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pre-intermediate

Martyn Hobbs and Julia Starr Keddle

with Katherine Stannett

LINKS



Contents

REAL COMMUNICATION & EXAM LISTENING

Module 1 4-5

Module 2 6-7

Module 3 8-9

Module 4 10-11

Module 5 12-13

Module 6 14-15

Module 7 16-17

INTERCULTURE

Module 1 About the USA 18-21

Module 2 Cultural diversity in the USA (1) 22-23

Module 3 Cultural diversity in the USA (2) 24-25

Module 4 Europe 26-29

Module 5 About Australia 30-33

Module 6 Language and literature (1) 34-35

Module 7 Language and literature (2) 36-37

STORIES 38-45

CLIL Module 1 Music: history of jazz 46-47

Module 2 Art: modern art movements 48-49

Module 3 The environment: wind farms 50-51

Module 4 Maths: probability 52-53

Module 5 Business: viral marketing 54-55

Module 6 Physics: space junk 56-57

Module 7 Literature: World War 1 poetry 58-59

ROLEPLAYS 60

SONGS 61-64



FILE Unit 1 APPLICATION FORMS

Instructions

Fill in

Complete

Circle

Choose

Write here:

Please list

FILE Unit 2 TRAVELLING BY PLANE

At check-in

Ticket and passport, please.

Is this your own baggage?

Did you pack the contents yourself?

Have you been given anything to carry?

How many pieces of luggage have you got?

Does your baggage contain any electrical or

electronic items, or sharp objects?

Have you got any hand luggage?

It’s too big. I’m sorry, you will have to check it in.

Would you like an aisle or a window seat?

Words and

expressions

application form

available

area code

education

experience

44

jModule1Module1 Real communication

Dialogue

1 Complete the dialogue with these words.

employer | complete | experience | choose |referees | available | filled in | education

JESS Can you check this job application form for me,

please? I don’t want to make any silly mistakes.

KEISHA Sure. Let’s see. First, you need to1__________________ the position you’re interested

in.

JESS Oh, yes, of course.

KEISHA Now, you’ve put your phone number here, but

you haven’t 2 __________________ the area code.

Isn’t it 01625? I don’t think you’ve finished the3 __________________ section here either. You need

to put all the different exams you did in your last yearat school.

JESS What, all of them? OK.

KEISHA Oh, this bit here. You’re not supposed to write

anything.

JESS What? Oh, I see now. It’s for the4 __________________ not the applicant. Right.

KEISHA In the part about 5 __________________ , are

you sure you’ve put every part-time job you’ve done

in the past? What about the baby-sitting?

JESS Oh, yes, I didn’t think about that.

KEISHA You’ve been to the USA before, haven’t you?

JESS Yeah, I went about five years ago with Mum.

KEISHA So you need to 6 __________________ this

section about ‘previous visits to the USA’.

JESS Right. And what about this bit, ‘Please list two7__________________’ . Who shall I put?

KEISHA Well, put your boss at Fashion Plus, and Mr

Harris from school. Oh, and don’t forget to tell

them when you’ll be 8 __________________ for an

interview.

22 Listen and check.

Real talk

3 Complete the dialogue with these words. Youdon’t need all of them.

Who exactly is… | kind of | drop dead gorgeous |You’re kidding | That is so cool | Anyway

ANNIE Mum says you can come on holiday to Cyprus

with us.

STACEY 1___________________ !

ANNIE No, I’m not. Joe’s coming too.STACEY 2____________________ Joe?

ANNIE He goes to school with my brother. He’s3_____________________ !

STACEY Fantastic. 4____________________ . Thanks

so much.




55

Dialogue

5 Complete the dialogue with these expressions.

pieces of luggage | interfered with | an aisle or awindow | pack these bags | ticket and passport | anyhand luggage | carrying any electronic equipment |

check it inCLERK Good morning. Can I see your

1____________________, please?

PASSENGER

Hi. Here you are.

CLERK How many 2

____________________ have you

got?

PASSENGER Just this suitcase.

CLERK Have you got 3 ____________________ ?

PASSENGER

Yes, I’ve got this bag.

CLERK Hmm. It’s too big. I’m sorry, you’ll have to4______________________ .

PASSENGER Oh… I’ll need to take some things out,

then.

CLERK

Now I need to ask you some security questions.

Did you 5 ____________________ yourself?

PASSENGER Yes, I always pack my own bags.

CLERK Are you 6 ____________________ in your

suitcase?

PASSENGER

I’ve got a personal CD player.

CLERK That’s OK. Are you carrying anything sharp,

such as knives or scissors?

PASSENGER

No, nothing.CLERK Could anyone have 7____________________

your luggage?

PASSENGER No, I don’t think so.

CLERK OK, Ms Connor. Would you like8______________________ seat?

PASSENGER I’d like a seat near a window, please.

CLERK Right. Here you are. Go to Gate 15. You’re

boarding in 45 minutes. Enjoy the flight!


Exam Listening - Towards PET (Part 3)

75 Listen to the conversation and complete the

notes.

Interview notesDATE:________________________ TIME:_____________________

NAME OF APPLICANT:

Mr Michael Jones

ADDRESS:

Lewis Street,1

REASON FOR WANTING TO WORK HERE:

Our reputation, and 2

SPECIAL SKILLS:

Has got3

skills.Has done a 4 course.

Is an excellent 5

OTHER SPORTS HE / SHE CAN DO:

football , tennis, 6 ,

karate, 7

and8

ART SKILLS:

Has won 9 for

pa in ti ng , and en joys 10

classes.



j

18

Module1 Interculture

Project

Glossary

Geography and landscape

The USA is a huge country and is the world’s third

largest nation (total area). There is a time difference

of six hours between Alaska and Maine! The USA has

a varied landscape including temperate forests in

the east, huge flat plains in the centre, deserts in the

south-west, the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains,

the Great Lakes, temperate rainforests in the Pacific

Northwest, mangrove forests in Florida, Arctic

regions in Alaska, and the volcanic islands of Hawaii.

The weather is varied – in the north there are very

cold winters and in the south-east it is sub-tropical.Sometimes there is extreme weather in the USA with

floods, hurricanes, droughts and earthquakes.

States and government

The USA has 50 states – 48 form the landmass between

Canada and Mexico. Alaska is the 49 th state, and Hawaii

was the last state to form part of the USA. The USA has

a federal government that runs the whole country, and

a president. It is a democracy, and people can vote for

the president, and parliament (Congress). Almost all

politicians are either Democrats or Republicans. Each

state has its own government. These governments

create their own taxes and laws.

1 PAIRWORK What do you know about theUSA? Answer these questions.

1 How many states are there?

2 Which two states are not joined to the landmass?

3 What are the two main political parties?

4 What industries does the USA have?

5 What is its population?

6 What are the main oceans around the USA?

2 Study the map and read the information

on the right. Check your answers to the

questions in exercise 1.

3 Read the information on the right again and

decide if the sentences are T (True) or F(False).

1 If it’s 6 a.m. in Alaska, it’s 8 a.m. in Maine. T / F

2 There is a wide variety of different geographical

features in the USA. T / F

3 Hawaii is the 50th state. T / F

4 There are many different political parties in the

USA. T / F

5 The USA manufactures a lot, but it doesn’t haveits own resources. T / F

6 The population of the USA in 1920 was 390

million. T / F

7 Many people in the USA are descended from

Europeans. T / F

8 Native Americans and Inuit are the oldest

inhabitants of the USA. T / F

4 Look at the map and complete thealphabetical list of states.

Find out some more information about the USA.

Choose a topic, for example The Government, and do

research on the Internet. Do a project and illustrate it

with photos, diagrams and charts.

plains floods

droughts landmass

coal cornwheat iron

slaves

The

USA



19

About the USA

Economy

The USA has the most important economy in the

world. The country has rich mineral resources

including gold, oil, coal and uranium. The USA is a

top producer of corn, wheat, sugar and tobacco, and

its industries produce aluminium, iron, steel, cars,

aeroplanes and electronics. But the biggest sector

of the economy is that of the service industries.

The people

The USA has a population of 308 million, many

descended from European immigrants. Thepopulation grew from a few million in 1820 to

over 100 million by 1920. Large groups of people

are descended from immigrants from Germany,

England, Scotland, Ireland and Italy, Scandinavian

countries and other eastern and southern European

countries. People from Mexico and South and

Central America are the largest minority group –

14.8% of the population. About 13% of the population

are African-Americans, mostly descended from

African slaves brought to America, and 4.4% of the

population is Asian-American. Native Americans and

Inuit have lived in the country thousands of years,

but make up less than 1% of the population.

Culture

All the major cities have classical music, historical, scientific

and art centres, and many museums. There is a rich culture

of dance, theatre, film and popular music. US culture

influences the rest of the world, especially the Western World.

Music, movies and TV from the USA are popular everywhere,

and US food and lifestyle is also exported all over the world.

Alabama

A__________

Arizona

Arkansas

C__________

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

F__________

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

I__________Iowa

Kansas

K__________

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

M__________

Minnesota

M__________

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

N__________

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New MexicoN__________

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

O__________

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

T__________

Utah

Vermont

V__________

Washington

West VirginiaWisconsin

W__________

The 50 states of the USA



j

20

Module1 Interculture

1 Work in pairs. Answer the questions.

1 What are the public holidays in your country? And in

your region or city?

2 What are the origins of these days?

3 What happens on these special days?

4 Which do you prefer?

2 Read the project and answer the questions.

Which holidays ...

1 celebrate the achievements of an individual?

2 celebrate a particular historical event in the USA?3 celebrate an exact date?

4 are religious?

3 Read the project again and write the name of

the holidays.

1 people watch the behaviour of a small animal

_____________

2 people dress up in scary clothes _____________

3 there is a big dinner with special food in the autumn

_____________

4 it remembers a historical battle _____________

5 it commemorates the leaders of the USA

_____________

6 it celebrates a famous activist _____________7 there are parades during this late summer event

_____________

8 it commemorates the dead _____________

Hi! We’re from Westlands High School, Denver,

and this is our class project on holidays in the

USA.The calendar of holidays in the USA tells us

about the history of our nation. These are some

of the holidays that we celebrate.

Martin Luther King Day third Mondayof January In the 1950s and 1960s the Reverend Dr

Martin Luther King used non-violent protests to fight against

the treatment of blacks as second-class citizens. He made

a famous speech in 1963 which started, ‘I have a dream ...’

Soon after, the US Congress prohibited racial discrimination.

In 1968 Martin Luther King was assassinated, and since 1986

there has been a holiday on that day.

President’s Day third Monday of

February George Washington was the first president

of the USA. There was a national holiday to celebrate his

birthday on 22 February until the 1970s. But then Congress

decided to create a single day to celebrate all the presidents

of the USA.

Memorial Day fourth Monday in May

Cities all around the country have their own ceremonies,

parades and memorial services to honour the dead. The

President of the USA gives a speech and lays a wreath. For

many Americans this day marks the beginning of summer,

and we go to the beach or to the mountains.



Project

Glossary

21

About the USA

4 Find the ways of celebrating that match these

definitions.

1 a special religious event to remember the dead

_____________

2 a meal outside sitting on the ground _____________

3 a procession of people _____________

4 beautiful, colourful, noisy explosions in the night sky

_____________

5 a special get-together of friends with food, drink and

music _____________

6 a huge meal with lots of special food _____________

5 PAIRWORK Which holidays in the USA do you

prefer? Why?

Choose one of the following for a project. Do some

research on the Internet. Illustrate your project with

photos.

• a US holiday • a holiday in your country

the dead to mark

trick harvest

cranberry sauce sweet potatoes

pumpkin pie hole

shadow

Independence Day the fourth of July

This is the birthday of the USA as a free nation. It

commemorates the signing of the Declaration of

Independence on July 4, 1776. The 13 British colonies on the

eastern coast were at war with Britain. They fought for the

freedom of the colonies. We have picnics, patriotic parades,

concerts and fireworks on this day.

Labor Day first Monday of September

In 1894 Congress made Labor Day a holiday to honour all

working people. In many places there are Labor union

parades. It marks the end of the summer and we often go to

the beach for a three-day weekend. And for us students, it

marks the beginning of the school year!

Columbus Day second Monday in

October Do you know who Christopher Columbus was?

Of course you do! He was the European navigator who landedin the New World in 1492. There is a huge parade in New York

to celebrate this holiday.

Halloween 31st October ‘Trick or treat’ say the

children as they go from house to house dressed as ghosts

and witches. The neighbours have to give them a present

or they have a trick played on them. Teenagers and adults

have masquerade parties, too. The orange pumpkin, with its

scary face, is a symbol of Halloween and comes from a Celtic

tradition.

Thanksgiving Day fourth Thursday in

November What is this important event about? When

the Pilgrim Fathers arrived in Massachusetts in 1621 they

had a terrible first winter. Then Native Americans taught

them how to grow food, and the next harvest was so good

that they held a feast. We have a big dinner with our family

and friends and serve food from that first feast – roast

turkey, cranberry sauce, sweet potatoes and pumpkin

pie. We give thanks before we begin the meal.

Christmas 25th December Most

Americans are Christians and we have a holiday for

the Christmas period and spend it with our family and

friends. We go shopping before Christmas and giveeach other presents on Christmas Day. We decorate our

homes, have a Christmas tree and eat Christmas dinner.

Ethnic Holidays There are other significant

holidays which aren’t national days. The Chinese

communities celebrate Chinese New Year with

fireworks and feasts. And since 1966, African Americans

have celebrated Kwanzaa, an African harvest festival.

Mardi Gras happens in New Orleans with a big parade.

And on St Patrick’s Day there is a parade in New York

to commemorate the Irish patron saint.

State Holidays Each state has its own holidays,

too. Our favourite is Groundhog Day. It is celebrated in

Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. A groundhog, ‘Punxsutawney

Phil’, has to come out of his hole. If he sees his shadow in

the sun, it is going to be an early spring. If not, it will be a

long winter! It was the location of a famous comedy film,

Groundhog Day .



46

Warm up

1 What is your favourite type of music?

R&B | Hip Hop | Trance | Indie | Folk |

Jazz | Classical | Pop | Rock

2 PAIRWORK Which instruments are

traditionally used in a jazz band?

a violin

b flute

c saxophone

d drums

e clarinet

f trumpet

g recorder

h trombone

i double bass

Reading

3 Read the article and write the

musical styles for these artists.

1 Jelly Roll Morton __________

2 Charlie Parker __________

3 Louis Armstrong __________

4 Read the article again and circleT (True) or F (False).

1 Slaves often sang while they worked. T / F

2 Blues music was never popular in the towns.

T / F

3 People from many different countries lived in

New Orleans in the 1900s. T / F

4 Jazz and blues music started in the northern

states of the USA. T / F

5 ‘Chicago’-style jazz started in the 1950s. T / F

6 If you use improvisation, it means that you

play exactly the same tune every time. T / F

Vocabulary

5 Match the words with the definitions.

1 slave2 harmony

3 immigrant

4 folk music

5 syncopation

6 bass line

1

M o d u l e

CLILMUSIC: HISTORY OF JAZZ

It was dangerous and it was rebellious. It was

called ‘The Devil’s Music’. It started in the fields

of southern USA as the music of the slaves, but

now we see it as a symbol of democracy and

freedom. When we look at the history of blues

and jazz music, we can follow the history of

black America, from slavery to celebrity.

Jazz and Blues

Work songs and Spirituals

In 19th century southern USA, most African Americans

worked as slaves in the fields. Their lives were very hard

and they sang work songs and spirituals – religious

songs – to show their feelings of sadness and their

hopes for freedom. These songs were the beginnings

of blues music and the word ‘blues’ means a feeling

of sadness. Sometimes slaves used these songs to

give secret messages to each other. For example, the

spiritual, The Gospel Train’s A-comin’ , is about a group of

slaves who are getting ready to escape from slavery.

The Beginnings of Jazz

When slavery ended in 1865, many African Americans

moved into the towns. They brought blues music with

them and it became popular throughout Southern

America. The most exciting city in the southern USA at

this time was probably New Orleans. It was full of people

and their music from all over the world. As well as blues

music, there were marching bands which played brass

instruments like trumpets, cornets and tubas and there

was folk music from Europe. At the same time, two

black musicians - Scott Joplin and Jelly Roll Morton –

developed a form of piano music called ‘Ragtime’. This

used syncopation with a strong bass line.Gradually a new type of music grew from these

different musical styles – jazz music. It was the music of

the people, the music of the immigrants, the slaves and

the rebels.

a traditional music from onecountry or one group of

people

b a rhythm with the emphasis

on the weak beat

c someone who belongs to

another person and has to

work for them

d the lowest instrumental part

in a piece of music

e a combination of musical

notes played at the sametime

f a person who comes from

one country into another

country to live

“Jazz is the big brotherof Revolution.Revolution follows it

around.” MILES DAVIS



Project

47

1

M o d u l e

Listening

634 Listen to the interview. How

did Louis Armstrong develop the‘scat’ style of singing?

7 Listen again and complete thetimeline for Louis Armstrong.

1901 born

19__ sang in the streets of New Orleans

1915 _____________________ playing

cornet for a dance hall.

19__ moved to Chicago

1924 got a job ________________ .

19__ made his first recording.

Speaking

8 Ask and answer. Check your

answers to exercise 7.

(A When did he sing in the streets

of New Orleans?

)B I think it was 1912. What did he

do in 1915?

(A He …

Writing

9 Write a paragraph about Louis

Armstrong’s early life.

Research another great jazz musician.

You can choose one of these musicians,

or you can use your own ideas.

Charlie Parker

Wynton Marsalis

Charles Mingus

Thelonious Monk

a Make notes about

• The musician’s childhood

• When did he/she first learn to play

an instrument?

• What kind of jazz music did he/she

play?

• What songs did he/she write?

b Write a short article about your

musician.

Jazz and the Great DepressionJazz and blues music spread from the southern states to the northern and

it became the music for the young generation of the 1920s. By now, jazz

music was popular with white and black audiences. During the Great

Depression of the 1930s and then the second world war, people danced

to jazz bands as a way of escaping from their difficult lives at home. Louis

Armstrong and Duke Ellington formed jazz orchestras and played ‘Chicago

style’ jazz. But although they were famous musicians, they still experienced

racial segregation – where black and white people went to different schools,

had different seats on the bus and even used different entrances to get into

concert halls.

Cool JazzBy the 1950s, there were many different styles of jazz music. Artists like

Charlie Parker, Miles Davis and Ella Fitzgerald used a lot of improvisation.

Each time they played a tune, they created a new way to play it and they used

a lot of extra notes. This style of jazz was called ‘cool jazz’.

Other jazz styles in the 1950s and 1960s included ‘be-bop’, ‘hard bop’ and

‘free jazz’.

Jazz hasn’t stopped developing, changing and growing. It

has been a huge influence in much of the popular music of

today, especially R&B, soul music and hip hop. The ‘devil’s

music’ is still alive!

‘Jazz isn’t dead. It just smells funny.’ FRANK ZAPPA

The Gospel Train’s a’comin’

I hear it just at handI hear the car wheels rumblin’

And rollin’ thro’ the land

CHORUS:

Get on board little childrenGet on board little children

Get on board little childrenThere’s room for many more

I hear the train a’comin’She’s comin’ round the curve

She’s loosened all her steam and brakesAnd strainin’ ev’ry nerve

The fare is cheap and all can goThe rich and poor are there

No second class aboard this trainNo difference in the fare

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