òrd@awmfuGmvmvefyl&Sd tvGefusOf;usyfonfh ae&mxkdifcif;wGif

qif;&JEGrf;yg;pGmaexkdif=u&onf? tcsKd@u vufctenf;i,fom&onfh v,f,m

vkyfief;vkyfukdifonfhae&mrsm;jzpfI a&ay;a0r_&&Sd&efcufcJum

tumtuG,fyPnf;rvkHavmufonfh òrd@hjyif ,m,Dpcef;rsm; okd@r[kwf a0;vHonfh

crD&Gefukef;jrifha'orsm;wGif aexkdif=uonf?

tm%mykdifwkd@. aESmuf,Sufapmfum;r_ESifh ESdyfpufnSnf;yrf;r_onf rav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&muf

csif;vlrsKd;wkd@twGuf aehpOftajctaerSefyifjzpfonf? ywf0ef;usifESifh vkyfief;cGif

rsm;tm;pD;eif;jcif;tjyif jynfolykdifae&mrsm;wGif vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;u

csnf;uyfI yk~Kdvfa&;csdef;ajcmufr_wkd@ðyvkyfavh&Sdonf? vmbfrxkd;Edlifygu odk@r[kwf

ray;csifygu tzrf;cH&jcif;/ tcsKyfaESmifcH&jcif;ESifh ae&yfodkhjyefykd@cH&jcif;ponfh

tœ&m,fwkd@&Sdonf? rav;&Sm;wGif tzrf;cH&onfh'kQonfrsm;taeESifh r=umc%qkdovkd

vlrsm;vGef;I roef@&Sif;onfh tcsKyfcef;rsm;twGif;xm;&Sdjcif; cH=u&onf? ‚wkd@

taeESifh r0a&pmESifh oufawmifhoufomr&Sdonfh taetxm;&&Sd=uonf? zsm;emr_

qkdonfrSm xkH;pHyifjzpfonf? tapmifhrsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;. aESmuf,Sufapmfum;r_ESifh

ukd,fxdvufa&muf ESdyfpufnSnf;yrf;r_tm; ae&mtES@H=um;=u&rnfjzpfonf?

rav;&Sm;wGif csif;'kQonfrsm;tm; tvkyfvkyfcGifhrðyonfhtjyif ‚wkd@

taeESifh omreftvkyfu¾rsm;okd@vnf; ESdrfcsykd@aqmifqufqHcH&onf?

tvkyf&&Sdxm;olrsm;taeESifh tvkyf&Sifrsm;. r=umc% acgif;ykHjzwf&ef

&nf&G,fvkyfaqmifjcif;ESifh rw&m;zdESdyfxm;onfhvkyfief;tajctaersm;

cHpm;&csdefwGif okH;ykHwykHavmufyifr&Sdonfh csif;vlrsKd;ta&twGufavmufom

tvkyftukdif&&Sd=uonf?

òrd@ay:ESifh awmwGif;'kQonfpcef;rsm;wGifaexkdifonfholwkd@twGuf

tajccHusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm;tm; a&G@vsm;aq;cef;rsm;rSwqifh

axmufyHhay;onf? trfrf tufpf tufzf Medecins Sans Frontières (MSF) trnf& aq;0g;taxmuftulay;tyfonfh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

tpnf;taeESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif axmufyHhr_vkyfief;rsm;tm; vma&mufvkyfukdifcJhI

vGefcJhonfhESpftpykdif;txd xkdaxmufyHhr_wkd@tm; r&kyfodrf;ciftcsdeftxd

bmomjyefrsm;axmufyHhay;jcif;/ aq;&kHwufonfh usef;rma&;ukefusr_pm;&dwf

jyefxkwfay;jcif;wkd@vkyfaqmifcJhonf?

ed*kH;csKyf&ufpufr_/ zdpD;ESdyfpufr_ESifh touftœ&m,fcsdef;ajcmufr_wkd@a=umifh csif;vlrsKd;

&maxmifcsDI xGufajy;=u&onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh }uD;rm;onfhtcuftcJESifh &ifqkdif&jcif;/

=urf;wrf;r_rsm;tm; =uHh=uhHcHI tœ&m,frsm;onfh pdefac:r_wkd@a=umifh wae&m&mwGif

cdkv_HcGifh&&Sd&efar#mfvifhcsufxm;&SdcJhonf? w&m;0iftodtrSwfðyr_rvkHavmufjcif;/

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. vufcHr_uef@owfxm;&Sdjcif;ESifh

tvkyftukdifESifh ynma&;axmufyHhr_&&Sd&ef cufcJjcif;/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_

rsm;ESifh vufcHE_difavmufonfh ae&mxkdifcif;&&Sd&ef rvG,fuljcif; wkd@tm; tdd,ESifh

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwkd@wGif ‚wkd@taeESifh awG@ñuH&ayonf? xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd ‚wkd@. jrefrmEkdifiHrS

nDtpfukdrsm;uJhokd@ tdd,EkdifiHESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHa&muf csif;wkdif;&if;om;wkd@taeESifh

wu,fhckdv_H&muif;rJhonfh taetxm;jzifh aexkdif=u&ayonf?

atrD tvufZENm; ([email protected]) onf

a&ShaejzpfI xkdif;EkdifiH Zif;r,fòrd@&Sd csif;vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@ (www.chro.org) . v_yf&Sm;r_tusKd;aqmifjzpfonf? csif;vl@tcGifhta&;tzGJ@taeESifh Taqmif;yg;

jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf &ufa&mpGmjzifh tcsdef/ ukd,fawG@Zwfvrf;rsm;ESifh tawG@

tñuHrsm; ajymjyay;cJh=uonfh csif;vlrsKd;pktm;vkH;tm; txl;a=u;Zl;wif&Sdygonf?


vlukeful;jcif; (,ae@acwfpm;aeonfh trsKd;orD;/ uav;rsm;ESifh trsdK;om;rsm;tm;

u|efðyukeful;aer_) onf wuBmvkH;wGif jzpfay:aeayonf? okd@aomf azmfjyedkifonfh

tuef@towftwkdif;twmtwGif; &&Sdxm;onfh tcsuftvufwkd@u ta&S@

awmiftm&Stm; txl;ojzifh r¾Kdifðyaeonf[k n$efjyaeonf? xkda'otwGif;

jrefrmEkdifiHonf xkdif;ESifh w&kwfEkdifiHESpfckpvkH;okd@ vlukeful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;rsm;.

t"duyif&if;EkdifiH jzpfaeayonf? ESpfpOf T'kp&kdufvkyfief;twGif; vlOD;a&rnfIrnfr#

om;aumiftjzpfusa&mufcJhonfukd rod&Sd&aomfvnf; cef@rSef;ajctwkdif;twmrSm

vlokH;axmifrS okH;aomif;twGif; a&mif;pm;jcif;cHae=u&ayonf?

tcsKd@olrsm;u jrefrmEkdifiHwGifT&mZ0wfr_tm; xdxda&mufa&mufajz&Sif;azmf

xkwfaqmif&GufE_dif&ef ar#mfvifhaumif; ar#mfvifh=uayrnf? qif;&JrGJawr_ESifhtwl

tvG,fwulukpm;r_rðyE_difao;onfh ‚ESifhqufEG,fonfh pD;yGm;a&;edrfhusr_wkd@

a=umifhomru vlukeful;jcif;rsm;tm;wkdufzsuf&mwGif vltcGifhta&;ESifh

Oya'av;pm;r_tygt0if tpkd;&[email protected];ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;wkd@. vkyfief;rsm;rSwqifh tzufzufrSaqmif&Gufr_rsm;ðyvkyf&efvnf;

vkdtyfayonf? tar&duefEkdifiHawmftpkd;&Xme. vlukeful;jcif;ESpfpOftpD&ifcHpm wGif

jrefrmEkdifiHtm; tqifh (3)wGifxm;I tpkd;&taeESifh vlukeful;jcif;udPrsm;tm;wifjy&

efysufuGufaecJhonf[kqkdum tedrfhqkH;tqifhowfrSwfcJhonf? r=umrDESpfrsm;twGif;

taxmuftulay;onfh tpkd;&rl0g'rsm;ESifhtwlvkyfaqmifaeonfh vlukeful;r_qef@

usifa&;0efxrf;rsm;tzGJ@i,ftaeESifhvnf; xif&Sm;wkd;wufonfh atmifjrifajymif;vJr_

wpfpkHw&m aqmif&Gufedkifjcif;r&Sdao;ay?

EkdifiHwpfckwnf;wGiftajcrðyonfh pepfwusvkyfaqmifaeonfh&mZ0wfr_qef@usifa&;

oabmwlnDcsufwGif vlukeful;jcif;tm; xif&Sm;onfh tajccHtcsufokH;ckyg0ifonfh

t"d`g,fzGifhqkdr_ðycJhonf? yxrtcsuftaejzifh yk~KdvfwpfOD;tm; vlopfpkaqmif;a&;/

o,f,lykd@aqmifa&; okd@r[kwf xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;wkd@rSm vlukeful;jcif;vkyfaqmifr_

jzpfonf? 'kwd,tcsufrSm tusyfukdifjcif; (t"Rapckdif;jcif;§t"Rcsdef;ajcmufjcif;)

okd@r[kwf jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifjcif;wkd@yg0ifvmygu vlukeful;jcif;[k

t"d`g,foufa&mufonf? wwd,tcsuft& vlukeful;jcif;&nf&G,fcsufrSm

vdifqufqHr_t& (okd@) tvkyform;rsm;tay:acgif;ykHjzwf tjrwfxkwfjcif;

vkyfaqmif&ef jzpfonf?1 rdrdfwkd@taeESifh TtcsufokH;ckpvkH;ESifhywfoufonfh

taetxm;xif&Sm;cJhygv#if vlukeful;jcif;[lIom okH;E_ef;ajymqkd=uayonf?2

Tt"d`g,fzGifhqkdcsuftm;tokH;ðyjcif;jzifh vlukeful;jcif;onf &Sif;vif;wdusonfh

&mZ0wfr_wpfck t+rJr[kwfonfukd awG@&ayrnf? vlwkd@taeESifh r=umc%‚wkd@

qtav#mufyg0ifvm=urnf/ tvkyform;tajctaersm;wGifyif ‚[email protected]_d

if;,SOfcsuft& vuf&Sdtaetxm;tay: acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;cH&onf[k

owfrSwf&aumif;owfrSwf&ayrnf? tjcm;wbufwGif vlwkd@

taeESifh vkyfctenf;i,fom&&Sdjcif;/ tvkyfcsdefykdvkyf&jcif; okd@r[kwf

,cifoabmwlnDcsufESifh qef@usifonfh vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm;wGif

xm;&SdcH&jcif;wkd@jzifh vSnfhjzm;jcif;cH&aumif;cH&rnf? Ttajctaersm;wGif ‚wkd@

taeESifh wpkHwOD;. twif;t=uyfapckdif;r_r&SdbJ qufvufaexkdifvkyfukdifaeygu

‚ukd w&m;0ifvlukeful;onf[k rqkdfedkifay? tjyeftvSeftm;jzifh vlwkd@taeESifh

tpyxrwGif rdrdbmom ul;oef;0ifa&mufvmjcif;jzpfedkifaomfvnf; aemufykdif;wGif

vlukeful;cH&onfhtaetxm;twGif; odkhoufqif;usa&muf=u&onf?

Tt"d`g,fzGifhqkdr_wkd@ukd w&m;0if vufawG@taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;onf

vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&; 0ifa&mufvkyfaqmifr_. t"dupdefac:r_wpfckyifjzpfonf?

rnfokd@yifjzpfap Taqmif&Gufr_onf trSefwu,fvkdtyfaeonfholwkd@twGuf

umuG,fr_ESifh tultnDrsm; vufcH&&Sdefedkifjcif;&Sdr&Sd aojcmpGm vkyfaqmif&rnfh

ta&;}uD;onfh vkyfief;yif jzpfonf?

0ifa&mufaexkdifjcif;ESifh vlukeful;jcif; a&mif;pm;cH&onfhykHo¾mefrsm;pGm&SdouJhokd@ vlwkd@taeESifh acgif;ykHjzwfcH&r_

ykHpHrsKd;pkH&Sdonf? tajccHtm;jzifh vlukeful;jcif;onf vlyk~KdvfwpfOD;jcif;tm;

qef@usifonfh &mZ0wfr_jzpfonf? tjcm;&mZ0wfr_.toGm;tvmuJhokd@

(Oyrm - vlowfr_/ rk'drf;r_/ jyefay;qGJr_) ‚tm; ðcHikHajymqkd&efcufonf?

rnfokd@qkdapumrl a&mif;tpm;cH&onfholrsm;/ tultnDay;onfhtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;ESifh Oya'ðyyk~Kdvfrsm;tygt0if w&m;cHrsm;tm; ukd,fawG@

ar;jref;csufrsm;ay:tajccHI jrefrmEkdifiH. vlukeful;r_vkyfief;ay:aygufvm

&jcif;wpfckvkH;. taetxm;rSm 0ifa&mufaexkdifvkyfukdifjcif;. wpkHw&m

rSm;,Gif;azmufjyefr_a=umifh[kqkd&rnfjzpfonf?

a&S;acwf ukefoG,fa&;tajccHvrf;a=umif;rsm;ay:wGif &Sdaeonfh

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jzwfausmf0ifa&mufr_rsm;ukd umv=umjrifhpGmawG@ae&onf?

,ae@tcg a'owGif; pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeuGm[r_u vli,frsm;tm;

ykdrkdwnfwHhonfhtem*gwftwGuf e,fpyfjzwfausmf0ifa&mufa&;vkyf

aqmif&ef rD;xkd;ay;aeayonf? T0ifa&mufr_trsm;pku vlukeful;jcif;rsm;

jzpfay:aponfr[kwfay? okd@aomf tcsKd@rSmrl 0ifa&mufr_ykHo¾mefqkd;qkd;&Gm;

&Gm;rSm;,Gif;r_ESifhñuHawG@&um ‚wkd@ukd,f‚wkd@ vlukeful;olwkd@. usm;oem;rS

EGm;csrf;omrnfhtajctaeokd@ a&muf&ayawmhonf? wcgw&H xkdolwkd@rSm ‚wkd@

tm; oabmwlnDxm;onfhae&yfokd@rykd@bJ tjcm;ae&mrsm;okd@ykd@ay;=uonfh

yGJpm;rsm;jzpfaeI/ wcgw&HwGifrl acgif;ykHjzwfapckdif;onfh tvkyfcGifrsm;Y

tusyfukdifckdif;ap=uonfh tvkyfrsm;jzpfae=uonf? owif;acgif;pOfrsm;pGmwGif

trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; vdift&tjrwfxkwfapmfum;I twif;tusyf jynfhwefqm

vkyfckdif;onfhtjzpftysufrsm;tm; avhvm&onfhwcsdefwnf;rSmyif

trsKd;orD;ESifh trsKd;om; yg0ifonfh puf&kHrsm;&Sd tvkyform;acgif;ykHjzwfjcif;vkyf

aqmifvlukeful;r_ (trsKd;om;rsm;ukdvnf; ig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm;okd@ykd@aqmifjcif;cH&)

tpD&ifcHcsufrsm;tm;awG@&onf?

tdrfwGif qif;&JwGif;eufr_ajyaysmufapjcif;Xm tcsKd@pdwfjrefvufjrefESifh

tjcm;a'orsm;okd@xGufIpGef@pm;jcif;onf wpkHw&majz&Sif;E_difrnfjzpfonf/

jzwfoef;a&$@ajymif;0ifxGufaeonfh jrefrmEkdifiHom;wkd@onf EkdifiHtwGif;tjyif

EkdifiHe,fpyfrsm;ukdjzwfausmfIv_yf&Sm;ouf0ifaeayonf? TonfrSm ‚wkd@.

tajctaetay:rlwnfonfh vkdtyfcsufwGef;tm;t&‚/ ykdrdkawmufyonfh

tem*wfar#mfvifhcsufrsm;.qGJtm;t&‚ wpfckr[kwfwpfckt&

jzpfyGm;v#uf&Sdonf? trsm;pktwGuf wpkHw&mjznfhpGrf;r_ay;edkifaomfvnf;

tcsdK@rSmrl T0ifa&mufr_tay: tjrwfxkwfjcif;rsm;/ rw&m;apmfum;r_rsm;/

a&m*ga0'emESifh toufqkH;&_H;onfhwkdif qkd;&Gm;onfhtajctaersm;ukd

&ifqkdif=u&onf?

vlŒtcGifhta&;aqmif&Gufrlrsm;jzpfyGm;aponfh

0ifa&mufaexkdifjcif;ESifhvlukeful;jcif; eDukdvwf0if;jrifh

xkdif;EkdifiH

befaumuf

òrd@&Sd

tpkd;&ykdif

bef@

c&uf

x&muef

&dyfomwGif

,cktcg

&kd;&m

vufr_

ynm

avhvmae

onfh

rw&m;

pD;yGm;a&;

vkyfief;

wpfckokd@

a&mif;pm;

cH&r_rS

vGwfajrmuf

vmonfh

jrefrm

trsKd;orD;

wpfOD;

Kay

Cher

nush

for t

he U

S St

ate

Dep

artm

ent.


odkhaomfvnf; rsm;pGmaomjzwfausmf0ifa&mufr_wkd@rSm rdrdtdrfwGif;&SdtcGifhtvrf; ESifh

EkdifiH&yfjcm;&SdtcGifhtvrf;ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;twGif; uGmjcm;csuftay: qif;&JrGJawr_

ESifhqufpyfonfh pD;yGm;a&;tqifrajyr_rsm;a=umifh jzpfay:vmonfhtodtjrif.

wGef;tm;ay;r_a=umifhjzpf&jcif;jzpfonf?

wm0efodpdwfjzifhvlukeful;jcif;qef@usifpGufzufaqmif&Gufa&;&nf&G,fcsufrSm ,if;v_yf

&Sm;aqmif&Gufr_ukd &yfwef@ypf&efr[kwfbJ vlukeful;r_udk&yfwef@ypfa&;omjzpfonf?

r=umrDESpfrsm;twGif; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tqkdygudPESifhpyfv#Of;onfh tm;wufp&m

ajymif;vnf;wkd;wufr_tcsKd@ukd awG@&onf? odomonfhwkd;wufr_rSm jzwfausmf

0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tm;vkHjcHKr_ay;tyfa&;tjyif a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tm;

ulnDaxmufyHhr_ay;a&; ESpfckpvkH;yifjzpfonf? 2005 ckESpf pufwifbmvwGif

Oya'ðyxm;onfh jrefrmEkdifiH. vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&;Oya'u w&m;pGJqkdcH&r_

rSuif;vGwfcGifh/ vkdtyfonfh Oya'a=umif;vrf;/ aiGa=u;ESifh aq;0g;taxmuftyHhwkd@

tygt0if a&mif;pm;cH&oltay: wdusonfh w&m;0iftumtuG,faxmufyhHr_

rsm;ay;tyfxm;onf? xkdOya'u &JESifh vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;t&m&Sdrsm;tm; a=umufvef@

jcif;rsm;tm; av#mhcsa&;rsm;vkyfaqmifr_ESifh wcsdefwnf;rSmyif cHpm;&olrsm;twGuf t

ultnDrsm;vufcH&&Sdapa&;vG,fulap&ef &nf&G,fxm;onf?

wcsdefwnf;rSmyif 2005 ckESpfrSpI umuG,fa&;v_H@aqmfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;tm;

ta0;ajy;um;*dwfrsm;wGif pwifaqmif&GufcJhonf? oifwef;ay;xm;onfh

oifwef;q&mrsm;u vlukeful;jcif;. tœ&m,frsm;omru tajccHtcGifhta&;rsm;/

tokH;0ifonfhtquftoG,frsm;ESifh t"duusonfhtokH;tE_H;rsm;ukdyg

tcsuftvufay;I ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmif=uonf? tpyxrwGif

&efukefywf0ef;usif um;*dwfrsm;wGif pwifcJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg

armfvòrdifòrd@ xkdif;EkdifiHe,fpyfokd@oGm;onfh ul;ajymif;um;*dwfwpfckwGifyg

wkd;csJhvkyfaqmifae+yDjzpfonf? vlukeful;onfhudPESifhywfoufonfh

AD'D,kdrsm;tm;jyojcif;/ vufurf;pmapmifrsm;ukd c&D;oGm;jynfolrsm;tm;

e,fpyfoGm;onfh um;rsm;ay:wGif a0iSjcif;wkd@vkyfaqmif=uonf? 2006 ckESpfwGif

Tv_yf&Sm;r_jzifh vloef;wpf0ufausmftm; ynmay;a&; vkyfaqmifE_difcJhonf?

jzwfausmf0ifa&mufoltm; vkHðcHr_&Sdapa&;aqmif&Gufr_ESifhtòydif

umuG,fa&;ESifh a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tm; tultnD&&Sdapa&;wkd;jrSifh&ef

óud;yrf;vkyfaqmifa&;rsm;rSmvnf; vkdtyfcsuf&Sdaeayao;onf? tmrcHcsufay;Edkifonfh

pwifvkyfaqmifr_wpfckrSm e,fjcm;qufqHa&;&kH;rsm;tm; (ukvor~ rl;,pfaq;0g;ESifh

&mZ0wfr_yaysmufa&;&kH; UN Offices on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) ESifhyl;aygif;I rl;,pfaq;0g;a&mif;0,fr_wkdufzsufa&; vkyfief;rsm;twGufzGifhvSpfcJhonfh&kH;

rsm;) ‚[email protected]; wkd;csJhum vlukeful;r_rsm;tm;vnf;umuG,fE_dif&ef

zGifhvSpfvkyfaqmifedkifjcif;jzpfonf?

Tvkyfief;wGif tajccHvkyfaqmifr_rSm pdrfh0ifvmedkifaome,fpyfrsm;rSjzwfausmf0if

a&muf vmonfholrsm;tm; wm;qD;&efr[kwfyJ tpkd;&Xmersm;. e,fpyfjzwfoef;a&;

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_jzifh a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tm; ae&yfokd@vkHðcHpdwfcspGmjyefvnfykd@

aqmifedkif&ef ulnDa&;yifjzpfonf? jzwfausmf0ifa&mufvmolrsm; ESpfbufe,fpyfrS

&JESifhvlr_a&;tultnDay;tyfonfht&m&Sdrsm;wkd@ESifh vkyfaqmif&mwGif

e,fjcm;qufqHa&;&kH;rsm;u ,cktcg a&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;tm; rlvae&yfXmaeokd@

ulnDykd@aqmifa&;rsm;tm; axmufyhHay;&efjzpfonf?

xkdc&D;pOftqkH;wGifvnf; a'ocHESifhEkdifiHwum tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;tm; xkda&mif;pm;cH&olrsm;twGuf ESpfodrfhynmay;aqG;aEG;jcif;/

aiGa=u;ESifhaq;0g;tultnD/ rdom;pktm;pkHprf;ay;jcif;tjyif toufarG;

0rf;ausmif;ynm oifwef;rsm;rSwqifh vkdtyfonfhulnDapmifha&Smufr_

rsm;tm; ykdrkdvkyfaqmifedkif&ef tm;ay;onfhtjyif xkdvkyfief;rsm;

vkyfaqmifedkif&ef vkdtyfonfhtajctaersm;ukdvnf; ay;tyfxm;onf?

vlr_tajccHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfh oifwef;jzifh a'ocHvlxktm;

xkdqufvufjzpfyGm;aeqJjzpfonfh vlukeful;r_rsm;tm; wkdufzsufa&;vkyfief;rsm;

wdk;jrSifhvkyfaqmif&ef vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ay;tyfxm;onf?

&&SdcJhonfhoifcef;pmrsm; ae&mtoD;oD;wGifjrkyfESHxm;onfh0efxrf;rsm; (vlxkwGif;pnf;&kH;a&;rSL;rsm;/

tpkd;&t&m&Sdrsm;/ ukvor~ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS 0efxrf;rsm;)

taeESifh Tpepftm;o,faqmifI ouf0iftaumiftxnfazmfedkifap&ef

vkyfaqmif=uonf? vlukeful;jcif;rsm;tm; azmfxkwf&ef t"duvkdtyfaeonfh

tajctaerSm jrefrmtpkd;&u Tjy\emtm;todtrSwfðyumuG,f

apmifha&Smuf&efESifh wpkHw&majz&Sif;r_vkyfaqmif&efq&Sda&;yifjzpfonf?

xkdtcsufESpfckpvkH;rSm ukvor~rSwqifh enf;ynmu|rf;usifolrsm;taxmuftyhH

jzifh rJacgifa'owGif;&Sd 6 EkdifiHtpkd;&rsm; taumiftxnfazmfaeonfh wkd;wufa&;

vkyfief;pOfESifhqufpyfonfh vkyfief;twkdif;twmwGifyg&SdI/ twlwuGyl;aygif;r_jzifh vl

ukeful;jcif;wkdufzsufa&;vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef uwdxm;cJh=uonf?

rJacgif vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&;yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking (COMMIT) [k

trnf&onfh Tvkyfief;pOftm; 2004 ckESpf atmufwkdbmvwGif uarBm'D;,m;/

w&kwf/ avm/ jrefrm/ xkdif;ESifh AD,uferfEkdifiHwkd@jzifh w&m;0ifpwifcJhonf?3

COMMIT u jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; zdtm;ay;aeaomjy\emjzpfonfh

vlukeful;jcif;tm; w&m;0iftodtrSwfðyjcif;wnf;omru jrefrmEkdifiHtm;

a'otzGJ@0ifEkdifiHtjzpfxnfhoGif;xm;um xdkjy\emtm; wifjy&efESifh

ajz&Sif;vkyfaqmif&efjzpfonf?

T COMMIT vkyfief;pOfonf a'owGif;&Sdtpkd;&t&m&Sdrsm;twGif; qufoG,fr_

uGef&ufwnfaxmifay;xm;um ‚[email protected]@tñuHrsm;tm;r#a0jcif;tjyif

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif rlvuwnf;ucsrSwfxm;onfh toifhawmfqkH;EkdifiHwum vkyfaqmifr_

wkd@tm; aqmif&Gufjcif;jzpfonf? ‚tcsufonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif; tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;ESifh ukvor~Xmersm;twGuf vlukeful;r_rsm;qef@usifa&;aqmif&Guf&mwGif

vkdtyfonfhtaetxm;tm; ay;tyfxm;ayonf? xkd@jyif vlukeful;r_umuG,f&ef

tpkd;&udk ulnDaxmufyHhjcif; tygt0if ta0;a'orSa&mif;pm;jcif;cH&oltm;

umuG,f&efjzpfonf? aemufqkH;taeESifh xkd 6 EkdifiHtwGif; rnfonhftpkd;&u

vlukeful;r_wkdufzsufa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd t&Sdeft[kefjrSifhxdrf;odrf; aqmif&Gufaeonfukd

tpkd;&rsm;tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif xnfhoGif;oHk;oyfvkyfaqmifjcif; jzifh vlukeful;r_

wkdufzsufa&;udPtay: yl;aygif;aqmif&GufEkdifcJh=uonf?

Tvkyfaqmifr_wkd@onf wkd;wufr_wkd@tm; (trsm;pk+yD;pD;&efvkdtyfae)

tm;ay;aeayonf? jrefrmEkdifiHwGif vlukeful;jcif;qef@usifa&;a&ShwGif pdefac:r_

tenf;qkH; okH;&yf&Sdonf? ‚wkd@rSm -

tultnDtrSefwu,fvkdtyfaeonfholrsm;xHokd@ tultnD �wkduf&kdufa&muf&Sdjcif;&Sdr&Sd aocsmatmifvkyfaqmifa&;?

xda&mufonfh 0ifa&mufumuG,fvkyfaqmifr_jzifh vlukeful;cH&olrsm;OD;a&av#mh �csjcif;? ( tumtuG,fay;r_onf o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;vrf;a=umif;rsm;wav#muf

(okd@) e,fpyfòrd@rsm;ESifh ‚a'orsm;=um;&Sd &nfrSef;xm;&mae&mrsm;odkh

OD;wnfcsuftwkdif;a&mufra&muf qufvufI tajctwifaqG;aEG;jcif;?)

vlukeful;r_qef@usifv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm;csOf;uyfvkyfaqmif&mwGifjzpfajrmufjcif �;&Sdr&SdnSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? (ukvor~Xmersm;ESifh ðyvkyfcH&olrsm;apmifha&Smuf

a&;Xmersm; xHrS t=uHnm%f&&Sda&;twGuf jrefrmtpkd;&taejzifh ta&;,l

aqmif&Gufr_rsm;vkyfaqmifE_dif&ef EkdifiHawmfpDrHudef; rl=urf;a&;qGJae+yDjzpfonf?)

vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&;rsm;wGif vkyfaqmif&efvkdtyfonhftcsufrsm;pGmusef&Sd

aeayonf? xkd@tjyif vuf&Sd wkd;wufr_rSmvnf; +yD;jynfhpkHonfhtaetxm;ESifh

a0;uGmv#uf&Sdaeayao;onf? rnfokd@qkdapumrl vlr_a&;apmifha&Smufr_

tultnDay;tyfolrsm;taeESifh pDrHudef;vkyfaqmifa&;pdefac:r_ESifh

EkdifiHa&;tajctaersm;tm; &ifqkdif&onfhae&mwGif vlukeful;r_qef@usifa&;v_yf

&Sm;r_ajcvSrf;rsm;onf ar#mfvifhcsuftvif;wef;wpfckjzpfonf? vlukeful;r_qef@

usifa&;onf tdyfcsftkdifAD (attkdif'Dtufpf) wkdufzsufa&;jzpfouJhokd@ vmwfpm;r_

qefhusifa&;ESifh pepfwuspDpOfxm;onfh&mZ0wfr_wkdufzsufa&;vnf;jzpfayonf?

ykdIta&;}uD;onfhtcsufrSm vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;twGufwkdufyGJ jzpfaoma=umifh

udk,fydkifvGwfvyfcGifhESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;twGufvnf;jzpfonf? wkd;wufr_rSm

aES;auG;aumif;aES;auG;ayrnf? ao;i,faumif;ao;i,fayrnf? okd@aomf

trSwfwrJhxm;onfht&m rjzpfoifhonfrSm taotcsmyifjzpfonf?

eDukdvwf0if;jrifhonf jrefrmEkdifiHwGif 2003 ckESpfrS 2007 ckESpftxd tvkyfvkyfukdifcJhonf?

r=umrDu rJacgiftxl;a'o ukvor~EkdifiHwumXmevlukeful;r_wkdufzsufa&;pDrHudef; UN Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking in the Greater Mekong-Subregion (UNIAP www.no-trafficking.org) wGifwm0ef,lcJhaom yk~Kdvfjzpfonf? Taqmif;yg;onf

yk~Kdvfa&;t& aqmif&GufedkifcJhonfhtaetxm;jzifh a&;om;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?

xkd@a=umifhukvor~. tjrifESifh &_axmifhrsm;tm; ukd,fpm;rðyyg?


2007 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmv 25 &ufae@wGif &kd[if*smOD;&nf 240 avmuftm;

rav;&Sm;EkdifiHokd@ vlarSmifckd ckd;xkwfvmonfh ig;zrf;oabFmwpfpD;ESifh ul;wkd@

avSESpfpD;wkd@onf b*Fvm;yifv,fauG@twGif; epfjrKyfoGm;cJhonf? vl 80

avmuftoufraousef&SdcJhI tjcm;yk~Kdvftm;vkH;wkd@ a&epfaoqkH;cJh=uonf?

wywft=umwGif tjcm;avSxyfjrKyfjyefI tqkdt& jrefrmha&wyfu ypfcwf

ESpf¹r_yfcJhjcif;[kod&onf? vlOD;&nf 150 avmuf aornf[k,kH=unf&onf?

&kd[if*smrsm;pGmtaeESifh zdESdyfr_/ cGJjcm;qufqHr_ESifh tvGef@tvGefqkd;&Gm;onfh

qif;&JiwfrGwfr_wkd@rS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tœ&m,fa&m¹yGef;aeonfh

yifv,fjyifc&D;tm; xGufcGma&;twGuf avSoabFmay:wuf&ef

tqifoifhjzpfae=uonf? 2008 ckESpf rwfv 3 &ufae@wGif oD&dvuFma&wyfu

tif*sifysufI tdd,ork'&mwGif 22 &ufcef@arsmaeonfhavSrS &kd[if*smtrsm;pkygonfh

c&D;oGm; 71a,muftm; u,fq,fcJhonf? ta,mufESpfq,frSm iwfjywfr_

ESifh cœmukd,fwGif;a&"mwfukefqkH;r_a=umifh vrf;wGifaoqkH;cJh+yD;jzpfonf ?

tm&uefpDrHudef;tzGJ@ The Arakan Project u 2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbm

a&a=umif;oGm;vma&;umvrS vuf&Sdumvtxd vlOD;&nf 5000 tygt0if 2006

ckESpf atmufwkdbmvrS 2008 rwfvv,ftxd avSvkdufol 8000 ausmfcef@

b*Fvm;urf;ajcrS xkdif;EkdifiHESifh rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwkd@okd@ xGufcGmoGm;=uonf[k cef@

rSef;cJhonf?

xkd&kd[if*smwkd@rSm t&nftwGuftm;jzifh 725000 cef@&Sd b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHESifh

ab;csif;uyfvsufwnf&Sdonfh &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;wGiftajccsaexkdif=u onfh

rlqvifvlenf;pk vlrsKd;pkjzpfonf? wkdif;&if;om;/ bmompum;ESifh bmomw&m;wkd@.

qufEG,fr_t& ppfwaumif;bef*gvDvlrsKd;wkd@ESifh qufEG,fywfoufonf? &kd[if*smwkd@

taeESifh 1982 ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiHom;Oya' a=umifh EkdifiHrJhrsm;b0 a&mufcJh=u&onf?

xkdtcsdefrSpI ‚[email protected]_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tay: cGJjcm;qufqHa&;vkyfaqmifr_rsm;/

vufxyf&eftwGuf txl;cGifhðyr_vkdtyfcsuf/ ajr,modrf;ykdufcH&jcif;/

t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;r_ESifh xif&mjrif&mtcGefaumuf cHjcif;tjyif usef;rma&;ESifh

ynma&;axmufyHhr_rsm;tm; vpfvsL&_cH&jcif;ponfh jyif;xefonfhcsKyfcs,fr_rsm;

tygt0if ‚wkd@tm;qef@usifvkyfaqmifaeonfh qkd;&Gm;onfh vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufr_

rsm;tm; &ifqkdifñuHawG@=u&ayonf?

b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHonf 1978 wGifwpf}udrf 1991-92 wGif

wpf}udrf &kd[if*sm'kQonfpkpkaygif; 250000 wkd@

tpkvkdufxGufcGmr_ESpf}udrfpvkH;. a&muf&Sd&mt&yfjzpfcJh+yD;

t}udrfwkdif; EkdifxufpD;eif; csrSwfvkyfaqmifr_atmuf

ae&yfa'ojyefykd@cH&r_aemufqufwGJ jzpfyGm;cJhonf? ,cktcg

b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;

}uD;&kH;.}uD;=uyfr_atmuf&Sd w&m;0if'kQonfpcef;ESpfckwGif

'kQonf 26000 cef@usef&Sdaeayonf? jyefykd@cH&+yD;aemufykdif;

'kwd,t}udrfxyfrHxGufajy;a&muf&Sdvmonfh

'kQonfrsm;pGmyg0ifonfh cef@rSef;ajc 'kQonfESpfodef;wkd@

onf wUeAfòrd@teD;&Sd aus;&Gmrsm;ESifh pcef;jyify&Sd òrd@

pGefusL;ausmf&yfuGufrsm; okd@r[kwf w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh

,m,DokH;pcef;rsm;wGif vlom;csif;pmemonfh

taxmuftyHhESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ tenf;i,f (okd@)

vkH;0r&&Sdonfh taetxm;twGif; ra&r&maexkdif=u&onf?

b*Fvm;a'h&SfxufausmfvGefIjzpfay:ae onfh

&kd[if*smwkd@0ifa&mufvmr_rsm;onf txl;tqef;r[kwfay?

q,fpkESpfrsm;pGmtwGif; vlarSmifckdukefonfrsm;u &kd[if*smwkd@

tm; ‚wkd@trsm;pktaeESifh ,m,DaexkdifcGifh&&Sdonfh

aqmf'Dtma&As/ yguPwefESifh tm&yfapmfbGm;jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH

(,lattD;) EkdifiHwkd@okd@ ykd@ay;ae=uonf? aqmf'Dtma&Asu

ykdrkdoGm;a&muf&ef ESpfoufonfh a&muf&Sd&mjzpfaomfvnf;

2005 ckESpfukefwGif rav;&Sm;EkdifiH uGmvmvrfylòrd@&Sd

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;

}uD;&kH;taeESifh &kd[if*sm aomif;wpfaxmiftm;

,m,DumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_ ay;tyfpm&if;oGif;ay;cJhonf?

b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH&Sd c&D;oGm;at;*sifhrsm;u ‘b*Fvm;

a'h&SfEkdifiHul;vufrSwfrsm;’/ [wfcs okd@r[kwf trf&m jynf0ifcGifhADZmrsm;tjyif

av,mOfvufrSwfrsm;ukdygpDpOfI rUmòrd@odk@oGm;a&muf&ef vkyfaqmifay;=uonf?

c&D;pOftwGuf ,cifa&muf&Sdtajccsaexkdif=uonfh a&$@ajymif;aexkdifrnfholwkd@.

aqGrsKd;om;csif;wkd@u tukeftuscHay;=uonf?

,cifESpfrsm;u avSrsm;pGmu &kd[if*smwkd@tm; xkdif;EkdifiHrSwqifh

rav;&Sm;okd@o,f,lykd@aqmifay;cJh=uonf? okd@aomf pOf;pm;p&mjzpfavmufatmif

avSrsm;t&nftwGufazmif;yGr_jzpfvmcJhonf? &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;&Sdvl@

tcGifh ta&;tajctaersm; qufwkdufwGef;xkwfonfhu¾ jzpfvmpOfwGif

Txkd;wufjrifhrm;vmonfh avSvkdufolOD;&nftay: odomxif&Sm;onfh

ykdrkdqkd;0g;r_tm; &Sif;jyE_difonfh taetxm; r&Sdaomfvnf; a&maxG;aeonfh

taetxm;rsm;pGmjzifh vlwkd@tm;qGJxkwfaeonfhu¾rSm tawmfav;&Sdaeayonf?

2005 ckESpf tPvrftpGef;a&[email protected];azmufcGJa&;v_H@aqmfrl

rsm;t& b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwGif vkHðcHa&;wif;=uyfr_twkdif;twmrsm;tm;

taumiftxnfazmfcJhjcif;u b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHul;vufrSwfrsm;tm; 0,f,l&ef

tvGeftrif; tcuftcJjzpfapcJhonf? Ttcsufu aqmf'Dtma&AD;,m;tkyfcsKyf

a&;wGif jynf0ifcGifhADZmay;a&;ESifh avqdyfwGif vl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&; xdrf;csKyfr_

Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh wkdufqkdifwif;=uyfcJhonf? tjcm; rwluGJjym;onfh

0ifa&muftajc csa&;vrf;a=umif;rsm;rSm ,cktcg &kd[if*smwkd@twGuf

ydwfvkeD;tajctaejzpfae+yD;/0 rav;&Sm;EkdifiHu rlqvifwkd@twGuf

vuf&SdtajctaewGif vufcHE_difonfhtajctaejzpfonfhtjyif yifv,fc&D;&Snfu

b*Fvm;a'hESifh jrefrmEkdifiHrS c&D;oGm;vufrSwfrvkdtyfbJ xGufcGmE_difonfh

wpfckwnf;aom a&G;cs,fr_jzpfonf?

rav;&Sm; - t"duOD;wnfcsuf

EkdifiHrJh&kd[if*smaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmwkd@onf rav;&Sm;wGif omvGefaumif;

rGefonfhb0tdyfruft& jrefrmEkdifiHESifh b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiHwkd@rS

xGufcGma&;vkyfaqmifae=uonf?

tm&S. opfvGifonfh avSvkdufolrsm;c&pf(pf) vD0g

xkdif;EkdifiH

wGif

tzrf;cHcJh

&onfh

avSvkduf

olrsm;/

2008 ckESpf

GH

RE w

ww.

ghre

.org


2006 ckESpf =o*kwfvwGif rav;&Sm;EkdifiHu &kd[if*smwkd@twGuf aexkdifvkyfukdifcGifh

cGifhjyKcsufwkd@tm; pwifI pm&if;ay;oGif;cJhonf? twkta,mifrsm;tjzpfpGyfpGJr_wkd@u

xkdvkyfief;pOftm; qkdif;ihHapcJhaomfvnf; wkd;wufonfh pD;yGm;a&;ywf0ef;usif

taexm;tay:wGif pm&if;oGif;jcif;ESifh tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;wkd@u

&ckdifjynfe,fajrmufydkif;ESifh b*Fvm;a'h&Sf&Sd &kd[if*smrsm;t=um; aumv[mvwkd@ukd

awmrD;uJhokd@ jyef@ESH@apcJhonf?

&ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;&Sd a'ocH vlarSmifckdr_ESifh vlpkaqmif;a&;uGef,ufrsm;wkd@

jrefqefpGmaqmv#ifpGm ay:aygufvmcJhonf? a&S@vmrnfhyk~Kdvfwkd@twGuf

oabmwlnDr_ESpfckwkd@ay;tyfcJhonf? tar&duefa':vm 300 atmufaiGjzifh xkdif;EkdifiH

awmifykdif;urf;ajcokd@ yifv,fxGufayguf odk@r[kwf c&D;pOfwpfpkHvkH; rav;&Sm;ta&muf

a':vm 700 rS 1000 txdwkd@jzpfonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh avSvkdufrnfhc&D;onfwkd@rSm

touf 18 ESpfrS 40 twGif; trsKd;om;rsm;jzpf=u+yD; &SpfESpfom;avmufom&Sdonfh

i,f&G,fonfh uav;rsm;ukdvnf; awG@&onf?

b*Fvm;a'h&SfwGif wkdawmif;onfhtcsdeftwGif; tul;tajymif;vkyfrnfh

&ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;rS rsm;aomtm;jzifhpwifonfhvrf;a=umif;u xkdif;EkdifiHukdjzwfI

rav;&Sm;okd@qufvufxGufcGmonf? yifv,fjzwfoef;r_u wpfywfcef@=umonf?

trsm;tm;jzifh/ okd@wnf;r[kwf tm;vkH;taeESifhr[kwfapumrl avSrsm;taeESifh

qkdufa&muf&mwGiftzrf;cH&onfh taetxm;twGuf xkdif;EkdifiHrSwqifhoGm;vma&;u

vkHðcHonf[k,lq=uonf? rav;&Sm;wGiftzrf;cH&rnfqkdygu

&nf&Snfxdrf;odrf;cH&rnfjzpfum e,fpyfukdjzwfI xkdif;bufokd@ESifxkwfcH&ayrnf?

arSmifckdyGJpm;rsm;. &_yfaxG;onfh uGef,ufrsm;u trsm;tm;jzifh okd@aomf

oD;jcm;r[kwfonfh &kd[if*smwkd@taeESifh &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;rS b*Fvm;a'h&Sfokd@/

b*Fvm;a'h&SfrS xkdif;EkdifiHESifh tqkH;wGif xkdif;urf;pyfrScGmI rav;&Sm;okd@ &kd[if*smwkd@

tm; o,f,lykd@aqmifa&; tqifhrsm;pGmwGif yg0ifywfouf=uonf? xkdav;EkdifiHwkd@rS

Oya'jyXmef;onfhyk~Kdvfwkd@ESifh yl;aygif;vdrfvnf&ef nSdxm;onfh uGef,ufrsm;tm;

vkyfaqmif=uonf?

2007 ckESpf rwfv 21 &ufae@txd xkdif;EkdifiHawmifykdif; yifv,furf;ajcwGif

tzrf;cH&onfh avSvkdufolrsm;rSm tcsdefwkdtxdrf;odrf;cH&I aemufykdif; rJaqmufòrd@

teD; typftcwf&yfpJxm;onfh e,fajrwGif;okd@ ‘w&m;r0if’ ESifxkwfcHcJh&onf?

yGJpm;rsm;u ‚wkd@xHrS xkdif;EkdifiHrS rav;&Sm;okd@ykd@aqmif&eftwGuf tar&duefa':vm

700 tca=u;aiG,lxm;onfhtay: jyefv$wfay;=uonf? xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@u

aemufykdif;wGif vltenf;i,fwkd@tm; jrefrmvl0ifr_}uD;=uyfa&;tm%mykdifrsm;vufokd@

(prf;oyfonfhtaetxm;jzpfayrnf) jyefykd@a&;vkyfaqmifcJhonf? okd@aomf

xkdESifxkwfcH&olrsm;tm; aemufae@wGif xkdif;bufokd@ jyefwGef;xkwfcJhonf?

okd@aomfvnf; 2007 ckESpf Ekd0ifbmv yifv,fc&D;oGm;&moDopftpuwnf;u

ueOD;xdrf;odrf;r_rsm;tm; r=um;od&awmhI xkdavSvkdufolrsm;

b,fqDb,furf;a&mufukef=uonfukd rod&awmhonfhtwGuf Ttaetxm;rSm

ta&;w}uD;pkd;&drfzG,f&mudPjzpfvmonf? xkdif;EkdifiHawmifykdif;wGif ‚wkd@tm; xkdif;vl0ifr_

}uD;=uyfa&;tm%mykdifwkd@u rav;&Sm;e,fpyfteD;wGif yGJpm;rsm;xHv$Jajymif;ay;I

qufvuf arSmifckdjzwfoef;0ifa&mufa&;twGuf

‚wkd@xHrS aiG&onftxd qufvufzrf;qD;xdrf;odrf;xm;onf[k qkdonf?

xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGifuJhokd@ xkdif;rav;e,fpyfwGifvnf; ‚[email protected];qD;xm;olrsm;tm;

aiGay;vmapa&;vkyfaqmifr_zdtm;taeESifh ykHrSef&kdufESuf=uonf? ray;E_difolrsm;tm;

pkdufysKd;a&;ykdif&Sifrsm;okd@r[kwf ig;zrf;avSykdif&Sifrsm;xHa&mif;pm;I csnfaESmifxm;onfh

tvkyform;rsm;tjzpfvkyfukdifaponf?

aemufqkH; rav;&Sm;okd@ vlrsm;pGma&muf&SdcJh+yD; w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tae

ESifh tvkyf&Sm=u&onf? okd@aomfvnf; vlrsm;pGmwkd@ vrf;wGifaysmufqkH;cJh=uonf?

xGufcGmonfhavSrsm;qufvuf rsm;vmonfhtwGuf aqGrsKd;aysmufowif;&Smonfh

rdom;pkrsm; ykdrkdrsm;jym;vm=uonf?

a'owGif;wkef@jyefaqmif&Gufr_rsm;jrefrmppftm%mykdifwkd@taeESifh &kd[if*smavSvkdufolwkd@. v_yf&Sm;r_tm;

ydwfqkd@a&;tay: pdwf0ifpm;ykH rjycJhay? 2007 ckESpfwGif jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tzrf;cHcJh&onfh

avSvkdufoltcsKd@taeESifh acwWtzrf;cH&I jyefv$wfay;cJhjcif;cH&onf -vm'fxkd;t+yD;-

okd@r[kwfygu &kd;&Sif;pGmjzifh xkdif;EkdifiHa&ykdifeuftwGif; qGJ,lcHcJh&jcif;&Sdonf?

&kd[if*smrsm;.orkdif;onf (7) &mpktpykdif;rSpI tm&yfrlqvifukefonfrsm;

&ckdifjynfwGif vma&muftajcpkdufaexkdifonfh twdwfumvrSjzpfonf?

1950 ckESpf ygvDrefacwfwGif OD;Ek.tpkd;&u wkdif;&if;om;tjzpf

todtrSwfðycJhaomfvnf; 1983 ckESpf AkdvfcsKyfae0if;. ppftpkd;&u

jrefrmEkdifiHawmf EkdifiHom;Oya'ukd jyXmef;cJhonfhtcsdefrSpum ‚if;wkd@. EkdifiHa&;ESifh

tajccHOya't& ukd,fykdiftaxmuftxm; qkH;&_H;cJh&onf? Tvkyfaqmifr_u

&kd[if*smwkd@. vlenf;pkwkdif;&if;om;tjzpf todtrSwfðyxm;jcif;tm;

jiif;qefqef@usifcJhjcif; jzpfonf?

ppftkyfpktaeESifh &kd[if*smxktay: &Sif;vif;jywfom;onfh xkdpwef@

xGifvkyfaqmifr_ukd qufvufxdrf;odrf;xm;cJhonf? 1992 ckESpf azaz:0g&Dv

(26) &ufae@wGif xkwfjyefcJhonfh jrefrmhEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme.

owif;xkwfjyefcsufwGif

“trSefrSm ,ae@jrefrmEkdifiHwGif wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk 135 ckaexkdif=uaomfvnf;

&kd[if*smqkdonfholrsm; ryg0ifyg? orkdif;t& jrefrmEkdifiHawmfwGif ‘&kd[if*sm’ wkdif;

&if;om;vlrsKd;pkwpfckr&SdcJhbl;yg?” [k tpkd;&u a=ujimcJhonf?

2004 ckESpf {+yDvwGif ðyvkyfcJhonfh ukvor*~uav;tcGifha&;aumfrDwD.

a0zefcsufrsm;tm;wkef@jyefonfhtaeESifh ppftkyfpku &kd[if*smwkd@tm;

tjcm;vlrsKd;pktkyfpkrsm;ESifh arG;aopm&if;rSwfwrf;wifr_/ ynma&;/ usef;rma&;ESifh

vlr_a&;wkd@ESifh ywfoufonfhudpPrsm;wGif wef;wltcGifhta&;tjynfhay;xm;

a=umif; ajymqkdcJhjyefonf? xkd@jyif tm%modrf;ppftkyfpkonf b*FgvDwkdif;&if;om;

vlrsKd;pkwpfcktjzpf pm&if;oGif;um jrefrmEkdifiHwGif t+rJaexkdifonfhyk~Kdvfrsm;t jzpf

todtrSwfðyxm;+yD;jzpfa=umif;vnf; &nfn$ef;ajymqkdcJhonf?

okd@aomfvnf; vufawG@wGif &kd[if*smvlxk. tcGifhta&;rsm;rSm t}uD;

tus,fwm;qD;ydwfyifxm;jcif;cH ae&ayonf? &ckdifjynfajrmufykdif; urBmhukvo

r~'kuQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;ESifh tjcm;tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.

wm0efcsxm;aqmif&Gufr_u &kd[if*sm'kuQonfwkd@. tusyftwnf;tm;

wpfpkHw&m wkd;wufaumif;rGefE_difaomfvnf; jrefrmppftkyfcsKyfolwkd@.

EkdifiHa&;oabmqEN ryg&Sdygu ‚if;[email protected]=uuGJzG,f&m'kuQtjzpftysufwkd@tm;

ajz&Sif;aqmif&GufE_difrnfr[kwfygay?

nDnDausmf ([email protected]) onf pifumylEkdifiH eef,ef; pufr_wUokdvf Nanyang Technological University tufpf &m*s&erf

EkdifiHwumbmom&yfrsm;qkdif&mavhvma&;ausmif;. (S Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) EkdifiHwumEkdifiHa&;pD;yGm;a&;od`Hausmif;

om;jzpfonf? jrefrmrlqvifwpfOD;jzpfonfh nDnDausmfonf ‚if;. ody`HbGJ@

twGuf pifumylokd@ausmif;wuf&ef rvma&mufrDtcsdeftxd jrefrmEkdifiHwGif

aexkdifcJholjzpfonf? azazmf0g&Dv 2008 wGifT vuf&Sdaqmif;yg;xuf&Snfonfh

aqmif;yg;tjynfhtpkHtm; yxrqkH;t}udrf tufpf &m*s&erf EkdifiHwumbmom&yfrsm;

qkdif&mavhvma&;ausmif; (RSIS) . tifwmeuftGefvkdif;wGifazmfjyaom

a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;wGJrsm;wGif azmfjycJh+yD;jzpfonf? www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS0122008.pdf

jrefrmEkdifiH. arhaysmufxm;jcif;cH&onfh jynfolrsm;

nDnDausmf


rnfokd@yifjzpfap rsm;r=umrDu jrefrmurf;ajcwGifqkdufuyfvmonfh avStcsKd@

rS avSvkdufolrsm;tm; w&m;r0ifEkdifiHwGif; jyef0ifvmr_jzifh axmif'%f 7 ESpfpD

csrSwfcHcJh&onf?

b*Fvm;a'h&Sfu &kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm; vlukeful;r_ukd ajcvSrf;tenf;i,fr#jzifhom

qef@usifvkyfaqmifaeonf? 2007 ckESpf atmufwkdbmvrSpI b*Fvm;a'h&SfEkdifiH

Oya'ðyXmersm;taeESifh xGufcGmrnfhae&mrsm;ESifh jrefrme,fpyfjzwfausmfa&;

vrf;rsm;wGif zrf;qD;r_t&SdefjrSifhcJh=uonf? vltenf;i,fom ewfjrpfukdjzwfI

jrefrmjynfbufokd@ jyefvnfwGef;xkwfykd@aqmifjcif;cH&onf? ykHrSeftaeESifh c&D;oGm;wkd@

omtzrf;cH&I arSmifckdukefonfrsm;rSm xkdvlukeful;r_vGwfvyfpGmvkyfaqmif&ef

tm%mykdifwkd@tm; rorma=u;ay;xm;onfhtwGuf tzrf;cH&onfhtxJwGif ryg0ifay?

tzrf;cH&onfh yGJpm;wkd@tm; r=umrDjyefv$wfay;onfomjzpfonf?

tul;tajymif;EkdifiHwpfckjzpfonfh xkdif;EkdifiHtaeESifh txl;ojzifh pdefac:r_w&yftm;

&ifqkdif&onf? xkdif;tm%mykdifwkd@u &kd[if*smwkd@tm; trsKd;om;vkHðcHa&;csdef;ajcm

ufoltjzpf oabmaygufxm;onf? rav;&Sm;okd@ykd@ay;rnfh yGJpm;wkd@xHykd@ay;onfh

‘w&m;0ifr[kwfonfh jyefykd@jcif;’ ykHpHrSm ae@pOfpDrHcsufjzpfI '%fcwfonfxuf

acgif;ykHjzwfaqmif&Gufonfh csOf;uyfr_wpfckyifjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh xkdaqmif&Gufr_u

jzpfE_difajc&SdpGmESifh xyfrHqGJxkwfr_tm; zefwD;ay;onf?

&kd[if*smwkd@tm; rav;&Sm;. tvkyfESifhaexkdifcGifhygrpfay;rnfh uwdu

aysmufuG,fvkjzpfaeykHay:onf? pm&if;ay;oGif;a&;vkyfief;pOfrSm aocsmr_uif;rJhpGm

a&$@qkdif;xm;I qufvkyfrnfhhtajctaerSmvnf; taetxm;r&SdonfukdawG@&onf?

'kQonfrsm;tygt0if w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmolrsm;tm; òzdcGif;a&;qkdonfrSm

qef;=u,fonfht&mr[kwfawmhay? uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&m r[mrif;

}uD;&kH;u &kd[if*smwkd@tm; ,m,DumuG,fapmifha&Smufr_&ap&ef pm&if;oGif;r_tm;

2005 ckESpfukefwGif &yfqkdif;xm;cJh&m ,cktcsdeftxdjyefvnfpwifvkyfaqmifr_

r&Sdao;ay?

xkda&a=umif;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;u ckdv_Hvkdolrsm;tm; tumtuG,fay;rnfh ,œ&m;rSm csdeJ@

ae+yD;jzpfonfhtjyif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;

&kH;. vkyfykdifcGifh usOf;ajrmif;aeonfh a'owcktwGif; ta&;ay:pdefac:r_

jzpfvmonf? rnfonfh oufqkdif&mEkdifiHur# 'kQonfqkdif&moabmwlpmcsKyftm;

vufrSwf a&;xkd;xm;jcif;r&Sdonfomru 'kQonfumuG,fapmifha&Smuf

a&;twGuf jynfwGif;Oya'rsm;tm; ðypkvkyfaqmifr_vnf;r&Sday? ‚wkd@

taeESifh Tv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;a=umifh arSmifckd0ifa&mufvmolrsm;[k

owfrSwfI &kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm;tm; ckdv_Hvkdolrsm;tjzpf jrif&ef jyifqifvkyf

aqmifxm;jcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;.

yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_ukdvnf; cGifhðyxm;jcif;r&Sday? &kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm;taeESifh

pD;yGm;a&;jy\emwpfckwnf;omr[kwfbJ pepfwuszdESdyfr_/ cGJjcm;qufqHr_ESifh

vltcGifhta&;csKd;azmufjcif;wkd@rS vGwfajrmuf&eftwGuf Ttœ&m,frsm;vSonfh

c&D;pOfrsm;ukdoGm;a&muf&ef avSoabFmay:wufae=ujcif;tm; oHo,jzpfp&mrvkday?

xkd@a=umifh &kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm;u jrif&kHr#ESifh Oya'a=umif;t&vkHavmufonfh

tajccHwGif ‘tav;xm;&rnfh yk~Kdvfrsm;’ taeESifh wifjyE_difonfomjzpfonf?

T avSrsm;jzifhvkyfaqmifaeonfh v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; ykHrSeftaeESifh

vlta&mif;t0,fvkyfjcif;xuf vlarSmifckdjcif;[lI todtrSwfðyxm;onf?

ta=umif;rlum; ‚wkd@taeESifh y,fvmrkdoabmwlpmcsKyf. vla&mif;0,fr_t"d`g,f

zGifhqkdcsufwGifazmfjyxm;onfh tajctaetm;vkH;ESifh oufqkdifr_r&Sdjcif;a=umifhyif

jzpfonf? pmcsKyfwGif v_yf&Sm;r_wpfck. t"d`g,ftjzpf (vSnfhjzm;jcif; odk@r[kwf t"RðyI)

ESifh acgif;ykHjzwftjrwfxkwfonfhtaetxm;okd@ ykd@aqmifjcif;wkd@jzpfonf? rnfokd@jzpfap

tu,fI pmcsKyfygtwkdif; xkdif;EkdifiHwGif okd@r[kwf rav;&Sm;EkdifiHwGif vufcHonfh

yGJpm;rsm;u ‚wkd@tm; t"Rvkyftm;ay;apckdif;jcif; odk@r[kwf u|efðyckdif;apjcif;

vkyfaqmifygu TonfrSm vla&mif;0,fr_ðyvkyfjcif;yifjzpfonf? xkdif;EkdifiHuvufrS

wfa&;xkd;xm;aomfvnf; vla&mif;0,fr_ESifh vlarSmifckdr_ pmcsKyfESpfcktm; vufrSwfa&

;xkd;cJhjcif;r&Sdonfhtjyif r=umrDuOya'ðycJhonfh vla&mif;0,fr_qef@usifwkdufzsufa&;

jynfwGif;Oya'wGifvnf; vufrSwfrxkd;cJhay? rav;&Sm;EkdifiHu rnfonfhEkdifiHwum

Oya'pmcsKyfrsm;ukdrS tzGJ@0iftaeESifh vkdufema&;xkd;r_rðyonfh EkdifiHjzpfonf? okd@

aomfjim;vnf; xkdoufqkdifonfhEkdifiH tm;vkH;taeESifh uav;rsm;taeESifh

umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efvkdtyfonf [lonfh uav;tcGifhta&;twGuf TpmcsKyfyg

pnf;urf;csufrsm;atmufwGif vufrSwfa&;xkd;cJh=uonf? trSefrSm &kd[if*smwkd@

taeESifh EkdifiHrJhrsm;jzpfaeI ykdrkd&_yf axG;onfh udPrsm;jzpfyGm;aeonfhtay: EkdifiHw

umtokdif;t0kdif;taejzifh ‚wkd@. 'kQokQwkd@tm; txl;wifjyazmfxkwf&ef rwwfE_d

ifonfhtajctaejzpfonf?

EkdifiHwum. 'kQonfESifh EkdifiHrJhwkd@tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; vkyfykdifcGifhwkd@a=umifh

ukvor~'kQonfqkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;taeESifh vufcHrnfhEkdifiHrsm;ESifh

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@jzifh yg0ifywfoufa&;ESifh ‚wkd@twGuf

oifhav#mfrnfh tajz&Sma&;aqmif&Guf&ef vkdtyfonf? vkHavmufonfh

umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_enf;AsL[mrsm;tm; xkdtpkd;&wkd@. w&m;0ifta&;ay:

aqmif&Gufcsuftjzpf ykHrSefr[kwfonfh v_yf&Sm;r_wkd@twGuftajymif;tvJtjzpf

taumiftxnfazmf&efjzpfaomfvnf; xkd&kd[if*smavSvkdufolrsm;.

tcGifhta&;rsm;tm;vnf; tmrcHcsufay;tyfoifhonfomjzpfyga=umif;?

c&pf(pf) vD0g ([email protected]) onf jrefrmEkdifiH

&kd[if*smvlenf;pk okawoeESifh tm;ay;aqmif&Gufr_wkd@tm; jr _yfESH

aqmif&Gufaeonfh tm&uefpDrHudef;tzGJ@ The Arakan Project [lonfh

tpkd;&r[kwfonfh a'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;. tusKd;aqmifyk~Kdvfjzpfonf?

1 www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/47cd360411.html wGif =unfhyg? 2 tm&uefpDrHudef;tzGJ@onf okawoeESifh tm;ay;r_vkyfaqmifaeonfh xkdif;EkdifiHtajcpkduf tpkd;&r[kwfonfh tzGJ@tpnf;jzpf+yD;

jrefrmEkdifiH &ckdifjynfe,fajrmufykdif;&Sd EkdifiHrJh&kd[if*smrsm;. twd'kQukd t"duxm;I vkyfaqmifaeonfh tzGJ@jzpfonf? c&pf(pf) vD0g.

pmwrf;ESifh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;tm; tGefvkdif;jrefrmhpm=unfhwkduf www.burmalibrary.org wGif awG@&SdE_difonf?

3 1982 ckESpf EkdifiHom;Oya'u jrefrmEkdifiHwGif +Adwdo#ukdvkdeDtkyfcsKyfa&;pwifcJhonfh 1823 rwkdifrDuwnf;utajccsaexkdifcJhonf

h wkdif;&if;om;tkyfpk0ifrsm;tm; EkdifiHom;tjzpf teufzGifhxm;onf? &kd[if*smwkd@tm; tpkd;&. ‘wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk0if’ wkdif;&if;om; 135

rsKd;wGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;r_rðyonfhtwGufa=umifh EkdifiHrJholrsm;jzpfapcJhonf?

4 vla&mif;0,fr_ESifh vlarSmifckdr_pmcsKyf tm; www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTO/index.html wGif

tjynfhtpkH awG@E_difygonf?

‘usJrm&,f umrm&,f’ qkdonfrSm u&ifeDbmompum;jzpfonfh

pum;tokH;tE_H;wpfckjzpfI vG,fvG,fbmomjyefrnfqkdygu t=urf;zsOf;taeESifh

‘=urf;wrf;onfh ausmufaqmif=um;’ okd@r[kwf ykdI wduspGmqkd&v#if ‘a&S@wkd;&efcuf/

aemufqkwf&efcuf’ [lIjzpfonf? xkdpmykd'fu ,cktcg wwd,EkdifiHwpfckckwGif

jzpfE_difajc&Sdonfh a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_tcGifhta&; ay;tyfxm;jcif;cH&onfh ‚wkd@

rsufvkH;rsm;u jrefrmEkdifiHbufokd@vSnfhI q,fpkESpfrsm;pGm 'kQonfpcef;rsm;xJwGif

aexkdifcJh=u&onfh xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfrS 'kQonf 145000 [email protected];r_tm;

qDav#mfpGm o&kyfazmfxm;onf? 2007 ckESpfwGif pcef;rsm;rS 'kQonf 14000 ausmftm;

wwd,EkdifiHrsm;okd@ a&$@ajymif;tajcpkduf=uI ESpfaomif;txdrsm;onfh 'kQonfwkd@

onfvnf; 2008 wGif a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufE_difa&;tm; ar#mfvifhxm;=uonf?

wbufwGif a&S@okd@qufwkd;&ef tcuftcJ&Sdayonf? 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh

a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufrnfqkdygu oGm;a&mufrnfh EkdifiHopftaeESifh

tquftpyft& ae&yfodk@jyefykd@jcif;ESifh a'owGif;aygif;pnf;aexkdif

apjcif;[lonfh ae&mwkd@twGuf ckdif+rJonfh qkH;jzwfcsufwkd@u jzpfE_dif

onfhtajctaer&SdonfhtwGuf a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_taeESifh wkd;jrSifhI

qGJaqmifr_ aumif;vmonf?

usefaecJh&efcufcJonfh tpktðyHvkdufa&$hhhajymif;ae&m

csxm;r_.tusKd;quf qlqef befuDESifh a[Z,fvf vef;*f


a&$@ajymif;

tajccscGifh

&&Sda&;zkdifwGif

'kuQonf

oufaocH

taxmuft

xm; jznfhae

onfh jrefrm

trsKd;orD;i,f

wpfOD;

r,fv

'kuQonfpcef;

xkdif;EkdifiH

rnfonfhb0rsKd;wGifae&rnfukd pdwfxJu pkd;&drfr_ESifh &_yfaxG;r_ jzpfay:aeayonf?

trsm;pku tpOD;ykdif;wGif ‚wkd@xJrS ynmtwwfqkH;olrsm;yifv#if qkd;&Gm;onfh

vlr_a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_wkd@. pdrfac:r_rsm;ESifh awG@ñuH&E_difonfukd

owdxm;rd=uonf? tjcm;wbufwGif tcuftcJ&Sd&kHr#ru jyefvm&efrSmvnf;

jzpfE_difajcr&Sdoavmufjzpfaeayao;onf? jrefrmppftkyfpk. apmfum;aESmuf,Sufr_

rsm;ESifh acgif;rmr_wkd@u vuf&SdtajctaewGif 'kQonfwkd@taeESifh tdrfjyef&efrSm jzpfE_d

ifonfht&mr[kwfonfh tajctaewGif&Sdaeayonf?

u&ifeDpmykd'fwGif wwd,tcsufwpfcsufxm; xyfxnfhay;&ayOD;rnf?

usefaecJh&efcufcJvSonf [lIyif? xkdif;EkdifiH pcef;rsm;twGif;&Sd 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh

vlom;csif;pmemonfhtultnDrsm;ay;tyfaeonfh tzGJ@tpnf;ESpfq,f.

ulnDaxmufyHhtm; cHpm;I w&m;0ifr+yD;jywfE_difonfhtaetxm;wGif

vufrSwf,l wef;pDI aexkdif&onfhtajctaewGif&Sdae=uonf? vuf&SdtcsdefwGif

pcef;wGif;aexkdifolrsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tm; uef@owfxdrf;csKyfxm;I

vltenf;i,favmufom pcef;rSxGufI toufarG;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ynma&;

vkdufpm;&ef cGifhðyay;xm;onf?

xkda&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; pDrHudef;u t&Sdef&vmaomfvnf; 'kQonftm;vkH;

a&$@ajymif;aexkdifrnfr[kwfonfukd owd&&ef ta&;}uD;onf? vkH;0 a&$@

ajymif;tajcpkdufrnfr[kwfonfh okd@r[kwf aemifESpfrsm;twGif; tcsdefwpkHw&mwGif

oGm;a&mufrnfh 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh vufawG@aqmif&Gufolrsm;ESifh

rl0g'csrSwfolrsm;. *&kpkdufr_ESifh xkdufwefonf? ta=umif;rSm ‚wkd@twGuf

a&&Snfa&wkd tumtuG,fay;a&;wkd@u xGufcGmtajcpkduf=urnfholwkd@xuf

ykdIjrifhjrwfaoma=umifhyif jzpfonf? Tta=umif;jycsuftwGuf xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGif

taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifae=uonfh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.

yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;tzGJ@jzpfonfh xkdif;EkdifiHa&muf ae&yfrSxGufajy;cJh&olrsm;twGuf

yl;aygif;tultnDay;a&;aumfrDwD CCSDPT u usef&Sdaeonfh 'kQonfxktm;

a&$@ajymif;ae&csxm;r_vkyfaqmifjcif;. xdckdufr_tm; tqkH;tjzwfay;E_difonfh

tpD&ifcHpmwpfapmif ðypk&ef wm0efay;cJhonf?

xkdokawoeðyr_u yxrtaeESifh a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_rsm;u a&$@ajymif;vkdolwkd@.

ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;tm; wkd;jrSifhjznfhpnf;E_difcJhonfhtcsdefwGif usef&Sdolwkd@taeESifh

‚[email protected];ESifh vkyfazmfukdifbufrsm; xGufcGmoGm;onfhtay: pdwffysufjym;r_

jzpf&onfh tawG@tñuHESifh &ifqkdif&onfukd jyqkdcJhonf? a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;u

jrefrmjynftajymif;tvJtwGuf vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufae=uonfh xkd'kQonfwkd@tm;

tm;r&Sdjzpfaponfhjyif jrefrmEkdifiHwGif;&Sd ppfajy;'kQonfwkd@twGuf tajctaewkd;wufr_

wpfckr#zefwD;vkyfaqmifE_dif onfh tajctaer&Sdacs?

'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh tpkvkduftðyHvkdufa&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; vkyfaqmif

aeonfhtcsdefwGif E_dif;,SOfcsuft& ynmwwfrsm;/ t&nftcsif;&Sdolrsm;ESifh tawG@

tñuH&Sdonfh 'kQonfrsm;wkd@u tjcm;usef&Sdaeolwkd@xuf t&if oGm;a&muf cGifh&onf?

wpdwfwykdif;taeESifh tcsKd@ vufcHonfhEkdifiHrsm;u 'kQonftodtrSwfðyjcif;ESifh

rywfoufbJ ynma&;taumif;qkH;ESifh jrifhrm;onfh t&nftcsif;&Sdolwkd@

ouJhokd@ tajccHt"dy`g,fzGifhxm;onfh ‚wkd@ESifh ‘aygif;pnf; aexkdifrnhftcsKd;tpm;’

a&G;cs,fxm;onfh 'kQonfwkd@tm; *&kpkduf=uonf?

xkd@tjyif av#mufxm;olOD;pm;ay;a&G;cs,fr_jzpfonfh ‘wpfa,mufvm/

wpfa,mufoGm;' csOf;uyfr_ enf;vrf;wpfck. &nf&G,fcsufu pcef;rsm;xJwGif

t=umqkH;aexkdifolrsm;taeESifh OD;pGm oGm;a&muftajccsa&; jzpfonf? Tyk~Kdvfwkd@

taeESifh ynmtwwfqkH;ESifh t&nftcsif;&Sdonfh pcef;wGif;aexkdifolrsm;ESifh

tjyeftvSef tvGeftrif; qufpyfaeI a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;. yxrtqifhrsm;u

pcef;rsm;twGif; t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh vkyfom;wkd@tm; w[kefxkd;avsmhenf;ap&ef

ykdrkdtm;ay;aeayonf?

vkyfE_difpGrf;qkH;&_H;jcif;E_dif;,SOfr_t& jrefqefonfh a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; vkyfief;pOfjzpfI

ac:aqmifrnfh vlOD;&nftcsKd;tpm;owfrSwfr_ESifh ‘aygif;pnf;aexkdifa&;

tcsKd;tpm;’ wkd@tm; vufcHa&;pHtaeESifh xm;&Sdjcif;r&Sdonfh tar&dueftkyfpk

ae&mcsxm;a&;csOf;uyfr_u pcef;rsm;twGif;&Sd t&nftcsif;&Sdonfh acgif;aqmifrsm;

tcsKd;tq qkwf,kwfavsmhenf;vmonfh tqkH;wGif jyefvnf&nfn$ef;r_wkd@tm;

vkyfaqmif&ef vkdtyfonf? ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH; UNHCR taeESifh rSwfcsufcscJhonfu vlOD;&nfodompGm avsmhenf;oGm;ygu pcef;rsm;wGif;&Sd

ulnDaxmufyHha&; vkyfief;wkd@twGuf awmif;qkdr_vnf;avsmhenf;oGm;rnf[lI

jzpfonf? okd@aomf tcsKd@pcef;rsm;wGif zsufqD;r_wkd@vkyfaqmif+yD;jzpfI ,wdjywfeD;yg;

tajctaea&mufae+yD jzpfonf?

t&nftcsif;&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynmwwfwkd@xGufoGm;onfhtwGuf pcef;rsm;xJ&Sd

vkyfief;Xmersm;. tm;pkduf&mjzpfonfh ulnDaxmufyHha&;udPrsm;twGuf

vuf&Sd&Sdaeolrsm;xJwGif tpm;xkd;rnfholrsm;&SmazG&ef ykdrkdcufcJvmonf?

'kQonfpcef;rsm;taeESifh vkyfom;aps;uGufrjzpfawmhonfhtcsdefrSpI

tvGefta&;ygonfh OD;aqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;tygt0if r&Sdv#ifrjzpfonfh tvkyfwkd@

twGuf t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh 0efxrf;rsm;tm; iSm;&rf;axmufyHha&;rSm tuef@

towftwkdif;twmESifhyif jzpfonf? txl;ojzifh tar&duef.a&$@ajymif; ae&m

csxm;a&;tkyfpkrcsOf;uyfrDuwnf;u a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_ vkyfaqmifaeonfh

tcsKd@pcef;rsm;wGif tajccHynma&;tqifhtwef;omom &Sdolwkdif; tvkyfcef@

xm;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? pcef;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh tawG@tñuHjynfh0onfh pDrHtkyfcsKyfolwkd@

onfvnf; xkdpcef;rsm;rS tcsKd;tpm;jrifhrm;pGm xGufcGmoGm;=u+yD;jzpfonf?

Ttcsufu pcef;b0. u¾ESpfckwkd@tm; tjyif;xefqkH;xdckdufapcJhonf? ‚wkd@u

usef;rma&;u¾ESifh ynma&;u¾wkd@ jzpfonf?

usef;rma&;u¾wGif txl;avhusifhxm;onfh 'kQonfusef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;.

xGufcGmr_u tpkd;&ESifhrygwfoufonfh usef;rma&;XmetzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.

pHcsdefrDSaumif;rGefonfh usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_ t&nftaoG;tm;

tjyif;txefxdckdufcJhonf? 'kQonfr[kwfonhfq&m0efrsm; (txl;ojzifh xkdif; okd@

jynfajy;q&m0efrsm;) u 'kQonf0efxrf;wkd@tm; }uD;=uyfum oifwef;ykd@csay;onf?

okd@aomf 0efxrf;tzGJ@0ifopfwkd@tm; oifwef;ay;a&;rSm tcsdefomukefonfr[kwf

(aq;rSL;jzpf&ef 18 vcef@ESifh rdcifESifhuav;usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;jzpfvm ap&ef

9vESifh wpfESpft=um; oifwef;ay;&onf?) tawG@tñuHrsm;vnf;vkdtyfayonf?

vlopfpkaqmif;oifwef;om;rsm;taeESifh tcsdefjynfhoifwef;&&Sdonfhwkdif

usef;rma&;u¾wGif OD;aqmifolrsm;taeESifh nHhjzif;pGmwm0ef,l

xrf;aqmifavh&Sdonf? pcef;wpfckwGif tajccHusef;rma&;Xmersm;xJrS wpfcktm;

0efxrf;rsm; xGufcGmoGm;=uojzifh ydwfxm;&ayonf? tjcm;pcef;wGif t&nftcsif;

jynfhrDSr_r&SdonfhtwGuf 0efxrf;trsm;tjym;tm; teD;tem;&Sd aq;&kHrS0efxrf;rsm;xH

v$Jajymif;wm0efay;cJh&a=umif; =um;od&onf? usef;rma&;0efxrf;t&nftwGuf

usqif;oGm;ojzifh pcef;rsm;twGif; vlxkusef;rma&;uyfqkdufrnfh tœ&m,frSm

ykdrkdjrifhrm;vmayonf?

ynma&;u¾wGif q&mrsm;onfvnf; E_dif;,SOf=unfhygu

jrifhrm;onfht&nftwGufESifh a&$@ajymif;tajccs&ef xGufcGmae=uonf?

q&maumif;rsm;tm; &SmazGa&;rSm t+rJcufcJvSI a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;rsm;

pwif&ef OD;pm;ay;rsm;xJwGif&Sdaeum usef&Sdolrsm;uvnf; aemifwGif

qufvufoGm;a&muf=uOD;rnfjzpfonf? okd@aomf ykdrkdpkd;&drf}uD;r_

jzpf&onfhtaetxm;rSm }uD;=uyfolrsm;/ ausmif;tkyfq&mrsm;/ bmom&yfnSdE_d

if;a&;rSL;rsm;/ q&mjzpfoifwef;q&mrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;tvkyftaºuG;ðyae=uonfh

0efxrf;rsm;tm; qkH;&_H;r_yifjzpfonf? xkdajrmufrsm;pGmaom yk~Kdvfrsm;tm;

oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;ðypkjcif;/ pmoifcef;wGif; pDrHcef@cGJa&;ESifh ausmif;}uD;=uyfa&; ponfh

ynma&;taxmuftyHhðyaomhcsufwkd@tm; ykd@csay;xm;ayonf? ynma&;qkdif&m

vrf;n$efr_ay;E_difonfh yk~Kdvfwkd@tm; qkH;&_H;r_u a&&Snfwm0efxrf;aqmifaeonfh

IOM

200

7/M

TH02

39/

Thie

rry

Falis

e


q&mrsm;/ oif=um;r_t&nftaoG;tay: v$rf;rkd;E_difr_ESifh }uD;=uyfppfaq;r_ESifh

oifwef;rsm;ay;tyfjcif;wkd@tm; qkH;&_H;&onfhjy\emwkd@tm; jrifhwufvmaponf?

ynma&;u¾taeESifh a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_a=umifh xdckdufapjcif;twGuf

tjcm; ta=umif;jycsufESpfck &Sdonf? yxrwGif q&mrsm;taeESifh

tjcm;tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. 0efxrf;rsm;xuf enf;onfh

axmufyHha=u;aiGom &&Sd=uonfhtwGuf xkdq&mrsm;tm; ykdrdkay;onfh

vpfvyfaeonfh tjcm;tvkyfwkd@u a&$@ajymif;vkyfaqmif&ef qGJaqmifaeonfhtwGuf

tjcm;u¾rsm;[email protected];&_H;r_xufykdrkdqkd;&Gm;&onfrSm ynma&;u¾.

vkHavmufr_r&Sdonfhtaetxm;yif jzpfonf? 'kwd,tcsuftaeESifh

ynma&;vkyfief;Xmewkd@csrSwfxm;onfh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;csOf;uyfr_rSm

ae&yfjyefykd@a&;pOf;pm;csuft& ykHpHcsxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? twdtusqkd&v#if 'kQonfwkd@

tm; ukd,fykdifoifwef;rsm;/ }uD;=uyfjcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHjcif;wkd@tm; csrSwfvkyfaqmifa&;

jrSifhwifay;jcif;wkd@jzpfonf? xkwu,fhcsOf;uyfr_u ,cktcg ynma&;pepftm;

ykdrkdusqif;aprnfh aysmhuGufjzpfaponf?

wlnDonfhtwkdif;twm r[kwfonfhwkdif pcef;tkyfcsKyfa&;u¾onfvnf;

a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_a=umifh xdckdufr_tcsKd@tm; cHpm;rdcJh=uonf?

t"duyk~Kdvfwkd@. vkdtyfr_u vuf&Sdusef&Sdaeonfh aumfrDwDtzGJ@0ifwkd@twGuf

ykdrkdav;vHonfh0efrsm;tm; xrf;&Guf&onfhtaetxm;jzpfvm aomfvnf;

tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. 0efxrf;rsm;pGm a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufr_

wkd@. xdckdufr_tm; vkdufrDap&ef pDrHcef@cGJE_difonfht&mjzpfojzifh E_dif;,SOfr_t&

TvkyfykdifcGifhrsm;twGif; acsmarG@atmifjrifap&ef ‚wkd@zGJ@pnf;ykHrsm;. cGifhðyr_

enf;vrf;wkd@tm; ay;tyfcJhonf?

t&Hoifh&Sdonfhvlpktm;vkH;taeESifh pcef;wGif; ynmwwfESifh tawG@tñuHjynfh0olwkd@

avsmhenf;vmonfhtwGuf tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u taumif;qkH;&E_difrnfh

0efxrf;rsm;tm; &SmazG=u&onf? xkd@jyif tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm;

tvkyftaºuG;ðyaeonfh t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh pcef;tajcpkdufaexkdifolrsm;twGuf

tòydifvkyfukdif&rnfrSm ajr}uD;vufcwfrvGJay? tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif

tcsdefjynfhwm0efxrf;aqmifaeolrsm;taeESifh ykHrSef vpmay;tyfr_r&Sdonfh

tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif ESpf¹r_yfvkyfukdif&ef tcsdefenf;oGm;ayrnf?

a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;taeESifh usef&Sdaeao;onfh 'kQonfxktwGuf

tE_wfoabmaqmifonfh +idpGef;r_rsm;jzpfyGm;&onfhtaetxm;rSm xkdif;EkdifiH

wpfckwnf;wGif jzpfyGm;aejcif;r[kwfouJhokd@ txl;ojzifh tcsdefwkdtwGif;omjz

pfyGm;jcif;jzpfonf? eDaygEkdifiHwGifaexkdifonfh blwef'kQonfwkd@rSm tvkH;t&if;jzifh

a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;twGuf txl;ojzifhwnfae=uI tjcm;'kQonftkyfpk

rsm;taeESifhvnf; jzpfE_difajct&SdqkH;ESifh a&&SnfwnfwHhrnfha&G;cs,fr_taeESifh a&$@

ajymif;tajccsr_wkd@buf vSnfhvmayOD;rnf jzpfonf? rdrdwkd@. okawoeðycsufu

n$ef;qkdonfrSm tcsdefwkdtwGif; 'kQonfpcef;rsm;taeESifh oifwef;ay;tyfr_wkd@tm;

xGufcGmrnfh t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh 0efxrf;wkd@ae&mwGif tpm;xkd;a&;twGuf

ykdrkdvkyfaqmifa&; vkdtyfcsuft& tpkvkduftðyHvkduf a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;ay;a&;

vkyfaqmifr_wkd@u usef&Sdaeonfh 'kQonfwkd@twGuf vkdtyfcsufrsm;.

vkdtyfcsufwkd@tm; wkd;yGm;vmaponf [lIjzpfonf? atmufyg t=uHðycsufwkd@

ukd txl;ojzifh xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf&Sd 'kQonfvlxktwGuf azmfaqmifxm;jcif;jzpfI

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. wkd;csJ@t=uHðycsuf wkd@ukdyg xnfhoGif;

azmfjytyfayonf? xkdt=uHðycsufrsm;pGmtm; aumufcH&&Sdxm;+yD;jzpfonf? tjcm;

tpkvkduftðyHvkduf a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;tajctaersm;wGif atmufazmfjyyg

wlnDonfh t=uHðycsufwkd@taeESifh oifhavsmfaumif; oifhavsmfayrnfjzpfonf?

tvSL&Sifwkd@tm; oifwef;rsm;/ t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; pDrHcsufrsm;ESihf tawG@ �tñuHr&Sdonfh 0efxrf;opfwkd@twGuf y%mrajcvSrf;rsm;tm; axmufyHha&; tm;ay;&ef/

jzpfE_difygu tjrefqkH; tpm;xkd;0efxrf;opfwkd@. oifwef;taumiftxnfazmfr_ �vkyfaqmifay;I t&Hoifhtkyfpktjzpf&Sdaeonfh yk~Kdvfwkd@

ESifh aemufcHtqifoifhxm;r_wkd@tm; qufvkyfoGm;&ef/

'kQonfpcef;twGif; t&nftcsif;ESifh 0efxrf;t&nftcsif; ppfwrf;aumuf,lr_ �tm; t&Htpm;xkd;0efxrf;jznfhpnf;E_difa&;twGuf wm0ef,lvkyfaqmif&ef/

pcef;tvkyform;wkd@tm; pcef;wGif;vlopfrsm;ESifh �a'ocHxkdif;vlxktwGif;rS pkaqmif;oGm;&ef/

jzpfE_difonfhtwkdif;twmjzifh vGwfvyfI tem*wftm;wifóudcef@rSef;E_difrnfh �a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; vkyfief;pOftjzpf wkd;jrSifh&efESifh xkdrS 'kQonfwkd@

taeESifh a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufa&;tcsdefumv rnfr#=umrnf/ pcef;rsm;twGif;

axmufyHhtultnDay;a&;vkyfief;wkd@wGif yg0ifaeonfh vkyfief;Xmersm;taeESifh

rnfonfhtcsdefwGif ‚[email protected]; xGufcGm&rnfwkd@tm; od&Sdxm;ayrnf?

'kQonfpcef;rsm;wGif; tultnDvkdtyfr_rsm;tm; jyefvnfqufpyfE_difa&; �twGuf tcsKd@yhHykd;r_rsm;ESifh vG,fulap&efðyjyifxm;onfh pDrHcef@cGJa&;ykHpHwkd@

aygif;pyfI xda&mufonfhvkyfief;rsm;ay;tyfulnDjcif; vkyfaqmif&ef/

pcef;rsm;twGif; t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh 'kQonfrsm;tm; �a&$@ajymif;aexkdifE_difa&; tm;ay;&ef/

todpdwfjzifhvkyftm;ay;r_wkd@tm; vufcHrnfhtdrf&SifEkdifiHwkd@. �yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_jzifh 'kQonfrsm;wGif;&SmazGa&; pOf;pm;&efESifh xkd@

a=umifh xkdEkdifiHwkd@taeESifh ‚wkd@. a&$@ajymif;tajccsr_tm; vkdtyf

onfhtcsdeftwkdif;twmtwGif; okd@r[kwf tpm;xkd;&efyk~Kdvfwkd@tm;

tjynfht0 avhusifhay;r_ +yD;pD;onftxd a&$@qkdif;ay;=uayrnf/

vufcHxm;onfhEkdifiHtaeESifh 'kQonfrsm;/ jynfajy;0efxrf;rsm;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfonhftzGJ@ �tpnf;rsm;ESifh tokdif;t0kdif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. a'ocH0efxrf;tm;

0ifa&mufvkyfudkifa&;ESifh pcef;rsm;twGif; 0ifxGufcGifh jrefqefpGmcGifhðyay;a&; tm;ay;&ef/

EkdifiH0efxrf;wkd@tm; pepftwGif; qufvuftaumiftxnfazmfvkyf �aqmifaer_&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;vkyfaqmifjcif; jrefqefr_&Sdapa&;twGuf

a&&SnfpmcsKyfcsKyfqkdvkyfukdifr_tm; tm;ay;&ef/

usef&Sdaeonfh 'kQonfwkd@tm; EkdifiHawmfusef;rma&;ESifh ynma&; �pepfrsm;twGif; ykdrdkjrifhrm;onfh aygif;pnf;vkyfaqmifa&;ukd tm;ay;a&;tjyif

toufarG;0rf;ausmif; pDrHcsufrsm;tm; pcef;rsm;. twGif;tjyif

w&m;0ifcGifhðyay;&ef tm;ay;r_wkd@ vkyfaqmifoGm;&efwkd@jzpfonf?

pcef;wGif; ¹yGwfodyfaexkdifr_ avsmhenf;apjcif;/ aiGykd@ay;E_difjcif;/

i,f&G,fonfh'kQonfrsm;twGuf vkyfykdifcGifhtcGifhta&;rsm;wkd;wufvmjcif; ESifh

pcef;vkyfief;Xmersm;tm; xda&mufpGmtokH;ðyE_difjcif; ponfh a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;.

aumif;rGefonfh tusKd;a=u;Zl;tcsKd@&Sdonf? okd@aomf vuf&Sdusef&Sdaeolrsm;pGmtwGuf

txl;ojzifh tcsdefwkdtwGif; t&nftcsif;jynfhrDonfh vkyfom;rsm;avsmhenf;vmjcif;u

pcef;b0.cufcJrGef;=uyfr_rsm;tm; ykdrkdqkd;&Gm;apayonf? rnfuJhokd@/ rnfonhftcsdefwGif

vkdtyfr_jzpfrnf wkd@ukd rSef;qjcif;ESifh tem*wftwGuf pDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif;wkd@u a&$@

ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;. tajctaewpfpkHw&mtaeESifh tenf;qkH; oufomap&ef

tultnDðyrnfjzpfonf?

qlqef befuD ([email protected])ESifh a[Z,fvf vef;*f

([email protected]) wkd@onf umv&Snfvsm;onfh tm&SwkdufrS

ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&jcif; &SmazGa&;twGuf =opa=wvs okawoeaumifpD.

3 ESpf pDrHudef;wGif vuf&Sdyg0ifvkyfaqmifae=uonfh =opa=wvsEkdifiH *s&yfzpf

wUokdvf (www.griffith.edu.au). okawoetzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uonf?

TpDrHudef;twGuf qufoG,faqmif&Gufaeonfh vkyfazmfukdifbufrSm tpkd;&r[kwfonfh

=opa=wvsapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@ (www.austcare.org.au) jzpfonf?

Taqmif;yg;onf xkdif;EkdifiHa&mufae&yfrSxGufajy;cJh&olrsm;twGuf yl;aygif;tultnDay;

a&;aumfrDwD CCSDPT uwm0efay;cJhonfh okawoetay:tajccHxm;jcif;jzpfonf?

okd@aomf pDppfawG@&Sdcsuf aumufcsufESifh t=uHðycsufrsm;rSm txufygpma&;q&mrsm;eSifhom

oufqkdifI CCSDPT tzGJ@0ifrsm;. t,ltqwkd@ESifh vkH;0 oufqkdifr_r&Sdyga=umif;?

1 www.ccsdpt.org2 qlpef befuDESifh a[Z,f vef;*fwkd@. ‘tem*wfpDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif; - pcef;wGif;usef&Sdonfh 'kQonfxktm; a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;.

xdckdufapr_’/ 2007 ckESpf/ Zlvkdifv? tGefvkdif; www.tbbc.org? &SmazGr_tusOf;csKyftm; UNHCR . rl&if; csifhcsdefqkH;jzwfcsuf

tpD&ifcHpm. jznfhpGuft=uHðycsufrsm;tm; jznfhpGufxm;jcif;jzpfonf? ‚rSm ‘usefaecJhonfhxkdif;EkdifiH&Sd pcef;vlxktay: a&$@

ajymif;ae&mcsxm;aqmif&Gufr_wkd@. xdckdufapr_ESifhygwfoufonfh csifhcsdeft=uHðycsuf’ UNHCR 2007 ckESpf/ atmufwkdbmv?

3 tkdifbpfESifh [m;Af tpfprfbwf UNHCR ‘xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfpcef;rsm;twGif; usef;rma&;u¾tm; a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_

vkyfaqmifa&;. xdckdufr_ - AsL[majrmufcsOf;uyfa&;okd@’ 2007 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv?


xdkif;tm%mydkifrsm;u 2005ckESpfwGif xdkif;jrefrme,fpyf&Sdpcef;rsm;tay: taemuf

EdkifiHodkk@ jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;twGuf wif;=uyfaompnf;rsOf;rsm;udk av#mhcscJhonf?

pcef;twGif; jyefvnfae&m csxm;a&;.tusdK;oufa&mufr_onf vGefcJhaom

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u u&iftrsdK;orD;tpnf;t&Hk; . =uD;rm;onfh ar#mfjrifp

Of;pm;oHk;oyfcsufwckjzpfcJhonf? ‚wkd@taeESifh '[email protected];/ txl;ojzifh

u&iftrsdK;orD;[email protected] tajccHvl@todkif;t0dkif;tajcðytzGJ@tpnf;wdk@.

wm&SnfwnfwHhckdif+rJrnfh taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufr_ tpDtpOfudPwkd@tm;

aqG;aEG;r_udk em=um;vkdjcif;onf u&ifhtrsdK;orD;wdk@. qyifjzpfonf? a=uuGJp&m

taeESifh wdk;wkd;av;avmuf=um;E_dif&ef u&iftrsdK;orD;rsm;taeESifh us,favmifpGm

atmf[pfaºuG;a=umf&jcif;jzpfonf?

,ckuJhokd@ rjyD;qHk;E_difonfh yËdyuQa=umifh u&ifvlxktaeESifh etz.

&ufpuf=urf;ñuyfjcif;/ vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufjcif;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&jcif;tm;jzifh

xdkif;EdkifiHtwGif;wGif 'kQonf pcef;jzpfay:vm&jcif;jzpfonf? jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;udkd

'kQonftajccHvl@todkif;t0dkif; tzGJhtpnf;rsm;ESifh pcef;wGif;rStcsdK@aom

'kQonfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u awmif;qdkcJhonfjzpfI cef@rSef;ajctm;jzifh 2006

ckESpfwGif 'kQonfOD;a& 4500 ESifh 2007 ESpftukefydkif;wGif 'kQonf 15000 wdk@taeESifh

wwd,EdkifiHrsm;odk@ a&$@ajymif;tajccsaexdkifcJh=ujcif;jzpfonf?

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;pwifcJhonfhtcsdefupjyD; e,fpyfa'o&Sd

'kQonfpcef;rsm;onf qdk;&Gm;aom tajctaeodk@a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf?

tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf ta&;ygaom vl@todkif;t0dkif;acgif;aqmifrsm;

a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsjcif;tm;jzifh pcef;twGif;&Sdvkyfief;pOfrsm;/ a0,m0pPudPrsm;onf

vpf[maejcif;jzpfI xdktusdK;qufrsm;udk tpdk;r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm;u

t,lcHpmwGif azmfjycJhjcif;jzpfonf? odk@aomf rsm;aomtm;jzifh tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJ@

tpnf;ESifh ukvor~'kQonfrsm; qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk;wdk@. &_axmifhudkomazmfjycJhjcif;

jzpfonf? ‚wdk@taejzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhywfoufI 'kQonfrsm;tay:

jzpfay:apaom tusdK;oufa&mufr_tjynfhtpHkudk wifjyr_r&Sdjcif;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_"avhxHk;pH

&_axmifhrS =unfhjcif;wdk@ryg&SdcJhay? trSeftm;jzifh/ Oyrm - rk'def;r_ESifh vdift=urf;zufr_wdk@

onf etz. enf;AsL[mjzpfjyD; pcef;twGif; =uD;rm;aomjy\emjzpfonf/ odk@aomf

‚jy\emudktpD&ifcHpm wGiftenf;tusOf;omazmfjyxm;cJhayonf?

'[email protected];u&iftrsdK;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;ESifh u&if'kQonfaumifpDwdk@onf T'kQonfwdk@.

t"dutpdwftydkif;rsm;jzpf=uonf? rdrdwdk@onf 'kQonfpcef;rSjzpfjyD; 'kQonfrsm;jzpfonf?

pcef;wGif;rSvlxku rdrdwkd@tm; toHwpfcktjzpfvkdtyfonfhtjyif ‚wdk@

udk,fpm;ðyajymqdk&efvkdtyfonf? wm0ef&Sdyk*~dKvfrsm; (tvSL&Sifrsm;/ ukvor~ 'kQo

nfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk; / yHhydk;olrsm;) taejzifhpcef;wGif;rSvlxkrsm;ESifh pum;

ajymqdk&ef vdktyfygu rdrdwdk@rSwqifh vkyfaqmif=uonf? odk@aomfvnf; rdrdwdk@tae

jzifhudk,fhudk,fudkjyef=unfhvdkkufrnfqdkygu tvGeftm;enf;aeayonf? ta=umif;rSm

xdkif;EdkifiHtaejzifh 'kQonfoabmwlnDcsufwGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;r&SdbJ 'kQonfrsm;

tm;axmufyHh&efwm0efr,lvdkjcif; odk@wnf;r[kwf vufrcHvdkjcif;wkd@a=umifhjzpfonf?

‚wdk@taejzifh jrefrmtpdk;&ESifh cspf=unf&if;ESD;r_udk rysufuGufvdkjcif;a=umifhyif? odk@aomf

‚wdk@onf vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;r_twGufwm0ef,lvkyfaqmifoifhayonf? xdk@

a=umifh rdrdwdkd@taejzifh Tae&mwGif aexdkiftvkyfvkyfudkifEdkifa=umif; odk@aomf rdrdwdk@

tm; v#dK@0SufpGmxm;&SdcJh=uonf? ‚wdk@taeESifh EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;tm; pcef;twGif;odk@

0ifcGifhray;jcif;/ txl;ojzifh owif;rD'D,morm;rsm;tm; 0ifa&mufcGifhrðyay? EdkifiHjcm;o

m;awGESifhpum;ajymqdk&mY rdrdwkd@taeESifh tjrJowdxm;&onfrSm rdrdwdk@&ifxJrSm &Sdo

nfhpum;tm;vHk;xGufroGm;ap&efyifjzpfonf?

rdrdwddk@taeESifh xkdpcef;rsm;twGif; tESpf20 aevmcJh=u+yD;jzpfonf? tajctaersm;rSm

tvGef nhHjzif;qdk;&Gm;vSonf? rdrdwdk@qufvuf &Sifoefaexdkif&efjzpfay:vmaom

ta=umif;&if;rsm;rSm ar#mfvifhcsuf ESifh ,kH=unfcsufrSm jrefrmjynfjidrf;csrf;r_&SdjyD;

'Drdkua&pD&&Sdaom wpfae@wGif [email protected];&efom jzpfonf?

rdrdwdk@. ar#mfvifhjcif;tdrfrufrsm;tm; odrf;qnf;xm;I cav;wkd@tm;

ynmoifay;jcif;/ vl@todkif;t0dkif;.zGJ@pnf;yHkudk xdrf;odrf;xm;jcif;tm;jzifh rdrdwdk@

ZmwdtrdajrudkjyefoGm;rnfhwpfae@ xdkt&mrsm;u taxmuftuljzpfaprnfjzpfonf?

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;onf ‚wdk@tdrfruftwGuf pdefac:r_w&yfjzpfonf?

u&ifhtodkif;t0dkif;u ‚.vlxktm;v_HjcHKr_udk&SmazGE_difrnfhtcGifhta&;ESifh

wwd,EdkifiHawGv_HjcHKr_&SmazG&ef tjynfht0tm;ay;aeonfhtcsdefwGif Ttcsufu

tvGefwefbkd;}uD;rm;r_jzpfvmonf? TtcsufrSm ‚wkd@ tESpf20twGif; v‡kyf

&Sm;cJhaomv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk pdefac:aejcif;jzpfjyD; ,if;. t"d`g,ftm; rdom;pktrsm;pkwkd@u

&ifqdkifae&jcif;jzpfonf? xdktcsufonf ar#mfvifhcsufrsm;tm; ysufokOf;apjyD;

pdwfraumif;p&mtcsufrSm ‚[email protected]@ b,faomtcgrS jyefIr&Edkifjcif;

jzpfaumif;jzpfaeayrnf?

tpOD;wGif ‚wdk@tm; trdEdkifiHodk@jyefydk@&ef q&SdcJhonf? Ttcsufu

jzpfEdkifajcr&Sday - odk@aomf vlwkd@ aexdkif&eftwGuf ae&mvdktyfonfhtwGuf

rdrdwdk@taejzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;udk yxrOD;pGm awmif;qdkcJh&onf?

txl;ojzifh aumif;rGefonfhynma&;vdktyfonfh vli,frsm;twGufyifjzpfonf?

pcef;twGif;rSynma&;onf 10wef;tqifhESifhom&yfwef@oGm;aoma=umifh ynma&;vkH

avmufr_ r&Sdacs? rdrdwdk@taejzifh vl=uD;rsm;twGuf pdk;&drfr_r&Sdaomfvnf; rdrdwdk@

csdef;ajcmufr_tœ&m,f=um;rS axmufyHhr_tenf;i,fr#ESifhu&iftrsdK;orD;

tpnf;t&Hk;tvkyfr_aqmifrsm;onf okawoeðyr_ESifh axmufyhHa&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk

csrSwfum tpdk;&r[kwfaomtjynfjynfqdkif&m tzGJhtpnf;rsm;/ ukvor~'kQonfrs

m;qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk;wdk@ESifhtjydkif vkyfaqmiftaumiftxnfazmf aeayonf?

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhywfoufonfhtay:u

&ifvlxk.toHrsm;u&iftrsdK;trD;tpnf;t&Hk; / qJ&m zl;v,f ESifh tD;vD(ef) zdxa0;

r,fv

pcef;rS

wwd,

EkdifiHokd@

b0opf

pwif&ef

aqGrsKd;

om;csif;

wOD;

xGufcGm

oGm;onfh

twGuf

ikdaºuG;

aeonfh

jrefrm

'kuQonf

wpfOD;

IOM

200

7/M

TH02

79/T

hier

ry F

alis

e


pdk;&drfaeonfrSm vli,frsm;twGufyifjzpfonf? ‚wdk@u [email protected]*wfjzpfI

EdkifiHom;wOD;.&ydkifcGifhESifh vlom;qefqef qufqHr_udk&&Sdrnfhae&mwckESifh

oufqdkifjcif; udkvdktyfjcif;jzpfonf? tcsdK@vli,frsm;onf pcef;twGif; ESpf20 vHk;vHk;

aevmcJh=uayonf?

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;u rdrdwdk@twGuf cspfjcif;w&m;ESifh trkef;w&m;wkd@

tm; ,laqmifvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf ynma&;tygt0if

aumif;rGefaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkjzpfay:aponf? odk@aomf pcef;rsm;u

nDn$wfr_/ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh pGrf;&nf &Sdaomolrsm;udkvdktyfaeonf?

rdrdwdk@taejzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;udk tjypfrwifvdkonfrSm

Tt&mudkrdrdwdk@u awmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonfhtjyif jyefvnfae&ma&G@

ajymif;a&;vkyfaqmifolrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;rGefrnfjzpfaoma=umifhyifjzpfonf?

odk@aomf jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;u vl@todkif;t0dkif;udk tem*wfwGifpdk;&drfp&mtjzpfESifh

axmufyHhr_uif;rJhpGm cseffxm;&pfjcif;jzpfaeonf? ynm&SdjyD;

t&nftcsif;&SdolawGtm;vHk;u ac:aqmifr_odk@vdkufygoGm;cJh=ujyD;jzpfonf? rdrdwdk@

taejzifh xdkolwdk@oGm;a&muf tajccsaomEdkifiHY ‚[email protected];i,f

r#omtoHk;ðyI&onf [k =um;od&aomfvnf; xdkyk*d~Kvfwdk@onf pcef;twGif;wGif

ta&;=uD;aomolrsm;jzpf=u ayonf? pcef;wGif;wGif; ausmif;q&mjzpfcJh&if rdrdwdk@oGm;

a&muftajccsaomEdkifiHopfwGif q&mjzpfEdkifrnf[kxif=uaomfvnf; vufawG@

wGif xkdokd@rjzpfay? pcef;wGifusefcJhaomolwkd@taeESifh qdk;&Gm;onfh usef;rma&;ESifh

ynma&;tcuftcJrsm;tm; &ifqdkifae=u&onf?

rdrdwdk@taejzifh rnfolrnf0gqdkonfudkxkwfazmfwifjycJhjcif;ESifh vGwfvyfjcif;twGuf

=udK;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJhaomfvnf; xdkxGufcGgoGm;olawGtm;vHk;a=umifh ‚vkyfaqmifcsufwkd@

tm; ykdrdkqHk;&_H;&jcif;jzpfonf?

vlwdkif;ujyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;udk apmifhqkdif;aejcif;a=umifh vl@todkif;t0dkfif;zGJ@

pnf;yHkonf ,dk,Gif;ysufpD;oGm;cJhonf? jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;a=umifh rdom;pktwGif;

yËdyuQrsm; zdpD;jcif;rsm;ESifh=uHKawG@ae&onf? wcsKd@aomrdom;pk0ifrsm;taeESifh

oGm;vdkpdwf&SdI tcsdK@rSmrloGm;vdkaomqr&Sday? pcef;wGif;usef&SdaecJhaom'kQonfrsm;t

wGuf pOf;pm;&efvdktyfaeayonf? xGufcGgoGm;olrsm;onf &J0HhpGmajymwwfqdkwwfolESifh

tpGrf;tp&Sdaomolrsm;jzpf=uonf? usef&SdcJhaomolawGtaejzifh pmrwwfolrsm;/

&dk;pif;aomolrsm;ESifh tdrfwGif;ykef;rsm;jzpf=uonf? xdkolrsm;taeESifh

rajym&Jrqdk&Jonfholrsm;jzpfI ‚wdk@tm; tultnDay;&ef tcsdK@usefaecJh&ef

vdktyfaeayonf?

EdkifiHopfc&D;pOfa&G@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;tpDtpOftm;qðycJhI a&G;cs,fcH&aomolrsm;taeESifh

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; vkyfief;pOftaeESifh Tvkyfief;pOfukd,fwkdifyif

r=umc%xdcdkufr_jzpfaponf?pcef;twGif;rS IOM ESifh tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJhtpnf;rsm;u

a&Ghajymif;rnfh EdkifiHopf. raumif;aomta=umif;t&mrsm;ESifh pdefac:r_rsm;tm;

vl@todkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; ajymqkd&Sif;vif;jyjcif;r&Sday? trnfpm&if;ay;oGif;&ef

wdkufwGef;jcif;cH&aoma=umifh vlxktaejzifh tvsifpvkda&G;cs,fcJh=ujcif; jzpfonf?

vkyfief;pOfonf v#ifjrefpGmtxajrmufapjyD; ‚wkd@ukd,f‚wkd@ tcsdefwkdtwGif;

wwd,EdkifiHa&mufae=uonfukd awG@&awmhonf? aemufwGif tawmfrsm;rsm;rdrdwdk@

tdrfodk@rdrd jyefvmvdk=ujyefonf?

tajccHvl@todkif;t0dkif;tzGJ@tpnf;.tpD&ifcHpmt& wwd,EdkifiHodk@rxGufcGmrDa0iS

cJhaomta=umif;t&mtcsuftvufwdk@onfjynfhpHkr_r&Sday? ta=umif;t&mrsm;tm;

3&uftwGif;om a0iSajymqdkcJhjyD; aumif;rGefaomb0udk wnfaqmufa&;ESifh

zdpD;r_uif;rJhaomb0opfaqmufwnfa&;twGuf jynfhpHkvkHavmufr_r&Sday?

'kQonftrsm;pkonf rdrdwdk@woufwmeD;eD; pcef;twGif;wGifom aexdkifvmcJhjyD;

q&m0efxH cGJpdwfukoa&;wcgr# ra&mufbl;ay/ um;armif;jcif;/ taemufwdkif;tdrfyHkpHjzifh

aexdkifjcif; r&SdcJhay? xdk@jyif t*Fvdyfpum;rajymwwfonfhtjyif oGm;a&mufrnfhae&m

,Ofaus;r_"avhxHk;wrf;ESifh Oya'udkvnf; tenf;i,fr# em;vnfod&Sdr_r&Sday?

owif;tcsuftvufydkrdk&&SdcJhygu ‚wkd@taeESifh ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh qHk;jzwfcsufudk

csrSwfEdkifcJh=urnfjzpfonf?

jrefrmjynfwGif; yËdyuQqufvufjzpfyGm;aeonfhtwGuf 'kQonfrsm; ykdrkdrsm;vmum

pcef;rsm;twGif; 0ifa&muf&ef vrf;&Smae=uonf? xdkif;tpdk;& taejzifh

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;u qGJaqmifr_wckjzpfrnfudk pdk;&drfI jrefrme,fpyfudkydwfxm;um

ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk;

taejzifh vnf; a&muf&SdvmrnfhvlopfawGudk pm&if;ay;oGif;jcif;rðycJhay?

a&muf&Sdvmaomvlopfwkd@onf e,fpyfudkrjzwfausmfrDS awmwGif;wGifykef;atmif;I t

csdefumvtwef=umaexkdifcJh&ayonf? ‚wdk@taeESifh usef;rma&;ESifh tpmt[m&csdK@

wJhr_wkd@ESifhvnf; &ifqdkifcJh&ayonf? okd@aomf rnfonfhpm;eyf&dQma0pkESifh usef;rma&;

apmifha&Smufr_ukdr# r&&Sd=uay? pcef;wGif;wGif vlwdkif;twGuf pm;eyf&dQmzlv_Hr_

r&SdonfhtwGuf Ttcsufu =uD;rm;aomjyomemw&yf jzpfaponf?

t=uHjyKcsufrsm;u&iftajccHvl@todkif;t0dkif;tzGJ@tpnf;ESifh u&ifacgif;aqmifrsm;taejzifh

wwd,EdkifiHodk@ a&G@ajymif;tajccsjcif;tm;&yfwef@&efqr&Sday? odk@aomf xda&mufaom

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;jzpfap&eftwGuf ‚wdk@taeESifh yGifhvif;aomaqG;aEG;r_udk

vdktyfa=umif; pOf;pm;=uonf? rdrdwdk@taeESifh t=uHjyKwifjyvdkonfrSm

wwd,EdkifiHtpdk;&rsm; / uBmhukvor~qdkif&mr[mrif;=uD;&Hk; / � IOM ESifh

tjcm;Xmersm;taeESifhu) jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;wpfckvHk;

jzpfajrmufa&;rvkyfaqmifrD u&ifacgif;aqmifrsm;xHrS t=uHOm%fESifhtcsuftvufrsm;

&,ljcif;/ jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;ESifhywfoufjyD;jzpfay:vmrnfh qdk;usdK;oufa&mufr_

rsm;tm; rnfodk@ taumif;qHk;vkyfaqmif&rnfudk pDrHvkyfaqmifjcif;?

owif;tcsuftvuftm;vHk; u&ifbmompum;jzifhvnf;&Sd&ayrnf? �

tpdk;&taejzifh [email protected] ta=umif;t&mrsm; �jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; ay:vpDrsm;tm; u&iftajccHvl@

todkif;t0dkif;rsm;tm; a0Xay;jcif;?

a0;uGmaomawmifay:a'orS 'kQonfrsm;od&SdE_dif&ef wwd,EdkifiHrsm;ESifhywfoufaom �ta=umif;t&mrsm; vlr_qufqHa&;/ EdkifiHa&;ESifh Oya'vrf;pOfwkd@tm;a0Xjcif; ?

qdk;usdK;ESifhaumif;usdK;tygt0if wwd,EdkifiHodk@a&muf&SdjyD;jzpfaomrdom;pkwdk@. tawG@ �t=uHKESifh tajctaersm;tm; xdkif;EdkifiHrS u&iftodkif;t0dkif;tm; jyefvnfwifjyay;jcif;?

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHudef;udk ajz;ajz;vkyfaqmifapjcif;tm;jzifh �'kQonfrsm;taeESifh ‚wdk@qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwf&ef tcsdefydkrdk&&Sdrnfjzpf+yD; ‚wdk@

vkyfief;v$Jajymif;&ef tcsdefvkHavmuf pGm&Sdoifhonfhtjyif vl@todkif;t0dkif;taejzifh

xdkvpfvyfonfhae&mwGif tpm;xkd;0ifa&mufvkyfukdif &ef

oifwef;ay;csdef vkHavmufpGm&&Sdrnfjzpfonf?

usef&SdaecJhaomvl@todkif;t0dkif;taejzifh jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;. �oufa&mufr_udk taotcsm qef;ppfjcif;ESifh xGufcGmoGm;oltpm;

tvkyfr_aqmifopfwkd@udk oifwef;ay;&ef tajccHvl@todkif; t0dkif;tzGJ@

tpnf;rsm;taejzifh aiGa=u;axmufyhHr_&Sd&efjzpfonf?

u&iftrsdK;orD;tzGJ@tpnf; (www.karenwomen.org) onf tajccHvl@

todkif;t0dkif;tzGJ@tpnf; jzpfjyD; jynfwGif;&SdtrsdK;orD;rsm;/ jynfwGif;ppfajy;'kQonfrsm;ESifh

xdkif;e,fpyf&Sd 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tm; zG@Hòzd;wdk;wufa&;twGuf tulnDay;aeonfh

tzGJhtpnf;jzpfonf? u&iftrsdK;orD;rsm;tm; trsdK;orD;tcGifhta&;ukd od&Sdxm;a&;ESifh

EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfrsm;/ vl@todkif;t0dkif;twGif; qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfa&;rsm;wGifyg0ifvkyfa

qmifa&; u&iftrsdK;orD;tpnf;t&Hk;u wdkufwGef;tm;ay; vkyfaqmifaeayonf?

tD;vD(ef) zdxa0; ([email protected]) onf

=opa=w;v,m;EdkifiH e,l;apmufofa0;vf(pf) wuUodkvfXmerS (www.crr.unsw.edu.au)S 'kQonfokawoe tvkyfr_aqmifwpfOD;jzpfonf ?

qJ&m zlvm ([email protected]) onf

xdkXmerSausmif;olwpfOD;jzpfonf?

1 www.karenwomen.org2 www.tbbc.org/resources/2007-6-mth-rpt-jan-jun.pdf

“[email protected] tdrfr[kwfawmhbl;/ u$sefrwdk@&J@vSywJhe,fajru

aemufxyfvSp&mr&Sdawmhbl; / tJ'ga=umifh usrwkd@u u&ifvli,fxkawGtwGuf

jyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; awmif;qkdcJhwmyg?”

(u&if'kQonfa&;wufºuGv_yf&Sm;olwOD;)


Tumvwav#muf EkdifiHa&;raocsmr_rsm;/ tDav;qGJqufwkdufjzpfaeonfh

'kQonfrsm;xGufvmr_rsm;ESifh ywf0ef;usifrl0g'tajymif;tvJu 'kQonfwkd@

ynmoif,la&;/ ‚wkd@vuf0,f&&Sdrnfh t&nftcsif;ESifh oifhav#mfonfhynma&;ESifh

‚wkd@. t&nftcsif;A[kokwwkd@tm; vmrnfhrsKd;qufopftwGuf qnf;yl;a&;tjyif

vl@tokdif;t0kdif;zGH@òzd;wkd;wufr_wkd@twGuf avhvma&;wkd@tm; xdckdufapcJhonf?

Taqmif;yg;wGif rdrddwkd@taeESifh t"dutm;jzifh u&if'kQonfpcef;

ckESpfckwkd@&Sd ynma&;taxmuftyHhtm; avhvmwifjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf?

u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t&kH; Karen National Union (KNU) ESifh

qufpyfaeonfh u&ifynma&;Xme Karen Education Department (KED) taeESifh xkdpcef;rsm;wGif rl0g'a&;qGJa&;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifjcif;wkd@

wGif ta&;ygonfh tcef;u¾wpfckrS yg0ifaeayonf? ynma&;pepftm; tzGJ@

tpnf;tajrmuftrsm;u axmufyHh=uI tpkd;&r[kwfonfha'ocHtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;

(Oyrm - u&iftrsKd;orD;tzGJ@tpnf; Karen Women's Organisation (KWO) ESifh u&ifvli,ftzG@Jtpnf; Karen Youth Organisation (KYO)) tjyif tpkd;&r[kwfonfhEkdifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; (Oyrm - Zkdtm

'kQonfapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@ ZOA Refugee Care ESifh EkdifiHwum

uav;axmufyHha&;tzGJ@ International Child Support) u

taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmif=uonf?

xkdt"duu&if'kQonfpcef; ckESpfckwkd@wGif aexkdifol cef@rSef;ajcrSm 115000 a,mufcef@

jzpfI vl 54000 rSm uav;ESifh vli,frsm;wkd@jzpfonf? vlOD;&nf 4000 rS

45000 cef@xd&Sdonfhpcef;rsm;twGif; t=urf;zsOf;taeESifh trsKd;om;ESifhtrsKd;orD;

t&nftwGufjcif; wlnD=uonf? rwluGJjym;onfh a'oœ&wnf&Sdr_/

vlOD;&nfodyfonf;q/ vlOD;&nftkyfpkESifh vltokdif;t0kdif; zGJ@pnf;vkyfaqmifr_

qkdif&m t&nftcsif;wkd@u us,fjyef@a0;uGmonfh pcef; 7 cktm; oifhawmfI

t&nftcsif;jynfhrDonfh ynmay;a0a&;ESifh nSdE_dif;aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf rwlnDonfh

pdrfac:r_rsm;ay:aygufvmaponf?

xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&u 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tay: tºuGif;rJhtm%m&SdaeI rl0g'ESifh

taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;tm; jyXmef;vkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?

tpkd;&r[kwfonfh EkdifiHwumESifh a'ocH tzG@Jtpnf;rsm;tm; tajccHaxmufyHhr_/

vkdtyfonfhaqmif&Gufr_vkyfief;Xmersm;ESifh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;wkd@tm;

ynma&;taxmuftyHhtaeESifh ay;tyf&efcGifhðyxm;onf?

ynma&;vkyfief;Xmersm;. tykdif;tjcm;

taxGaxGynma&;pepfwGif ae@uav;xdrf;ynma&;/ rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;ESifh

tv,fwef;txuf ausmif;rsm;yg0ifonf? pcef;rsm;.ynma&;twGuf

xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;& rl0g'rSm wpfpHkwpfa,mufu pcef;rsm;jyifywGif

ynma&;vkdufpm;rnfudk pdk;&drfaoma=umifh ‚vkyfaqmifr_tm; wm;jrpfxm;um

pcef;wGif; tv,fwef;txuf ynma&;tqifhtxd cGifhðyxm;onf?

ausmif;oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;tm; u&ifynma&;Xme KED uvufcHtwnfðyay;I

ausmif;okH;pmtkyfrsm;tm; pcef;. ywf0ef;usiftaetxm;ESifh

vkdufavsmnDaxGjzpfap&ef qufwkduf jyifqifwkd;jrSifhðypk=uonf? uav;rsm;u

u&if/ Arm ESifh t*FvdyfbmomokH;rsKd;/ od`H/ ocsmF/ yx0D/ vlr_a&;od`HESifh

usef;rma&;bmom&yfwkd@tm; avhvm=uonf? pm&if;ay;oGif;xm;onfh

udef;*%ef;rsm;t& 2007-08 pmoifESpfwGif pcef;wGif;&Sd uav;rsm;. 18

&mckdifE_ef;cef@ rlvwef;ESifh tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif wufa&mufjcif;r&Sd

a=umif;jyocJhonf? ausmif;q&m/ q&mr 1500 ausmf tm; rpkd@rykd@vpmaiG

ay;tyfxm;onf? ‚wkd@taeESifh qlnHI vljynfhusyfaeonfh pmoifcef;rsm;/

taxmuftulðyypPnf;tenf;i,fESifh t&nftcsif;a&marGoif=um;onfh

pmoifcef;rsm;ESifh awG@ñuH&ifqkdif=u&onf? trsm;pku óud;yrf;I aumif;rGefpGm

oif=um;ay;aomfvnf; tawG@tñuHESifh u|rf;usifr_ tm;enf;onfhtaetxm;twkdif;

vkyf=u&onf ?

avhvma&;pDrHudef;rsm;tm; touft&G,f}uD;&ifholrsm;ESifh ausmif;raeonfh

vli,frsm;twGuf axmufyHhxm;onf? ‚wGif pmta&;tzwfoifwef;rsm; (paumESifh

ykd;u&if)/ bmompum;rsm; (t*FvdyfESifh xkdif;)/ toufarG;0rf;a=umif;r_twwfynm

(pkdufysKd;a&;/ pufcsKyf/ tcsuftðywf uJhokd@) vufr_ynmrsm; (qyfjymðyvkyfjcif;/

okd;ar$;xkd;jcif;) ESifh vl@tokdif;t0kdif;qkdif&mt&nftcsif; (tdyfcsftkdifAGD/ rkdif;tœ&m,f/

tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufjcif;) wkd@tjyif nausmif;rsm;&Sd tuef@towfjzifhay;tyfonfh

taxGaxG ynma&;wkd@ yg0ifonf? wufa&mufolrsm;taeESifh wefbkd;&Sdonfh

twwfynmA[kokwrsm;tm; &&Sd=uonf? okd@aomf 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh

Ttwwfynmwkd@jzifh touftarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;

tvGefvkdtyfaeayonf? xkdif;tpkd;&u ‚wkd@tm; pcef;rSxGufcGm tvkyfvkyfcGifhay;&ef

jiif;qefxm;onfhtwGuf pcef;wGif;&Sd pufcsKyfolrsm;/ *a[aqmfolrsm;ESifh

pm;zkdrSL;rsm;ponfh t&nftwGuf rsm;jym;onfhvlxktm; axmufyHh&ef

pcef;pD;yGm;a&;u tvGef@tvGefao;i,fayonf? okd@aomfvnf; 2007 ckESpfwGif yl;ay

gif;nDnGwfpGmpnf;&kH;qGJaqmifr_aemufykdif; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;.

yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_jzifh Zkdtm 'kQonfapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@taeESifh tpOftvmr[kwfonfh

a&S@ajy;pDrHcsuftm;pwif&eftwGuf 'kQonf 80 tm; r,fv'kQonfpcef;jyifywGif

pkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;rsm;xlaxmifcGifh&&Sda&;ESifh pcef;jyifyaps;twGif;

xGufukefrsm;tm;a&mif;cscGifhtm; xkdif;tpkd;&xHrS w&m;0ifcGifhðycsuf&&SdcJhonf?

xkdif;ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme. toufarG;ynma&;aumvdyfrsm; tjyif

xkdif;&Gmom;rsm;wkd@vnf;xkd@twl yg0ifvkyfaqmifvmr_u TueOD;vkyfief;opftm;

xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&rS vufcHvma&;twGuf ulnDaxmufyHhr_ jzpfcJhonf?

ta&;ay:rS aESmifhaES;=uef@=umaeonfh

xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwpfav#muf 'kQonfpcef;rsm;tm; ynma&;axmufyHhr_wkd@taeESifh

tESpfESpfq,fausmft=umwGif ajymif;vnf;r_taeESifh &nf&G,fcsufcsrSwfjcif;/

vufvSrf;csJ@xGifjcif;ESifh t&nftcsif;ESifh qufpyfr_wkd@tm; wkd;jrSifhaqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@

jzpfay:vmcJhonf?

aESmifhaES; =umjrifhaeonfh'kQonftajctaew&yf.

ynma&;tajymif;tvJrmhcf Aef'g pwkd;0DESifh pktefef tkd@

Mar

c va

n de

r Sto

uwe

r,f&m

rvGef

pcef;&Sd

tv,fwef;

ausmif;om;

wOD;

rJha[mif

aqmif c&kdif/

xkdif;EkdifiH


'kQonftajctaeokd@

prf;oyfr_/ trSm;t,Gif;ESifh vufawG@vkyfaqmifr_wkd@tm; ESpfESifhcsDIaqmif&Guf+yD;

aemufykdif; ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;onf ,cktcg E_dif;,SOf=unfhygu pcef;aumfrwD.

uwdtwkdif; yg0iftaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufr_tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;pGmjzifh

tusKd;&Sdc&D;a&mufonfhykHpHwGif &SdvmcJhonf? 'kQonfrsm;u pcef;rsm;xJwGif

ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aexkdif=uonfhtaetxm;&Sdaomfvnf; tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@

rsm;u &kd;&m,Ofaus;r_tajccHonfhaxmufyHhr_vkyfaqmifa&;csOf;uyfr_t&

vkyfukdif=uonf? Ttajctaeu ,cktcg ynma&;t&nftcsif;wkd;jrSifhr_ESifh

tajccHtaxmuftyHhay;tyfr_tay: ckdifrmr_jzpfapa&;wkd htm; av;eufaponfh

a&&SnfzGH@òzd;wkd;wufr_ESifh ynma&;r[mAsL[mcsvkyfaqmifr_wkd@tm; vkdtyfvmonf?

rnfokd@yifjzpfap ausmif;aqmufvkyfjcif;ESifh ausmif;okH;taxmuftulðyyPnf;

u&d,mrsm;uJhokd@ tajccHvkyfief;rsm; (okd@) Xmersm; wkd;wufr_tm; vpfv#L&_

Ir&ay? ta=umif;rlum; 'kQonfrsm;u tenf;qkH; a'ocHxkdif;tokdif;t0kdif;wkd@

ESifh tjyeftvSeftóud;ðyr_&Sdonfh pcef;rsm;twGif;aexkdif=u+yD; pcef;jyifywGif

c&D;oGm;vma&;ukdvnf;wm;jrpfxm;jcif;cH=u&onf? xkd@a=umifh ‚wkd@

taeESifh tvGeftajccHusonfhykHpHjzpfonfhwkdif jyifytzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tay:wGif

rSDckdae=u&onf? TtajccHaxmufyHhr_ay;a&;tm; jznfhpnf;&eftwGuf

q&mjzpfoifwef;/ oif&kd;n$ef;wef;ESifh ukef=urf;zG@Hòzd;wkd;wufa&;ESifh ynma&;pDrHcef@

cGJvkyfaqmifaeonfh0efxrf;wkd@. t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;uJhokd@aom ynma&;vkyfief;

&Sdvkyfief;cGifrsm;wGif a&&Snf=um;0ifaqmif&Gufr_twGuf taxmuftulðyr_rsm;tm; &

&Sda&;vkyfaqmifay;&efvkdtyfonf?

Tpcef;twkdif;twmt& a&&Snft&nftjcif;jrSifhwifa&;y%mr ajcvSrf;rsm;.

t"duxm;csufu ynma&;t&nftaoG;ESifh wm&SnfcHr_ESpfckpvkH;tm; ukdifwG,fa&;

ESpfrsKd;okH;&nfrSef;csufjzpfonf? t"duxm;vkyfaqmifonfh ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme

tygt0if ynma&;Xmersm; t"duyk~Kdvfrsm;ESifh yl;wGJvkyfukdifonfh oif=um;r_t

&nftaoG;ykdrkdwkd;wufa&; opfvGifr_ESifh qef;opfonfh 0ifa&mufaqmif&Gufr_wkd@

rSwqifhavhvma&;wkd@tm;vkyfaqmifjcif;jzifh wkd;wufr_jzpfay:vmE_difayrnf?

aESmifhaES;=uef@=umaeonfh 'kQonftajctae. wm&SnfcHr_u 'kQonfwkd@

tajctaeu wm&SnfcHrnfht"dy`g,fr[kwfonfhtwGuf &_yfaxG;onfhudPjzpfonf?

u&ifynma&;XmeESifhE_dif;,SOf=unfhygu ‚. ynma&;Xmersm;tem*wfu

aocsmr_r&Sdjcif;t}uD;tus,fjzpfaeonfhtjyif pcef;twkdif;twmESifh ynma&;pDrHcef@

cGJa&;vkyfaqmifae=uolrsm;uvnf; tem*wfwGifrnfokd@yifjzpfvmapumrl -

(jrefrmEkdifiHokd@jyefykd@cH&jcif;/ wwd,EkdifiHokd@ a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_cH&jcif; okd@r[kwf

xkdif;tokdif;t0kdif;twGif; aygif;pyfaexkdifapjcif;) - xkdtem*wf ynma&;pDrHcef@

cGJr_rsm;wGif tcef;u¾wpfpkHwpf&m yg0ifOD;aqmifvkyfukdifrnfholrsm;jzpfvmrnf

h taetxm;awG@&onf? xkd@a=umifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfh ynma&;taxmuftyHhay;tzGJ@

rsm;u ‚wkd@. csOf;uyfr_tm; tuef@towfxm;vkyfaqmifae&onfh

u&ifynma&;aumfrwDtm; ynma&;ausmif;wpfcktjzpf taxmuftulay;jcif;rS

tqifhrsm;pGmyg0ifonfh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&;csOf;uyfr_okd@ ao;i,fonfhtqifh

(Oyrm - 'kQonfpcef;) ukd tm;aumif;apa&; tjyif;txeft"duxm;vkyfaqmif

cJhonf?

a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;'kQonfrsm; wwd,EkdifiHokd@ wdk;yGm;a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;vkyfaqmifaejcif;u

txl;ojzifh pcef;aumfrwDrsm;ESifh ynma&;pepfwkd@tm; t"duxdckdufr_jzpfaponf?

ajymif;a&$@tacsjca&;a&G;cs,fr_u 'kQonfrsm;twGif; ynma&;vkyfom;rsm;tygt0if

t&nftcsif;ykdrkdwwfajrmufonfholwkd@. tcsKd;tpm;rr#wonfh t&nftwGufwkd@

jzpfvmaponf? omvGefaumif;rGefonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; a&$@ajymif;

ae&mcsxm;a&;u ay;xm;onfhwkdif txl;ojzifh pcef;wGif;ynma&;v_yf&Sm;r_

rsm;tm; &_yfaxG;r_jzifh taumiftxnfazmf&onfhtaetxm; jzpfaponf?

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;twGuf ynma&;0efxrf;rsm;pGmwkd@

oifwef;wufa&mufaepOf okd@r[kwf oifwef;+yD;v#if+yD;csif; pcef;rsm;

r‡xGufcGmoGm;=uonfhtwGuf &Sdaeonfht&nftaoG;twkdif;twm jzifh

taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifa&; tcuftcJawG@&ayonf? vkH;0topfpufpuf

odk@r[kwf tawG@tñuHr&Sdonfh ynma&;vkyfom;tkyfpktm; ‚wkd@vnf;

tcsdefwkdtcsdef&SnftwGif; xGufcGmoGm;rnfhtœ&m,f&Sdonfhwkdif ykd@csay;aeonfh ynma&;

vkyfief;rsm;qufvufaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf tjrefoifwef;ay;=u&onf?

xkdpkd;&drfr_rsm;tm;ajz&Sif;a&;twGuf pOf;pm;oifhonfh jzpfE_difajcy%mrajcvSrf;wkd@wGif

atmufygtcsuf wkd@yg0ifonf?

&ufwkdq&mjzpfoifwef;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfjcif;jzifh ausmif;q&mopfwkd@ �taeESifh jrefE_difoItjrefqkH; pmoifcef;wGif;oif=um;a&;wkd@ pwifE_dif&ef?

&Sd+yD;jzpfonfh jzmqif;aeonfhoifwef;ykHpHtm; uGif;qif;tajcðyoifwef;q&mrsm;u �qufwkdufykd@csr_taxmuftyHhay;tyfa&;ESifh tawG@tñuHenf;onfh

q&mrsm;tm; oifwef;ay;jcif;uJhokd@aom wkduf&kdufpcef;wGif; tpkd;&r[kwfonfh

tzGJ@tpnf;u ukdifwG,fonfhykHpH jznfhpGufvkyfaqmif&ef?

xkdokd@ r=umrDuwnfaxmifcJhonfh t&nftcsif;wl,E W&m;tm; �t&Sdeft[kefjrSifhjcif;wpfck vkyfaqmifjcif;?

a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;tusKd;qufjzifh qufpyf&ef vuf&SdpDrHcsufrsm;tm;

xdef;nSd&efrSa0;uGmaoma=umifh tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh a&$@

ajymif;tajccsa&;tpDtpOf&Sdonfh 'kQonfrsm;tm; taemufEkdifiHrsm;wGif

aexkdifa&;twGuf ykdrkdwyfqifay;rnfh v_yf&Sm;r_topfrsm;tm; xlaxmifay;&ef

&SmazG=uonf? OyrmtaeESifh - Zkdtm 'kQonfhapmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ@u vkyfaqmif

aeonfh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yf oifwef;ESifh orm;&kd;usr[kwfonfh

ynma&; pDrHcsufrsm;wkd@jzpfonf? aqG;aEG;csufrsm;u xkdif;ynma&;0ef}uD;XmeESifh t

jcm;a'owGif;tultnDay;vkyfief;vkyfukdifaeolrsm;jzifh &nfwkdoifwef;rsm;tm;

'[email protected] ( jznfhpnf;ay;jcif;ESif apmifha&Smufa&;u¾ uJhokd@

'kQonfrsm;n$efjyxm;onfh tvkyftukdiftcGifhta&;jzpfE_difajcrsm;) ESifh todtrSwf

ðyvufrSwfay;tyfjcif;wkd@ aqmif&Gufay;&efjzpfonf? t*Fvdyfpmavhvma&;

tpDtpOfwckkukdvnf; pcef;wkdif;wGifwnfaxmifI a&$@ajymif;tajccsa&;twGuf

tajccHt*Fvdyfpmt&nftcsif;ukd axmufyHhay;cJhonf? xkdxlaxmifxm;onfh

pDrHudef;opftwGif; pdwfyg0ifpm;r_ESifh wufa&mufavhvmr_rSm tvGefjrifhrm;onfh

t&nftwGufjzpfonf?

rl0g'ajymif;vnf;r_ESifh tm;ay;r_tu,fI xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&u 'kQonfrsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfaqmifcsuf

rsm;vkyfukdif&ef okd@r[kwf pcef;jyify&Sd vkyfief;rsm;wGif0ifa&mufvkyfukdif&efcGifhray;

vkdonfhq&Sdygu vuf&SdaxmufyHha&;vkyfief;,E W&m;rsm;ESifh ckdif+rJwnf+idrfr_r&Sdonfh

=um;0ifaqmif&Gufr_rsm; wnf&Sd ºuGif;usefaernfjzpfonf? TcsOf;uyfr_wGif rnfokd@

yifjzpfap tcsKd@ajymif;vJr_rsm;. oauFwwkd@&Sdonf? xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&u

'kQonftajctaeonf tem*wfwGifqufvufwnf&Sdaernfhtaetxm;&SdI

txl;ojzifh ynma&;0ef}uD;Xmeu ae&yfrSarmif;ESifxkwfcH&olrsm;twGuf ynma&;t

cGifhtvrf;rsm;tm;zGifhvifhay;jcif;onf ‚. tm;vHk;twGufynma&; yef;wkdifrsm;t&

uwdtwkdif; wkd;wufjrifhwifvmapa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifaeayonf?

e,fpyfwpfav#muf&Sd tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh ‚wkd@.

tcef;u¾taeESifh jznfhpGufjcif;jzifh wkef@jyefjcif;taeESifh ‘tajccHjznfhpnf;r_

vkyfaqmifolrsm;’ESifh ‘t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifolrsm;’ u¾taeESifh‚/ wwd,

tcef;u¾tjzpf ‘pnf;&kH;qGJaqmifjcif;ESifh axmufcHtm;ay;olrsm;’

u¾rS‚ vkyfaqmifcJh=uonf? ‚wkd@taeESifh xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&twGif;

'kQonfrsm;. ynma&;/ oifwef;ESifh toufarG;0rf;a=umif;udPrsm;

b0t&nftcsif;wkd;wufa&;twGuf qkH;jzwfcsufcsxm;a&;udPrsm;wGif v$rf;rkd;E_dif&ef

wufºuGpGmvkyfaqmif=uonf? xkdqGJaqmifr_rsm;ESifh tm;ay;r_vkyfief;rsm;wGif pcef;rsm;

ykdrkdvrf;zGifhay;a&;vkdtyfcsufu txl;tav;xm;onfh tcsufwpfckjzpfonf? ,if;rSm

'kQonfrsm; pcef;rsm;rS xGufcGmE_dif+yD; ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; cHpm;&&Sdap&efESifh

(okd@r[kwf) ynma&;tcGifhta&;opfrsm;tm; pcef;rsm;twGif; a&$@ajymif;0ifa&muf

vkyfukdifcGifh&&Sda&;wkd@jzpfonf?

vuf&Sdtaetxm;wGif u&ifynma&;Xmeonf jrefrmoif&kd;t"dutajccHxm;onfh

ukd,fykdifoif&kd;n$ef;wrf;tm; tokH;ðyaeaomfvnf; tjcm;uBmha'orsm;pGm&Sd

oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;rsm;rS oifcef;pmta=umif;t&mrsm;pGmukd xnfhoGif;jyXmef;cJh=uonf?

Ttcsufu twef;rsm;ESifh bmom&yfrsm;t=um; oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;tquftpyftm;

enf;r_jzpfjcif;/ a'oqkdif&mta=umif;t&m taetxm;ESifh vkdufavsmnDaxGr_

tm;enf;jcif;ESifh &Hzef&Hcg t&nftaoG;jynfhpkHr_r&Sdjcif;wkd@ukd jzpfaponf? xkd@jyif

xkdoif&kd;n$ef;wrf;u w&m;0iftodtrSwfðyxm;onfhoif&kd;n$ef;wrf;r[kwfI

ausmif;om;rsm;ynma&; +yD;qkH;ygu &&Sdonfh atmifvufrSwfonf pcef;jyifywGif

wefbkd;r&Sdjzpf&ayonf? ,cif ynma&;0ef}uD;XmeESifh aqG;aEG;csufrsm;tm;

tajccHI ,cktcg jzpfE_difajct& vuf&Sda'otcsuftvufrsm; rsm;E_difoIrsm;pGm

xnfhoGif;xm;onfh pcef;oif&kd;n$ef;wrf;tm; a&G;cs,fykdifcGifhtm; todtrSwfðy&ef

q&SdykH&onf? TtcsufrSm xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&ESifh 'kQonfaumfrDwDESpfckpvkH;

qwfqwfxdrcHE_difonfh EkdifiHa&;oabmoufouf tvGefjzpfonf? okd@aomf ,cktcg

'kQonfrsm;wGif ,cifuvufvSrf;rrDonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;&&Sdvm+yDjzpfonf?


2004 ckESpf rwfvuwnf;u +Adwdo#EkdifiHtaeESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;

pDrHcsuf0ifayguf Gateway Protection Programme [k vlodrsm;onfh

ajymif;a&$@ae&mcsxm;a&;pDrHcsufukd cGJa0,lxm;onfh'kQonfrsm; twGuf

pwifvkyfaqmifcJhonf? 'kQonfrsm;tm; ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif; }uD;&kH;.

uGif;qif;t&m&Sdwkd@u a&G;cs,fI +Adwdo#ekdifiHokd@ t+rJwrf; w&m;0iftqifhtwef;jzifh

a&muf&SdcJh=uonf? ,ae@txd jrefrmEkdifiH/

uGef*kd'Drkdu&ufwpfoRwEkdifiHESifh vkdufab;&D;,m;EkdifiHwkd@rS 'kQonfrsm; taeESifh

T pDrHcsufrSwqifh a&muf&SdcJh=u+yD; &SufzD;/ [l;vfESifh aemh&pf&Sf òrd@}uD;rsm;wGif

aexkdifp&mae&m ay;tyfcJh=uonf?

trsm;pku xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwav#muf 'kQonfpcef;rsm;wGif aexkdif=uonfh

u&ifwkdif;&if;om;tkyfpkrS jzpf=uonf? usefolrsm;rSm tjcm;tkyfpkrsm;jzpfonfh

rGef/ ytkd@0f/ &kd[if*smESifh 1988 ckESpfwGif ppftm%modrf;tkyfpktm; qef@usifcJhonfh

trsKd;om;ta&;awmfykHaemufykdif; e,fpyfa'orsm;okd@ xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smifvm=uonfh

jrefrmausmif;om;rsm;jzpfI xkdolrsm;onf uBmhukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[m rif;

}uD;&kH;ESifh oufqkdifolrsm;tjzpf todtrSwfðycHxm;&olrsm; jzpf=uayonf?

+Adwdo#tpkd;&u EkdifiHwuma&$@ajymif;aexkdifolrsm;twGuftzGJ@tpnf; / 'kQ

onfopfa&muf&Sda&;pDrHudef;ESifh 'kQonfaumifpDponfh +Adwdo#tzGJ@tpnf;

okH;ckESifh Ta&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&; yHhykd;r_rsm;tm; vkyfaqmifv#uf&Sdonf?

+Adwdo#EkdifiHokd@a&mufonfESifh 'kQonfaumifpDu vlr_0efxrf;tvkyf/

tdrf,mcsxm;jcif;ESifh bmomjyefaxmufyhHjcif;wkd@tm; &SufzD;tokdif;t0kdif;tcGifh

tvrf;tzGJ@ bmomjyefXmeESifh tdrf,mcsxm;a&;tpnf;t&kH;/ a,mhcf&_dif;,m;

vkHðcHonfhckdv_H&mtzGJ@wkd@ ESifhyl;aygif;aqmif&GufI a&muf&Sdvmonfhvlopfrsm;twGuf

yxr 12 vwmwGif axmufyHhay;onf? 12 v jynfhonfhtcg a'ocH

EkdifiHom;t=uHay;tpkd;&Xme/ ajrmufykdif;'kQonfA[kdXmeESifh tpkd;&.

trSefpwifa&;pDrHcsufwkd@u axmufyHhtultnDay;=uonf?

jrefrm'kQonfrsm;a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;u b0rsm;tm; jyefvnfxlaxmif&efESifh

*k%foduQmjyefvnf&&Sda&;cGifhðyxm;onfrSm oHo,jzpfp&mrvkday? xkdif;ekdifiH&Sd

'kQonfpcef;rsm;taeESifh ta&;ay: uGm[r_uGufvyfrsm;jynfhESufaeonfh

ywf0ef;usiftm; wif;usyfpGmcsKyfukdifxm;jcif;cH&onf? xkdvkyfief;rsm;u

txl;ojzifh 'kQonfwkd@. umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_/ ynma&;ESifh oifwef;rsm;wkd@ESifh

xif&Sm;onfh =umanmif;vSonfh yËdyQobm0ESifh pcef;wGif;aexkdif&onfhb0rsm;.

wkduf&kduftusKd;oufa&mufr_. pdwfykdif;qkdif&mvkdtyfcsufrsm;apmifha&Smuf

a&; wkd@ESifhqufpyfaeayonf? &SufzD;okd@a&muf&Sdvmonfh 'kQonfrsm;taeESifh

pcef;ywf0ef;usifa=umifh ukd,fpGrf;Om%fpGrf;rJhae&onfhtaetxm;rS tcGifhta&;

jyefvnfay:aygufjzpfxGef;r_wpkHw&m&Sdaomfvnf; pcef;wGif;b0u a&$@ajymif;ae

&mcsxm;a&;vkyfief;pOftm;xdckdufaponf? Ttcsuftm; tultnDay;tyfr_

rsm;pDrHcef@cGJa&;vkyfaqmif&mwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&efvkdtyfonf? ajymif;a&$@

tajccsvmonfh'kQonfrsm;twGuf tcsKd@t=uHay;Xmersm;xHrStultnD&E_dif

aomfvnf; apmifhqkdif;&onfhumvESifh Tapmifha&Smufr_tm;&&Sda&;tcuftcJrsm;rSm

jy\emjzpfonf? vlwkd@.=urf;wrf;onfhtawG@tñuHa=umihfjzpfay:vmonfh

pdwf'%f&mrsm;tm; tultnDay;&mwGif t=uHay;vkyfaqmifa&;twGuf

tykdaqmif;&HykHaiGvkdtyfonf?

+Adwdo#EkdifiHokd@a&muf&Sdvmonfhtay: ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh ywf0ef;usifESifhtom;us

atmifrdwfqufay;jcif;/ tcGifhta&;ESifh cHpm;ykdifcGifhwkd@ESifhqkdifonfh

tcsuftvufrsm;u ‚wkd@ukd,fukd,fukd,kH=unfr_ykdrkdwkd;wufapayrnfjzpfonf?

Oyrm - ‚wkd@taeESifh bmomjyefrsm;tm; tokH;csE_difcGifhESifh tultnDawmif;ykdifcGifhwkd@

jzpfonf? &SufzD;okd@a&muf&Sd+yD;aemuf vtenf;i,ft=umwGif ‚.wkdufcef;twGuf

2005 ckESpf arvrS 2007 ckESpf pufwifbmvtwGif; xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfrS 'kQonf

174 OD;wkd@onf +Adwdo#EkdifiH &SufzD;òrd@wGif a&$@ajymif; tacspkdufaexkdif=uonf?

omvGefaumif;rGefonfh jyifqifr_ESifh ykdrkdI vufawG@usonfh tultnDwkd@u

‚wkd@. +Adwdo#tokdif;t0kdif;twGif; aygif;pnf;aexkdifr_twGuf

oufawmifhoufomjzpfaprnfjzpfonf?

arWmjzifh&SufzD;okd@ yufx&pf&Sm [kdif;pf ESifh ,OfrGefol

txufwef;tqifh ynma&;tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; &&SdE_difa&; a&G;cs,fr_rsm;tm;

'kQonfrsm;twGuf pOf;pm;ay;&ef xkdif;tm%mydkiftpkd;&ESifh r=umrDu

aqG;aEG;r_rsm;ðyvkyfcJhonf? y%mrtaeESifh 'kQonfausmif;olausmif;om;

8 OD;wkd@ xkdif;wuUokdvfrsm;wGif wufa&mufcGifhðycJhI TtcGifhtvrf;rSm

tjcm;'kQonfausmif;om;rsm;. tem*wftwGuf vrf;cif;ay;jcif;jzpfonf?

'kQonfpcef;rsm;twGif;rS ta0;oifynma&;pepf&&Sda&;rSm vkyfukdifrnfholrsm;

ykdrkdyg0ifvmonfhtjyif xkdif;tm%mykdiftpkd;&. tifwmeuf qufoG,fcGifhay;a&;vkdt

yfonfhtwGuf (EkdifiHa&;t&txdrcHE_difonfhudP) ykdI&_yfaxG;ayonf? TrsufESmpmwGif

wkd;wufa&;rSm tcsdefykdrkdvkdtyfrnf/ tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tjcm;yk~Kdvfwkd@

taeESifh qGJaqmifr_qufvufvkyfukdif&ef vkdtyfrnf[k ar#mfvifh&ayonf?

ed*kH;csKyfe,fpyfwpfav#muf&Sd woD;yk*~vrsm;ESifh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESifh pOf;pm;oifhonfh

rl0g'rsm;ESifh vufawG@tuef@towfrsm;t=um; oifhawmfIt&nftaoG;rDonfh

ynma&;ay;tyfE_dif&ef óud;yrf;=uonf? a&&SnfqGJobm0tajctaeay;vmr_&&Sdaeao

mfvnf; ,cktcg u,fq,fa&;ykHpHab;wGif wkd;jrSifhvkyfaqmif&ef/ pcef;aumfrDwDrsm;ESifh

‚wkd@. ynma&;pepfrsm; zG@Hòzd;wkd;wufa&;tajccH

enf;AsL[mqkdif&mqkH;jzwfcsufrsm; ðyvkyf&efwkd@ vkdtyfaeayonf? xkd@tjyif

ynma&;tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh axmufyHhjcif;twGuf tajctaeudkzefwD;,ljcif;/

qGJaqmifjcif;ESifh axmufcHjcif;tjyif xkdif;EkdifiHwGif rl0g'tajymif;tvJr_jzpf&ef

wkduf&kdufqufEG,faqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@ðyvkyf&ef tvGefta&;}uD;ayonf?

rmhcf Aef'g pwkd;0D ([email protected]) onf Zkdtm

'kQonfapmifha&Smufa&; (www.zoa.nl) rS taumiftxnfazmfvkyfaqmifaeonfh

xkdif;EkdifiH&Sd jrefrm'kQonfrsm;twGuf twkdif;twmjrifhonfhynma&;ESifh

oifwef;pDrHudef;rsm;tm; OD;aqmifr_ESifh t=uHay;r_wkd@tm; 2003 ckESpfrS 2007

ckESpftxd vkyfaqmifcJholjzpfonf? pktefef tkd@ ([email protected]) onf

'kQonfynma&; vlr_aA'ynm&SifwOD;jzpfI xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf&Sd okawoet=uHay;taeESifh

tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGif 2005 ckESpfrSpI vkyfukdifaeoljzpfonf?

1 www.karen.org/knu/knu.htm2 xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf,m,Dpkpnf;tultnDay;tzGJ@ wnf&Sd&m vlt&nftwGuf? 2008 ckESpf ZM0g&Dv

www.tbbc.org/camps/populations.htm3 Oh, S-A, Ochalumthan, S, Pla Law La and Htoo, J. (2006) ynma&;ppfwrf;-2005/ xkdif;EkdifiH/ Zkdtm 'kQonf

apmifha&Smufa&; http://www.burmalibrary.org/show.php?cat=2020.

Htu

n Li

nn L

att

&SufzD;wGif

b0txm

usa&;

vkyfaqmif

ae=uonfh

pma&;ol

r,OfrGefol

tygt0if

a&$@ajymif;

tajccs

jrefrm

'kuQonfrsm;

UK


v#yfppfoG,fwef;r_tm;jyifqif&efvkdtyfonfh 'kQonftrsKd;orD;wpfOD;u

atmufygtwkdif; rSwfcsufðycJhonf?

“usrolwkd@ukd quf+yD;wkdifwmawmwmawG vkyfraecsifawmhygbl;? usru

qufwkdufwkdifawmaew,fqkd+yD; olwkd@&Jha'goawGusrtay:usvmrSmwkd@

usrtultnDawmif;wm vpfv#L&_rSmwkd@ukd pkd;&drfygw,f?”

Ttjzpfu ukd,fukd,fukd,kH=unfr_tjynfht0r&Sdr_jzpf+yD; rnfonhftm%mykdifukdrqkd

a=umuf&GH@jcif;u a&$@ajymif;tajccsaexkdifa&;twGuf tjcm;r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh

tultnDrsm;tay: twm;tqD;wpfckyifjzpfonf? Ta=umuf&GH@onfhtajccH

ta=umif;w&m;tm; a&$@ajymif;tajccsay;a&; tultnDay;Xmersm;taeESifh

tajccHpOf;pm;&efvkdtyfr_u Tvkyfief;pOftwGif; tapmykdif;uwnf;u&Sif;vif;

xif&Sm;aecJhonfhjyif tpOD;ykdif; 12 v [lonfh ulnDaxmufyHhjcif;u

vkHavmufr_r&Sdonfhtajctaetjzpf us,fjyef@pGmpOf;pm;cJh=uonf?

xkdtcsdeftwkdif;twmausmfvGefonfhtcg T a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;r_ueOD;umv.

pdefac:r_okH;&yfrSm xif&Sm;vmonf? xkdpdeffac:r_wkd@rSm bmompum;udPrsm;/

enf;ynmESifhywfoufonfhjy\emrsm;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_ESifh ywf0ef;[email protected];r_

twGif; aea&;xkdifa&;cufcJr_rsm;wkd@jzpf=uonf?

bmompum;udPrsm;+Adwdo#EkdifiHokd@a&muf&SdvmcJhonfh tjcm;ckdv_Holrsm;ESifh a&$@ajymif;

tajccsolopfrsm;ESifhtwl ra&mufcif bmompum;ajymoifwef;tcsKd@ykd@

csay;cJhaomfvnf; bmompum;ajymqkdaqmif&Gufr_rsm;u qufoG,fr_twGuf

twm;tqD;jzpf&onf? Oyrm - vlwkd@tm; ta&;ay:w,fvDzkef;eHygwfrsm;tm;

*&kxm;ap&efavhusifhay;xm;onf? okd@aomf rnfonfhtcsdefwGif tokH;ðy

&rnfqkdonfESifh w,fvDzkef;vmukdifygu rnfokd@vkyf&rnf/ ajym&rnfwkd@ukd

oifwef;wGifoifay;&ef usef&SdaecJhonf? tusKd;pD;yGm;qkdif&mtaxmuftulðy

Xmersm;ESifh qufoG,faqmif&Gufa&;onfvnf; wifjyxm;onfh udPjzpfonf? jy\

emESifhodk@r[kwf qlnHonfhywf0ef;usifESifh &ifqkdif&jcif;/

um;vufrSwf0,f,ljcif;ESifh vrf;n$efqkdif;bkwfrsm;twkdif;

vkdufvHoGm;vmjcif;wkd@yif?

t*Fvdyfbmpum;axmufyhHr_onf t"dutcsufjzpfonf?

+Adwdo#ekdifiHokd@pufwifbmvywf0ef;usifwGif

ausmif;pm&if;oGif;csdeftwGif; a&muf&SdcJholrsm;taeESifh

oifwef;rsm;wufcGifh&onf? uav;xdef;ausmif;wGifuav;rsm;ukd

xm;&SdcGifhudkvnf; tusKd;cHpm;cGifhxkdvufrSwf&Sdolrsm; twGuf

tcGifhtvrf;ay;xm;onf? 'kQonfaumifpDvkyftm;ay;rsm;u

tdrfpmESifh tjcm;tykdaqmif;avhvma&; taxmuftyHhwkd@jzifh

ulnD=uonf? ausmif;tvkduf ausmif;tyfpm&if;ay;xm;onfh

uav;rsm;u wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pk oif=um;a&;taxmuftulwkd@

tm;avhvmoif=um;&ef oifhav#mfonf[kqdkum cGifhðycJhonf?

okd@aomf xkdae&mwkd@rSm ‚[email protected];ESifh reD;onfhtwGuf

um;ESifhoGm;=u&onf? xkdtcg qufoG,faqmif&Gufa&;jy\

emrsm;ESifh awG@ñuH=u&jyefonf?

bmompum;ESifh tvkyftukdifudPrsm;onf cGJjcm;r&avmufatmif

qufEG,fr_&Sdaeayonf? u&iftrsKd;om; wpfOD;u

atmufygtwkdif;wifjycJhonf?

“usaemft*Fvdyfpum;rajymwwfbl;? t"dy`g,fu

tJ'Dawmh tvkyf&Smbkd@cufwmaygh? tusKd;cHpm;cGifhXmeukd

u|efawmftrSeftwkdif;ajymjyawmh tvkyfr&Sm&aumif;vm;qkd+yD;

u|efawmh&Jh cHpm;cGifhukd wcgwnf;jzwfypfvkdufw,f?”

xkdtajctaersm;twGif; tvkyf&Sma&;vkyfaqmifaeygonf

qkdonfhoufaojyr_u txl;ojzifh cufcJvSonf? tu,fI

‚wkd@ezl;awG@'l;awG@awG@&onfh tvkyfXme. t&m&SdrSm cufxefwif;rmaeonfh

taetxm;ESifh bmomjyefay;rnfholvnf;r&Sdygu yk~Kdvfa&;zdtm;jzpfvmum

tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&yfwef@&onfh em;vnfr_vGJonfhtajcokd@OD;wnfaeayonf?

tu,fI 'kQonfwpfOD;taeESifh t&nftcsif;rvkdtyfonfh tvkyftukdif&&Sdygu

vkHðcHtœ&,fuif;pGmvkyfukdifa&; pnf;ur;frsm;tm; em;vnfvkdufemE_difjcif;r&Sdr_onf

jy\emwpfckjzpfvmjyefonf? +Adwdo#EkdifiH&Sd 'kQonftvkyftukdifESifh oifwef;ykd@

csr_ay;tyfaeolrsm;taeESifh xkdif;EkdifiHrSvmonfh 'kQonfrsm;wGif pcef;jyifyokd@xGufI

tvkyfvkyfukdifcGifhtm; wif;=uyfpGmwm;jrpfjyXmef;xm;cJhonfhtay: tvkyfvkyfukdif&ef

tcGifhta&; tenf;i,fom&Sdonfukdowdðyrd&efvkdtyfonf? tvkyftukdiftwGuf

oif=um;ay;cJhjcif;r&SdcJhonfh pufr_EkdifiHwpfckwGifjyefvnftajccsaexkdifonfh

'kQonfwkd@. 'kQtwkdif;tqtm; wm0ef,lpdwfjzifh ajz&Sif;&efvkdonf? 'kQonfrsm;pGmwkd@

taeESifh t&nftcsif;jrSifhwifa&; okd@r[kwf &Sd+yD;om;t&nftcsif;wkd@tay:

todtrSwfðyvufrSwf vkdtyfayrnf? okd@r[kwfu Ttaetxm;u ‚wkd@

tm; pdwffusapjcif;ESifh tiftm;rJhjzpfapjcif;wkd@ jzpfapayrnf? ‚wkd@taeESifh t&

nftcsif;rsm;vkdtyfonfqkdonfhwkdif todtrSwfðyvufrSwfay;jcif; odk@r[kwf

oifwef;rsm;xyfrHay;jcif;wkd@u oyGwftlvkdufaeonfh twm;tqD; jzpfaeaponf?

u&iftrsKd;orD;'kQonfwpfOD;u atmufygtwkdif;&Sif;jycJhonf?

“'kQonfpcef;xJrSm usr om;zGm;q&mrtaeeJ@vkyfvmwm tESpf 20 &Sd+yD?'g

ayr,fh'DrSmawmh usrukd,fusr 'kQdweD;yg;avmuf tokH;rusjzpfae&w,f xifw,f?”

pufr__enf;ynmae@pOf a&wGif;rSa&ukd o,f,lokH;pGJae&onfh 'kQonfpcef;rSxGufvmcJhI

a&bkHbkdifacgif;rS a&yla&at;tvG,fwul&&SdE_difonfh òrdjyokd@a&muf&Sdvm=uonf?

okd@aomfjim;vnf; pufr_enf;ynmu b%ftokH;ðyjcif;/ uGef¹ylwmtokH;ðyjcif;

okd@r[kwf tifwmeuftokH;ðyjcif;wkd@u avhvm&eftcsdef,l&onf?

jynfxJa&;rSxkwfay;xm;onfh aexkdifolrsm;tjzpfoufaocHpm&G

ufrsm;tm; tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&&SdaiGukd vufcH&ef r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonfh

b%fpmtkyfvufrSwfzGifh&eftwGuf b%fwkdif;vufcHonfr[kwfajc?

aiGom;vufiif;ay;jcif; odk@r[kwf tvkdavsmufpuf,œ&m;rsm; tokH;ðyjcif;

wkd@jzifh aiGxkwf,la&; ponfh tajccHb%fvkyfief;rsm;onfvnf;

oif,l&efcufcJonhftaetxm;tjzpf oufaojycJhonf?

pcef;rsm;twGif;aexkdifcJhonfh aiGtokH;ðycJhonfh 'kQonfwkd@taeESifh b%fpepftm;

vG,fulpGmvufcHonfr[kwfay? wcgw&H vG,fulpGmtokH;ðyE_difa&;twGuf ‚wkd@.

aiGrsm;tm; vuf0,fodrf;xm;avh&Sdonf?

tar&duef

,Ofaus;r_

rdwfquf

u¾twGif;

a&$@ajymif;

aexkdifa&;

twGuf

EkdifiHwum

tzGJ@}uD;

IOM .

0efxrf;

tzGJ@0ifESifh

jrefrm

vli,f

'kuQonfrsm;

IOM

200

7/M

TH02

29/T

hier

ry F

alis

e

“ukvor~'kQonfrsm;qkdif&mr[mrif;}uD;&kH;. uGif;qif;t&m&Sdrsm;a&mufvm+yD;

pcef;rsm;twGif;&Sd 'kQonfwkd@taeESifh A[kokwr&Sd okd@r[kwf olwkd@oGm;a&mufE_

difonfh EkdifiHrsm;. tcsuftvufrsm;tm; rod&SdbJ Tb0ajymif;vJa&;

qkH;jzwfcsuftm; cs=u&onf?”


tcsKd@vlopfa&mufvmolrsm;taeESifh rD;zkdacsmiftaxmuftulðyypPnf;rsm; tm;

tjynfhtpkH &if;ESD;pGm tokH;ðyE_difa&;twGuf tcsdef 6 vywf0ef;usif=umonf?

bwfpfum;rsm;ay:wGif wHcg;rnfokd@zGifhrnf/ "gwfavSum;rnfokd@tokH;ðyrnfwkd@

onfvnf; avhvm&eftcsdefwpkHw&mvkdtyfonf? ueOD;a&$@ajymif;tacscsr_twGif;

'kQonfrsm;tm; xkdae@pOfpdefac:r_rsm;tm;ajz&Sif;E_difa&;twGuf vkyftm;ay;rsm;pepfukd

tokH;cscGifh&onf?

a&mufvmonfhvlopfwkd@twGuf usm;rtqifhtwef;cGJjcm;r_r&Sdonfh tjyif

csufðywfav#mfzGwf&ef/ uav;tpmaºuG;&ef/ oef@&Sif;a&;ESifh aps;a&mif;jcif;wkd@ðyvkyf&ef

vkdtyfcsufwkd@u trsKd;orD;rsm;wGif xkdt&nftcsif;rsm;wkd;wufa&;twGuf okd@r[kwf

aemufxyfynma&;twGuf tcGifhta&;tenf;i,fom &Sdonf[k t"dy`g,f&onf?

TudPajz&Sif;E_difa&; pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;vkyfykdifcGifh tm%mwkd;jrSifha&;wkd@u

tusKd;jzpfxGef;aprnfjzpfonf? tkdrif;onfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf pufr_enf;ynm

tokH;csa&; ukd,fukd,fukd,kH=unfpdwfcsr_jrSifhwifa&;u r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfcsufyifjzpfonf?

,cifuwnf;u xkdpOf;pm;csuftrsm;pkwkd@tm; aumif;rGefpGmpkpnf;xm;I

xkdtcsufrsm;pGmwkd@ukd odxm;&efvkdtyfonf? ,cifuwnf;u ajz&Sif;E_difr_

r&Sdjcif;u jrefrm'kQonfrsm;. vlr_a&;uBmrsm;ukd ao;onfxufao;i,f

oGm;aprnfjzpfonf? o,f,lykd@aqmifa&;ESifh pufr_enf;ynm jy\em

rsm;a=umifh tcsKd@yk~Kdvfwkd@taeESifh tdrftjyifokd@xGuf&ef pkd;&drfa=umufvef@

ae=uI ‚wkd@tkyfpkrS tjcm;olrsm;ukd awmufav#muftm;ukd;ae&rnfjzpfonf

? tjcm;jrefrm'kQonfrsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGmxdpyfaexkdifvkdr_u xkdtcsufa=umifhtqef;

w=u,fr[kwfbJ tokdif;t0kdif;tzGJ@0ifwkd@ESifheD;pyfr_jzpfap&ef ,cif'kQonftkyfpktaeESifh

tiftm;pkdufxkwfr_wkd@onf 'kwd,0ifa&mufvmoltm;ulnDay;tyfr_wkd@uvnf;

E_dif;,SOfE_difonfhtcsufjzpfonf?

rwluGJjym;onfh ,Ofaus;r_ESifh ygwf0ef;usif“tm;vkH;arWmt"d`g,frSef&Jhvm;?”&SufzD;okd@a&mufvm=uonfh 'kQonfrsm;u

t*Fvdyfvkd vyfAf 'love' [lonfhpum;vkH;tm; yk~Kdvfa&;qufqHr_ESifhEG,fI

w&if;wESD;&Sd=uonf? &SufzD;okd@a&mufvmonfhtay: a'ocHwkd@u Tpum;vkH;tm;

E_wfqufpum; tqkH;wGifxnfhoGif;ajymqkdvmonfhtcg ‚wkd@taeESifh oufawmifh

oufomrjzpf=uonhftaetxm;&Sdonf? Ttaetxm;onfyif tao;i,fqkH;

,Ofaus;r_t& xdrf;odrf; aqmif&Guf&efjzpfaomfvnf; vlopfrsm;twGuf

tcuftcJ&Sdonf? ueOD; +Adwdo#. &moDOwktay: thHtm;oifhpGmñuHawG@&+yD;

vkdufav#m nDaxG&Sdvm+yD;aemufykdif; Oya'/ EkdifiHa&;pepfESifh tokdif;t0kdif;.

csa&;rxm;onfh pnf;urf;rsm;tm; em;vnfoabmaygufatmif ðyvkyfjcif;wkd@

yg0ifvmonf? ‚wkd@u taetxm; qkH;&_H;r_rsm;pGmtm; awG@ñuHcJhonf (txl;ojzifh

pcef;wGif; tcsdefjynfhtvkyfvkyfukdifcJholrsm;twGuf)/ usm;rt& vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ESifh

,Ofaus;r_t&uGJjym;owfrSwfcsuf wkd@ajymif;vnf;cJhonf? jrefrm okd@r[kwf

u&iftrsKd;orD;wpfOD;taeESifh vufqGJE_wfqufjcif;ESifh vlpdrf;wpfOD;. ayG@zufr_onf

txl;ojzifhxkdwpfpdrf;olu trsKd;om;jzpfaeygu TtawG@tñuHrSm vkH;0pdrf;

onfhtajctaeyifjzpfonf? vl=um;xJwGif E_yfcrf;jcif;erf;&_H@jcif; odk@r[kwf puyfwkd

eH@eH@ 0wfxm;onfhtrsKd;orD;rsm;ukd vlopfrsm;taeESifh rdef;rjzpfjzpf a,muFsm;jzpfjzpf

tHhtm;oifh=uayrnf? trsKd;om;wpfOD;u atmufyguJhokd@rSwfcsufjconf?

“um;*dwfu|efawmha&S@rSm olwkd@erf;&_H@ae=uawmh u|efawmft&rf;&Suf+yD;

rsufESmrxm;wwfavmufatmif jzpf&w,f?”

tm;vkH;twGuf usef;rma&;ESifh ynma&;apmifha&Smufr_wkdkhrSm tcrJh

jzpfa=umif; odem;vnfjcif;u owif;aumif;yif okd@aomf xkd'kQonfwkd@

taeESifh tœ&m,f&Sdolrsm;ESifh arG;zGm;+yD;prdcif apmifha&Smufrltajc tae

=um;a&mufaeolwkd@uJhokd@ rwlnDonfh,Ofaus;r_wkd@ESifh vkdufavsm

nDaxG jzpf&ef vkdtyfonf? jrefrmh&kd;&m"avhxkH;pHt& arG;zGm;+yD;prdcif

apmifha&Smufa&;twGuf rdciftaeESifh 45 &uftdrfwGif;atmif;&ef vkdtyfI

tpm;taomufqifjcif&jcif;uJhokd@ wdusonfhusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_wkd@

tm; vkdufem&efvkdonf? arG;zGm;rdcifpdwffusjcif;tay: t"duxm;csufu

,cifu jrefrmtrsKd;orD;rsm; ezl;awG@'l;awG@ñuH&onfhtjzpfwkd@ESifh qef@

usifaeayrnf? xkd@jyif q&m0efESifhawG@&rnfhtcsdefu t,ltqopfjzpfaeonfhjyif

xkdcsdef;qkdcsufrsm;ysufuGufr_wkd@a=umifh tokdif;t0kdif;twGif; ‘vkyfrvm;/'gr[kwf

tvkyfzsufrvm;’ aqmifyk'fcsxm;&jcif;jzpfonf? pdwf"gwfusjcif;/ txD;usefjcif;ESifh

tokdif;t0kdif;tultnDrjynfhpkHr_wkd@tm;vkH;ukd cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;+yD;jzpfonf? okd@

aomf pdwfykdif;qkdif&musef;rma&;wnf&Sdr_0ef;usif&Sd t&Sufw&m;ESifh t=uHðyjcif;wkd@u

r=umr=um aq;aomufjcif;ukdykdESpfouf=uonfhtwGuf usqif;&onf? TonfrSm

bmomjyefolrsm;u xkdtokdif;t0kdif;twGif; rSjzpfaejcif;ESifh 'kQonfrsm;u ‚[email protected]\

emwkd@tm; vlodrnfpkd;aoma=umifh jzpfay:&jcif;yifjzpfonf?

a&mufvmrnfholrsm;tm; uav;umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; okd@r[kwf

tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufr_ESifh ywfoufonfh tcsuftvufwkd@tm;

óudwifa0iSxm;+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; awG@&onfrsm;u xkdOya'rsm;ESifh

ywfoufIjzpfyGm;onfh jyif;xefonfh tajctaersm;tay: ‚wkd@

jynfh0pGm em;vnfoabmaygufxm;jcif; r&Sda=umif; awG@&onf?

xkdudPrsm;tay:aqG;aEG;&ef vkyfief;qkdif&maqG;aEG;yGJrsm;tm; xdvG,fckdufvG,f

ukdifwG,fr_rsm;twGuf vkdtyfrnfjzpfonf? odk@aomf vkyfief;pOfwGif;

okd@r[kwf a&$@ajymif;ae&mcsxm;a&;rsm;twGif; tulnDjzpfaprnfjzpfonf?

jrefrmh"avhxkH;wrf;t& jrpfzsm;cHvmonfh cGJjcm;r_ xdrf;odrf;xm;&efESifh

wcsdefwnf; ykdifqkdifr_tjriftm; wkd;wufa&;vkyfaqmif&ef pdefac:r_u

vG,fulonfht&mr[kwfay? a&$@ajymif;tajccscJhonfh jrefrm'kQonfrsm;axmufyHhr_

ESifh E_dif;,SOf=unfhrnfqkdygu tar&duefEkdifiHokd@ 1980 ckESpfrsm;twGif; avm/

AD,uferfESifh crm'kQonfrsm;tm; óudwifI ajcmufv qufwkduft*Fvdyfp

mavhvma&;oifwef;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_rdwfqufoifwef;rsm;tm; rxGufcGmrD

&&Sd=uI Taqmif;yg;wGifyg0ifonfh rD;armif;xkd;jycJhonfh udP&yfrsm;pGmwkd@tm;

v$rf;ðcHaqmif&GufE_difcJhonf? tu,fI Ttxl;wm&SnfcHrnfh ajz&Sif;r_tm;

atmifjrifr_twGuf taumif;qkH;tcGifhta&;twGuf ay;tyfvkdygu jrefrm'kQonfwkd@

twGuf ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh a&$@ajymif;tajcpkdufa&;rdwfqufaqmif&Gufr_ukd

OD;pm;ay;vkyfaqmifoifhonf?

rl0g'qkdif&m t=uHðycsuf

wifóudI oGm;a&muftajccsrnfhEkdifiHrsm;okd@ ra&muf&SdrD 'kQonfwkd@tm; xkdEkdifiHwkd@ �ESifhywfoufonfh tcsuftvufwkd@tm; ykdrkdaumif;rGefonfh ay;tyfr_ðyvkyf&ef

a&mufvmonfhtcsdefwGif 'kQonfwkd@twGuf tcGifhta&;rsm;/ �cHpm;ykdifcGifhrsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;wkd@tm; aumif;rGefonfh

t&nftaoG;ESifh vufcHE_difrnfh tcsuftvufwkd@tm; ay;a0&ef

vkyfief;pOfwpfckvkH;twGif; t=uHay;Xmersm;twGuf t&H&HykHaiG axmufyHh&ef �

yxrykdif; 12 v axmufyHhr_umvtm; wkd;jrSifhay;&ef �

y%mr vkyfaqmifr_rsm;twGif; AsL&kdua&pDt&vkyfaqmifr_ �taetxm;ESifh ae@pOf vufawG@pdefac:r_rsm;tm; tultnDay;&ef

'kQonf tm;ay;apmifha&Smufolrsm;tm;tokH;ðya&;

trsKd;orD;rsm;ykdrkdtcGifhta&;ESifh vkyfykdifcGifh&vmapa&;twGuf �oifwef;pDrHcsufrsm;tm;xm;&Sda&;

tvkyftukdiftwGuf vufvSrf;rDapa&; t&nftcsif;jznfhpnf;r_oifwef;rsm;ay;a&; �

umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;pDrHcsuf0ifayguf Gateway Protection Programme �pDrHudef;Xme. &nf&G,fcsufESifh atmifjrifr_wkd@tm; ykHrSef tuJjzwfr_vkyfaqmifa&;

pdwfykdif;qkdif&musef;rma&;u|rf;usifolrsm;tm; vufvSrf;rDapa&;twGuf �,Ofaus;r_qkdif&m xdvG,fckdufvG,ftaetxm;rsm;tm; zG@Hòzd;a&;vkyfaqmif&ef

a&mufvmonfESifh uav;umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh tdrfwGif;t=urf;zufr_ �tygt0if tdrfwGif;a&;qkdkif&mOya'ukd odem;vnfapa&;twGuf

vkyfief;qkdif&maqG;aEG;yGJrsm; axmufyHhay;tyf&efwkd@jzpfonf?

yufx&pf&Sm [kdif;pf ([email protected]) onf xkdif;jrefrme,fpyfwGif

1996 rS ouU&mZf 2000 twGif; 'kQonfwkd@twGuf tultnDay;a&;vkyfief;rsm;

vkyfukdifcJholjzpfonf? r,OfrGefol ([email protected]) onf 2005 ckESpfrSpI a&muf&Sdvmonfh'kQonfopfrsm; twGuf &SufzD;òrd@

wGif ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm;vkyfukdifaeolkjzpfonf?

Taqmif;yg;onf avhvmxm;csufrsm;/ vlawG@ar;jref;csufrsm;ESifh

pma&;olrsm;. tawG@tñuHwkd@tay: tajccHxm;I rnfonfhtzGJ@

tpnf;ukdr# ukd,fpm;ðyxm;onfh t,ltqrsm;r[kwfygay?

1 tpkd;&r[kwfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;0efxrf;ESifh pum;vufqkHajymjcif;/ xkdif;jrefrme,fpyf/ 2007 ckESpf rwfv

2 www.iomlondon.org

NCA

-ACT

Inte

rnat

iona

l

Tjrefrmbmomjzifhxkwfa0onfh

ae&yfrStwif;t"rRa&$@ajymif;cH&jcif;pmapmif (FMR) tm; ykHESdyfxkwfa0r_

ðyvkyfaeonfhtaetxm;wGif

uBmu em*pfpfqkdifuvkH;rkefwkdif;.

jrefrmEkdifiHESifh jynfoljynfom;wkd@tay:

zGwfzGwfnufnufa=uonfhxdckdufr_tm;

tm&kHpkdufapmifh=unfhae=uayonf?

taotaysmufE_H;ESifh qkH;&_H;r_ysufpD;r_

rsm;ukdvnf; ae@pOf jrefqefpGmodae&ayonf? FMR taeESifh jrefrmjynfoljynfom;wkd@.

&Sifoefa&;twGuf óud;yrf;tm;xkwfr_ESifh

ab;tE W&m,ft+yD; jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;wkd@

twGuf jrefrmvlxkESifhxyfwl

aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfr_&Sd

aernfjzpfyga=umif; Tae&mrS tav;teuf

azmfjytyfygonf?

DCA

-ACT

Inte

rnat

iona

l

forced migration review issue 30 burmese

Documents

tm okd

tm wkd

tm avhvmazmfxkwfxmonf

ckyg0ifi aeesifxkwfchonfh

umjcif okd

jyefvnfxkwfa0jcif okd

jrefrmesifh t

usaid wkd