for the eastern-southern africa and india ocean … · for the eastern-southern africa and india...

Implementation of a Regional Fisheries StrategyFor The Eastern-Southern Africa and India Ocean Region

Programme pour la mise en oeuvre d'une stratégie de pêche pour laregion Afrique orientale-australe et Océan indien

POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY SAVING MEASURESIN THE TUNA INDUSTRY

IN THE SOUTHERN EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN REGION

SF/2013/36

This report has been prepared with the technical assistance ofLe présent rapport a été réalisé par l'assistance technique de

2012

EuropeanUnion

Funded by

TABLE OF CONTENTS1. OVERVIEW OF THIS ASSIGNMENT (LAYMAN’S SUMMARY)............................ 5

2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................... 6

3. RÉSUMÉ EXÉCUTIF IOTOA – ENERGIES............................................................ 7

4. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 9

5. PURPOSE OF THE ASSIGNMENT........................................................................ 9

6. COMMENT ON THE ASSIGNMENT....................................................................... 9

7. METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................... 9

8. ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES............................................ 10

8.1 Wind............................................................................................... 10

8.2 Solar............................................................................................... 10

9. OTHER ENERGY SAVING MEASURES................................................................ 11

9.1 SteamEfficiency............................................................................ 11

9.2 SteamasanEnergySourceprovidedbyOthers........................... 11

9.3 SteamPressure............................................................................. 12

9.4 AdditionofaSmallAmountofWatertotheBoilerFuelOil............ 12

9.5 Refrigeration Plants....................................................................... 12

10. DETAILS OF THE ENERGY INVESTIGATION CARRIED OUT AT THE INDIVIDUAL PLANTS.............................................................................. 12

11. RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................... 13

12. ESTIMATED BUDGET........................................................................................... 13

13. BENCHMARKING INDICES.................................................................................. 14

14. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.................................................................................... 14

ProgrammeSmartFishRapportSF/2013/364

Annex1: ProgrammeandContactPersonsAnnex2: TermsofReferenceAnnex3: HFOEmulsifyingEquipmentInformationAnnex4: MinimumLightingLevelsAnnex5: SolarPanelCalculationsAnnex6: ReferencesAnnex7: IndividualFacilityReports(confidential–notprinted)

ACRONYMS:Amphr AmperehourESA-IO EastSouthernAfricanIndianOceanFDM FroiddesMascareignesHFO HeavyfueloilIOTOA IndianOceanTunaOperatorsAssociationkW KilowattkWh Kilowatt-hourkVA KilovoltampsMDM MerdesMascareignesMBP MarineBiotechnologyProductsMVA MegavoltampsNEA NationalElectricityAuthorityTDM ThondesMascareignes

ProgrammeSmartFishRapportSF/2013/36 5

PotentialforEnergySavingMeasuresintheTunaIndustryintheSouthernEasternIndianOceanRegion

1. OVERVIEW OF THIS ASSIGNMENT (LAYMAN’S SUMMARY)

InFebruary2011 the Implementationof theRegionalFisheriesStrategy (IRFS)was launchedwith theaimofcontributingtothesocial,economicandenvironmentaldevelopmentintheEastSouthernAfrican-IndianOceanregionthroughthesustainableexploitationofthefisheriesresources.

ThisreportfallsunderResult4oftheprogrammewhereworkisbeingdonetoassisttheIndianOceanTunaOperatorsAssociation(IOTOA)toachievevarioussustainableoperatinggoals.ThisparticularprojectwastolookattheenvironmentalaspectsofvarioustunaoperationswithintheIOTOAandprovideadvicetothemembersonenergyefficiencyimprovementsthatcouldpotentiallybemadetotheiroperations.SevenmembersoftheIOTOAagreedtotakepartinthisexercise.

Theenergy investigationphasecommenced inNovember2011and focusedonanumberofareas i.e.theassessmentoftheenergyusageatthesevenoperatingplantsidentifiedforthisproject,attemptingtobenchmarktheseplantswithoneanotheraswellasinternationally,investigatingpotentialenergyreductionmeasuresand/orpossibleuseofalternativeenergysourcesideallyofasustainablenature.

Eachofthesefactorieswasvisitedduringtheperiod7–30November2011anddiscussionswereheldwiththeoperationsandtechnicalpersonnelateachfacilityinordertogatherinformationandinsightsintothevariousoperations.

Potentialalternativesourcesofenergywereinvestigatedand,wherepossible,discussionsheldwiththeNationalElectricalPowerAuthorities.

Thisreporthasbeenproducedasaresultofthisassignment.Anumberofareaswereidentifiedwhereenergyefficiencyimprovementscanbemade,budgetestimateshavebeenpreparedandaroadmapforaprojectrolloutprogrammehasbeensuggested.


2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TheImplementationofRegionalFisheriesStrategy(IRFS)waslaunchedinFebruary2011withtheaimofcontributingtothesocial,economicandenvironmentaldevelopmentintheESA-IOregionthroughthesustainableexploitationofthefisheriesresources.Theinvestigationintotheenergyusageatthesevenoperating plants who aremembers of the IOTOA started on 7th November 2011 and ended on 29thNovember2011.

Thesevenoperatingplantsthatagreedtotakepartinthisinvestigationare:

1.ThondesMascareignes (Mauritius)2.MarineBiotechnologyProducts (Mauritius)3.MerdesMascareignes (Mauritius)4.FroiddesMascareignes (Mauritius)5.PêcheetFroidOcéanIndien (Madagascar)6.MauritiusFreeportDevelopment (Mauritius)7.IndianOceanTuna (Seychelles)

Informationwasgatheredwithrespecttoallformsofenergyconsumedateachplantandanunderstandinggainedofthedetailedoperationsofeachsectionofeachplantthroughinterviewsanddiscussionswithoperationalpersonnel. Benchmarkingfiguresweredevelopedforcomparisonpurposes.Assessmentswerethenmadeofthoseareasidentifiedateachplantwherepotentialenergyefficiencyimprovementscouldbeeffectedeitherviaoperationalchangesorbyequipmentreplacement.

Inadditiontothis,alternativesourcesofenergywereinvestigated.Thefeasibilityofwindandsolarenergywereconsideredassustainableenergysourcespossiblysuitableforthisenvironment.

Recommendationsandestimatedcostswereprepared.Therecommendationsaredetailedintheseparatereportsforeachindividualplantthatwasinvestigated,butcanbesummarizedasfollows:

• Duetothesizeoftheplantsandquantityofelectricalpowerrequiredineachcase(1.5MVAto3MVA),bothwindandsolarenergysourcesweredeemedtobenotsuitable.Thisisbecauseoftheeconomics(capitalandmaintenancecosts)andoperationalpracticality(spaceandtechnicalresources)forunitsofthissize.

• In general the plants were found to be relatively modern with state-of-the-art equipment and wellmaintained.Opportunitiesforsignificantenergyreductionsarethereforelimited.However,inatleastfiveoftheplants,anumberofpracticalimprovementmeasuresweredeemedpossible.

• ThegreatestpotentialforreducingenergyconsumptionwouldbetodevelopasymbioticrelationshipwiththeNationalElectricityAuthoritywheretherearepowergenerationplantsincloseproximity(say,<3km)tothetunaprocessingfactories.Thesepowergeneratingplantscouldbemodifiedtoaccommodateboilers(heatexchangers)toproduceprocesssteamfromthewasteheatofthegasturbinesand/orenginesexhaustgasesandtransferthissteamtopointsofdemand.Thiswouldeliminatetheneedforthetunaprocessingplantstoproducetheirownsteam.Thesavingsandbenefitscouldbesubstantial.

• Thisscenariocouldbeconsideredwithinoraspartofanationalstrategyforawiderrangeofindustries.



3. RÉSUMÉ EXÉCUTIF IOTOA – ENERGIES

Lamiseenplaced’unestratégiedepêcherégionale(IRFS)aétélancéeenfévrier2011,aveclebutdecontribueraudéveloppementsocial,économiqueetenvironnementaldanslarégionESA-IO,autraversd’uneexploitationdurabledesressourceshalieutiques.Lesinvestigationsentermesd’utilisationdel’énergiechezlesseptopérateursmembresdel’IOTOAontcommencéle7novembre2011etsesontterminéesle29novembre2011.

Lesseptopérateursquiontacceptédeprendrepartàcetteétudesont:1.ThondesMascareignes (Maurice)2.MarineBiotechnologyProducts (Maurice)3.MerdesMascareignes (Maurice)4.FroiddesMascareignes (Maurice)5.PêcheetFroidOcéanIndien (Madagascar)6.MauritiusFreeportDéveloppement (Maurice)7.IndianOceanTuna (Seychelles)L’informationaétérecueillieauregarddetouteslesformesd’énergieconsomméesàchaqueusineetauregardd’interviewsetdiscussionsréaliséesaveclepersonnelopérationnelquiontpermisesdecomprendreendétaillesopérationsdechaquesectiondechaqueusine.

Desdonnéesderéférenceontétéétabliesàdesfinsd’analysecomparative.Ensuite,desévaluationsdechaquesecteuroùuneaméliorationdel’efficacitéénergétiquepourraitêtreeffectuéepardeschangementsopérationnelsouparunrenouvellementdel’équipementontétéréalisées.

En outre, des sources alternatives d’énergie ont été investiguées. La faisabilité de l’énergie éolienneet solaire comme étant des sources d’énergie renouvelable potentielle pour cet environnement a étéconsidérée.

Desrecommandationsetdesestimationsdecoûtsontétépréparées.Lesrecommandationssontdétailléesindividuellementdansdesrapportsséparéspourchaqueopérateurmaispeuventêtrerésuméescommesuit:• Enraisondelatailledesusinesetdesquantitésd’électricitérequisesdanschaquecas(1,5MVAà3

MVA),aussibienl’énergieéoliennequel’énergiesolaireontétéconsidéréescommeinaptes.Ceciestdûaux implicationséconomiques(capitauxetcoûtsdemaintenance)etopérationnelles (espaceetressourcestechniques)detellesunités.

• En général, les usines ont été considérées comme relativement modernes avec un équipementsuffisantetbienentretenu.Dèslors,lesopportunitésderéductionssignificativesd’énergiesontlimitées.Cependant,dansaumoinscinqdesexploitations,unnombredemesurespratiquesd’améliorationspeuventêtreenvisagées.

• Le plus grand potentiel en termes de réduction de consommation d’énergie serait de développerunerelationensymbioseavecl’AutoritéNationaled’Electricitéquipossèdeunecentraleélectriqueàproximitédesusinesdetransformationdethon(moinsde3km).Cescentralesélectriquespourraientêtremodifiéespourintégrerdeschaudièresderécupération(échangeursdechaleur)quiproduiraientde lavapeuràpartirde lachaleur résiduelledes turbinesdegazet/oudesgazd’échappementetensuite transférercettevapeurauxpointsdedemande.Celaéliminerait lesbesoinsdesusinesdetransformationduthondeproduireleurproprevapeur.Leséconomiesetlesbénéficespourraientdoncêtresubstantiels.

• Cescénariopourraitêtreconsidérécommetoutoupartied’unplannationalstratégiquepouruneséried’industries.



2. toreducetheenergyconsumptioninparticular,mayworkagainstoneanother.

Examplesofsuchcompetingenvironmentalandenergyobjectivesare:

- Improvingthewastewaterqualitytomeetinternationalstandardswouldrequireadditionalequipmentandcouldincreasetheenergyconsumption.

- Reducingboilerstackemissionstomeetinternationalemissionstandardswouldusuallyneedsomeformofgasscrubbingequipmenttobeinstalledinthefluegasducts,whichagainwouldincreasetheenergyconsumption.

- Replacingnormallightfittingswithenergysavinglampswouldreduceenergyconsumption,buttheselampsimpactontheenvironmentduringdisposalduetotheirhighmercurycontent.

Thusinmanycasesthesolutionneedstobeacompromise.Inadditiontobalancingthereductionofenergyconsumption(carbonfootprint)withotherenvironmentalissues,theeconomicaspects(capitalandoperatingcosts)needtobeconsidered.

7. METHODOLOGY

Anaverageoftwodayswasspentateachplant,duringwhichdiscussionswereheldwiththeoperatingandtechnicalpersonnelandfamiliarisationtoursofthefacilitieswereconducted.Allformsofenergyconsumedateachplantwereinvestigatedincludingon-sitefossilfuelboilersproducingsteamfortheprocessandelectricalpowerconsumptionforrefrigeration,plantpowerandlighting.

Energyconsumptionfigureswerecollectedandinformationgatheredontheprocessesateachplantsothatinsightsintotheoperationscouldbeformed.

Fromthisinformationanattemptwasmadetodeveloptheenergyconsumptionperunitoutputfiguressoastoprovidebenchmarkingforcomparisonwithintheregionandinternationally.

Assessmentsweremadeateachplantandareasidentifiedwhereinternalimprovementscouldbe

4. INTRODUCTION

TheImplementationofRegionalFisheriesStrategywaslaunchedinFebruary2011withtheaimofcontributingtothesocial,economicandenvironmentaldevelopmentinESA-IOregionthroughthesustainableexploitationofthefisheriesresources.

Sevenoperatingplantsintheregion,whoareallmembersoftheIOTOA,agreedtotakepartinthisinvestigationnamely:

ThondesMascareignes (Mauritius)MarineBiotechnologyProducts (Mauritius)MerdesMascareignes (Mauritius)FroiddesMascareignes (Mauritius)PêcheetFroidOcéanIndien (Madagascar)MauritiusFreeportDevelopment (Mauritius)IndianOceanTuna (Seychelles)

PhaseIIortheoperationalphaseofProjectbeganinAugust2011.

PhaseII(a)coveredthewaterandwastewaterusageandphase11(b),thisreport,coverstheinvestigationintotheenergyusage.

PhaseII(b)beganonthe7thNovember2011andendedon29thNovember2011.

5. PURPOSE OF THE ASSIGNMENT

ThepurposeoftheassignmentforphaseII(b)wastogatherinformationofallformsofenergyconsumedateachplant,aswellasgaininginsightintotheiroperations.Usingthisinformationtheaimwastofindwaysofreducingtheenergyconsumptionthroughmodificationstoplantandequipment,possibleuseofalternativeenergysources(ideallysustainablesources)andimprovementstotheenergyefficiencyofoperations.

6. COMMENT ON THE ASSIGNMENT

Aclearperspectiveneedstobemaintainedwithregardtothisassignmentasinanumberofcases,attempting1. toreducetheimpacttheindustryhasonthe

environmentingeneraland


potentialconflictwiththemunicipalby-laws.Inadditionthebatterycapacityrequiredtoservicetheplantloadswouldmakethissolutionimpractical.Capital,operationalandmaintenancecostswouldmakethissolutionuneconomicintoday’sterms.

8.2 Solar

Almostidenticalcommentscanbemadeforasolarpanelsolution.Onceagainspace,batterycapacityandcostswouldmakethissolutionuneconomical.

Asanexampleaplantwitha1000kWloadwouldrequire40,000batteries(100Amphrtruckbatteries)and30,000m²inarea(300mx100m)DiscussionsheldwithofficialsoftheElectricityBoardofMauritiusindicatedthattheyaresoontobeginastudyintothefeasibilityofinstallingwindorsolarfarmsonsuitablesitesontheisland.ItwouldbebestthattheseformsofsustainableenergysourcesbeimplementedbytheNationalAuthorities.

madetoreduceenergyconsumptioneitherviaoperationalchangesorequipmentreplacement.Inadditionalternativesourcesofenergywereinvestigated.Withregardtosustainableenergysources,theinvestigationfocusedparticularlyonemployingwindand/orsolarenergyequipment,asthesearethemostlikelytobefeasibleforthisenvironment.Recommendationsandestimatedcostswereprepared.Therecommendationsaredetailedinthereportsforeachindividualplantthatwasinvestigated.

8. ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES

8.1 Wind

Withtoday’stechnology,employingenergygeneratedbymeansofwindturbinesbecomespracticalandeconomicineitheroftwopowerbands,namely:

• Smallpower-lessthan10kW• Largepower-morethan10MW

Smallpowerwindsourcesgenerallyemployasinglewindturbinechargingasetof12Vbatteriesthatthenviaaninvertersupplypowertosomeformofdomesticload,i.e.oneortwolights,atelevisionset,navigationalequipmentonyachtsorarefrigerator.Costsaresmallandthetechnologyisrelativelyuncomplicatedandreadilyavailable

LargewindpowersourcesaregenerallyimplementedbyNationalElectricityAuthoritiesorlargeprivatepowercompaniessellingpowertothenationalgrid.Thesewindturbinestypicallyareabout80mhighandgenerate2to2.5MWeach.Normally5to20(ormore)areinstalledinasuitablearea(oftenonmountainridges).Theseturbinesgeneratepowerdirectlyintothegridattherequiredvoltageandfrequencywithouttheneedforbatteries.Capitalcostsareveryhighandthetechnologyextremelycomplicated.

ThepowerrequirementsoftheIOTOAmemberplantsfallbetweenthesetwopowerbands.Thecapacityofthe10kWwindturbinechargersaremuchtoosmallforanindustrialplant,whiletheerectionofwindturbine(s)ofsufficientcapacityonsitewouldbeproblematicintermsofspaceand


Inthecaseofwaterittakes5timesasmuchheatenergytochangeaunitquantityofwaterat100ºCtosteamat100ºCasitdoestoheatthesamequantityofwaterfrom0ºCto100ºC.

9.2 Steam as an Energy Source provided by Others

Theremaybeanopportunitytoobtainprocesssteamfromanothersource,therebyremovingtheneedforself-generatedsteam.ThisscenariobecomesparticularlyfavourableifthissteamcouldbegeneratedbywasteheatandpresentsitselfwhentheNationalElectricityAuthority(NEA)haspowerplantsnearby.

(ThisconcepthasbeenrecommendedbyBoschProjectsonotherprojectswhichhavesimilarenergyissues,e.g.theBarbadosSugarandEthanolIndustry,whichiscurrentlyconsideringtheproposal.)

TheNEApowerplantsgenerateelectricityusingalternatorsdrivenbyHFOpoweredengines.Theexhaustheatfromtheseenginesisatpresentwastedtoatmosphere,butinsteadcouldberecoveredthroughawasteheatboilertoproducesteamwhichcouldthenbepipedtotheprocessingplant.Distancebetweenthetwoplantsisthedeterminingfactor;amaximumpracticaldistancewouldbeabout3km,whichplacesalloftheplantsinvestigatedinthisreportwithinfeasiblerangeforsuchanarrangement.

(NotethatNewYorkandMoscowreticulatesuperheatedsteamforkilometresthroughouttheircities)

Puttingnumberstothisscenario:assumeagasenginehasanefficiencyof40%andawasteheatboiler33%.Thentakingaquantityoffuelthathasanenergyequivalentof10MW,thegasenginewouldconvertthisfuelto4MWofelectricalpowerand6MWof(waste)heatenergy.(Ifitisagasturbine,100%ofthewasteheatwillbeat700°Candifagasenginethen35%ofthewasteheatwillbeat90°Cand25%willbeat450°C).Thewasteheatboilerwillconvertthiswasteheatenergytobetween1and2MWofsteamenergywhichisequivalenttoapproximately4/8tonsofprocesssteam.

Atunaprocessplanttypicallyusesabout8tonsofprocesssteamperhourat6/10Barsgaugepressure.

9. OTHER ENERGY SAVING MEASURES

9.1 SteamEfficiency

Theusualmeasurestakentoensuresteamefficiencyinsteamgenerationanddistributionareinsulationandlaggingofallthehightemperatureequipmentofaboiler,usingwasteheattoheattheboilerfeedwatertoascloseto100ºCaspossiblebeforeitenterstheboileritself,andheatingupthefueltoabout80ºCtoimproveflowandcombustibility.

Inthisregard,mostfactoriesarepreheatingtheirboilerfeedwater,butifthefinalgasexittemperaturefromthefactories’boilersare>about120oC,thereareprobablystillopportunitiesforfurtherthermalefficiencyimprovementsbyusingthisheatforotherprocessstreams.Suchopportunitieswerenotinvestigatedduringthefactoryvisitsbutshouldbeexploredbymanagement.

Toensuremaximumefficiencyofthesteamusage,theprocessdesignshouldallowforvacuumtobeappliedtothecookingvessels.Thislowerstheboilingpointofwater,increasesthepressureandtemperaturerangeandkeepsthesteaminavapourstateforlonger.Thisensuresthatthelatentheatinthesteamisavailablefortheprocessforalongerperiod.

Alternatively,againemployingvacuum,multipleeffectevaporationshouldbeused.Thenumberofvapourphase/liquidphasecyclescanthenbemaximizedsoastorecapturethelatentheatofsteamasmanytimesaspossible–achievingseveralevaporationsfromeachkilogramofsteamused.

Thisconceptappearstobeunderstoodbytheindustrybutnotappliedinsomeoftheplants.Asaresulttheirsteamrequirementandhencefuelconsumptionishigherthannecessary.

Retro-fittingthenecessaryequipmentwouldneedtobeinvestigatedbytheplantsconcerned.

DefinitionofLatentHeat:thisistheheatrequiredtochangethestateofasubstanceatconstanttemperature.



PotentialsavingsinHFOusagearereportedtobebetween10-15%.Thestackemissionwillbereducedandmaymeettheinternationalemissionstandardwithouttheadditionofadditionalequipment,whichwouldbeafurtherbenefit.

9.5 Refrigeration Plants

Therefrigerationequipmentusesthemajorityoftheelectricalpowerconsumedanditwouldmakesensetotrytomakesavingsinthisarea.

Thefirstfocusmustbeonmaintenancebasics.Theinsulationandlaggingmustalwaysbekeptingoodcondition.Thecompressors,evaporatorsandcondensersmustbeoperatingatpeakefficiencyandallthecontrolandmonitoringinstrumentationmustbeworkingaccurately.

Secondly,operationaldisciplinehastobeenforced,particularlywithregardtotheunnecessaryandprolongedopeningofcoldroomdoors.Alargeamountofcoolingenergycanbelosthere.Alltheplantsvisitedhadnumeroussplitunitair-conditionersforofficesandtheremightbeanopportunitytoinstallamoreefficientcentralizedunitusingchillerswherethechilledwaterisprovidedbysparecapacityinthecoldroomrefrigerationplant.9.6 LightingThelightingloadintheplantsissmall-possiblylessthan5%.Neverthelesssmallsavingscanbemadeinthisareaby: • Makinguseofdaylightswitchesthatturnoff

lightsduringthedayifnotrequired.• Makingbetteruseofnaturallightbymeansof

windowsortranslucentroofsheetingwhereapplicable.

• Makingwideruseofwhitepaint.• Wherepossiblereplacingthefluorescent

fittingswithonesthathaveelectronicballasts.

Preliminarycalculationswerecarriedoutandshowthatitispossibletotransfer10t/hofsteamataninitialpressureof10Baralonga250mmdiameterpipefor3kmwithapressuredropof2bars.

9.3 Steam Pressure

Theboilersinstalledatthetunaprocessingplantshavedesignpressuresof10or12Bars.Formaximumefficiencytheboilersshouldbeoperatedatthesepressures.Tooperatetheseboilersatalowerpressurewithaviewtosavingfuelenergyisfalseeconomy.

Theheatenergy(enthalpy)ineachkilogramofsteamisafunctionofthepressureandtemperatureofthesteam.Whileitiscorrectthat,atagivenboilerefficiency,slightlylessfuelwillberequiredtogenerateakilogramofsteamatalowerpressure/temperature,thatkilogramofsteamwillcontainlessenthalpytoperformwork–powergeneration,processheatingorevaporation.Consequently,morekilogramsofthelowerpressuresteamwillbeneededtoperformtherequiredprocessfunction.Thisextrasteamwillrequireextrafueltogenerateit.Infact,becausethereisafixedloss(fromreheatingcooledcondensate)ineachsteamcycle,usinglowerpressuresteamwillusemorefuelthanusinghigherpressuresteam.

9.4 Addition of a Small Amount of Water to the Boiler Fuel Oil

FromtheliteratureandfromdiscussionwithboilersuppliersinSouthAfrica,installationofthisequipmenthasconsiderablemerit.

Inthispractice,anemulsifiedmixtureofwaterandHFOisintroducedintotheboilerviatheburner.Withtheadditionofthefurnaceheat,thewatermoleculessurroundedbyoilmoleculesinthemixtureimmediatelyturnintosteam,breakinguptheoilmoleculesintomuchsmallermolecules.Thesesmallermoleculeshaveagreatersurfaceareawhichinturnallowsformorecompletecombustion.Thisresultsinmoreefficientuseofthefuelandloweremissions.Itisimportanttocontrolthepreparationoftheemulsifiedfuelmixture,usingjustsufficientwaterfortheatomisation.Anymorewaterwilldetractfromoverallefficiencyastheexcesswaterwillabsorbenergytobevaporisedandheatedtothefinalgasexittemperature.


12. ESTIMATED BUDGET

Seedetailsinreportsonindividualplants.However,somegeneralcommentsareasfollows:

Mostoftherecommendedimprovementsareinexpensiveandthuscouldbeundertakenaspartofthemaintenanceeffortandwithinthemaintenancebudgetswhentheoccasionpermits.

Theinstallationofemulsifyingequipmentcouldbeimplementedonamonthlyrentalbasiswhichwouldbepreferableifthisequipmentisinitiallyinstalledonatrialbasis.

AttemptingtoobtainarealisticbudgetforacquiringsteamenergyfromtheNationalElectricityAuthoritieswouldnotbepracticalwithinthescopeofthisreport.Beingofnationalinteresttherearetoomanyunknownsofapolitical,municipal,technicalandfinancialnaturewhichcouldonlybeobtainedfromadetailedfeasibilityreportonthesubject.

Nevertheless,anorderofmagnitudeestimateforaprojectofthistypecanbemadeasfollows:

• €0.5millionforthesteampipeline• €0.5millionforthewaterpipeline• €1.5millionforthewasteheatboilers• €1millionforancillaryequipment• €0.5millionforcontingencies

Thistotals€4millionwhich,takenovertwentyyears,wouldbeinsignificantcomparedtothesavinginfuelcostalone.

Otheradvantagesare:

• DiscontinuationoftheuseofHFO• Eventualshuttingdownoftheboilerplant• EventualshuttingdownoftheHFOstorage,

pumpingandtransferequipment• Removalofthepotentialfirehazardassociated

withHFO• Removalofthepotentialpollutionhazard

associatedwithHFO• Removalofthecarbonemissionsassociated

withtheburningofHFO• Reductioninboileroperatingstaffwith

reductiontothewagebudget• Reductioninthemaintenancebudget• Reductioninthestoresholding• Reductionintheelectricityconsumption

10. DETAILS OF THE ENERGY INVESTIGATION CARRIED OUT AT THE INDIVIDUAL PLANTS

Separatereportshavebeenpreparedforeachindividualfactoryvisited.Thesecovertheabovegeneralissuesasapplicabletothefactoryconcernedaswellasanyspecificpointsrelevantonlytothatplant.

11. RECOMMENDATIONS

Therecommendationsforeachplantaredetailedintheindividualreportshoweverthefollowingisasummaryoftheserecommendations.

• IfHFOfuelisusedintheboilers,waterinjectionequipment(emulsifiers)shouldbeinstalled.Thisimprovescombustion,thusnotonlyreducingthefuelconsumptionbutalsoreducingthestackemissions.

• Ensurethatdesignoftheprocessmaximizestheefficientuseofsteam.

• Wherethefinalgasexittemperaturefromafactory’sboileris>120oC,investigateopportunitiesforusingthistoheatfeedwaterorprocessstreams.

• Investigatethepossibilityofobtainingsteamfromanothersource,particularlyfromtheNationalElectricityAuthority.

• EnsurethataPlannedMaintenanceManagementSystemisinplace,particularlyfortherefrigerationequipment.

• Investigatethepossibilityofusingsparecapacityfromthecoldroomrefrigerationunitstosupplychilledwaterforacentralizedair-conditioningunit,replacingthesplitunitair-conditionersfortheoffices.

• Maintainoperationaldisciplinewithregardtothecoldrooms(closedoors).

• Switchoffunnecessarylighting.• Initiateaprogrammetochangetofluorescent

fittingswithelectronicballasts.• Encourageclients/customerstotakeearlier

deliveryoftheirrefrigeratedcontainers,therebyreducingtheelectricalburdenonthefactories.

• Increasetheuseofelectricforkliftvehicles.



tomeasuretheconsumptionofeachsectionindependently.Thisworkisstillintheprocessofbeingundertakenattheplantsvisited.

Atthisstageamorepracticalmeasurewouldbeforeachfactorytotakenoteofitspresentconsumptionandcompareitwithestimatedfutureconsumptionafterenergysavingmeasureshasbeenimplemented.

14. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

ApartfromtheprojectofobtainingsteamfromtheNationalElectricityAuthorities,therecommendedenergysavingmeasuresaresmallprojects,generallyinexpensiveandcouldeasilybecarriedoutwithinthemaintenancebudgetsassoonastimepermits.

TheprojectrecommendationforobtainingsteamfromtheNationalElectricityAuthoritieswouldrequirealengthytimeframe,probablybeginningwithnegotiationsatgovernmentleveltoobtainacceptanceinprincipleofthisrecommendation.Thiswouldbefollowedbyafeasibilitystudywhichwouldlookatalltheaspectsoftheprojecttoconfirmitsviabilityandtoidentifyandaddresspotentialproblemareas.Thenextstepwouldbedetaileddesignandpipelineservitudenegotiationsfollowedbydrawingupofcontractdocuments,tenderprocess,adjudicationandawardingofthecontract(s).

Theprojectexpenditureforthiswouldbeaonceoffcapitalcostwithnegligibleoperatingandmaintenancecosts.Theonlyongoingcostswouldbecostsassociatedwithproducingqualitywaterandthecostsofbuyingthesteam.Asthissteamisessentiallyaby-productofthepowerutility,itshouldbepossibletonegotiateaminimalpurchasecost(incomparisontothecostofHFO).

13. BENCHMARKING INDICES

Anumberofattemptshavebeenmadeatdevelopingenergyindiceswhichcouldbeusedasbenchmarksthroughouttheindustry.

AreportontheseafoodindustryinThailandgivesthefollowingfigures:

Typical TargetPowerconsumptioninkWhpertonoffish

22 – 279 36.7

Fuel(HFO)consumptionlitrespertonoffish

71 – 174 174

AreportonthecanningindustrybasedonfiguresfromtheUNEPreportgivesthefollowingfigures

PowerconsumptioninkWhpertonoffish 150-190

Ascanbeseemtherewouldappeartobequiteawiderangeandfiguresobtainedfromthesevenplantsvisitedshowsimilarvariances.Thisisunderstandableastheplantshavemarkeddifferencesinthetypeofproduction,factorylayouts,processdesignandprocessequipment,allofwhichwouldaffecttheenergyusage.Thislimitstheusefulnessoftheseindicatorsastoolsforcomparisons.

SomeworkhasbeendoneinternationallyonattemptingtomeasuretheelectricalconsumptionduringeachpartoftheprocessintermsoftheISO14000initiative.Todothissuccessfullytheelectricalreticulationhastobemodifiedsothatmeasuringinstrumentsinstalledareable


APPENDIX



ANNEX 1: PROGRAMME AND CONTACT PERSONS

Date Day Place Contact Persons2011/07/11 Monday FlytoMauritiusviaJHB2011/08/11 Tuesday Initial meeting and

orientation TDM Mr.ChrisShort,MrsVeroniqueGarrioch

2011/09/11 Wednesday ThonDesMascareignes(TDM)

Mr.MarioGenevieve(MaintenanceManager),MrAmitRajpugh(ElectricalEngineer)

2011/10/11 Thursday ThonDesMascareignes(TDM)

2011/11/11 Friday MarineBiotechnologyProducts(MBP)

Mr.YvesLeMao(GeneralManager),MrTerrenceBrown(OperationsManager),MrDariuszMarczkr(MaintenanceManager)

2011/12/11 Saturday13/11/2011 Sunday14/11/2011 Monday MarineBiotechnology

Products(MBP)15/11/2011 Tuesday MerDesMascareignes

(MDM)ChrisTalbot(GeneralManager),MadhuPotharala(MaintenanceManager)

16/11/2011 Wednesday FroidDesMascareignes(FDM)

MauriceRault(ManagingDirector),BartrandKoenig(ProjectManager),CleretAlcindor(MaintenanceManager)

17/11/2011 Thursday FroidDesMascareignes(FDM)

18/11/2011 Friday FlytoDiegoViaReunion19/11/2011 Saturday PecheetFroidOcean

Indien20/11/2011 Sunday21/11/2011 Monday PecheetFroidOcean

IndienHenriLouis(GeneralManager)Rodolphe(MaintenanceManager)

22/11/2011 Tuesday FlytoMauritiusviaAntananarivo

23/11/2011 Wednesday MauritiusFreeportDevelopment(MFD)

DomoniquedeFroberville(CEO)JacquesPelicier(MaintenanceManger)

24/11/2011 Thursday MauritiusFreeportDevel-opment(MFD)

25/11/2011 Friday Discussdraftreport26/11/2011 Saturday FlytoSeychellesvia

Reunion


27/11/2011 Sunday28/11/2011 Monday IndianOceanTuna JoramMadnack(General

Manager),CharlesDeClarise (Engineering Manager)

29/11/2011 Tuesday IndianOceanTuna30/11/2011 Wednesday FlytoDurbanviaDubai

ANNEX 2: TERMS OF REFERENCE

AGROTEC CONSORTIUM

Assignment NameMissionScheduleNumber

4M2.3.1a-TOR

Coordinator ChrisShort,KE3;CoordinatorofRESULT4:RegionalTradeStrategyTechnicalVerifier ChrisShort,KE3;CoordinatorofRESULT4:RegionalTradeStrategyBackgroundtoassign-ment

TheIRFSprogramwaslaunchedinFebruary2011withtheaimofcontributingtoanincreasedlevelofsocial,economicandenvironmentaldevelopmentanddeeperregionalintegrationintheESA-IOregionthroughthesustainableexploitationoffisheriesresources.TheprogramisfinancedbytheEuropeanUnionunderthe10thEuropeanDevelopmentFundwithinatotalfinancialcontributionofEuro21million.TheprogramisimplementedbytheIndianOceanCommission(IOC)incollaborationwiththeCommonMarketforEastandSouthernAfrica(COMESA),theEastAfricaCommunity(EAC)andtheInter-GovernmentalAuthorityonDevelopment(IGAD).OtherregionalinstitutionsinvolvedincludetheSouthernAfricanDevelopmentCom-munity(SADC)andregionalfisheriesmanagementorganizations,suchastheIndianOceanTunaCommission(IOTC),theSouthwestIndianOceanFisheriesCommis-sion(SWIOFC),theLakeVictoriaFisheriesOrganization(LVFO),andtheLakeTanganyikaFisheriesOrganization(LTFO).ThefirstphaseoftheProgramwillbeimplementedoveraperiodof31months(March2011-September2013).

Theoverallobjectiveoftheprogramistocontributetoanincreasedlevelofso-cial,economicandenvironmentaldevelopmentanddeeperregionalintegrationintheESA-IOregionthroughthesustainableexploitationoffisheriesresources.Theexpectedresultsandoutcomeoftheprogramfallsintothefollowingfivecategories:fisheriesgovernance;fisheriesmanagement;monitoring,controlandsurveillance;regionalfishtradeandfoodsecurity.

ThisassignmentfallsundertheResult4(regionalfishtradecomponent)oftheproject.Thedevelopmentofaregionaltradestrategyisthethrustoftheprogram.Thiswillbeimplementedthroughnationalandregionalleveltradeandmarketingap-proachesandregionalconsensustosupportstrategydevelopment.

Thetraditionalfocusonlargeinternationaltradingblockshasreducedeffortsfromdevelopingaregionaltradeapproach.Regionaltradeholdsgreatpotentialfordevelopmentandwillbeexaminedwithinthisprogramandintegratedwithstrate-gicmarketingplansattheregionalandnationallevel.Manynationalandregionallydrivenandorientedactivitieswilldevelopobjectiverequirementsforachievingthisgoal.Marketingstrategieswillbepreparedatthenationallevelandacomprehen-siveunderstandingofexistingandpotentialtrade,especiallyintra-regionally,willberequired.Thisdatawillensureregionaltradestrategiesmeettherequirementsofthe



beneficiarycountriesandthattradepotentialisfullyunderstood.Thisassignmentfollowsonfromapreviousassignmentthatlookedateco-certificationfortheIndianOceanTunaOperatorsAssociation(IOTOA).

BackgroundtothisactivityTORforphaseIIofIOTOApre-assessmentwork-followingthefirstpre-assessmentforeco-certificationintheIndianOceancompletedattheendofMay2011andsomerecommendations

comingfromthatassessmentreport,theAssociationisnowinterestedtocontinuewithpriorityenvironmentalaspectsofpostharvestmembersoftheassociation(approximately8manufacturersinMauritius,SeychellesandMadagascar).Theobjectiveistoadvisethemembersonpotentialtoimprovefacilityoperationsintheareasofwaterusage/wastewaterhandlingaswellasenergyusage:

- Environmentalassessmentsof8plantsintheIndianOceanwiththeIOTOAgroupwithafocusonwaterusage,wastewaterhandlingandenergyusage.Theplantsareasfollows:

1. locationinMauritius2. BlocationinMauritius3. ClocationinMauritius4. DlocationinMauritius5. ElocationinMauritius6. FlocationinMauritius7. GlocationinSeychelles8. HlocationinMadagascar

- Identificationandrecommendationsforappropriateinternationalstandards(suchasISO)thatcanbeplannedforandachievedbythemembersandoutlinetheprocesstoachievesuchstandards

Issuestobeaddressed Thespecifictaskisto:

Withafocusonthreecountries–Mauritius,SeychellesandMadagascar,anappropriatelydetailedassessmentoffacilityprocessesinvolvingwaterandenergyisrequired.

1Seniorindustrialwaterengineerand1seniorenergy/alternativeenergyspecialistisrequired.Anenvironmentalstandardsspecialists(suchasISO)isrequired,iftheseothersspecialistsarenotknowledgeableinthesubject–ideallyoneoftheexpertswouldfitthatrolealso.

ActivitiesoftheConsultant

Theexperts(2)shallperformthefollowingtasks:

• Visit3countriesoftheIndianOcean,namelyMadagascar,MauritiusandSeychellesandmeetwiththeindustryandtheauthoritieswithregardstoaneco-certificationschemeforthetunaindustry.Tobeaccompanied

WATER- InthecontextoftheoverallMauritiuswatersectorperformanceandexpected

performanceassesswaterusageforeachofthe8plantslistedabove.- Assessanddescribeatadetailedlevelprocessesrelatedtowater:sources,

usage,storageanddistributionsystemsateachplant- Reviewpotentialforreduction,re-use,recycling,re-structuringofwaterusage

withineachfacilityrelatedtotheircurrentusagesandprocessesemployed- Makerecommendationsforchangestoindustrialprocessattheplantlevelfor

improvementsthatwillbeeffectiveandefficientifundertaken- Estimatebudgetcostimplications(+or-)formakingvariousimprovements

recommended


- Identifyachievableinternationalstandardsforwaterusagesandwastewaterhandlingthatareappropriatetothefacilities

- Provideoutlineofroadmaptodescribetheprocesstoachievesuchstandards

ENERGY- Assessanddescribeatadetailedlevelenergyusageateachplant- Reviewpotentialforreductionofenergyusage,alternativesourcesofenergy

(solar,wind,energysavingtechniques,etc.)withineachfacilityrelatedtotheircurrentusagesandprocessesemployed

- Makerecommendationsforchangestoindustrialprocess/efficiencytoachieveenergysavings

- Estimatebudgetcostimplications(+or-)formakingvariousimprovementsrecommended

- Identifyachievableinternationalstandardsforwaterusagesandwastewaterhandlingthatareappropriatetothefacilities

- Provideoutlineofroadmaptodescribetheprocesstoachievesuchstandards

Prepareareportthatdetailsthefindingsofthestudyandpresentfindingsatade-briefingforselectedIOTOAmemberstobeorganizedattheendofthemission.

Expectedoutputs TheExpertshallproduceareportdemonstratingtheworkdone,namely:

a) Comprehensivereportdetailingallaspectswithrespecttothetasksaboveb) TableofContentsforthereporttobeverifiedasafirststepwithtechnical

coordinator(KE3)toensurebalanceofreportandareasofemphasis

ThereporttobeproducedusingMSWord(andotherMSOfficesoftwareifnecessary)andbeavailableinhardcopyandelectronicform,bothinWord(andotherMSOfficeProgrammesasappropriate)andalltheelementstogetherinsinglefilepdfformat.

Formatofeachreport - MSWordStylesforIRFSProgrammeReportsandTechnicalPapers- Structure- TitlepagesinmodelformatasperotherProgrammeReports–tobesupplied- Tableofcontents,tothreelevels,formalformat–tobeagreed- Listofannexesifappropriate- Tablesoftables,figuresandpicturesallformalformat- Abbreviationsandacronyms- Layman’ssummary(oneparagraphencapsulatingkeyelementsthatcanbe

usedinmagazine/webi.e.notovertechnical)- ExecutiveSummary(1to2pages),inEnglish,andFrench- Introduction- Mainbodyofreportdividedintodifferentsectionsasappropriate,normally

Context,Methodology,PerformanceinrelationtoTOR,andDiscussion(upto20pages)

- Conclusionsandrecommendations(eachrecommendationmustbeprecededbyaconclusion,thatreferstoadiscussioninthemainbodyofthereport)

- Annex1Termsofreference(ifappropriate)- Annex2Scheduleandpeoplemet(withcontacts)- Anyotherannex(es)asappropriate

Reporttobereviewedby

ChrisShort,KE3forTradeResult



(iii) TraveltoSeychelles 1(iv)Meetwithstakeholders(processingplant)toreviewfacility

processes,reportdrafting2

(v) TraveltoMadagascar 1(vi)Meetwithstakeholders(processingplant)toreviewfacility

processes,reportdrafting2

(vii)TraveltoMauritius 1(viii) PreparedraftreportduringvisitsandcontinueinMauritius

followingallplantvisits3

(ix)Discussandpresentdraftreportatde-briefingwithIOTOAStakeholderrepresentatives

1

(x) Traveltohomebase 2(xi)Finalizereportincorporatingdetailedasrequiredand

commentsreceivedfromstakeholderbriefing2

Total 26Totalinputdays:26workingdays

Start date Approx: StartJuly2011

CompletiondatesforReportsandfeepay-mentschedule

Draftreport WhilstonMission

Comments from PCM Within1weekafter de-briefing

Finalreport Within1weekafter de-briefing

FinalreportbasisforrelevantpaymentsExperienceandqualifi-cation

Senior Engineer Qualificationsandskills:- fluencyinoneofFrenchorEnglishandworkingknowledgeofother- Demonstratedexperiencewithindustrialplantwater/wastewaterengineering

processespreferablyinthefoodprocessing/fisheriessector- ExperienceworkingwithEUprojectsanadvantage- AbilitytotravelandworkinACPcountries

Locationsandtravel Mauritiusbase+travelinregionasrequired:

Travelfrom:(Homebase)toMauritius;toSeychelles;toMadagascar;returntoMauritius;to(Homebase)


LIST OF PUBLICATIONS – LISTE DES PUBLICATIONSSmartFish Programme

1. Report of the Inception / Focal Point Meeting of the SmartFish Programme – Flic en Flac, Mauritius, 15th-16th June 2011. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/01.August/Août2011.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

2. Report of the First Steering Committee Meeting of the SmartFish Programme – Flic en Flac, Mauritius,17th June 2011.REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/02.August/Août2011.SmartFishProgrammeIndianOceanCommission.

3. Rapport de la réunion de présentation du programme SmartFish aux points focaux – Flic en Flac, Ile Maurice, 15-16 juin 2011. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/03.August/Août2011.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

4. Eco-Certification for the Tuna Industry, Technical Assistance for Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy for ESA-IO (IRFS). REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/04.May2011.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

5. Regional Market Assessment (Supply and Demand). REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/05.March/Mars2012.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

6. Trade Assessment Study. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/06.March/Mars2012.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

7. Gouvernance des Pêches Maritimes dans l’Ouest de l’Océan Indien. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/07.June/Juin2012.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

8. Value Chain Assessment of the Artisanal Fisheries – Mauritius. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/08.June/Juin2012.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

9. Kenya Fisheries Governance. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/09.June/Juin2012.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

10. Training Needs Analysis – Quality and Hygiene: REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/10.June/Juin2012.SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

11. A Review of Somalia’s & (Semi-Autonomous Regions) Fisheries Legislation and Management. REPORTRAPPORT:SF/2012/11.June/Juin2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

12. Assessment of IUU Activities On Lake Victoria. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/12.June/Juin2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

13. Review Of The Legal Framework for the ESA-IO Region. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/13.June/Juin2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

14. Comprehensive capacity review to implement effective MCS in the ESA-IO Region. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/14.June/Juin2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

15. Assessment of IUU Fishing in Lake Tanganyika. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/15.June/Juin2012

SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.



16. Spirulina – A Livelihood and a Business Venture. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/16.SmartFishProgramme.June/Juin2012IndianOceanCommission.

17. Diversification Study (Eco-Tourism and Recreational Fisheries). REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/17.June/Juin2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

18. Value Chain Analysis of Fisheries Sector for Rodrigues. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/18.June/Juin2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

19. Dagaa Value Chain Analysis and Proposal for Trade Development. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/19.June/Juin2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

20. Operationalization of Fish Auction Market. (Feasibility Study). REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/20.December/Décembre2011SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

21. Options to Reduce IUU Fishing in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zanzibar: REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/21.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

22. Revitalization of Fisheries Research in Mauritius. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/22.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

23. Preparation of Draft Kenya Fisheries Management and Development Bill: REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/23.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

24. Une Analyse Globale de la Chaîne D’approvisionnement de la Pêcherie du Crabe de Mangrove (Scylla serrate) à Madagasar. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/24.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

25. Analyse Globale de la Gouvernance et de la chaîne D’approvisionnement de la Pêcherie du concombre de mer à Madagasar. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/25.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

26. Processing and Marketing of Small-Sized Pelagics in Eastern and Southern Africa. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/26.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

27. Report of the Second Steering Committee Meeting of the SmartFish Programme. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/27.August/Août2012.SmartFishProgrammeIndianOceanCommission.

28. The Farming of Seaweeds. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/28.August/Août2012.SmartFishProgrammeIndianOceanCommission.

29. Culture d’Algues Marines. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/29.August/Août2012.SmartFishProgrammeIndianOceanCommission.

30. Report of the Focal Point Meeting of the SmartFish Programme – Livingstone, Zambia, 28th – 29th February 2012. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2011/30.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

31. Appui a l’Elaboration d’une Strategie Nationale de Bonne Gouvernance des Peches Maritimes a Madagascar. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2013/31.June/Juin2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

32. A Review of Bycatch and Discard Issues in Indian Ocean Tuna Fisheries. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2013/32.2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.


33. The Feasibility of Aquaponics in Mauritius. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2013/33.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

34. National Governance and Value Chain Analysis of Shark Fisheries in Madagascar. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2013/34.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

35. Partners Meeting on Fisheries Strategy for the Esa-Io Region. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2012/35.July/Julliet2013SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

36. Potential for Energy Saving Measures in the Tuna Industry in the Southern Eastern Indian Ocean Region. REPORT/RAPPORT:SF/2013/36.August/Août2012SmartFishProgramme.IndianOceanCommission.

Programme SmartFish Rapport SF-2011-12 119

ANNEX 6

Contact :Indian Ocean Commission-Smartfish ProgrammeBlue Tower, 5th floor, Institute Road - Ebène, MauritiusTel (+230 402 6100) Fax (+230 465 7933)

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