for plagiarism

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Realistic Mobility Model and Co-Operative Peer to Peer Data Transmission for VANETs

sin! "MO and MOVE

#$ %NTRODCT%ON

#$#$ VANETs&

A Ve'ic(lar Ad-)oc Net*or+s or VANET is a tec'nolo!y t'at 'as movin! ve'icle as nodes

in a net*or+ for creatin! a mobile or portable net*or+$ ,e can say t'at VANET t(rns eac'

and every ve'icle into a *ireless node allo*in! cars to connect to eac' ot'er *'ic' are #..-

/.. meters apart and in t(rn create a *ide covera!e of net*or+ connectivity$ As cars fall o(t

d(e to si!nal ran!e and drop o(t of t'e present net*or+ ot'er cars can 0oin in to connect

ve'icles to one anot'er so a mobile %nternet can be created$ %t is ass(med t'at t'e first

systems in *'ic' it is inte!rated are police and fire ve'icles to comm(nicate *it' one anot'er

to provide safety$

%t is a term *'ic' is (sed to describe t'e ad-'oc net*or+ t'at is formed over ve'icles movin!

on t'e roads$ VANETs net*or+s are very fast emer!e for deployin! and developin! ne* and

traditional and real-time applications$ %t is c'aracteri1ed by rapidly c'an!in! net*or+

topolo!y 'i!' mobility and ep'emeral one-time interactions$ 2ot' MANETs 3 VANETs arec'aracteri1ed from t'e movement and self-or!ani1ation of t'e nodes for connectivity$

1.2 What is Smart Vehicle?

Ve'icles *'ic' are e4(ipped *it' m(lti interface smartcards and li!'t sensors on board (nit

and e5ternally$ T'e n(mber of ve'icles e4(ipped *it' inb(ilt *ireless devices 6e.g. MT"

%EEE 7.8$##p Wi-Fi 2l(etoot' %nfrared etc$9 and sensors 6e.g$ radar ladder etc$9 is

increasin! for efficient transprotation and mana!ement applicatios:(ses are foc(sed on

optimi1in! flo*s of ve'icles by red(cin! t'e time ta+en to travel and avoidin! any traffic

con!estions$ As an instance t'e radar present on on-board co(ld be (sed to sense traffic

con!estions and a(tomatically slo* t'e ve'icle$ %n anot'er accident *arnin!:alarm systems

sensors can be (sed to determine t'at a cas' or dama!e may be occ(rred if air ba!s *ere

deployed; t'is +ind of information is t'en relayed via V8% or V8V *it'in t'e ve'ic(lar

net*or+$


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A provide different levels of f(nctionality is provided by (sin! n(mber of systems and

sensors$ T'e ma0or *ireless and sensors e5ploidet for intra-ve'icle comm(nications *e cite&

cras' sensors t'e data recorder t'e ba+in! system t'e en!ine control (nite t'e electronic

stability control t'e info-entertainment system t'e inte!rated starter !enerator t'e electronic

steerin! t'e tire pres(re monitorin! system t'e po*er distrib(tion and connectivity t'e

li!'tin! system seat belt sensors etc$


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Road safely applications aims to avaid t'e ris+ of car accidents and it ma+e t'e drivin! safer

by distr(b(tin! information abo(t obstacles and 'a1ards T'e basic idea be'ind it is to

broaden t'e ran!e of perciption of driver allo*in! 'im:'er to react m(c' faster t'an+s to

alerts reciption t'ro(!' t'e *ireless comm(nications$ Traffic eficiency and mana!ement

applications foc(s on optimi1in! t'e flo*s of ve'icles by red(cin! t'e time ta+en by ve'icle

and sit(ation of avoedin! traffic 0am$ Applications li+e en'anced ro(te navi!ation: !(idance

lane mer!in! assistanse and traffic lite optimal sc'ed(lin! are intended to optimi1e t'e

ro(tes *'ile also providin! a red(ction of f(il cons(mption and !as emision$ Alt'o(!' t'e

primary p(rpose of VANETs is to provide safety applications and t'e non-safety Applications

are t'ere e5pected to create commorcial opport(nities by increasin! n(mber of ve'icles

*'ic' are e4(ipped *it' on-board *ireless devices$ Comfort and infotainment applications

'as !oal to provide t'e driver *it' information s(pport and entertainment to ma+e t'eir

0o(rney more pleasant$ T'e collisions of cars are c(rrently one of t'e ma0or dead ca(ses$

"afety applications are al*ays (sed to si!nificantly red(ce t'e n(mber of accidents *it' t'e

main foc(s to avoid accidents from 'appenin! in t'e very first place$ Ta+e e5ample

"treetsmart and Traffic Vie* inform drivers *it' t'e 'elp of ve'ic(ler comn(nications of t'e

traffic conditions$ Ve'icle platonin! is t'e ot'er *ay to improve t'e safety of road$ 2y

removin! t'e 'asstle of ad0(stin! speed and c'an!in! lane ve'icle platoonin! allo*s

ve'icles to travel closely yet safely to!et'er$ CA9 Past Cras' Notification 6PCN9 and Co-operative Collision ,armin! 6CC,9$

%n Post Cr(s'e Notification t'e ve'icles *'ic' are involved in an accident *o(ld broadcast

t'e *amin! messa!es abo(t t'eir position to t'e ot'er trailin! ve'icles so t'at it can ta+e

decition *it' time remainin! in 'and$

T'e PCN application may be implemented bot' on V8% and V8V net*or+ confi!(rations$ %n

fact t'e V8V !ives t'e advanta!e of !ivin! 4(ic+ly t'e information needed t'ro(!' a

discover-and-s'are policy$ 2y (sin! t'e specific sensors it 'elps in meas(rin! possible


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c'an!es in t'e rational be'avior of t'e driver 6e$!$ rapid direction c'an!es 4(ic+ bra+e (se

and so on9 t'at are t'en comm(nicated bac+ *it' directional antennas to t'e ot'er ve'icles

t'at is in t'e same direction$

Once t'e messa!e is received t'e closest ve'icle can s'are t'is information *it' t'e ot'er

nodes present *it' a floodin! ro(tin!$ %n some partic(ler case of false alarm by t'e very first

ve'icle e5periemcin! t'e irrational be'avior of t'e driver t'is type of information floads on

t'e VANET$ %t is t'en very important to fi5 iss(e of false t'e alarms$


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>et (s ass(me a driver 'as been disttacted by somet'in! on t'e panorama and moves t'e

"teerin! *'eel beca(se of t'at t'e direction of t'e ve'icle c'an!es accidental%y$ Once t'e

error is reco!ni1ed t'e driver *ill react very 4(ic+ly by c'an!in! diraction or by (sin! 4(ic+

and stron! bra+es$

%f t'e very first follo*in! driver does not e5perience accidents t'en t'e ve'icle does not

for*ard t'is type of information and false alarm probability is m(c' red(ced$ ,it' t'e (se of

V8% arc'itect(re t'e access points m(st !at'er information 6e$!$ Alarms for 4(ic+ c'an!es in

speed9 comin! from different ve'icles and t'e data is mer!ed t'at red(cin! t'e si!nalin!

from t'e ve'icles$

Traffic monitorin! and mana!ement are very essential to avoid traffic Con!estion and

ma5imi1e road capacity$ Crossin! intersections in t'e streets of city can be dan!er(s and

tric+y at times$ Traffic li!'t sc'ed(lin! can be (sed by t'e drivers to cross interessections$

Allo*in! a very smoot' flo* of traffic can mainly red(ce travel time and increase ve'icle

t'ro(!'p(t$ A to+an-based intersection traffic mana!ement sc'eme is a sc'eme in *'ic' eac'

ve'icle *aits to ta+e a to+en before enterin! in an intersection$ On t'e ot'er side *it'

+no*led!e of traffic conditions drivers s'o(ld optimi1e t'eir drivin! ro(tes; t'ereby t'e

problem of 6'i!'*ay9 traffic con!estion can be minimi1ed$

Con!estion Road Notification detects and notifys abo(t road con!estions t'at can be (sed for

ro(te and trips plannin!$ T'is +ind of (se is partially implemented in t'e recent =P"-based

applications *'ere a ne* ro(te is evol(ated *'en 'eavy con!estion 'as been detected on t'e

present ro(te or in a partion of it$ Till no* several commercial tools are available for t'e

smart-p'ones and special parpose devices$

TMC messa!es 'ave a considerable amo(nt of informations&

>ocation& t'e road area or specific location affected$

%dentification& *'at is t'e ca(se of t'e traffic problem and its serio(sness?

E5tent& 'o* far t'e problem stretc'es in eac' direction;

Direction& t'e directions of t'e traffic are affected;

Diversion advice& (se alternative ro(tes to avoid t'e con!estion$

D(ration& 'o* lon! t'e traffic flo* problem is affected;


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T'e service provider 6"P9 encodes t'e messa!e and sends it to


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for t'e 'i!'4c(ality video-streamin! services$ Driver can en0oy t'eir travelin! time by t'e

means of real-time applications e$!$ online !amin! and video streamin! (sin! individ(al

terminals ne5t to t'eir seats$

Tamper Proo !e"ice

@Every smart ve'icle carries a tamper-proof device

@ @Contains t'e secrets of every ve'icle itself

@ @)as its o*n battery

@ @)as its o*n cloc+

@ @%s in c'ar!e of all t'e sec(rity operations

@ @%s accessible or (sed only by a(t'ori1ed (sers

!I#ITAL SI#NAT$%E&

"ymetric crypto!rap'y is not !ood for messa!es are of lar!e scale non-rep(diation

re4(ierement and standalone$

Eac' messa!e t'at to be send s'o(ld be si!ned *it' a Di!ital si!nat(re 6D%"9$

>iabiliety messa!es m(st be stored in t'e EDR$

V'PI (Vehic)lar PI*

Eac' smart ve'icle caries in its Tamper Proof Device 6TPD9&

A certified and (ni4(e identlty& Electronic >icense Plate 6E>P9

T'e set of certified anonymoe(s p(blic or private +ey pairs

2efore a smart ve'icle sends a safety messa!e it si!'ns t'e messa!e *it' its private +ey and

incl(des t'e essential CAs certificate$

M(t(al a(t'entication can be done *it'o(t (sin! a server

A(t'orities 6re!ional or national9 are cross-certified$


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1.+ T,pes o Comm)-icatio-s I- Va-et

Vehicle to "ehicle comm)-icatio-

sin! m(lti-'op:m(lti cast tec'ni4(e$

%t (ses t*o types of broadcastin! i$e$

#$ Naive broadcastin!

8$ %ntelli!ent broadcastin!

Vehicle to i-rastr)ct)re comm)-icatio-

)ave a 'i!' band*idt' lin+ *it' ve'icle and roadside e4(ipment$

Roadside (nits broadcast messa!es for comm(nications$

2. %elateWor/ &

Already *e are (sin! infrastr(ct(re based comm(nication system$ 2(t P8P system in

VANET 'as been a recent topic no*adays$ T'ere are a n(mber of t'e proposed systems

for P8P on eit'er on an e5istin! infrastr(ct(re or t'e cell(lar system$ %PPER is also one

of t'e met'ods introd(ced by Ab(elela$ ero %nfrastr(ct(re Peer-to-Peer system for

VANETs$ %t is desi!ned mainly for m(lti-media data s'arin! s(c' as Movies and m(sic

in VANETs$ Anot'er met'od is Car-Torrent a *or+ t'at e5tends t'e bit-Torrent protocol

for Ve'ic(lar net*or+ scenarios$ T'ere are many ot'ers vario(s types of applications t'at

*or+ on Peer-to-Peer system can be implemented in Ve'ic(lar Ad-'oc Net*or+$ "ince

Peer-to-Peer is a Po*erf(l platform for a variety of m(ltimedia streamin! applications

over t'e %nternet s(c' as video on-demand video conferencin! and line broadcastin!$

3. Propose S,stem

%n o(r proposed system *e are implementin! Peer-to-Peer system *e are !oin! to (se TC-

MAC Al!orit'm and also TDMA assi!nment tec'ni4(e for cl(ster based VANETs$ TC-MAC

allo*s Ve'icle to e5c'an!e data *it' a 'i!' reliability; bot' non-safety and safety messa!es

*ill be e5c'an!ed$ %n TC-MAC it ass(mes an N-Ve'icle cl(ster$ T'e transmission time is


9/26

partitioned into non overlappin! lo!ical TDMA frames$ %t ass(mes e5istence of B slotted

"C)s n(mbered

from . t'ro(!' B-#$ Eac' lo!ical frame consists of N:B# slots n(mber . t'ro(!'

N:B$

Eac' ve'icle in t'e cl(ster *ill receive a local %D bet*een . to N$ T'e C) *ill al*ays %D#

*'ile %D. is reserved for a virt(al ve'icle$ TC-MAC not !oin! to e5pect all t'e nodes in t'e

net*or+ so t'at all N node in t'e cl(ster to be comm(nicatin! or active sim(ltaneo(sly$ T'e

C) !oin! to

+eep t'e list of active ve'icles and disseminates t'is list to all t'e members of t'e cl(ster$

Peer-to-Peer


10/26

2y t(nin! into ve'icle bs o*n mini-slot ve'icle a determine *'et'er or not ve'icle b

is available$

%f so ve'icle Fb !oin! to transmit a pac+et on c'annel Fb mod + d(rin! timeslot b:+

T'ey are s'arin! a file ve'icle Fa *ill as+ a permission from t'e C) to (se ot'er time

slots on t'e "C)s$

C) !oin! to c'ec+ t'e (n(sed timeslots on t'e "C)s and !rant t'em to ve'icle a 3

b$ T'ese !ranted time slot is available on t'e "C)s beca(se no ot'er ve'icle is

assi!ned for t'at %Ds$

No* Ve'icle Fa and Fb can start transmission$

2. LITE%AT$%E S$%VE0

2.1O"er"ie o sec)rit, iss)es i- Vehic)lar A'hoc Netor/s

VANETs are a s(bset of MANETs in *'ic' comn(nication nodes or mainly ve'icles$ As

s(c' t'is +ind of net*or+ s'(ld deal *it' a !reat n(mnber of 'i!'l mobile nodes event(ally

dispersed in different roads$ %n VANETs ve'icles can comm(nicate eac' ot'er 6V8V

Ve'icle-8-Ve'icle comn(nications9$ Moreover t'ey can connect to an infrastr(ctore 6V8%

Ve'icle-8-%nfrastr(ct(re9 to !et some serviece$ T'is infrastr(ct(re is as(med to be locatedalon! t'e roads$

VANET O!EL OVE%VIEW

T'erefore many involved in a VANET setlement and deploynment$ Alto(!' t'e vast ma0onty

of VANET nodes are ve'icles t'ere are ot'er entities t'at perform basic oparations in t'ise

net*or+s$

Commo- VANET e-tities

I-rastr)ct)re e-"iro-me-t&

%t is mainly composed by t'ose entities t'at mana!e t'e traffic or offer an e5ternal service$

Vehicle registretion and offance reporting are t*o important tas+s$

A'hoc e-"iro-me-t&


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safety distaence9$ T'ese sensorial data can be s'ared *it' ot'er ve'icles to increase t'eir

a*areness and improve road safety$


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t'e content$ %f net*or+ codin! is (sed for P8P content distrib(tion *'en one comm(nicatin!

node is disconnected d(rin! t'e transfer of t'e data t'e receivin! node can still do*nload t'e

se!ments from anot'er peer as all t'e pac+ets are combined at eac' node$

Anot'er problem *it' P8P content distrib(tion sc'eme for VANET is of classification of

(sef(l information and entortainment data$ T'is problem can be solved by (sin! relay

net*or+ codin! tec'ni4(e$ %f information li+e accident on t'e lane needs to be transmitted it

m(st be transmitted to all t'e comm(nicatin! nodes so #-bit is attac'ed *it' t'e se!ment t'at

is bein! transmitted ot'er *ise .-bit is transmitted so t'at only t'en receivin! node do*nload

all t'e se!ments from t'e ot'er nodes$

2.3 A rameor/ to sim)late VANET sce-arios ith S$O


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%nte!rate a direct and bydirectional comm(nication *it' "MO allo*in! (s to define

more comple5 sim(lation scenarios in OPNET modeler$

2.7 OVE (o8ilit,

moel

e-erator or Vehic)lar -etor/s* &

T'e time cons(mnin! process from collectim! traces analy1in! t'e data to finally !eneratin!

and implenentin! models can ma+e some researc' obsolete before it is finis'ed$ %n t'is *or+

*e develop a tool MOVE 6M.bility model !enerator for VE'ic(lar net*or+s9 to facilitate

(sers to rapidly !enerate reallstic mobility models for VANET sim(lations$ O(r tool MOVE is

b(ilt on top of an open so(rce micro-traffic sim(lator "MO I$ T'e o(tp(t of MOVE is a

mobility trace file t'at contalns information of realistic ve'icle movements *'ic' can be

immediatly (sed by pop(lar sim(lation tools s(c' as ns-8 or 4(alnet$ MOVE allo*s (sers to

rapidly !enerate realistic VANET mobility models in t*o asspects&- by intefacin! *it' real

*orld map databases s(c' as T%=ER #. and =oo!le Eart' MOVE allo*s (ser to

convniently incorporate realistic road maps into t'e sim(lation$ %n addition by providin! a set

of =rap'icol ser %nterfaces t'at a(tomate t'e sim(lation scrlpt !eneration MOVE allo*s t'e

(ser to 4(i+ly !enerate realistic sim(lation scenarios *it'o(t t'e 'ass'le of *ritin! sim(lation

scripts as *ell as learnin! abo(t t'e internal details of t'e sim(lator$

3. TC'AC Alorithm )si- T!A

%n t'is paper *e propose a peer-to-peer file s'arim! sc'eme for VANETs$ %n t'is *or+

it *ill decrease t'e do*nload time for files bet*een t*o ve'icles d(rin! del'ivery of

safety messa!e$ %n o(r sc'+ieme *e are (sin! TC-MAC Al!orit'm$ TC-MAC (ses

TDMA as a medi(m access control it !oin! to assi!n a (ni4(e time slot to eac' ve'icle$

)ere


14/26

TC-MAC is a dynamic TDMA slot asi!nment tec'ni4(e for cl(stor-based VANETs$ TC-

MAC (nli+e D"C allo*s ve'icles to e5c'an!e nonsafely messa!es *'ile maintainin! a

'i!' reliability level for e5c'an!in! safety messa!es$ %n t'is tec'ni4(e t'e collision-free

intra-cl(ster comm(nications are mana!ed by t'e Cl(stor 'ead 6C)9 (sin! TDMA$ T'e

TC-MAC protocol ass(mes an Nve'lcle cl(ster$ T'e transmistion time is partitioned into

consec(tive non overlappin! lo!ical TDMA frames$ %t ass(mes t'e e5istence of +

slotted ")s n(mbered from . t'ro(!' +-#$ %n eac' "C) t'e lo!ical TDMA frames are

ali!ned i$e$ be!in and end at t'e same time$ Eac' lo!ical frame contains b N + c# slots

n(mbered from . t'ro(!' b N + c$ All slots are t'e same si1e and t'e slot si1e J is

+no*n to all ve'icles in t'e cl(ster$


15/26

# indicates t'at t'e ve'icle is involved in comm(nicatin! *it' some ot'er

ve'icle i in t'e cl(ster; t'e binary encodin! of t'e %D of ve'icle i follo*s in t'e

second byte$

8 indicate t'at t'e ve'icle is involved in comm(nicatin! *it' a m(lticast !ro(p

in t'e cl(ster; t'e binary encodin!s of t'e %Ds of t'e members of t'e m(lticast

!ro(p follo* in t'e ne5t L/ bytes$

#8 is t'e confirmation of t'e 'ands'a+eQ$

#8L indicate t'at t'e ve'icle *ill transmit a re4(est d(rin! its (pcomin! slot$

#8S indicate t'at t'e car *ill (se its (pcomin! slot to transmit$


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3.2 P2P 4ile Shari- Scheme

T'e !oal of t'e proposed *or+ is to allo* nei!'borin! ve'icles to r(n non-safety

applications s(c' as lar!scale P8P file s'arin! and media stieamim! services in

VANETs$ ,e ass(me t'at t'e ve'icle 'as already fo(nd anot'er ve'icle t'at 'as a file to

do*nload$ ,e modified t'e len!t' of t'e TDMA frame in TC-MAC to be #.. msec$ %n

t'is case *e !(arranted t'at every ve'icle in t'e cl(ster sends one (pdate:safety

messa!e every #..msec to meet t'e safety messa!e re4(irements$ "(ppose ve'icle i

*is'es to s'are a lar!e file *it' ve'icle 0; settin! (p a connection bet*een t'em is done

as follo*s&

#9 2y t(nin! in to ve'icle 0s o*n mini-slot ve'icle i determine *'et'er or not ve'icle 0

is available$

89 %f so ve'icle i transmits a 'ands'a+e pac+et on c'annel 0 mod + d(rin! time slot b 0:

+$

/9 "ince t'ey are s'arin! a lar!e file ve'icle i *ill as+ a permission from t'e C) to (se

ot'er time slots on t'e "C)s$

G9 C) *ill c'ec+ for (n(sed time slots on t'e "C)s and !rant t'em to ve'icles i and 0$T'ese !ranted time slots on t'e "C)s co(ld be available beca(se no ve'icles *ere

assi!ned to t'eir %Ds or beca(se t'e ve'icles assi!ned to t'em are inactive$

9 No* ve'icles i and 0 can start t'e transmission$ To ens(re t'at ve'icles i and 0 are still

receivin! (pdate messa!es from ot'er ve'icles nearby d(rin! t'e transmission of t'e s'ared

file ve'icles i and 0 *ill (se t'e !ranted time slots on t'e "C)s in t'e first 'alf of t'e TDMA

frame and t'en s*itc' to t'e CC) d(rin! t'e second 'alf of t'e TDMA frame$

%n t'e follo*in! TDMA frame ve'icles l and 0 *iil +eep listemn! to t'e C) and t'en

s*itc' to t'e !ranted time slots on t'e C)s in t'e second 'alf of t'e TDMA frame$ T'is

process *ill contim(e (ntil t'e file transmission is completed or interr(pted by t'e C)

d(e to c'an!es in t'e availability of t'e (n(sed time slots$ An illl(stration of t'is is

s'o*n in


17/26

To solve t'is iss(e *e need to differentiate bet*een t'e messa!es t'at are missed$ %f t'e

missed messa!es are position (pdate messa!es t'e receiver can predict t'e movement of

t'e sender d(rin! t'is time$ On t'e ot'er 'and if t'e missed messa!es are safety

messa!es t'at are tri!!ered by c'an!es in ve'icle be'avior t'e sender of t'at messa!e

*ill collect feedbac+ on its recent broadcast messa!e from ot'er ve'icles and resend t'e

safety messa!e if needed$ T'is feedbac+ is done (sin! t'e Pi!!ybac+ed

Ac+no*led!ement 6PACB9 protocol #8 *'ic' places t'e follo*in! information in

eac' o(t!oin! safety messa!e

"enders position

T'e intended ran!e of reception

A randomly !enerated messa!e %D

%Ds of most recently received messa!es 6of *'ic' t'is sendin! node is *it'in

t'eir intended ran!es9

T'e reception time 6time earliest9 of t'e earliest messa!e in t'e

ac+no*led!ement list %f ve'icle i receives a messa!e M 0 from ve'icle 0 i is able

to infer feedbac+ on its recently transmitted messa!e M i if and only if t*oconditions are met& 0 is *it'in t'e intended ran!e of Mi and t'e attac'ed time

earliest in M 0 is earlier t'an t'e time Mi is sent$


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D(rin! slot "L ve'icle A *ill s*itc' to t'e CC) to broadcast (pdate:safety

messa!es to ot'er cl(ster members$

D(rin! slot ". ve'icle 2 *ill s*itc' to t'e C) to broadcast (pdate:safety

messa!es to ot'er cl(ster members$ ,it' t'is tec'ni4(e t'e total n(mber of slots

needed for a file to be transferred from ve'icle A to ve'icle 2 is s'o*n in Table

% ass(min! a slot in "C) can send #8.. 2 of data$

3.3 TC'AC sim)latio- steps&

T'e TC-MAC protocol *as eval(ated t'ro(!' detailed sim(lation (sin! t'e ns-/

net*or+ sim(lator$


19/26


20/26

"ince eac' TDMA frame is e4(al to #..msec t'e time needed to do*nload a G M2 file

from ve'icle A to ve'icle 2 is #.$ sec$

3.7 o8ilit, oels or Vehic)lar A'hoc Netor/ Sim)latio-&

%n t'is paper *e present a tool "MO MOVE t'at alo(s (sers to easily !enerate real

*orld mobillty models for VANET sim(lations$ MOVE tool is b(ilt ontop of "MO

*'ic' is open so(rce micro-teraffic sim(lator$ O(tp(t of MOVE is a real *orld mobillty

model and can (sed by N"-8 and 4(allnet sim(lator$ %n t'is paper *e evaloate and

compare a'oc ro(tin! performence for ve'ic(lar nodes (sin! MOVE *'ic' is (sin!

random *apoint model$ T'e sim(lliation res(lts are obtaineid *'en nods are movin!

accordin! to a real *orld mobility model *'ic' is si!nificantiy different from t'at of t'e

!enerally (sed random *apoint model$

VANET comm(nication is becomin! an important and pop(lar researc' topic in t'e area

of *ireless net*or+in! as *ell as in t'e a(tomobile indastries$ =oal of t'is researc' is to

devalop a ve'ic(lar comm(nication system *'ic' *ill enable 4(ic+ and cost-efficient

distrib(tion of data for t'e benefit of pasen!ers safety and comfort$ %t is cr(cial to test

and eval(ate protocol implemetations in a real *orld enviromment sim(lations are

commonly (sed as a first step in t'e protocol development for VANET researc'$

"everal comn(nications net*or+ sim(lator already e5it to provide a platform for testin!

and eval(atin! net*or+ protocals s(c' as N"-8# OPET 8 and U(alnet /$ T'ese

tools are basically desi!ned to provide !enaric sim(lation scenarios *it'(t bein!

partic(larly tailared for specilffic applications in t'e transporta environment$ "im(lations

play an important role in t'e area of tramsportation$ Variety of sim(lation tools is

available s(c' as PARAM%C" G COR"%M and V%"%M L MOVE 7 "MO

I8.#888 N"-8 Vanet-Mobi "im S etc *'ic' 'ave been developed to analisee

transportation scenarios at t'e micro and macro-scale levels$

,e *ill deploey a tool MOVE to *'ic' *ill provide facillty for t'e (sers to !enorate

real *orld mobility models for VANET sim(llnations$ MOVE tool is b(ilt on top of an

open so(rce micro traffic sim(lator "MO I$ T'e o(tp(t of MOVE is mobility trace

flle t'at contains information of real*orld ve'icle movements *'ic' can be (sed by N"-


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8 or U(allnet$ MOVE provides a set of =% t'at allo*s t'e (ser to 4(ic+ly !enerate real-

*orld sim(lation scenarios *it'o(t an sim(lation scripts$

OVE A%C9ITECT$%E

MOVE is implemented in ava and r(ns on top of an opeso(rce micro-traffic

sim(lator "MO$


22/26

%t mainly contains t'e net*or+ of roads:*ays intersections:0(nctions and

traffic li!'ts in a map

Net*or+


23/26

T'e map can be man(ally created$

=enerated a(tomatically

7.2 Traic mo"eme-t i- a -et1or/&

T'e ve'icles r(nnin! on t'e net*or+from t'e specified so(rce to

destination in a t*o lane system$

%t !ives (s a clear idea 'o* t'e ve'icles r(n in a partic(lar net*or+ and 'o*

its speed is affected by t'e ot'er ve'icles to avoid collision$ 2lin+in! of t'e RED li!'t in a ve'icle s'o*s t'at t'e partic(lar ve'icles are

maintainin! its speed accordin! to its front ve'icle$

Xello* blin+in! s'o*in! t'e direction in *'ic' t'e ve'icle *ill ta+e a t(rn$

7.3 TraicSi-alli-&'

To avoid t'e conlitions of collision traffic man!ement is t'e most impartant t'in!$

,'en t'e >i!'t !oes Red it indicates t'at t'e particolar lane cant be (sed for

comn(nication$

T'e Ve'icle Movement Editor allo*s (ser to specifty t'e trips of ve'icles and t'e ro(te t'at

eac' ve'icle *ill ta+e for one partic(lar trlp


24/26

sers inp(ts t'e information in t'e Map Editor and t'e Ve'icle Movement Editor t'en t'is

information is fed into "MO to !enorate mobillty trace *'ic' can be immidiatelly (sed by

N"-8 version 8$/G to sim(late real *orld ve'icle movements$ ,e can also visveali1e t'e

!enerated mobility trace by clic+in! on t'e Vis(ali1ationQ b(tton on Main Men( as s'o*n

in file$ T'is allo*s MOVE (sers to !enerate a map for any real-*orld road on eart' for

t'eir sim(lations$

T'e road map can also be !enerated a(tomatically *it'o(t any (ser inp(t$ T'ree types of

random maps are c(rrently available 6


25/26

T'e movements of ve'icles can be !enerated a(tomatically or man(ally (sin! t'e Ve'icle

Movment Editor$ T'e Ve'icle Movement Editor allo*s (sers to specify sevoral properties of

ve'icle ro(tes incl(din! t'e n(nnber of ve'icles in a partic(lar ro(te ve'icle departo(re time

ori!in and destination of t'e ve'icle d(ration of t'e trip ve'icle speed etc$ ,e can define t'e

probability of t(rnin! to difarent directions at eac' 0(nction in t'e editor


26/26

%E4E%ENCES

# %REAT Vol(me 8 %ss(e 8 Apr-May 8.#G%""N& 8/8. Y7SI# Co-operative

opport(nistic ro(tin! in VANET" (sin! P"R 6Proactive "o(rce Ro(tin! Protocol9$

8C$ E$ Per+ins and E$ M$ Royer Ad 'oc On-Demand Distance Vector 6AODV9 Ro(tin!

QRFC !"# (ly 8../$ Online$ Available&

/ T'e Net*or+ "im(lator Y ns-8Q

http$%%&&&.isi.ed'%nsnam%ns%

'ttp&::***$isi$ed(:nsnam:ns:t(totial

G nternational o'rnal of F't're Comp'ter and

Comm'nication* Vol. +* ,o. #*Febr'ary #!

An Optimi1ed T*o-P(rpose Peer-to-Peer VANET to

Disseminate Traffic %nformation and Red(ce Travel Time

Peer-to-Peer

for plagiarism

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